<  g 

a 

<  e 


is 


«  £ 

2     ED 

S  H 

Is 

5) 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS 


With  a  Comprehensive 
Statement  of 


UTAH  AS  IT  WAS. 


Showing  the  Founding,  Growth  and  Present  Status  of 
the  Commonwealth. 


PROFUSELY    ILLUSTRATED. 


S.  A.  KENNER, 

Author  of    "The   Practical    Politician,"    "Handbook 
of  Utah"  and  other  Publications. 


SALT  L.AKE  CITY,  UTAH,  1904. 
THE  DESERKT  NEWS. 


Bancroft  Library 


PREFATORY    REMARKS. 


A  GREAT  deal  has  been  said  and  written  on  the  subject 
to  which  the  subjoined  chapters  relate,  showing  that 
it  is  an  interesting  one;  and  all  is  not  yet  said  by  any  means. 
Each  succeeding  day  adds  something  to  a  story  already  full 
of  wonders  which  are  none  the  less  wonderful  because  familiar 
and  none  the  less  entertaining  because  told  before.  In  this 
volume,  however,  will  be  found  much,  even  in  the  domain  of 
history,  that  has  not  previously  made  its  way  into  print,  not 
necessarily  through  the  neglect  of  the  historian  but  rather  for 
the  reason  above  suggested — that  no  one  man  or  any  limited 
number  of  them,  and  no  publication,  could  possibly  tell  it  all. 
But  it  is  not  so  much  with  history  per  se  as  with  current 
events,  not  so  much  with  established  facts  of  the  past  as  with 
the  developments  of  the  present  and  the  possibilities  of  the 
future  as  relates  to  our  beloved  State,  that  these  pages  have 
to  do.  And  yet  history  is  by  no  means  slighted;  on  the  con- 
trary, the  earlier  portions  of  the  book  in  their  entirety  and 
much  that  follows  incidentally  are  devoted  to  that  line  of 
labor;  and  without  desiring  to  waft  any  garlands  in  my  own 
direction,  it  is  said  without  hesitancy  that  the  work  as  to  that 


IV  PREFATORY    REMARKS. 

has   been   as  fully  done   as   it   could  be  within  the  space  oc- 
cupied. 

This  book,  it  will  be  observed,  is  constructed  on  a  differ- 
ent plan  from  any  other  production  relating  to  Utah  ever 
placed  before  the  public.  Each  subject  dealt  with  has  a  de- 
partment to  itself  showing  its  commencement,  progress  and 
present  development,  together  with  the  people  who  did  or 
directed  the  work.  The  first  of  everything  is  a  conspicuous 
feature  herein — the  first  comers,  the  first  planting,  the  first 
house,  the  first  school,  the  first  mining,  the  first  railroad,  and 
so  on,  making  what  might  be  called  a  Pioneer  book  as  to 
everything,  but  more  particularly  as  to  the  honored  Pioneers 
themselves,  concerning  whom  too  much  cannot  be  said. 

The  sketches  of  numerous  people  in  all  the  varied  walks 
of  life,  contained  in  these  pages,  people  who  have  built  up, 
improved,  established  enterprises,  developed,  labored,  edu- 
cated and  advanced,  themselves  constitute  a  comprehensive 
history  of  the  commonwealth  and  every  phase  of  its  develop- 
ment; while  the  illustrations,  in  their  great  number,  variety 
and  scope,  help  out  the  telling  in  no  small  measure. 

Not  only  are  the  moral  and  material  characteristics  of 
Utah  thoroughly  shown  up,  but  the  domain  of  the  fine  arts 
has  not  been  neglected.  As  the  good  Bishop  in  Les  Miserable* 
(by  the  bye,  I  believe  all  bishops  are  good)  says,  "The  beauti- 
ful in  life  may  be  as  useful  as  the  useful,  even  more  so,"  and 
who  is  there  that  does  not  subscribe  to  the  statement?  Also 
the  military  feature  has  a  showing  and,  in  fact,  but  little  in  any 


PREFATORY    REMARKS.  V 

line  has  escaped  attention  even  though  not  coming  within  the 
range  of  substantial  and  productive  existence. 

To  those  who  did  and  dared  at  the  beginning  when  all 
was  forbidding  and  drear;  who  built  not  for  a  day  but  for  all 
time  and  for  all  people;  who  were  not  Argonauts  in  quest  of 
golden  fleece,  but  the  avant  couriers  of  a  mighty  civilization 
and  founders  of  a  work  so  vast  and  enduring  that  its  duration 
must  extend  to  the  limits  of  time;  to  them  and  their  worthy 
successors  and  descendants  this  volume  is  respectfully  dedi- 
cated. 

S.  A.  K. 


UTAH   AS    IT  IS. 


10  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

centuries  had  awaited  the  call  to  come  forth  and  add  their 
nourishing  and  beautifying  power  to  the  beings  and  things  of 
the  upper  earth.  While  the  foundations  of  this  reign  were  laid 
away  back  amid  the  mists  of  antiquity  and  threatened  to  con- 
tinue until  "the  wreck  of  matter  and  the  crash  of  worlds,"  it  was 
at  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth  century  from  the  advent  of  the 
Master  destined  to  be  overthrown  and  its  power  forever  des- 
troyed. 

One  day,  just  before  the  period  of  time  last  spoken  of, 
some  strange  sounds  cleft  the  all-pervading  solitude.  One 
was  that  of  a  woodman's  ax,  another  the  rumbling  of  a  wheeled 
vehicle,  while  another  was  that  of  a  human  voice — a  human 
being  who  had  not  been  born  and  reared  in  the  wilds  and 
whose  reddened  skin  was  not  the  result  of  heredity.  These 
were  the  notes  of  warning  that  the  beginning  of  the  end  of  the 
existing  sway  had  come.  The  dust  of  the  ages  arose  as  a 
cloud  of  smoke  leading  to  a  promised  land.  The  despot's  out- 
posts had  been  taken  and  his  citadel  soon  capitulated.  Then 
began  the  work  of  effacing,  piece  by  piece;  every  vestige  of  the 
hoary,  worthless  rule  was  to  go.  The  invaders  tore  up  the 
soil  and  planted  seeds;  they  pulled  the  streams  from  out  their 
channels  and  scattered  them  broadcast  over  the  land.  They 
stormed  the  crags,  they  hurled  thunderbolts  against  the  ad- 
amantine walls  which  buttressed  the  everlasting  hills,  and  these 
yielding  to  the  blasts,  the  hidden  treasures  of  the  ages  were 
brought  forth  into  the  light  of  day;  they  dragged  down,  they 
built  up,  they  struck  to  the  right  and  to  the  left,  and  at  last 
their  victory  was  complete.  "Civilization,  on  her  luminous 
wings,  soars,  phoenix-like,  to  Jove ."  Having  "scattered  plenty 
o'er  a  smiling  land,"  they  can  now  "read  their  history  in  a 
nation's  eyes." 


THE  STATE  BUILDERS. 


THEIR  JOURNEY    AND    ADVENT,    THEIR    TRIB- 
ULATIONS AND  TRIUMPHS. 

MORE  than  half  a  century  ago  there  appeared  at  the 
summit  of  one  of  the  extreme  western  gorges  of  the 
Wasatch  range,  opposite  the  southern  shores  of  the  Great 
Salt  Lake,  a  long,  winding  caravan  of  lumbering  vehicles  drawn 
by  horses  and  oxen,  whose  sore-footed,  weary  tread  indicated 
plainly  enough  how  long  and  burdensome  had  been  their  jour- 
ney; strung  along  in  various  positions  was  a  motley  array  of 
men,  women  and  children,  dust-begrimed,  travel-worn  and 
rough-appearing,  but  with  an  expression  of  satisfaction  upon 
each  countenance  because  the  end  of  the  pilgrimage  was  spread 
out  before  them;  the  wearisome,  wearing  march  was  about 
concluded.  Like  a  great  jewel  gleaming  upon  the  shaggy 
breast  of  Nature,  our  now  celebrated  inland  sea  appeared  at 
the  northwestern  corner  of  the  landscape,  while  all  around 
and  about  was  the  dismal,  colorless  sterility  which  had  for  so 
long  been  the  chief  characteristic  of  the  country  traversed. 
These  people  had  come  from  the  far-away  East  and  were  not 
on  speculation  bent,  otherwise  they  would  probably  have  gone 
on  and  pitched  their  tents  within  sight  of  the  golden-shored 
Pacific,  which,  even  then  was  a  land  of  great  promise.  The 
exact  date  of  their  arrival  was  July  24,  1847,  but  a  vanguard 
of  a  few  men  came  in  the  day  before.  The  people  were 
Mormons,  and  their  head  and  front  was  a  man  of  religious 
tendencies  and  instincts  named  Brigham  Young.  He  and  his 
followers  had  had  a  pretty  hard  time  of  it  crossing  an  un- 


12  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

settled,  savage  and  barren  wilderness  of  which  they  knew  but 
little,  to  arrive  at  last  in  a  place  regarding  which  they  knew 
nothing;  but  what  they  didn't  know  they  proceeded  to  find  out. 
They  were  looking  out  for  a  place  to  locate,  where  they 
would  be  so  severely  alone  and  so  decidedly  out  of  the  way 
that  the  chances  of  another  order  to  "move  on,"  of  which  they 
had  had  several,  would  be  exceedingly  slim  for  a  long  time  to 
come.  They  came,  they  saw,  they  conquered.  The  series 
of  forced  marches  which  eventuated  their  arrival  here  com- 
menced at  the  Missouri  river  some  three  months  previously. 
Those  who  now  make  the  trip  in  half  that  number  of  days 
and  have  never  "teamed  it"  across  the  plains  can  form  no  con- 
ception of  the  trials  and  travails  besetting  that  all  but  des- 
perate invasion  of  the  dark  domain  of  our  continent.  It 
was  an  experience  not  to  be  sought  or  coveted,  but  being 
possessed  became  a  treasure  of  incomparable  value.  It  made 
the  refugees — for  such  in  some  sense  they  were — sturdy 
where  irresolution  had  been,  strong  where  weakness  had  ex- 
isted, united  in  place  of  drifting  apart,  and  hopeful  of  a  success- 
ful outcome  where  previously  there  must  have  been  some 
measure  of  dubiety. 

It  was  altogether  one  of  the  most  splendid  performances 
from  which  the  genius  of  progress  ever  withheld  his  smiles 
until  complete  success  had  crowned  the  performers'  labors. 
When  they  ^ould  not  make  twenty  miles  a  day  they  got  as 
far  as  they  could,  and  when  progress  was  impracticable  they 
waited  patiently  till  the  difficulties  were  overcome.  Notwith- 
standing cattle  or  horses  occasionally  being  lost,  wagons 
breaking  down,  the  scarcity  of  nourishing  food,  the  uncertain- 
ty and  apprehension  naturally  prevailing  as  to  what  the  next 
march  would  develop,  the  sickness,  the  sadness,  the  sorrow 
and  even  the  few  deaths  that  occurred,  there  was  no  faltering 
from  the  purpose  in  chief,  no  deviation  from  the  straightfor- 
ward course,  and  no  laxity  in  reliance  upon  the  "protecting 
power  of  Divine  Providence."  So  they  jogged  along. 

Around  camp  fires  at  night,  and  occasionally  while  plod- 


THM  STATE  BUILDERS.  13 

ding  their  weary  way  by  day,  songs  made  to  order  could  be 
heard,  the  chorus  being  generally  of  the  uproarious  style  and 
given  with  a  vocal  vigor  that  made  the  welkin  ring  and  let 
the  lurking  savages  know  that  the  travelers  were  by  no  means 
afraid  of  being  heard.  One — a  fair  sample  of  these  "songs"- 
ran  like  this,  the  tune  being  "Old  Dan  Tucker:" 

Out  the  way  for  California,* 
In  the  spring  we'll  take  our  journey, 
Far  beyond  Arkansas'  fountains, 
Pass  between  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Old  Governor  Fordf  he  is  so  small 
He  has  no  room  for  soul  at  all; 
He  neither  could  be  damned  nor  blessed 
If  heaven  and  hell  should  do  their  best. 

Then  out  the  way,  &c. 

The  Mormons  are  a  wonderful  set, 
The  devil  never  has  beat  them  yet. 
Some  have  wives  and  some  have  none, 
But  a  hundred  and  ten  has  Brigham  Young. 

Then  out  the  way,  &c. 

There  was  any  amount  more  of  this  rough-and-tumble 
doggerel,  but  enough  is  produced  to  give  an  idea  of  its  char- 
acter; to  give  an  idea  of  its  effectiveness,  of  the  resonance 
and  vehemence  with  which  it  was  sung,  would  be 
quite  impossible.  It  was  a  kind  of  surcease  of  sorrow, 
at  once  a  means  of  dispelling  for  the  moment  the  ugly 
memories  of  recently  bygone  days  and  affording  a  sort  of 
relaxation,  and  as  such  was  not  without  value.  Surely  those 
men  needed  relaxation.  In  addition  to  the  troubles  always 
apparent,  they  were  weak-handed,  and  a  large  band  of  hostiles 
such  as  were  numerous  then,  by  making  a  rush  could  have 
blotted  them  out.  The  cause  of  this  was  the  fact  that  500  of 
their  brethren,  all  able-bodied,  were  also  on  "the  way  to  Cali- 

*  In  those  days  "California"  meant  pretty  much  everything  west  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains. 

t  Governor  of  Illinois  at  the  time  of  the  Mormons'  persecutions. 


14 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


fornia"  by  a  different  route  and  for  a  different  purpose,  they 
having  entered  the  service  of  the  United  Sates  in  its  war  with 
Mexico,  and  are  known  in  history  as  the  Mormon  Battalion. 
All  of  these  came  to  Utah  later  on  from  the  west,  some  of 
them  having  participated  in  the  experiences  and  scenes  which 
attended  the  opening  up  of  the  golden  era  and  making  of  Cali- 
fornia the  great  Mecca  to  which  the  devotees  of  the  Mammon 
god  flocked.  The  Battalion  did  its  work  honorably  and  well 
and  none  were  lost.  Nor  were  their  services  required  by  the 


THE  PIONEERS'  RECEPTION  COMMITTEE. 

Pioneers,  who  were  bothered  less  by  Indians  than  by  some  of 
the  other  disturbing  agencies  of  nature,  but  this  must  be 
classed  among  the  things  providential.  Finally  the  journey 
ended  as  stated. 

It  is  quite  impossible  even  to  imagine  the  sensations  of 
those  people  at  that  time.  They  were  free  from  the  visita- 
tions of  mobbers  and  marauders,  and,  notwithstanding  the 
subdued  glare  of  hostile  campfires  at  great  distances  and  the 
discordant  serenades  of  the  nearer  wild  beasts,  could  at  last  lie 
down  in  peace  and  sleep  the  undisturbed  sleep  of  those  whose 


THE  STATE  BUILDERS.  15 

consciences  are  void  of  offense.  Their  vigils  were  relaxed 
and  they  were  at  last  free  as  the  mountain  air  which  fanned  their 
cheeks  and  imparted  vigor  to  their  wearied  bodies — American 
citizens,  driven  from  their  birthright,  hounded  from  pillar  to 
post,  plundered,  assaulted,  all  manner  of  religious  and  political 
persecution  showered  upon  them — free  at  last  as  such  citizens, 
but  upon  foreign  soil!  They  were  monarchs,  of -all  they  sur- 
veyed now,  the  owners  of  all  things  surrounding  them.  There 
was  none  to  oppose,  as  well  as  none  to  welcome;  even  had 
there  been,  the  form  of  greeting  must  have  been,  "You  are 
welcome  to  this  vast  field  of  nothingness;  enjoy  it  if  you  can." 
In  this  time  of  hardships  ending  but  to  begin  anew,  was  there 
any  thought  of  separation  from  the  land  to  which  they  be- 
longed but  from  which  they  had  been  expelled?  If  so,  here 
was  their  grand  opportunity.  Their  feet  pressed  the  soil  of 
Mexico,  and  even  its  laws  could  not  reach  them,  so  political 
as  well  as  social  independence  was  all  at  once  within  their 
grasp.  How  different  fromaJl  this  was  what  they  actually  did! 
The  independence  they  sought  was  that  promulgated  by 
Thomas  Jefferson,  not  that  of  Jefferson  Davis;  they  would  add 
to,  not  take  from,  the  domain  of  their  country,  and  their  first 
important  act,  aside  from  securing  some  measures  of  personal 
comfort,  was  the  hoisting  of  the  Stars  and  Stripes  on  a  neigh- 
boring peak,  thus  proclaiming  the  new  country  to  be  territory 
of  the  United  States,  following  this,  as  soon  as  practicable, 
with  the  organization  of  a  provisional  State  government  and 
making  a  formal  request  for  admission  as  one  of  the  grand 
sisterhood. 


EARLY  CALLERS. 

IT  WOULD  take  a  nimbler,  more  analytical  and  more 
graphic  pen  than  the  one  with  which  these  lines  are  traced  to 
tell,  so  that  the  reader  would  feel  and  appreciate,  just  what  was 


16  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

done  and  what  manifested  as  an  outflow  of  feeling  when  the 
jaded  band  "unhitched"  and  "turned  out"  for  the  last  time,  as  far 
as  their  journeying  was  concerned.  The  approach  of  evening 
bearing  with  it  no  admonition  of  ceaseless  vigil  during  the  long 
hours  of  the  night,  and  no  need  of  careful  and  laborious  ar- 
rangement of  trappings,  utensils  and  necessary  things  in  readi- 
ness for  hasty  getting  together  and  pulling  out  on  the  morrow, 
the  discontinuance  if  not  the  demolition  of  the  treadmill,  so 
to  speak,  was  surely  the  breaking  of  a  direful  strain,  the  be- 
ginning of  a  condition  in  which  the  strenuousness  of  a  long 
period  of  onward  plodding  was  overcome  for  the  time  being  at 
least;  and  when  night  came,  with  its  surcease  of  sounds  except 
those  most  soothing  to  the  senses — the  rippling  of  the  moun- 
tain stream  and  the  cadence  of  the  gentle  breezes  amid  the 
vegetation  on  its  banks — the  "sleep  that  knits  up  the  raveled 
sleeve  of  care"  must  have  descended  upon  them  as  a  benison. 
Such  was  the  beginning  of  w7hat  we  now  behold  on  every 
hand  as  the  triumph  of  mind  over  matter,  of  the  subjugation 
of  stubborn  conditions,  the  establishment  of  the  newer  civiliza- 
tion of  America. 

The  Mormons  were  by  no  means  the  first  white  people 
that  had  ever  set  foot  in  the  valley  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake, 
but  they  were  the  first  settlers .  The  fact  is,  that  the  few 
others  who  had  previously  come  here  only  waited  about  long 
enough  to  take  a  good  look  at  the  situation,  to  "size  it  up,"  so 
to  speak,  and  then  "strike  the  trail"  again.  They  didn't  want 
any  of  it,  and  of  course  didn't  believe  that  anybody  else  would 
have  it. 

Back  amid  the  times  when  there  were  no  white  people  on 
this  soil  except  occasionally  interlopers  who,  if  they  had  any 
fixed  and  definite  purpose  in  coming  to  America  have  failed 
to  hand  down  information  of  what  it  was,  we  read  of  Coron- 
ado,  Cardenas  and  much  later,  about  the  time  of  the  promulga- 
tion of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  Bonneville,  who  pen- 
etrated the  western  wilds  further  than  either  of  his  predecessors. 
In  fact,  he  was  the  only  one  up  to  that  time  who  actually  reached 


THE  STATE  BUILDERS. 


17 


the  territory  settled  upon  some  seventy  years  later  by  the 
Mormons,  and  he  got  no  further  north  than  the  southern  part 
of  Utah  Lake.  A  long  interval  followed,  unmarked  by  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  venturesome  white  man,  the  spell  being 
broken  in  1824  by  one  whose  name  is  synonymous  with 


JIM    BRIDGER,    THE    FIRST    WHITE    MAN 
IN    SALT    LAKE    VALLEY. 


mountaineering,  frontiering  and  venturesome  exploration  gen- 
erally. His  name  was  James  Bridger  and  he  struck  the  Bear 
River  country  early  in  that  year  in  company  with  a  party  of 
fur  hunters.  Soon  after  their  advent  he  was  made  chair- 
man of  a  committee  of  two  to  proceed  down  the  river  in  a 


18  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

canoe  and  see  what  could  be  seen,  whereby  he  made  the  dis- 
covery of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  and  thus  got  his  moccasin 
prints  upon  the  soil  surrounding  it  ahead  of  any  other  man  of 
his  race  so  far  as  known.  Civilization  had  no  attractions  for 
him  and  eventually  he  settled  on  the  spot  which  still  bears  his 
name,  in  western  Wyoming — Fort  Bridger;  and  two  or  three 
desultory  companies  of  pilgrims  bound  for  the  eastern  shores 
of  the  Pacific  are  recorded  as  having  cut  through  a  little  ahead 
of  the  Mormons,  but  not  much  ahead,  and  as  previously  sug- 
gested, none  camped  longer  than  a  night  or  so. 

Bridger  first  crossed  the  plains  when  there  were  but  few 
white  men's  homes  west  of  St.  Louis  and  none  at  all  west  of 
the  Missouri.  He  passed  through  all  manner  of  trying  ad- 
ventures, and  fought  and  drove  off  as  many  as  150  Indians  at  a 
time.  The  man  was  utterly  fearless.  When  he  first  saw  the 
Great  Salt  Lake  all  the  maps  of  the  country  were  a  blank, 
being  marked  up  as  the  "Great  American  Desert."  He  ren- 
dered invaluable  assistance  to  the  surveyors  for  the  route  of 
the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  making  many  difficult  places  quite 
plain  for  them.  He  died  July  17,  1881,  at  Westport,  Mis- 
souri. 

The  next  man  after  Bridger  to  penetrate  the  Wasatch 
range  was  "Jim"  Baker,  who  came  in  1834,  anc^  was  John  C. 
Fremont's  most  trusted  scout.  He  was  a  great  bear  hunter 
and  the  proud  possessor  of  several  squaw  wives  whom  he  kept 
at  his  ranch  in  Colorado.  It  is  related  of  him  that  some  twenty 
years  or  more  after  his  first  call  he  received  $8000  for  furs  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  and  the  next  morning  he  hadn't  a  cent  to  bless 
himself  with,  the  festive  gambler  and  dispenser  of  liquid  light- 
ning having  done  their  work  to  a  beautiful  finish.  Baker  died 
about  four  years  ago,  deserving,  as  a  frontiersman  and  adven- 
turous pioneer,  much  more  in  the  way  of  mention  than  he  has 
received. 


THE  STATE  BUILDERS.  19 


WHO  THE  PIONEERS  WERE. 

THE  names  of  the  Pioneers  deserve  to  be  perpetuated  and 
kept  in  endearing  remembrance  by  all  the  ages  to  come,  irre- 
spective of  creeds  or  other  divisions  of  the  human  family. 
Not  only  they,  but  those  who  came  shortly  after,  endured  and 
dared  and  perserved  in  the  very  grasp  of  the  destroyer  that 
all  that  is  mentioned  in  these  chapters  as  the  sequence  of  their 
work  might  be.  And  what  shall  be  said  of  the  three  brave 
women  who  dared  the  perils  of  the  prairies  and  shared  the 
hardships  of  their  husbands  by  becoming  members  of  the  first 
band?  Unaccustomed  to  the  dangers,  roughness  and  indeli- 
cacies of  pioneer  work,  always  weary,  often  faint,  some- 
times sick,  confronted  now  and  then  by  circumstances  repul- 
sive to  refined  natures,  and  reaching  the  goal  at  last  to  find 
nothing  inviting,  pleasant  or  promising,  is  it  any  wonder  if 
they  revolted  somewhat  on  arrival  and  insisted  on  going  ahead? 
They  would  have  been  more  than  human,  or  less,  if  it  had 
been  otherwise.  But  they  remained,  endured  the  discourage- 
ments, continued  the  good,  hard  work  till  it  was  all  over,  and 
then  enjoyed  something  of  the  reward  they  had  so  largely 
earned.  They  and  those  who  came  later  under  similar  circum- 
stances were  fit  to  be  the  wives  of  the  men  whose  wives  they 
were;  and  this  is  praise  enough. 

This  book  will  contribute  its  share  towards  keeping 
green  the  memory  of  the  Pioneers  by  recording  their  names 
in  full: 

Brigham  Young,  Wilford  Woodruff,  Heber  C.  Kimball, 

Orson  Pratt,  George  A.  Smith,  Willard  Richards, 

Joseph  Egbert,  Marcus  B.  Thorpe,  John  S.  Fowler, 

John  M.  Freeman,  George  Wardle,  Jacob  D.  Burnham, 

Amasa  M.  Lyman,  George  Brown,  Kzra  X.  Benson, 

Starling  Driggs,  Barnabas  Iy.  Adams,  Thomas  B.  Grover, 

Jesse  C.  Little,  Rowell  Stevens,  Albert  Carrington, 


20 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Phineas  H.  Young, 
John  Y.  Green, 
Thomas  Tanner, 
Luke  S.  Johnson, 
John  Hoi  man, 
Edmund  Ellsworth, 
Alvarus  Hanks, 
Sylvester  H.  Earl, 
John  H.  Dixon, 
Samuel  H.  Marble, 
Charles  Shumway, 
Andrew  Shumway, 
Thomas  Woolsey, 
Chauncey  Loveland, 
Franklin  B.  Stewart, 
Monroe  Frink, 
Erick  Glines, 
Ozro  Eastman, 
Elijah  Newman. 
Levi  N.  Kendall, 
Francis  Boggs, 
David  Grant, 
Hosea  Gushing, 
Robert  Byard, 
George  Billings, 
Appleton  >I.  Harmon, 
Carlos  Murray, 
Horace  K.  Whitney, 
Orson  K.  Whitney, 
Joseph  Rooker,* 
Perry  Fitzgerald, 
John  H.  Tippetts, 
Norton  Jacobs, 
Charles  A.  Harper, 
George  Woodard, 
John  Brown, 
Shadrach  Roundy, 
Levi  Jackruan, 
Joseph  Matthews, 
Clara  D.  Young, 
Harriet  P.  W.  Young, 
Ellen  S.  Kimball. 


Addison  Everett, 
Truman  O.  Angell, 
Lorenzo  D.  Young, 
George  R.  Grant, 
Millen  At  wood, 
Samuel  B.  Fox, 
Tunis  Rappleyee, 
George  Scholes, 
William  Henri, 
William  A  Empey, 
Erastus  Snow, 
James  Craig, 
William  Wordsworth, 
James  Case, 
Artemus  Johnson, 
William  C.  A.  Smoot, 
Franklin  B.  Dewey, 
Seth  Taft, 
Horace  Thornton, 
Stephen  Kelsey, 
John  S.  Eldredge, 
Charles  D.  Barnum, 
Edson  Whipple, 
Philo  Johnson, 
William  Clayton, 
Orrin  P.  Rockwell, 
Nathaniel  T.  Brown, 
R.Jackson  Redding, 
John  Pack, 
James  Davenport, 
Henson  Walker, 
Benjamin  Rolfe, 
Stephen  Markham, 
Lewis  Barney, 
George  Mills, 
Lyman  Curtis, 
Hans  C.  Hensen, 
Matthew  Ivory, 
Gilbroid  Summe, 
Charles  Burke, 
Alexander  P.  Chessley, 
Rodney  Badger, 


Thomas  Bullock, 

Bryant  Stringham, 

Joseph  S.  Scofield, 

Albert  P.  Rockwood, 

Harry  Pierce, 

William  Dykes, 

Jacob  Weiler, 

Stephen  H  Goddard, 
Tarlton  Lewis, 
Henry  G.  Sherwood, 
Zebedee  Coltrin, 
William  Vance, 
Simeon  Howd, 
Seeley  Owen, 
William  Carter, 
Franklin  G.  Losee, 

Burr  Frost, 

Datus  Ensign,* 
Alma  M.  Williams, 
Rufus  Allen, 
Robert  T.  Thomas, 
James  W.  Stewart, 
Howard  Egan, 
William  A.  King, 
Thomas  Cloward, 
Francis  Pomeroy, 
Aaron  Farr, 
Nathaniel  Fairbanks,. 
John  S.  Higbee. 
John  Wheeler, 
Solomon  Chamberlin, 
Conrad  Klineman, 
Andrew  Gibbons, 
Joseph  Hancock, 
John  W.  Norton, 
David  Powers, 
Norman  Taylor, 
Ellis  Eames, 
John  Gleason, 
Hark  Lay  (colored), 
Oscar  Crosby  (colored), 
Green  Flake  (colored). 


*  Non-Mormons,  though  Mr.  Ensign  joined  the  Church  some  time  after 
reaching  Utah. 


THE  SI  ATE  BUILDERS.  21 

The  first  named  of  the  women  was  the  wife  of  Brigham 
Young,  the  second  the  wife  of  Lorenzo  D.  Young,  and  the 
third  was  Heber  C.  KimbalPs  wife.  They  came  of  their  own 
free  will  and  choice,  and  were  all  who  came  that  season. 
There  were  two  children — Issac  P.  Decker  and  Lorenzo  S. 
\oung,  making  the  whole  number  one  hundred  and  forty-nine. 
Of  these,  all  but  six — P.  H.  Young,  George  Woodward,  A. 
F.  Farr,  Eric  Glines  and  R.  Badger,  who  were  allowed  to 
turn  back  at  Green  River  for  their  families,  and  Ellis  Eames, 
who  went  back  further  east  because  of  sickness — made  the 
grand  entree  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  Valley  at  the  time 
stated. 


THE  GREAT  WORK  BEGUN. 

THE  first  house  in  Salt  Lake  Gity  was  built  on  what  is 
now  known  as  Pioneer  Square,  in  the  western  part  of  town, 
although  the  continued  reaching  out  of  building  and  cultiva- 
tion up  to  and  beyond  the  Jordan  river,  a  mile  west  of  the 
square,  has  of  late  years  been  the  means  of  throwing  this 
locality  somewhat  nearer  the  center.  The  structure  was  of 
logs  and  was  measurably  comfortable  even  if  not  commodious. 
No  lines  of  architecture  and  no  plans  or  specifications  were 
followed  in  its  construction,  the  prevailing  idea  being  to  obtain 
shelter  from  the  elements.  Other  little  habitations  followed 
slowly,  and  in  a  comparatively  short  time  a  straggling  sort  of 
village  had,  as  it  were,  sprung  from  the  ground.  In  the  midst 
of  all  this  the  necessity  for  early  production  of  sustenance 
was  by  no  means  overlooked.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  prepara- 
tions to  that  end  were  begun  before  anything  in  the  building 
line  was  attended  to.  Digging  up  the  ground  preparatory  to 
planting  was  found  to  be  labor  of  slow  and  uncertain  results; 
the  soil  was  hard,  pebbly  and  dry,  so  much  so  that  the  pro- 
fuse perspiration  that  fell  from  those  men's  faces  was  absorbed 
as  greedily  as  it  would  have  been  by  living  coals  of  fire.  The 


22 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


first  of  the  pilgrims'  effects  to  be  cast  into  the  unpromising 
drills  were  the  eyes  of  a  quantity  of  potatoes,  the  rest  of  the 
vegetables  being  used  for  food.  The  sprouts  were  covered 
up  almost  as  carefully  and  reverently  as  though  they  were  de- 
parted friends,  as  indeed  in  one  sense  they  were,  and  left  to 
come  forth  in  the  due  season  of  nature,  or  not  to  come  up  at  all, 
whichever  it  might  prove  to  be.  Other  planting  was  done, 
and  naturally  rain  was  hoped  for,  but  for  some  time  it  was 
like  the  letter  that  never  came.  The  Pioneers  discovered  that 


FIRST    HOUSE    IN    UTAH. 

the  land  they  had  taken  possession  of  was  in  constant  need  of 
moisture  which  the  atmosphere  steadily  refused  to  produce. 
Here  was  the  impelling  influence  to  the  inception  of  the  sys- 
tem by  means  of  which  nine-tenths  of  all  the  cultivated  lands 
of  this  region  have  been  reclaimed  from  the  wastes  of  nature 
— irrigation.  It  is  at  once  a  comprehensive  science,  an  in- 
valuable and  indispensable  factor  in  the  domain  of  production, 
and  the  cause  of  more  hard  labor  and  stubborn  litigation  than 
anything  else  in  our  midst,  with  the  possible  exception  of 


THE  STATE  BUILDERS.  23 

mining.  Hard  as  it  is  to  successfully  irrigate  large  patches 
of  soil  nowadays,  it  is  the  veriest  pastime  compared  with  what 
it  was  at  the  beginning  and  for  a  long  time  after.  Irrigation 
owes  its  existence  to  the  people  who  settled  Utah,  and  the 
people  in  turn  owe  their  existence  to  it.  It  is  a  question  con- 
cerning which  there  might  be  at  least  argument  as  to  which 
was  the  greater  debtor  or  creditor  to  the  other  by  reason  of 
the  grand  consummation  wrought  out  by  the  united  forces  of 
the  two;  but  the  argument  would  be  like  many  others, more  rhe- 
torical than  conclusive.  It  is  fair,  however,  to  say  that  all  that 
has  been  gained  in  the  way  of  a  foothold  for  human  habita- 
tion and  consequent  civilization  here  has  been  at  a  cost 
which  aggregated  would  amount  to  the  capitalization  of  the 
grandest  empire  that  ever  rose,  or  reigned,  or  fell;  not  one 
dollar's  worth  of  value  did  the  hardy  founders  of  our  glorious 
commonwealth  wrest  from  the  unwilling  hand  of  nature  that 
did  not  cost  them  in  slavish  toil  a  hundred  fold  and  more.  If 
all  that  they  did  to  lay  the  foundation  stones  of  the  State  of 
Utah  were  to  be  counted  and  paid  for  at  fair  rates,  no  nation  on 
earth  could  foot  the  bill  and  escape  bankruptcy.  The  record 
is  one  of  the  wonders  of  national  history,  not  so  much 
thought  of  or  appreciated  now  because  everything  is  so  dif- 
ferent, because  the  interest  on  the  investment  made  by  such 
endurance  and  sacrifice  is  being  realized  so  abundantly  by 
those  who  have  have  passed  through  none  of  the  hardships 
and  have  no  realizing  sense  of  them. 

At  this  point,  a  reference  to  an  oft-quoted  incident  will  not 
be  out  of  place.  "Jim"  Bridger,  previously  spoken  of,  as  the 
exiles  were  passing  his  post,  being  told  where  they  were  going, 
expressed  astonishment  that  they  should  locate  in  a  place  so 
unpromising  and  apparently  unproductive.  He  could  see  no 
profit  but  a  great  deal  of  loss,  if  the  people  rated  their  labor 
and  privations  at  a  fair  estimate,  and  said  he  would  give  a 
thousand  dollars  for  every  bushel  of  wheat  (some  say  ears  of 
corn  and  others  still  the  first  ear  of  corn)  raised  here.  It  is 
not  very  material  what  he  actually  did  say,  except  as  to  show- 


24  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

ing  his  opinion  of  the  situation,  so,  for  the  sake  of  the  subject, 
I  will  choose  the  first.  James  was  undoubtedly  correct  as 
human  wisdom  goes;  he  could  see  no  possible  advantage  to 
come  to  those  who  labored  for  apparently  an  abstraction  and 
could  not  make  their  blows  tell  at  once.  He  was  practical, 
and  knew  that  for  every  dollar's  worth  gained  in  such  a  place 
much  more  in  labor  values  would  have  to  be  expended  to  get 
it,  even  if  anything  at  all  should  be  returned,  which  he  showed 
his  unbelief  in  as  stated,  and  could  not  grasp  such  a  condition 
as  people  staying  with  a  losing  proposition  when  by  going 
further  they  stood  a  chance  to  win.  He  was  a  man  of  the 
world  and  estimated  the  affairs  of  life  from  a  worldly  stand- 
point. Anything  that  could  not  be  computed  from  the  basis 
of  dollars  and  cents,  or  did  not  produce  reasonably  early 
and  profitable  returns  on  the  investment,  was  a  good  thing  to 
keep  out  of.  He  knew  that  further  on  were  many  valleys 
where  the  soil  was  softer,  apparently  richer,  and  quite  as  well 
watered,  while  there  was  a  reasonable  percentage  of  humidity 
during  the  summer  months,  and  that  beyond  all  these  were 
the  matchless  climate  and  the  prolific  soil  of  California,  where 
labor  received  immediate  and  adequate  returns;  why  halt  at 
the  halfway  place,  where  sterility  was  in  full  sway  and  hard- 
ships held  high  carnival?  But  suppose  he  had  been  able  to 
give  security  for  the  fulfillment  of  his  proposed  contract,  and 
the  price  to  be  paid  per  bushel  for  wheat  up  to  date  had  been 
reduced  to  something  near  the  average  prevailing  figure,  say 
one  dollar.  Mr.  Bridger  would  still  have  been  "in  the  hole" 
very  deep  indeed;  why,  for  the  first  year  of  the  new  century 
alone  he  or  his  heirs  would  have  had  to  receive  the  startling 
sum  of  nearly  4,000,000  bushels  and  pay  over  a  corresponding 
number  of  dollars!  Perhaps  in  some  fitful  reverie  during  the 
lonely  hours  of  his  solitude,  when  "fancy  her  magical  pinions 
spread  wide,"  he  may  have  seen  himself  at  a  time  far  hence 
the  owner  of  such  a  vast  fortune,  but  the  dream  never  mate- 
rialized; as  a  matter  of  fact,  he  never  owned  a  tithe  of  such  a 
sum.  He  is  dead  now  and  in  the  possession  of  such  rewards 


THE  STA  TE  B  UILDERS.  25 

as  his  good  deeds — which  were  by  no  means  non-existent- 
entitled  him  to;  but  he  lived  long  enough  to  see  many  of  the 
tattered,  wearied  empire-builders  of  '47  in  possession  of  more 
of  the  world's  goods  than  he  had  ever  owned,  with  all  of  them 
and  nearly  all  of  their  followers  and  associates  in  much  more 
comfortable  circumstances  than  any  that  ever  fell  to  his  lot  in 
life.  Thus  it  is  with  those  who  cannot  judge  of  the  future 
even  by  the  past,  who  cannot  discern  the  hand  of  destiny  so 
manifestly  before  them;  and  thus  it  is  with  those  who  judge 
of  the  Mormon  pilgrims  by  the  standards  of  the  world's 
people.  In  all  this  we  have  a  striking  exemplification  of 
Mormon  doctrine,  which  is,  that  faith  without  works  is 
nothing. 

It  is  not  to  be  expected  that  any  person  can  see  with  an- 
other person's  eyes,  nor  is  it  surprising  that  so  small  a  number, 
comparatively,  of  people  are  willing  to  undergo  so  much  when 
so  little  in  the  way  ot  visible  rewards  attends  upon  their  labors 
or,  gauged  by  human  standards,  is  promised.  It  is  not,  there- 
fore, to  be  wondered  at  that  the  great  majority  think  the  small 
minority  a  band  of  uncaged  lunatics,  maintaining  such  belief 
until  the  non  compos  people  demonstrate  that,  so  far  as  judg- 
ment as  to  possible  things  is  concerned,  the  shoe  is  on  the 
other  foot.  The  real  wonder  appears  when  the  majority, 
seeing  their  error,  not  only  do  not  frankly  admit  it  but  rush  in 
to  secure  a  share  of  the  proceeds — to  violate  a  principle  of 
law,  as  it  were,  in  profiting  by  their  own  wrong.  Thus  we  be- 
hold some  of  those  who  would  have  given  nothing  for  all  the 
Mormons  found,  and  were  willing  to  give  fabulous  prices  for 
all  that  such  possessions  could  be  made  to  yield,  reversing 
themselves  in  act  if  not  in  word  by  paying  goodly  prices  at 
times  for  small  pieces  of  that  same  worthless  ground  and  re- 
fusing to  pay  more  than  the  normal  market  rates  for  the  pro- 
ducts. Singular  how  people  get  twisted  around  sometimes 
and  have  to  conform  to  things  all  along  disbelieved,  by  means 
they  knew  not  of  and  can  scarcely  tell  why! 


THE  MORMON  CHURCH. 


ITS    ORIGIN    AND     PROGRESS    AND    WHAT    IT 
HAS    ACCOMPLISHED. 

TT  is  proper,  before  proceeding  further,  that  some  mention 
•*•  be  made  of  the  origin,  development  and  labors  of  the  re- 
ligious organization  above  named,  or  as  it  is  officially  denomi- 
nated, the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter-day  Saints. 
While  this  book,  or  any  part  thereof,  is  not  an  exponent  of, 
an  apologist  for,  or,  except  as  it  may  be  of  general  interest,  a 
presenter  of  the  features  of  any  creed  or  party,  it  still  follows 
that  to  omit  special  and  detailed  mention  of  these  people's 
antecedents  and  characteristics  would  be  to  leave  a  big  gap  in 
the  narrative  as  a  whole. 

The  terms  "  Mormon  Church  "  and  "  founders  of  Utah" 
are  by  no  means  synonymous,  yet  paradoxical  as  it  may  ap- 
pear, they  are  one  and  the  same  thing  from  a  secular  point  of 
view;  it  is  the  case  that  when  the  latter  term  is  the  one  used, 
the  former  naturally  and  inextricably  forms  a  mental  association 
with  it,  but  the  converse  is  not  necessarily  the  case.  It  is  by 
no  means  the  first  time  in  history  that  a  religious  people,  vol- 
untarily or  involuntarily  excluded  from  their  ail-along  associa- 
tions, have  laid  the  foundations  of  empire  and  been  the  means 
of  causing  the  wilderness  to  bloom  by  peopling,  subduing  and 
overcoming  it  to  the  end  that  civilization  might  obtain  a  se- 
cure and  lasting  footing.  It  must,  indeed,  be  a  fact  that  is 
patent  to  all  readers  and  thinkers,  that  the  State  has  earned, 
even  if  it  has  not  received,  the  distinction  of  being  the  un- 
grateful offspring  of  the  Church — that  the  star  of  empire  has 


JOHN  R.  WINDER, 

First  Counselor. 


THE  PRESENT  FIRST  PRESIDENCY. 

JOSEPH  F.  SMITH, 

President. 


ANTHON  H.  LUNI>, 
Second  Counselor. 


28  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

oftener  than  otherwise  been  preceded  by  the  sign  of  the 
cross .  But  not  before,  at  least  not  in  modern  history,  is  there 
an  account  of  a  religious  organization  as  such  and  as  a  whole 
battering  down  the  ramparts  of  hostile  nature  and  establish- 
ing and  carrying  forward  the  pioneering  work  which  even- 
tuated brilliant  and  prosperous  commonwealths.  That  is 
what  the  Mormon  Church,  as  an  organization  and  by  its  enti- 
ties, accomplished;  and  few  if  any  there  be  who  would  with- 
hold from  them  the  meed  of  praise  to  which  they  are  so  justly 
entitled. 

The  Church  was  brought  into  existence  through  the  in- 
strumentality of  a  young  man  named  Joseph  Smith,  living 
near  the  town  of  Manchester,  New  York.  He  presented  it 
to  the  world  as  the  restoration  of  the  gospel  of  the  Savior  in 
its  fullness,  and  showed  how  he  had  been  led  and  enlightened 
thereto  by  divine  messengers  in  person.  He  gave  to  the  do- 
main of  letters  and  history  the  translation  of  a  record  of  the 
people  who  lived  on  the  American  continents  many  hundreds 
of  years  prior  to.  up  to  and  a  few  hundred  years  after  the  ad- 
vent of  the  Messiah.  This  was  published  as  the  Book  of 
Mormon,  and  is  the  corner  stone  of  the  organization. 

The  Church  is  theocratic  in  philosophy  and  democratic 
in  practice,  as  an  illustration  of  which  all  its  officers  are  pre- 
sumed to  be  in  full  accord  with  trie  workings  of  the  Spirit  and 
to  be  selected  for  their  callings  by  inspiration,  but  the  selec- 
tions are  ratified  by  a  vote  of  all  the  members  of  the  Church, 
male  and  female,  who  are  present  when  the  vote  is  taken; 
and  its  control  reaches  to  the  temporal  as  well  as  the  spiritual 
affairs  of  its  members.  God  has  a  body  and  faith  must  be 
accompanied  by  works. 

The  Ghurch  was  organized  April  6,  1830,  at  Fayette,  Se- 
neca county,  New  York,  with  but  six  members — Joseph  Smith, 
Oliver  Cowdery,  Hyrum  Smith,  Peter  Whitmer,  Jr.,  Samuel 
H.  Smith  and  David  Whitmer — and  these  were  and  have 
been  continuously  added  to  until  the  members  constitute  the 
bulk  of  the  population  of  Utah  and  are  a  considerable  factor 


THE  MORMON  CHURCH. 


29 


in  the  surrounding  States;  besides  which  there  are  missions 
with  considerable  membership  throughout  this  country  and 
the  whole  world,  the  grand  total  being  about  330,000.  The 
general  authorities  are:  i  The  First  Presidency,  consisting 
of  a  President  and  two  Counselors;  2  The  Twelve  Apostles 
(an  executive  council);  3  Presiding  Patriarch;  4  First  Coun- 


PRESIDING  BISHOPRIC. 

ORRIN  P.  MILLER,  WILLIAM  B.  PRESTON,  ROBERT  T.  BURTON, 

Second   Counselor.  Presiding  Bishop.  First  Counselor. 

cil   of   Seventies;     5  Presiding   Bishopric.     There   is  also    a 
Historian. 

Following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  Presidents  and  their 
Counselors  from  the  beginning,  with  date  of  entry  into  and  de- 


30 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


parture   from  office,  the  latter  generally  having  been  caused 
by  death: 


Presidents. 

Counselors. 

Appointed. 

Term  ended. 

JOSEPH  SMITH 

June  27,  1844 
Soon  after. 
1844 
Nov.    7,  1837 
Jan.    19,  1841 
April  18,  1844 
Aug.  29,  1877 
June  22.  1868 
Mar.  ii,  1854 
Dec.     i,  1856 
Aug.  29,  1877 
Sept.    i,  1875 
August,    1877 
July    25,   i8»7 

Sept.    2,  1898 

Oct.     10,  1901 
April  12,  190  [ 

B  RICH  AM   YOUNG. 

i  Oliver  Cowdery 

..   1833 

I  Sidney  Rigdon  .  ... 
2  Fredk.G.  Williams 
2  Hyrum  Smith  
2  William  Law  

Mar.  18,  1833 

it          >  i 

Nov.    7,  183? 
Jan.    19,  1841 
Dec.     5,  1847 

" 
April   6,  1854 
Jan.      4,  1857 
Oct.     7.   1868 
Oct.    29.  1876 

Oct.    10,  1880 
K          .. 

ii 

April  7,    1889 
it          (i 

Sept.  13,  1898 
ii          ii 

Nov.  10.  1901 
«          >i 

ii          ii 

JOHN  TAYI^OI 

i  Heber  C.  Kimball 
2  Willard  Richards.. 
2  Jedediah  M.  Grant 
2  Daniel  H.  Wells... 
i  George  A.  Smith... 
2  John  W.  Young.  .  . 

WILFORD  WOODRUFF* 

i  George  Q.  Cannon 
2  Joseph  t-  Smith... 

LORENZO  SNOW  

i  George  Q.  Cannon 
2  Joseph  F.  Smith... 

JOSEPH  F.  SMITH  

i  George  Q.  Cannon 
2  Joseph  F.  Smith... 

i  John  R.  Winder... 
2  Authon  H.  Lund  .. 

Following  is  the  complete  list  of  the  quorum  of  the 
Twelve  Apostles,  the  first  twelve  being  the  first  quorum  un- 
der President  Joseph  Smith,  the  last  twelve  (with  the  excep- 
tion of  A.'  H.  Lund  called  to  the  First  Presidency,  and  A.  H. 
Cannon,  deceased),  being  the  present  quorum  under  President 
Joseph  F.  Smith: 

Lyman  E.  Johnson,  Brigham  Young,  Heber  C.  Kimball, 
Orson  Hyde,  David  W.  Patten,  Luke  S.  Johnson,  William  E. 
McLellin,  John  F.  Boynton,  Orson  Pratt,  William  Smith, 
Thomas  B.  Marsh,  Parley  P.  Pratt,  John  E.  Page,  John 

*  President  Woodruff  was  appointed  nearly  two  years  after  the  death  of 
President  Taylor,  and  during  the  interregnum  the  Presidency  was  conducted 
by  the  Twelve  Apostles  Twice  before  the  Twelve  had  thus  presided— in  the 
interregnum  between  the  death  of  Joseph  Smith  and  the  Presidency  proper 
of  Brigham  Young;  and  from  the  latter's  death  to  the  Presicency  proper  of 
John  Tavlor. 


THE  MORMON  CHURCH.  31 

Taylor,  Wilford  Woodruff,  George  A.  Smith,  Willard  Rich- 
ards, Lyman  Wight,  Amasa  M.  Lyman,  Ezra  T.  Benson, 
Charles  C.  Rich,  Lorenzo  Snow,  Erastus  Snow,  Franklin  D. 
Richards,  George  Q.  Cannon,  Joseph  F.  Smith,  Albert  Car- 
rington,  Moses  Thatcher,  Brigham  Young,  Jr.,  Francis  M. 
Lyman,  John  H.  Smith,  George  Teasdale,  Heber  J.  Grant, 
John  W.  Taylor,  Marriner  W.  Merrill,  Anthon  H.  Lund, 
Abraham  H.  Cannon,  Matthias  F.  Cowley,  Abraham  O. 
Woodruff,  Rudger  Clawson,  Reed  Smoot,  Hyrum  M.  Smith. 

The  Presiding  Patriarchs:  Joseph  Smith,  Sen.,  father  of 
the  Prophet;  second,  Hyrum  Smith,  brother  of  the  Prophet; 
third,  John  Smith,  a  brother  of  the  first  Patriarch;  fourth 
incumbent,  John  Smith,  eldest  son  of  the  second  Patriarch 
and  brother  of  President  Joseph  F.  Smith. 

The  Presiding  Bishopric:  Edward  Partridge,  Newel 
K.  Whitney,  Edward  Hunter,  William  B.  Preston.  Counsel- 
ors: Isaac  Morley,  John  Corrill,  Parley  P.  Pratt,  Titus 
Billings,  Leonard  W.  Hardy,  Jesse  C.  Little,  Robert  T. 
Burton,  John  R.  Winder,  Orrin  P.  Miller. 

John  Whitmer  was  the  first  Church  Historian  and 
Anthon  H.  Lund  is  the  present  one,  with  Andrew  Jensen,  O« 
F.  Whitney,  A.  M.  Musser  and  B.  H.  Roberts  assistants. 

To  follow  the  list  of  Church  officials  further  and  give 
more  of  its  history  and  procedure  would  be  to  encroach 
upon  the  space  allotted  to  this  subject,  also  upon  the 
works  of  other  writers  who  have  given  everything  in  extenso, 
and  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  further  information  as  to 
such  matters.*  Therefore,  after  the  subjoined  paragraphs,  fol- 
lowed by  a  personal  sketch  of  the  great  leader  and  colonizer, 
this  phase  of  the  book  will  be  departed  from  altogether  ex- 
cept incidentally. f 

The  following  hymn  gives  a  fair  idea  of  one  of  the  cardi- 

*  "History  of  the  Church,"  B.  H.  Roberts;  "History  of  Utah,"  O.  F. 
Whitney;  "Prophets  and  Patriarchs,"  M.  F.  Cowley;  "Articles  of  Faith, "J- 
E.  Talmage,  and  other  publications. 

t  Personal  sketches  occur  in  appropriate  departments  further  along. 


32 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


nal  features  of  the  Mormon  doctrine.  It  is  from  the  pen  of 
Eliza  R.  Snow.  This  gifted  woman  was  a  wife  of  the  Prophet 
Joseph  Smith  and  afterwards  of  President  Brigham  Young; 
she  died  December  5,  1887.  To  hear  the  hymn  rendered 
by  the  great  Tabernacle  choir  with  the  accompaniment  of 
the  grand  organ  is  to  cause  even  the  unbeliever  to  experience 
a  feeling  which,  for  the  time  at  least,  robs  death  of  its  ter- 
rors and  puts  the  fleeting,  sinful  things  of  life  outside  the 
pale  of  thought : 


1  Oh      my  Fa  -    thir 

2  For      a  wise      and 

3  I          had  learn  d-   to 

4  When    I  leave     rtm 


Thou  that  dwellest  In        the  high       and  glon-  ou» 

glon-  ous  pur-pose  Thon  hast  placed     me  here     on- 

call    Thee  Fa-  thert  Thro'  Thy  Spir    -    it  from    on 

frail      ex  -  ist-ence.  When    I      lay       this  mor  -  tal 


place'  When  shall  I      re 


gam  Thy  presence.  And  a  -  gain 
arth.  And  withheld    the        rec    ol-  tec-  lion    Of   my    form    -    er  friends  and   birth."      Yet  oft- 


be  -  hold  Thy    -face  »        In  Thy 


high.  But.'nn  -  til     the      Key  of  Knowledge  Waa  re- stored.     .1     knew   not   wh 
by     -.  Fa-  trier.  Moth-er         may     I  meet  you    In    the  roy          al   charts  on 


In    the 
Thon.  at 


n — r 


ho  -  ly  ^  hah-  i  -  ta-  lion.  Did  my  spir  -  iLonce  re- Bide7  ID  my  first  pn  -  me-  val 
times  a  se-cret  something  Whisper'd"  You're  a  stranger  here  ."  And  I  fell  tliat  I  had 
heav  n<«  *re  parent »  sin-gle '  No .  the  thought  makes  reason1  stare  '  Truth  is  rca  -  son  .  truth  e  - 
leu^th  when  I  vecom-plet^ed  All  you  sent  me  forth  to  do.  With  your  mumal  ap-  pro- 


«                 rtt. 

'^A 

A 

!—  rT'vS 

dim. 

m  ^  r-|  1  T  T  m 

a' 

l(or  ^  r   r  — 

3=1 

I  :   rhEiqqoLj:  

t^j 

child-  hood, 
wandered 

Waa 
•From 

I 

a 

nur  - 
more 

tared  near  Thy     side    »  .  - 
«x-  alt  -  ed      sphere.     .  . 

ter  -   nal 

Tells 

me 

I've 

a  moth-  er      there.    .  .  . 

ba       tion 

Let 

me 

come 

and  dwell  wiih  you.  .      .  . 

THE  MODERN  MOSES. 


"THAT'S  HIM!" 

This  distinctly  juvenile  ejaculation  was  uttered  by  a  play- 
mate of  the  writer's,  whose  acquaintance  had  been  picked  up 
shortly  after  arrival  in  Zion,  and  who  had  been  under  a  prom- 


THE  MORMON  CHURCH. 


33 


ise  to  point  out  the  renowned  individual  at  the  very  first  op- 
portunity. 

Brigham  Young!  A  man  I  had  read  of  and  heard  talked 
about  times  without  number  in  the  then  far-away  States  of 
Missouri  and  Kentucky,  until  the  conclusion  had  grown  within 
my  youthful  mind  that  he  was  altogether  the  biggest  man 
that  ever  lived,  with  the  possible  exception  of  General  Jack- 
son. The  well  animadverted  fact  that  he  was  not  prone  to 

excessive  economy  in  the 
matter  of  connubiality  had 
but  served  to  add  the  spice 
of  originality  to  the  stories 
regarding  him,  and  when  the 
"folks"  packed  up  and  pulled 
out  for  the  land  of  promiser 
the  expectation  that  with  my 
own  natural  eyes  I  should 
look  upon  the  uncaged  and 
untamed  lion  of  the  day  in 
-pro^ria  persona  overshad- 
owed all  other  considerations 
of  the  time. ...  At  last,  after 
a  weary  pilgrimage  and  a  so- 
journ of  a  few  weeks,  the 
circumstance  which  gave 
rise  to  the  exclamation  above 

set  out  occurred.     Yes,  it  was  indeed  he.     I  had  seen  him  at 
last  and  was  permitted  to  live  and  tell  about  it  afterwards. 

At  the  time  spoken  of  and  up  to  his  death  he  was  quite 
portly,  weighing  something  over  two  hundred  pounds,  and  he 
was  about  five  feet  eight  inches  in  height.  A  profile  view 
gave  his  head  very  much  the  appearance  of  a  lion's,  and  his 
countenance  was  plain  but  regular  and  massive.  He  wa& 
light  complexioned  with  an  inclination  to  auburn,  his  hair, 


BRIGHAM  YOUNG  IN  1875.* 


*  This  picture  shows  him  less  rugged  looking  and  with  a  longer  beard  than  at 
the  time  mentioned  at  the  beginning  of  this  sketch— about  1861. 


34  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

which  was  worn  tolerably  long,  having  a  slight  disposition  to 
curl.  A  fringe  of  beard  extended  from  ear  to  ear,  the  upper 
lip  and  part  of  the  chin  being  smooth.  The  eyes  were  bluish 
and  mild  but  penetrating,  and  his  lips  came  together  like  the 
jaws  of  a  bear  trap,  his  great  firmness  and  determination  be- 
ing thus  physiognomically  shown.  His  foot  came  down  with 
firmness  but  elasticity,  and,  despite  his  years  and  heaviness, 
he  was  quite  active.  He  was  dressed  in  black  throughout, 
his  clothes  being  neither  fashionably  cut  nor  altogether  out  of 
the  fashion,  the  general  appearance  being  that  of  a  well-to-do 
eastern  farmer  with  his  Sunday  clothes  on. 

I  had  many  opportunities  of  seeing  him  after  that  and 
finally  became  quite  well  acquainted.  It  is  a  circumstance 
which  is  mentioned  with  no  little  pride,  that  he  seemed  to  take 
quite  kindly  to  me,  and  I  learned  to  regard  him  very  highly. 

One  peculiarity  that  was  quite  observable  was,  he  never 
broke  out  into  laughter,  however  much  he  might  be  amused, 
which  was  by  no  means  infrequently,  a  broad  smile  or  a 
chuckle  being  the  limit  to  which  his  risibilities  were  permitted 
to  go.  He  was  fond  of  theatricals  when  properly  conducted, 
and  always  kept  a  reserved  seat  in  the  Salt  Lake  Theater, 
which  he  occupied  when  the  play  suited  him  and  there  was 
nothing  to  call  him  away;  and  he  was  quite  fond  of  dancing. 
It  would  be  a  great  mistake  to  suppose  that  because  of  his 
bulkiness  or  otherwise  he  was  clumsy  or  awkward:  far  from 
it.  He  led  his  partner  through  the  figures  of  a  quadrille  like 
a  cavalier,  without  missing  a  step  or  losing  a  note,  but  round 
dancing  he  would  have  none  of,  and  was  opposed  to  its  being 
engaged  in  by  others. 

If  any  characteristic  of  his  nature  was  more  striking  than 
his  spirituality  at  all  times  and  under  all  circumstances,  it  was 
his  strict  attention  to  practical  things  at  the  same  times  and 
places.  Believing  with  a  belief  that  absolutely  excluded  con- 
jecture, in  a  God  of  body,  parts  and  passions,  who  not  only 
speaks  words  of  comfort,  hope  and  direction  to  such  as  are 
qualified  to  receive  them,  but  works  and  consummates  by 


THE  MORMON  CHURCH.  35 

physical  agencies,  and  is  as  interested  in  our  work-a-day  as 
in  our  spiritual  affairs,  Brigham  exemplified  his  belief  in  his 
sayings  and  doings.  Faith  without  works  to  correspond  was 
an  engine  without  steam,  and  a  religion  that  did  not  reach  to 
the  practical  things  of  life  comprehended  but  a  part  of  the 
things  which  relate  to  our  well  being.  God  would,  he  be- 
lieved, tell  us  what  to  say  in  the  pulpit  or  the  press,  also  how 
to  properly  lay  out  a  garden  or  name  a  child.  When  the  Co- 
operative system  of  merchandising  was  introduced  and  be- 
came a  part  of  the  practical  workings  of  the  Church,  the 
words  ''Holiness  to  the  Lord"  surmounted  the  other  words  of 
the  sign  above  the  door.  "God  will  call,  persuade,  direct  us 
right,"  but  He  "will  force  no  soul  to  heaven,"  and  we  are  pre- 
sumed to  employ  to  the  fullest  extent  of  our  capacity  the  abil- 
ities which  we  have,  and  not  lie  supinely  upon  our  backs  ex- 
pecting Him  to  do  and  conclude  for  us.  Therefore,  Brigham, 
while  implicitly  relying  upon  the  protection  of  the  Lord,  kept 
a  goodly  guard  about  him  when  the  enemy  was  nigh,  took 
weapons  along  with  him  when  he  went  away  from  home,  and 
no  doubt  availed  himself  of  recognized  remedies  when  at- 
tacked by  physical  ailments.  To  sum  it  all  up,  he  believed  in 
God  but  kept  his  powder  dry;  and  if  anyone,  thinking  that, 
because  of  his  immovable  spirituality  and  devotion  to  biblical 
injunctions,  if  he  were  struck  on  one  cheek  the  other  would 
be  turned,  the  striker  would  undoubtedly  have  met  with  a 
sudden  and  painful  surprise. 

One  of  the  many  creations  of  the  practical  side  of  his  life 
is  the  great  Tabernacle  in  Salt  Lake  City,  which  has  a  capac- 
ity of  10,000  people  and  which  contains  one  of  the  greatest 
organs  in  point  of  size  and  one  of  the  best  as  to  tone  and 
volume  in  the  world.  It  is  understood  that  Brigham  was  the 
chief  authority  in  the  matter  of  design  and  he  had  pretty 
much  his  own  way  as  to  every  detail;  it  might  as  well  be 
mentioned  here  that  there  were  few  proceedings  in  which  he 
took  an  active  part  that  he  did  not  exercise  the  veto  power 
whenever  he  felt  disposed,  and  that  settled  the  matter  conclu- 


36  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

sively.  While  the  work  of  building  was  under  way  he  sel- 
dom permitted  a  day  to  pass  without  a  long  personal  visit, 
and  it  is  a  fact  that  on  such  occasions  nothing  of  consequence 
ever  escaped  his  all  but  matchless  scrutiny.  At  one  of  these 
times  he  was  apparently  overlooking  things  in  a  general  way 
but  had  a  sidelong  glance  fixed  on  a  carpenter  who  was  try- 
ing to  drive  a  screw  home  with  a  hammer.  This  was  too 
much  for  the  great  supervisor  to  ignore.  Approaching  the 
man  he  said  in  a  pleasant  tone,  "Brother  Blank,  did  you  ever 
notice  that  little  seam  in  the  head  of  a  screw?"  "Oh,  yes," 
was  the  reply.  "Well,"  continued  the  questioner,  "I  wonder 
what  that  was  made  for!"  The  workman  smiled  vaguely  and 
reached  for  a  screwdriver. 

When  the  Tabernacle  was  at  last  finished,  a  publication 
conducted  by  some  recent  seceders  from  the  Church  pro- 
nounced it  an  acoustic  failure,  and  indeed  the  first  tests  made 
it  so  appear,  but  it  did  not  remain  so  and  ere  long  it  became 
a  favorite  practice  of  tourists  to  stand  at  one  end  of  the  struc- 
ture and  hear  a  dropped  pin  strike  the  floor  at  the  other. 

His  family  was  very  large  and  quite  interesting,  being 
somewhat  of  a  colony  in  itself. .  They  had  their  own  store, 
their  own  schools  and  school  house,  and  lived  in  a  general 
way  very  much  on  the  community  plan.  Eighteen  wives, 
forty  odd  children  of  all  ages  from  nursing  infancy  up  to  the 
marriageable  period,  many  supported  or  visiting  inmates  who 
were  not  related,  and  some  domestics,  was  about  the  size  of 
the  household,  and  those  who  believe  that  by  reason  of  its 
"bigness"  or  from  any  other  reason  it  was  disorderly  or  con- 
fused or  at  "outs"  one  part  with  another,  have  not  been  cor- 
rectly informed.  There  has  never  in  any  domestic  establish- 
ment of  modern  times  been  more  perfect  order,  more  syste- 
matic conduct,  more  good  behavior  or  more  general  good 
will  always  prevailing.  The  first  thing  in  the  morning  and 
the  last  thing  at  night  the  family,  guests  and  servants  assem- 
bled in  the  great  parlor  and  engaged  in  prayer,  the  invoca- 
tion being  first  by  one,  then  another,  none  being  barred  on 


THE  MORMON  CHURCH.  37 

account  of  age  or  sex  except  in  the  case  of  the  very  young, 
and  it  was  much  the  same  at  the  meals.  Cleanliness  in  every- 
thing was  rigidly  observed,  and  each  family,  living  by  itself 
in  its  own  apartments  at  all  other  times,  was  comfortably  if 
not  elegantly  provided  for.  Stories  used  to  be  wafted  abroad 
to  the  effect  that  the  women  were  jealous,  that  the  children 
quarreled  and  that  the  husband  and  father  at  such  and  even 
at  other  times  was  harsh  if  not  cruel  in  his  demeanor  to- 
ward them.  No  greater  falsehood  was  ever  circulated,  and 
this  is  saying  a  good  deal.  From  personal  observation  as 
well  as  abundant  other  evidence,  I  say  most  unequivocally 
that  there  never  was  a  kinder,  more  impartial  man  to  his 
family;  indeed,  he  was  rather  given  to  indulging  them  over 
much. 

Brigham  Young's  greatness  of  organization,  leadership 
and  administration  cannot  be  comprehended  in  a  thought  or 
even  several  thoughts.  What  he  did  and  what  he  accom- 
plished together  with  the  circumstances  surrounding  his 
efforts  must  first  be  analyzed  and  understood.  Look  at  the 
subject  in  this  way:  It  is  an  easy  matter  to  get  and  hold  com- 
panies together  so  long  as  immediate  gain  is  the  incentive 
and  the  promise  of  and  belief  in  this  are  kept  up  to  the 
necessary  standard  to  feed  the  appetite  of  cupidity.  But  to 
hold  a  large  company  of  people  together  when  no  promises 
are  given,  when  the  certainty  of  fatigue,  danger  and  priva- 
tion is  ever  present  and  always  prominent,  with  nothing  better 
to  hope  for  for  a  long  time  to  come  if  at  all;  to  pilot  them 
into  the  most  unknown,  forbidding  and  dangerous  places  on 
the  continent  and  cause  them  to  bear  somewhat  cheerfully 
their  burdens;  to  be  able  to  "silence  growling  mutiny  or  bold 
revolt"  when,  through  some  unforeseen  and  unavoidable  cir- 
cumstance a  misfortune  occurs;  to  keep  such  a  surveillance 
over  details  that  nothing  escapes  attention,  whether  on  the 
road,  in  camp  or  at  the  final  stopping  place;  to  so  supervise 
matters  in  the  new  community  that  order  will  spring  out  of 
chaos,  that  those  who  have  may  properly  invest  it  and  those 


38 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


who  have  not  may  be  put  in  the  way  of  getting;  to  be  a 
solace  to  the  afflicted,  a  comfort  to  the  oppressed,  a  guide  to 
the  bewildered,  a  menace  to  the  wayward  and  a  source  of 


THE  PIONEER  MONUMENT  AND  BRIGHAM  YOUNG'S  STATUE. 


discipline,  regularity  and  propriety  to  all — to  be  and  do  these 
in  the  midst  of  such  circumstances  means  to  be  a  statesman 
and  a  benefactor  whose  name  and  fame  are  secure  for  all 
time. 


THE  MORMON  CHURCH.  39- 

The  great  leader  was  by  no  means  an  educated  man  and 
vet  he  was  far  from  being  an  ignorant  one,  and  he  estab- 
lished as  well  as  encouraged  schools  of  all  grades  to  the 
fullest  extent  of  the  possibilities.  He  was  not  an  orator,  yet 
when  animated  or  provoked,  words  of  appropriateness  and 
power  fell  from  his  lips  in  a  torrent,  the  listener  being  held 
as  in  a  spell.  He  was  acquisitive  to  a  marked  degree,  but 
was  not  penurious  or  at  all  lacking  in  genuine  generosity. 
Even  if  Mormonism  had  not  found  and  held  him,  he  would 
have  been  a  man  of  mark,  a  leader,  a  commander  perhaps  in 
whatever  community  his  fortunes  had  been  cast.  He  could 
not  have  been  kept  in  the  ranks  anywhere.  He  was  born 
June  i,  1801,  at  Whitingham,  Vt.,and  died  August  29,  1877, 
at  Salt  Lake  City. 

A  lecture  on  this  subject  by  the  writer  was  published  in 
condensed  form  in  \hejuvenile  Instructor  of  September  i5th 
and  October  ist,  1897.  The  following  extract  therefrom,  be- 
ing somewhat  of  a  personal  tribute,  will  be  a  fitting  conclu- 
sion to  this  chapter: 

His  is  one  of  the  names  that  live  and  grow  on  and  on 
with  the  years,  while  all  of  them  that  is  mortal  reposes  be- 
neath the  sod.  It  is  only  when  we  contemplate  the  character 
and  the  fullness  of  one's  work  in  the  light  of  its  results  to 
succeeding  generations  that  we  realize  how  great  and  good, 
or  the  reverse,  such  work  was,  and  by  reason  of  this  the 
present  generation  is  able  to  form  a  more  comprehensive 
estimate  of  Brigham  Young's  achievements  and  personal 
worth  than  could  the  generation  in  which  he  lived.  The 
master  mind,  the  iron  will,  the  undaunted  soul,  the  pioneer- 
ing instinct  and  the  religious  zeal  by  means  of  which  civiliza- 
tion was  planted  and  the  State  reared  on  this  soil  were  all 
marked  features  of  the  wonderful  man.  At  the  head  of  a 
band  containing  men  and  women  of  different  minds,  inclina- 
tions and  instincts,  all  more  or  less  unseasoned  to  the  rigors 
of  such  a  journey  as  lay  before  them,  all  previously  in  pos- 
session of  the  necessary  things  and  many  of  the  comforts  of 


40  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

% 

life  and  therefore  the  victims  now  and  then  of  despondency, 
discouragement  and  weakness,  he  was  at  all  times,  in  all 
places  and  under  all  circumstances  equal  to  every  emergency. 
Wnether  infusing  new  hope  into  one  of  the  faint-hearted  by 
means  of  cheering  words,  adding  strength  to  the  weary  by 
example  and  precept,  strengthening  by  his  testimony  the 
faith  of  those  who  through  hunger  and  other  suffering  had 
became  disheartened,  quelling  any  discontent  that  manifested 
itself  in  words  and  acts  by  such  sternness  as  the  occasion 
demanded,  or  infusing  new  courage  into  those  who  needed 
it  by  his  own  intrepid  and  dauntless  manner,  in  every  vicissi- 
tude he  never  forgot  his  position,  never  abated  one  jot  of  his 
native  dignity,  and  never  failed  in  his  purpose.  He  was  a 
guide  whose  unerring  leadership  was  not  the  result  of  ex- 
perience, but  of  inspiration;  a  shepherd  whose  flock  never 
strayed  or  broke  apart,  not  because  of  constant  watching, 
driving  or  threatening,  but  by  reason  of  that  masterful  power 
of  imparting  organization  and  cohesiveness  which  was  his 
natural  heritage;  a  general  who  even  made  the  savages 
of  the  desert  allies  rather  than  enemies.  With  a  breadth  of 
view  and  comprehensiveness  of  the  whole  situation  which  but 
few  possessed  and  fewer  still  would  exercise,  he  caused  his 
people  to  become  husbandmen  at  once,  to  the  exclusion  of 
other  immediate  pursuits.  Realizing  that  the  words  of 
George  Washington,  that  "agriculture  is  the  most  useful,  the 
most  honorable  and  the  most  healthful  occupation  of  man" 
were  true  but  still  only  a  part  of  the  truth  so  far  as  related 
to  the  Pioneers,  it  became  their  imperative  duty  to  provide 
first  for  the  inner  man,  and  let  the  outer  man  be  a  subsequent 
consideration.  Hunger  must  be  assuaged  before  any  other 
means  of  yielding  comfort  to  the  human  animal  are  attended 
to,  because  prolonged  hunger  means  death  in  lingering  tor- 
ments, and  any  phase  of  it  such  discomfort  that  the  victim  is 
more  or  less  disqualified  for  the  time  being  from  doing  any- 
thing beyond  appeasing  his  appetite.  What  mattered  it  to 
that  hardy,  determined  band  that  the  surrounding  hills,  silent 


THE  MORMON  CHURCH.  41 

and  frowning  in  their  awful  majesty,  were  the  repositories  of 
incalculable  treasures  of  gold,  silver  and  precious  gems? 
These  could  not  be  eaten  or  worn,  nor  could  their  possession 
be  of  the  slightest  assistance,  because  there  was  nothing  to 
buy  with  them.  The  other  storehouses  of  nature  must  be 
appealed  to  and  relied  on,  for  therein  lay  the  only  hope  of  res- 
cue from  the  unseen  but  still  ever  present  hand  of  the  de- 
stroyer. To  have  gone  hunting  precious  metals,  or  do  ^any- 
thing other  than  what  was  done — break  up  the  virgin  soil  and 
plant  that  physical  aliment  might  follow — would  have  been 
but  to  meet  the  destruction  which  was  ever  ready  and  willing 
to  come  without  being  met.  And  yet  many  men,  even  under 
such  circumstances,  knowing  or  believing  that  in  the  great 
upheavals  of  the  West  were  mineral  deposits  of  vast  value, 
and  that  they  were  surrounded  by  them  on  all  sides,  would 
have  acted  differently.  So  great  is  the  disposition  in  a.  ma- 
jority of  the  race  of  man  to  acquire  wealth  more  rapidly  and 
abundantly  than  by  patient  toil,  that  they  seldom  consider  that 
mere  possessions  are  not  of  necessity  riches — that  only  those 
things  in  life  which  sustain  or  add  to  its  comfort  and  happi- 
ness constitute  real  values.  The  possession  of  all  the  glitter- 
ing gold,  the  blazing  silver  and  the  sparkling  stones  repos- 
ing fn  the  rocky  breasts  of  our  mountains  would  not  have 
made  the  Pioneers  wealthy  under  such  circumstances;  let  the 
agricultural  basis  be  first  established  upon  a  firm  and  stead- 
fast footing,  and  then  such  possessions  would  add  to  their 
wealth, but  not  otherwise;  and  realizing  this,  Brigham  did  not 
encourage  the  mining  industry  until,  with  fertile  fields  in  every 
valley  and  bounteous  gardens  in  every  settlement,  the  people 
were  placed  beyond  the  reach  of  famine.  So  soon  as  all  had 
enough  and  to  spare,  when  they  were  able  to  flank  the  fields 
of  golden  metal  with  fields  of  golden  grain  and  exchange 
some  of  one  for  some  of  the  other  without  imperiling  the 
household,  the  opposition  to  mining  began  to  wane  and  finally 
not  only  disappeared  altogether,  but  was  encouraged.  Cannot 
the  wayfarer,  even  though  a  fool,  realize  how  statesmanlike 


42  UTAH  AS  IT  JS. 

such  a  policy  has  shown  itself  to  be?  As  a  plain  matter  of 
fact,  the  indisputable  demonstrations  of  which  appear  on  every 
hand,  Brigham  Young  was  not  opposed  to  anything  that  had 
a  tendency  to  advance,  improve  or  upbuild  mankind;  more, 
he  was  heartily  in  favor  of  such  things  and  gave  them  not 
only  his  moral  but  his  material  support.  He  was  a  friend  to 
advancement  so  long  as  it  was  along  moral  and  beneficial 
lines,  but  opposed  to  it  when  it  led  to  or  accompanied  vice  or 
crime.  So  far  from  looking  upon  the  advent  of  the  Pacific 
railway,  with  the  non-Mormon  accessions  which  it  would 
surely  bring,  with  disfavor  or  regret,  he  gave  it  every  en- 
couragement in  his  power,  and  when  it  was  determined  that 
it  should  leave  the  metropolis  of  Utah  far  to  the  south,  where- 
by great  losses  to  itself  and  inconvenience  to  the  people  would 
result,  his  was  the  first  voice  raised  to  have  an  independent 
road  constructed  by  means  of  which  the  principal  city  of  the 
commonwealth  would  be  in  close  touch  with  the  great  artery 
of  commerce  whose  construction  the  Pioneers  had  advanced 
by  their  presence  here  fully  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He 
hailed  the  coming  of  the  Pacific  telegraph  with  unfeigned 
delight  and  forwarded  its  construction  in  more  ways  than  one. 
There  be  those  in  this  life  who  will  see  no  good  if  there 
is  anything  else  to  see.  Such  will  see  no  beauty  in  the  rose 
because  it  is  associated  with  thorns,  and  find  the  face  of  the 
glorious  god  of  day  to  be  unbecoming  because  now  and  then 
appear  blotches  on  it.  In  a  life  filled  with  great  achieve- 
ments, accomplished  for  the  most  part  in  spite  of  discourage- 
ments and  temporary  reverses,  such  people  can  discern 
nothing  creditable  if  the  person  be  human  with  a  measure  of 
human  frailties.  They  admit,  since  they  have  to,  that  Brig- 
ham  Young  led  the  Pioneer  band  across  an  unknown  desert 
into  a  barren  land,  kept  them  together  and  maintained  a 
watch  over  their  welfare  until  they  became  more  prosperous 
and  happier  than  in  the  place  from  which  they  had  been  ban- 
ished; but  this  all  counts  for  nothing — "He  was,  after  all,'r 
they  say,  "a  despot  who  ruled  with  a  rod  of  iron,  a  fanatic 


THE  MORMON  CHURCH.  43 

who  could  not  separate  religion  from  the  ordinary  affairs  of 
life."  Very  well;  suppose  we  concede  this  for  the  time  being. 
Men's  minds  are  not  directed  nor  their  actions  controlled  in 
great  emergencies  by  those  who  assume  to  lead  without  quali- 
ties of  leadership,  and  there  can  be  no  leadership  without  the 
presence  of  a  large  quantity  of  iron  in  the  soul;  this  makes  a 
man  stern  when  sternness  is  required,  immovable  when  all 
around  him  is  wavering,  unshaken  in  the  presence  of  Timor- 
ous and  Mistrust.  In  other  words,  such  quality  sets  him  in 
opposition  to  the  weakling,  the  faint-hearted,  the  dissident 
and  the  adversary,  and  enables  him  to  overcome  one  and  all, 
thus  accomplishing  the  general  object  originally  sought. 
Anything  less  than  this  would  fail,  and  with  such  failure  the 
cornmon  cause  would  go  down;  and  the  exercise  of  such 
power  is  what  the  world  calls  despotism — tyranny,  even.  This 
is  a  grievous  thing  when  wielded  by  such  as  Nero,  Caligula 
or  Marat,  but  a  grand  thing  when  the  means  by  which  results 
beneficial  to  mankind  are  wrested  from  the  unwilling  hands  of 
nature.  Those  who  were  able  to  work  had  to  do  their  fair 
proportion;  the  dishonest  were  summarily  dealt  with;  to  the 
criminal  was  meted  out  a  biblical  measure  of  punishment;  and 
those  who  practiced  immorality  were  given  the  option  of  go- 
ing away  or  plying  their  vocation  at  their  peril.  These  rules 
were  not  like  some  of  the  laws  on  our  statute  books  today— 
they  were  not  written  at  all,  as  a  matter  of  fact — but  they  were 
enforced.  The  fanaticism  complained  of  conceived  them,  the 
despotism  to  which  objection  is  made  enforced  them.  A  tree 
is  to  be  judged  by  its  fruit,  and  were  not  the  objectionable 
qualities  pointed  out  as  characteristics  of  Brigham  Young 
more  beneficial  to  our  race  and  more  advantageous  to  our 
time  than  anything  else  could  possibly  have  been  in  the  pres- 
ence of  such  circumstances  as  surrounded  him  and  his  peo- 
ple? I  reiterate — a  less  determined  man  must  have  failed  ig- 
nominiously  at  every  point;  he  failed  at  no  point  and  at  no 
time,  and  we  are  in  full  possession  of  the  benefits  resulting 
from  his  success.  Is  it  not  the  part  of  gratitude,  if  not  of 


44  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

justice,  to  consider   this   and  let  the   rest  go,  if  there  be  any 
"rest"  to  consider? 

No  bright  auguries  attended  the  birth,  no  sibyls  issued 
weird  predictions  and  no  unusual  demonstrations  on  the  earth 
or  in  the  air  denoted  the  advent  of  the  man  Brigham  Young. 
There  was  no  horoscope  cast,  no  prefigurement  by  mystic 
lore  as  to  what  he  was  to  be  and  what  he  was  to  do.  But  it 
was  all  forecast  and  the  work  which  began  when  he  began 
could  not  have  had  its  beginning  without  him.  The  preces- 
sion of  the  equinoxes  was  not  disturbed,  the  diurnal  rotations 
of  the  earth  went  on  without  a  jar,  there  was  no  commotion 
in  the  solar  system  as  it  revolves  within  itself  and  speeds  upon 
the  wings  of  light  upon  its  limitless  course  through  the 
depths  of  space,  when  he  or  any  one  else  of  mortal  clay 
was  born;  but  shall  we  not  say  that  some  bright,  particular 
star  hovers  over  and  directs  the  course  of  each  and  every  one 
whose  career  shapes  the  destinies  of  so  many  of  his  race  and 
makes  and  unmakes  the  lines  which  separate  states  and  na- 
tions? We  read  and  understand  that  the  shepherds  \vere 
guided  to  the  lowly  manger  where  unswathed  lay  the  Infant 
whose  mission  then  unfolded  and  unknown  was  the  redemp- 
tion and  restoration  of  mankind;  and  why.  in  the  light  of 
present  knowledge  and  surrounding  circumstances,  may  we 
not  look  backward  through  the  vista  of  years  and  see  shining 
brightly  over  the  birthplace  of  Brigham  Young,  not  a  star 
leading  to  Divinity,  but  one  proceeding  from  it — the  star 
whose  majestic  sweep  was  first  from  the  foetid  and  despotic 
dynasties  beyond  the  sea,  then  from  the  crowded  seaboard  to 
the  open  and  inviting  valleys  of  the  West,  thence  along  a  hid- 
den trail  which  only  the  eye  of  inspiration  could  discern, 
across  trackless  wastes  to  the  future  corner-stone  of  civiliza- 
tion past  the  dome  of  the  American  continent!  It  was  the 
STAR  OF  EMPIRE  which  arose  upon  and  hovered  over  him 
till  his  work  was  done,  the  sway  of  enlightenment  established, 
the  darkness  and  dreariness  of  the  past  banished  forever  from 
the  haunts  of  men.  The  time  came  and  he  came.  New  light, 


THE  MORMON  CHURCH. 


45 


new  measures  must  come  upon  the  earth,  so  the  unseen  but 
all-controlling  power  swung  aside  the  gates  behind  which 
from  the  dawn  of  our  race  was  held  in  restraint  the  new  era; 
and  as  the  clouds  uplifted,  the  mists  dispersed,  and  a  glimpse 
of  the  far-off  land  appeared  before  the  restless,  wondering 
gaze  of  mankind,  the  question  arose — Who  shall  dare  to  lead 
us  to  it,  who  will  make  the  pathway  and  establish  the  haven 
of  safety  at  the  end?  The  angel  of  Destiny  answered,  placing 
her  hand  upon  his  head,  saying:  "He  is  here;  this  is  the  man. 
He  is  lowly  and  obscure;  but  it  is  such  as  he  that  the  God  of 
Nations  singles  out  and  lifts  up  to  fight  the  battles  and  subdue 
the  terrors  of  nature.  He  will  lead  you  to  the  promised  land 
in  safety  and  establish  there  the  structure  wherein  life,  liberty 
and  the  pursuit  of  happiness  shall  find  an  abiding  place  for- 
evermore." 


THE  LAST  BESTING  PLACE. 


SOME  EARLY  EXPERIENCES 


PRETTY  HARD  LIVING. 

r  I  AHE  want  of  proper  food  was,  as  it  always  is,  a  source  of 
•*•  great  discontent  and  great  discomfort.  Such  things  as 
"square  meals"  were  not  to  be  thought  of,  at  least  they  were 
not  to  be  had.  To  give  an  idea  of  how  poorly  the  Pioneers 
fared  for  two  or  three  years.  I  will  here  reproduce  a  bill  of 
fare  for  a  Sunday  dinner  late  in  1847.  It  must  be  borne  in 
mind  that  this  was  an  exceptionally  good  meal;  for  ordinary 
occasions  several  of  these  items  would  not  appear: 

MENU. 

Soup — Puree  of  Bacon  and  Greens. 

Fish — Boiled  Sucker,  a  la  Jordan. 

Game — Ragout  of  Jack  Rabbit. 

Entrees — Bacon,  Greens,  Mountain  Air. 

Removes — Hardtack  and  Flapjacks,  with  Jokes. 

Fruit — Service  berries  and  Segoes. 
Wine — Adam's  Ale,  vin  de  City  Creek. 

Let  those  who  so  frequently  open  a  meal  with  the  query: 
"Is  there  nothing  fit  to  eat  in  the  place?" — and  they  are  quite 
numerous — look  over  the  above  array  and  then  hold  their 
peace;  and,  as  previously  suggested,  it  was  an  unusually  fine 
one,  too.  Greens  were  the  staple,  with  bacon  when  any  could 
be  got,  but  quite  frequently  without.  Even  with  the  season- 
ing, they  must  have  become  a  trifle  monotonous  after  a  while. 


SOME  EARLY  EXPERIENCES.  47 

Bacon  and  greens  are  sometimes  a  decided  luxury,  nearly 
always  so  when  their  visits  are  measurably  restricted;  but  to 
have  them  fifty  to  a  hundred  times  in  succession  would,  I 
should  think,  blunt  the  keenest  appetite  for  such  delicacies. 
Nowadays,  people  have  nothing  worth  naming  unless  they 
can  waste  more  than  some  of  the  Pioneers  used  at  a  meal. 
Tempora  mutantur,  etc. 

The  fish  item  in  the  bill  of  fare  reminds  me  that  fishing 
in  the  Jordan  used  to  be  not  only  great  sport  but  combined 
usefulness  with  it.  This  is  a  wonderful  stream,  being  one  of 
the  most  treacherous  on  earth,  and  thereby  the  cause  of  many 
deaths.  It  is  somewhat  muddy  all  the  year  round,  except  late 
in  the  spring,  when  it  proudly  distinguishes  itself  by  being 
muddier  than  ever.  Suckers  and  chubs  of  good  size  abounded, 
and  occasionally  a  trout  was  hooked  and  borne  away  in  tri- 
umph. Nowadays  a  person  has  time  to  think  over  most  of  his 
sins  before  getting  a  bite,  but  then  the  markets  are  now  well 
stocked,  and  there  is  plenty  of  money  to  buy  fish  with — some- 
where. 

More  attention  was  bestowed  upon  the  young  crops  than 
anything  else,  and  properly  so.  They  meant  everything  in  a 
temporal  sense  to  the  State  builders,  and  were  never  too 
abundant  even  with  the  most  untiring  care.  In  the  summer 
of  1848  a  number  of  men — among  whom  was  Apostle  Parley 
P.  Pratt,  whose  alliterative  name  was  extended  by  the  titles  of 
prophet,  priest  and  poet,  and  who  was  subsequently  assassin- 
ated in  Arkansas — were  hoeing  and  in  various  ways  encourag- 
ing the  growth  of  corn  at  a  spot  near  where  the  grand  City  and 
County  building  now  stands.  The  stalks  were  few  and  far 
between,  and  from  the  descriptions  must  have  made  a  person 
think  of  home  and  friends  to  look  at  them.  They  were  dying 
for  want  of  rain,  and  upon  them  was  the  dependence  for  bread 
for  a  year  to  come.  Something  must  be  done.  All  at  once 
the  Apostle  said:  "Brethren,  I  move  that  we  have  rain!"  The 
motion  was  seconded  by  Albert  Dewey,  and  carried.  At 
once  a  cloud  no  larger  than  a  man's  hand  arose  on  the  hori- 


48 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


zon;  it  grew  and  spread,  and  in  less  than  an  hour  the  party 
were  huddled  under  a  wagon  for  shelter  from  the  downpour. 
It  came  in  torrents,  and  notwithstanding  the  shelter  every  one 
of  the  party  went  home  soaked,  but  no  one  complained  of 
that  for  an  instant.  The  crops  grew  fast  and  matured  finely; 
the  people  were  saved. 

To  the  unorthodox  mind  which  may  receive  with  some 
credence  this  true  recital,  there  will  be  but  one  expression 
regarding  the  circumstance — that  it  was  a  singular  coinci- 
dence. The  writer  has  his  own  idea  regarding  it,  but  suffice 
it  to  say  that  it  occurred  and  substantially  as  herein  stated.  It 
was  not,  however,  the  only  rescue  from  starvation  by  many. 
One  more  notable  and  general  was  a  year  later,  when  the 
growing  grain  was  threatened  by  vast  armies  of  voracious 
crickets.  They  had  not  long  practiced  their  depredations 
when  large  flocks  of  sea-gulls  dawned  upon  the  scene, 
pounced  upon  the  predatory  insects  and  devoured  them  with 


THE  MOTION  CARHIED. 


SOME  EARLY  EXPERIENCES.  49 

great  rapidity,  not  ceasing  in  their  work  till  the  menace  was 
abated.  Perhaps  this  was  a  coincidence,  too.  We  are  all 
familiar  with  the  old  chestnut  of  how  Rome  was  saved  by 
geese;  but  I  hope  this  little  recital  of  Utah  being  saved  by  sea- 
gulls may  be  a  new  thing  to  at  least  a  few  readers. 

At  this  point  it  is  proper  to  say  that  the  seagull  is  a  sa- 
cred bird  in  Utah,  having  been  fully  and  deservedly  protected 
by  law.  It  is  a  crime  severely  punishable  to  kill  one  of  them, 
and  they  seem  to  be  aware  of  it,  for  they  never  show  the 
timidity  or  alarm  of  other  birds  when  approached  by  the 


HOME  OF  UTAH'S  SACRED  BIRD-HAT  ISLAND,  IN  THE  GREAT  SALT  LAKE. 

human  animal.  Indeed,  the  gull  will  follow  with  impunity  in 
the  wake  of  the  plowman,  right  at  his  heels,  and  devour  the 
worms  which  the  furrows  turn  up.  What  a  grateful,  for- 
bearing creature  is  man  when  the  law  compels  him  to  be! 

Thus  the  people  worried  along  and  held  on  in  the  midst 
of  their  discouragements,  and  discouraged  they  must  have 
been  at  times  "hard  and  plenty."  Asking  for  bread  and  re- 
ceiving a  stone  is  a  performance  that  soon  tells  upon  the 
strongest  and  most  courageous,  so  that  now  and  then  one  who 


50  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

had  endured  faithfully  up  to  that  time  fell  by  the  way  and 
passed  to  the  rear.  The  great  body,  however,  were  by  no 
means  swayed,  but  if  anything  were  bound  more  firmly  to- 
gether and  made  more  determined  by  the  repeated  and  long- 
continued  hardships.  We  all  know  how  difficult  it  is  to 
reason  with  hungry  people;  the  hunger  will  assert  itself  to  the 
exclusion  of  other  considerations,  and  if  there  is  any  yield, 
bend  or  break  in  a  man  it  will  assuredly  show  itself  when  he 
becomes  ravenous  through  prolonged  fasting  and  the  flesh- 
pots  of  Egypt  are  promised  him  if  he  will  only  go  to  Egypt. 
Some  idea  of  the  steadfastness  of  the  colonizers  of  Utah  can 
therefore  be  had  by  considering  the  condition  of  things  pre- 
vailing until  the  community  numbered  thousands,  and  out  of 
these  not  to  exceed  a  baker's  dozen  gave  up  the  ship! 

It  began  to  look  as  if  the  people  were  to  become  inured 
to  all  kinds  of  hard  times  before  being  permitted  to  enjoy  any- 
thing in  the  line  of  good  ones,  and  so  it  proved  to  be.  One 
misfortune,  to  paraphrase  "Hamlet,"  trod  upon  another's 
heels,  so  fast  they  came.  Yet  there  was  not  as  much  com- 
plaining as  there  is  today,  with  abundance  prevailing  on  every 
hand  and  comfort  smiling  from  all  corners.  The  indurating 
experiences  of  the  people  bound  them  together  and  kept  ever 
before  them  the  sacred  compact  by  which  their  life-work  was 
gauged  and  directed,  just  as  luxuriousness  and  possessions 
have  tended  to  loosen  up  and  cause  a  drifting  apart  in  many 
instances. 

It  was  a  long  time  before  there  was  enough  even  of 
breadstuffs  to  enable  the  people  to  look  upon  their  situation 
with  entire  complacency  and  confidence,  and  until  that  time 
came  there  were  many  sorrowful  and  doubtless  some  terrible 
occasions.  During  one  of  those  years,  when  destitution  in  the 
matter  of  food  supply  was  so  nearly  reached  that  it  seemed 
as  if  the  famine  of  '48  were  to  be  gone  over  again,  Pres- 
ident Young  came  to  the  rescue  in  a  manner  so  effective  and 
yet  so  quiet  that  it  is  doubtful  if  the  reader  has  ever  heard  of 
it.  (I  gain  this  information  from  the  President's  steward-in- 


SOME  EARLY  EXPERIENCES.  51 

chief  at  that  time,  H.  G.  Park,  now  proprietor  of  the  Manitou 
Hotel  in  this  city,  who  alone  was  made  the  means  of 
carrying  out  the  plan.)  It  was  already  a  time  of  the  great- 
est scarcity,  but  a  look-ahead  eye  could  see  that  the  worst  was 
to  come.  There  was  still  some  little  flour  for  sale,  but  it  was 
held  at  such  prices  that,  so  far  as  the  majority  were  con- 
cerned, it  might  as  well  have  no  existence  at  all.  It  was  then 
that  the  President  told  Mr.  Park  to  take  some  money  with 
which  he  was  then  entrusted,  buy  up  all  the  flour  he  could 
find  for  sale  and  put  it  away  in  a  safe  place,  and  whenever  a 
case  of  actual  want  came  to  his  notice  to  relieve  it  at  once 
without  pay.  Not  a  pound  was  to  be  sold  by  him  at  any 
price,  and  no  family  or  member  of  one — the  President's  own 
not  excepted — was  to  be  favored  more  than  any  other  under 
similar  circumstances.  By  this  means  much  suffering  was 
averted,  perhaps  in  some  cases  starvation  itself  was  kept  at 
bay. 


MONEY  AND  TRADE. 

WHILE  the  object  of  the  Pioneers  and  those  who  came 
here  soon  after  the  first  settlement  was  made  was  not  the 
pursuit  of  wealth  nor  partaking  in  any  sense  of  the  nature 
of  speculation,  it  still  followed  that  transactions  between  man 
and  man  must  prevail  to  some  extent.  This  grows  into 
trade,  trade  into  business  establishments,  and  out  of  it  all 
commercial  regularity  in  one  form  or  another  to  an  extent 
governed  by  circumstances  is  brought  into  existence.  While 
at  the  first,  and  to  a  diminishing  extent  later  on,  this  may 
be  carried  on  by  means  of  barter  and  trade,  yet  there  must 
in  all  cases  come  a  time  when  all  such  systems  must  be  found 
too  burdensome  and  slow  and  some  form  of  money  be  used 
to  effect  exchanges  with.  The  Pioneers  brought  but  little 
cash  with  them,  practically  none  at  all.  There  were  two 
reasons  for  this — they  were  coming  to  a  place  where  there 


52  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

was  nothing  to  be  bought,  so  it  could  not  do  them  much 
good,  and  having  to  leave  their  property  without  compensa- 
tion as  a  general  thing,  their  earthly  possessions  did  not 
include  large  quantities  of  anything  in  particular,  especially 
money.  They  were  going  into  the  business  of  empire-build- 
ing a  "long  ways  from  anywhere,"  with  no  other  means  of 
transportation  than  their  wagons,  teams  and  ability  to  walk, 
and  with  no  other  capital  than  what  would  remain  when  the 
journey  was  completed,  their  endless  perseverance,  their 
splendid  energy,  their  dauntless  faith,  and  the  soil  upon 
which  they  settled.  The  small  quantities  of  coin,  even  if 
put  into  general  circulation,  could  not  have  accomplished 
much,  but  we  may  readily  understand  that  not  a  great  deal 
of  the  aggregate  amount  was  allowed  to  escape;  being  sur- 
rounded by  such  circumstances  as  made  other  things  of 
more  consequence,  it  was  just  as  well  to  let  the  shining  pieces 
remain  where  they  were  until  the  time  came  when  it  would 
be  advantageous  to  bring  them  forth.  This  time,  compared 
with  the  conditions  which  they  had  previously  known,  must 
have  seemed  very  long,  but  it  came  of  course. 

Improved  circumstances  necessarily  meant  an  increased 
demand  for  the  coinage  of  the  realm  or  something  in  lieu 
thereof,  so  that  values  might  be  transferred  without  having 
to  receive  corresponding  values,  but  merely  the  tokens  rep- 
resenting such  values,  in  return.  Understanding  full  well 
that  in  the  love  of  money  lies  the  chief  source  of  evil,  the 
people  also  comprehended. that  a  sufficiency  of  the  article  to 
go  around  and  simplify  things  was  many  degrees  removed 
from  evil. 

It  is  not  known  to  many,  but  is  a  fact  notwithstanding, 
that  the  first  coinage  of  the  precious  metals  on  the  Pacific 
coast  was  not  accomplished  at  either  Sacramento  or  Carson, 
but  at  Salt  Lake  City.  Returning  members  of  the  Mormon 
Battalion  had  brought  small  bags  of  "dust"  (nuggets)  with 
them  from  California,  which,  together  with  some  few  desul- 
tory finds  in  the  neighborhood,  had  made  the  ruddy  metal 


SOME  EARLY  EXPERIENCES. 


53 


tolerably  plentiful  for  a  time.  But  passing  particles  of  gold 
from  hand  to  hand  as  a  means  of  effecting  exchanges  was  a 
rather  clumsy  performance  and  necessitated  the  carrying  or 
of  having  conveniently  at  hand  a  pair  of  scales  with  which  to 
fix  the  quantity.  So  it  was  determined  to  establish  a  mint 
for  local  purposes  exclusively,  in  which  nothing  in  the  simil- 
itude of  Uncle  Sam's  coinage  should  be  brought  forth,  but 


without  alloy 
ferent  de- 
stamped  with 
the  metal 
con  ta  ined. 
made 


were 


merelypieces 
bearing  dif- 
vices  and 
the  value  of 
which  they 

The  first  dies  FIRST  COINAGE  OF  THE  WEST. 
by  John  Kay,  and  consisted  of  $2.50,  $5  and  $10  denomina- 
tions, but  the  work  was  so  inartistically  performed  that  it 
was  deemed  best  to  have  something  better,  whereupon  a 
set  of  dies  was  constructed  by  J.  M.  Barlow,  whose  product 
was  pronounced  excellent,  and  which  was  kept  up  until  or- 
dered discontinued  by  Governor  Cummings.  An  accurate 
picture  of  these  coins  appears  herewith. 

The  constantly  increasing  pilgrimage  of  Argonauts  in 
real  life  to  California  had  an  excellent  effect  in  the  direction 
of  circulating  the  money  of  the  country  among  the  people. 
It  should  be  understood  that  at  first  the  difficulties  of  the 
overland  trip,  added  to  its  great  duration,  caused  the  Pacific 
coast  business  to  be  divided  with  the  ship  lines  via  the  Isth- 
mus of  Panama,  which  was  longer  both  in  point  of  time  and 
distance  traversed  but  was  less  irksome  and  freer  from  dan- 
gers such  as  loomed  up  or  existed  insidiously  along  the  trans- 
continental trails.  Naturally,  for  a  time,  the  great  bulk  of 
the  trade  was  by  the  water  route;  but  with  the  increasing 
and  spreading  knowledge  of  the  splendidly  equipped  "half- 
way house"  which  the  Mormons  had  established,  with  its 
ramifications  constantly  extending  in  every  direction,  and  the 
certainty  of  being  able  to  cut  the  overland  journey  in  two  by 
making  Salt  Lake  the  objective  point  to  begin  with,  where 


54  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

rest,  recruiting  and  a  new  equipment  could  be  had.  there 
came  a  change.  The  ship  routes  began  to  fall  off  as  the 
wagon  roads  gained,  and  the  increased  traffic  in  the  midst  of 
the  people  hereabout  was  a  matter  of  course.  For  a  com- 
munity composed  of  a  lot  of  exiles  who  began  business  with- 
out capital  in  the  midst  of  the  American  desert  to  be  a 
competitor  of  the  great  ship  transportation  companies  oper- 
ating in  the  full  flush  of  all  manner  of  civilization,  and  a 
successful  competitor  at  that,  is  one  of  the  funniest  things, 
when  it  is  fully  considered,  I  ever  heard  of.  Mark  Twain 
tells  about  being  mired  in  the  Platte  on  an  overland  stage, 
and  extrication  for  sometime  seemed  very  doubtful;  he  then 
wondered  if,  after  having  made  two  trips  in  safety  across  the 
Atlantic  ocean  and  countless  numbers  of  them  on  the  Missis- 
sippi, he  was  destined  at  last  to  drown  in  the  heart  of  a  great 
desert!  The  humor  of  the  thing  proceeds  from  the  same 
source  in  either  case — the  contrasts  whicn  varying  nature  sur- 
rounds her  children  with. 

Well,  there  was  for  a  time  an  abundance  of  cash,  but 
the  volume  declined  as  the  overland  traffic  fell  off. correspond- 
ing with  the  gradual  shortening  of  the  gold  supply  in  Califor- 
nia and  the  increasing  influx  ot  people  there.  But  the  hardest 
part  of  the  situation  was  past,  and  with  the  assistance  derived 
the  people  could  manage  to  get  along  very  well. 


ORIGINAL  ABORIGINAL    INCIDENTS. 

FOR  a  long  time  the  Indians  were  peaceable,  even  friendly,' 
and  it  may  be  readily  comprehended  that  this  state  of  things 
was  encouraged  to  the  utmost.  Undoubtedly  the  knowledge 
on  the  part  of  the  savages  that  the  invaders  had  improved  fire- 
arms which  they  knew  how  to  use  and  always  kept  their 
powder  dry  had  its  effect;  but  it  was  not  altogether  owing  to 
this  by  any  means.  President  Young's  policy  and  that  of 


SOME  EARLY  EXPERIENCES.  55 

nearly  all  the  Pioneers  from  the  start  was  to  be  prepared 
always  for  any  possible  outbreak,  but  never  to  be  the  aggres- 
sors, never  to  deceive  or  defraud  the  Indians,  and  always  to 
treat  them  with  as  much  kindness  and  liberality  as  circum- 
stances would  permit.  What  the  red  men  lack  in  the  matter 
of  scholastic  attainments  they  make  up  for  in  native  instinct, 
this  in  some  cases  amounting  to  a  discernment  and  comprehen- 
sion of  things  which  are  actually  wonderful;  so  they  were  not 
long  in  discovering  that  all  white  people  were  not  alike,  that 
their  new  neighbors  did  not  come  among  them  to  kill,  or 
harass,  or  steal,  or  introduce  bad  habits,  and  above  all  that  the 
strangers  did  not  relv  exclusively  upon  their  firearms  nor 
superior  death-dealing  capacity  for  protection.  No;  the  Pio- 
neers only  wanted  as  much  of  the  possessors'  estate  as  could 
be  used  properly  and  profitably,  and  as  the  latter  had  no 
earthly  use  for  it — it  being  destitute  of  the  better  kind-s  of 
game  and  altogether  unproductive  without  labor — there  was 
for  a  time  not  even  a  remonstrance  against  the  new  situation. 
Thus  things  went  along  for  some  time.  While  emigrant  trains 
other  than  those  of  the  Mormons  were  compelled  to  run  the 
gauntlet  almost  every  mile  after  leaving  the '  Missouri  river, 
while  they  were  watched  continually,  whether  aware  of  it  or 
not,  their  stock  stolen  at  every  opportunity,  and  one  or  more 
and  some  times  all  of  a  company  murdered  and  mutilated,  the 
Mormons  almost  invariably  got  through  without  serious 
trouble  of  any  kind,  losing  but  little  property  and  no  lives  at 
all  from  the  cause  named  for  a  long  time. 

While  it  is  true  that  the  Indians  were  and  have  ever  re- 
mained on  terms  of  amity  with  the  Mormons  as  a  rule,  there 
have  been  some  exceptions,  but  not  many;  when  the  indis- 
criminate barbarity  of  the  savages,  as  shown  in  the  massacre 
in  1854  °f  tne  Gunnison  party — who  had  uniformly  treated 
them  kindly — is  considered,  this  condition  of  things  becomes 
little  less  than  wonderful.  It  is  also  true  that  the  Indians 
fought  each  other — the  different  tribes,  of  course — with  a  con- 
tinuity and  zest  worthy  a  better  cause.  The  placid  demeanor 


56  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

which  the  white  people  maintained  when  listening  to  a  recital 
of  a  battle  between  the  hostiles,  in  which  several  had  fallen  to 
rise  no  more,  is  suggestive  of  an  incident  which  occurred 
many  years  later,  when  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  was  in 
process  of  construction.  At  Green  River  one  of  the  working 
parties  precipitated  a  riot  which  became  general;  firearms 
were  used,  some  few  were  killed  and  many  injured  more  or 
less  severely.  In  a  terror-stricken  condition  the  telegraph 
operator — who  seems  to  have  been  about  the  only  non-com- 
batant on  the  ground — rushed  to  his  key  and  sent  a  message 
to  the  superintendent  of  construction  at  Omaha,  saying:  "A 
riot  going  on  here.  The  road  workmen  are  shooting  and 
killing  each  other.  What  shall  I  do?"  In  a  few  minutes  this 
answer  and  no  other  was  returned:  "Encourage  the  killing 
all  you  can." 

During  the  cricket  plague  previously  spoken  of,  the  pests 
were  gathered  by  the  bagful,  dried  and  ground  into  meal  by 
the  Indians,  out  of  which  a  bread  (said  to  be)  quite  nutritious 
and  palatable  was  made.  Anyway,  the  red  brethren  enjoyed 
it,  and  if  they  didn't  get  fat  on  it,  it  was  doubtless  for  the  rea- 
son that  it  is  a  difficult  matter  to  fatten  an  Indian.  In  company 
with  his  fellow  vandal  the  grasshopper,  the  cricket  still  plies 
his  unholy  vocation,  but  not  on  as  grand  a  scale  as  formerly. 
There  is  no  immediate  prospect  of  their  extinction,  either;  for, 
since  the  Indians  have  found  out  that  white  peoples'  bread  is 
preferable  and  can  be  had  as  a  general  thing  with  no  greater 
exertion  than  asking  for  it  (which  none  of  them  has  the 
slightest  hesitancy  regarding),  they  have  almost  entirely 
abandoned  cricket  cakes  and  grasshopper  stews,  and  as  a 
natural  result  about  the  only  diminution  that  befalls  the  de- 
stroyers is  such  as  is  wrought  by  those  who  raise  the  other 
kind  of  breadstuffs. 

The  first  recorded  troubles  with  the  natives  occurred 
during  the  fall  of  1849.  Provo  had  but  recently  been  estab- 
lished, the  ground  and  stream  on  which  it  was  situated  being 
(claimed  as)  the  property  of  a  tribe  or  band  known  as  the 


SOME  EARLY  EXPERIENCES.  57 

Timpanogas,  and  these  as  a  body  had  never  consented  to  the 
occupation.  Their  chiefs  (Sowiette  and  Walker),  however, 
ha'd  not  only  tolerated  the  proceeding  but  extended  an  invita- 
tion to  the  whites  to  come.  It  is  easy  to  understand  how  such 
a  situation  created  friction  and  this  increased  from  time  to 
time.  Walker's  enmity  and  treachery  were  constantly  in  evi- 
dence, and  he  had  now  an  aider  and  abettor  in  the  person  of 
a  chief  called  Elk.  The  Indians  stole  whatever  they  could 
get  hold  of,  becoming  bolder  as  time  advanced,  and  not  in- 
frequently firing  upon  those  who  were  at  times  compelled  to 
be  in  exposed  places.  At  last  an  engagement  took  place  at  a 
point  just  east  of  where  the  town  of  Pleasant  Grove  now  is, 
the  stream  on  which  it  occurred  acquiring  the  name  of  Battle 
Creek,  which  was  straining  the  proprieties  a  little,  as  the  en- 
counter was  hardly  a  "battle;"  it  was,  however,  considerable 
of  a  fight,  especially  for  those  days,  and  resulted  in  the  defeat 
and  rout  of  the  natives,  who  were  commanded — rather  indif- 
ferently, one  would  think — by  Chief  Roman  Nose.  This 
name  was  of  necessity  a  gift  of  the  white  interloper,  as  the 
red  men  knew  of  none  of  our  distinctions  regarding  the  nasal 
organ  and  had  of  course  never  heard  of  Rome,  Romans  or 
Roman  characteristics  in  all  their  lives.  Five  of  his  men  were 
slain  and  several  wounded;  the  whites,  under  Colonel  John 
Scott,  suffered  no  injuries  whatever. 

In  accordance  with  the  confessional  of  some  of  the 
Christian  sects,  the  Indians  have  done  many  things  they 
should  not  have  done  and  left  undone  some  things  they  should 
have  done,  and  the  white  transgressor  is  not  responsible  for 
all  of  it.  For  example,  the  untutored  savage  can  give  the 
white  despoiler  cards,  spades  and  an  ace  or  two  and  then  beat 
him  at  lying  anywhere  and  stealing  when  on  or  near  his  own 
heather.  He  has  a  natural  appetite  for  liquor  which  he  as- 
suages whenever  the  opportunity  is  presented,  whereby  both 
the  Government  and  the  State  have  found  it  necessary  to  en- 
act stringent  measures  involving  severe  penalties  against 
letting  Indians  have  intoxicants  of  any  kind;  and  he  smoked 


58  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


before  he  ever  beheld  a  white  transgressor.  He  is  also  no 
slouch  at  card  gambling  where  experience  has  been  had.  but 
his  perennial  impecuniosity — except  where  kept  in  surveil- 
lance and  at  work,  as  on  Government  reservations  or  in  little 
communities  adjacent  to  and  overseen  by  the  whites — has 
more  than  anything  else  perhaps  been  the  means  of  cutting 
him  out  of  a  record  in  that  always  flourishing  industry. 

The  Indian  is  cunning  and  his  proneness  to  deception 
helps  him  in  this  respect,  but  when  candid  he  is  apt  to  be 
brutally  so,  as  witness:  A  romantic  young  woman  who  might 
have  been  brought  up  within  the  precincts  of  classic  Boston 
and  whose  conception  of  the  noble  red  man  had  been  ob- 
tained from  Fennimore  Cooper's  works,  Longfellow's 
"Hiawatha"  and  similar  publications  met  her  first  Indian  face  to 
face  while  visiting  friends  in  the  far  and  (to  her)  uncivilized 
West.  The  specimen  was  a  healthy-looking,  good-sized 
buck,  well  appearing  as  Indians  go  and  not  so  dirty  as  most 
of  them,  and  on  his  face  there  appeared  from  the  midst  of  the 
paint  and  clay  an  expression  of  care  and  pain.  The  maiden 
turned  loose  on  him  in  this  gushing  style — "Alas,  noble  scion 
of  the  forest,  have  you  wandered  from  your  home  to  visit 
again  the  haunts  once  all  your  own  but  now  usurped  by  the 
ruthless  vandals  who  have  despoiled  you?  Does  it  not  afford 
you  gloomy  satisfaction  to  once  more  look  upon  the  landscape 
now  defiled  and  breathe  anew  the  air  now  made  noisome  by 
the  oppressors  of  your  race?  Is  that  why  you  look  so  soul- 
fully  sad?" 

The  "noble  scion"  seemed  to  understand  that  she  was 
asking  after  his  health  but  had  not  correctly  diagnosed  the 
case,  so  with  a  grunt  he  replied  in  all  his  native  dignity: 

"Ugh,  ugh!  Too  much  drink  whisky,  too  much  eat  sour 
beans.  Heap  dam  sick!" 

I  never  learned  what  became  of  the  girl,  but  hope  noth- 
ing serious  befell  her. 

Shortly  after  the  people  had  became  domiciled  here,  a 
begging  squaw  (some  people — heaven  help  them! — claim 


SOME  EARLY  EXPERIENCES. 


59 


they  have  seen  beautiful  squaws),  wandered  to  the  doorway 
of  Bishop  Edward  Hunter,  a  portly  Pioneer  and  one  of  the 
best  men  that  ever  wore  clothes.  Having  nothing  else  handy 
he  gave  her  a  small  piece  of  bacon,  no  doubt  the  first  she  had 
ever  had.  The  next  morning  his  front  yard  was  filled  with 
female  Indians  of  all  ages,  sizes  and,  I  was  going  to  say,  con- 
ditions in  life,  but  will  not;  the  natives  who  have  not  yet  been 
contaminated  by  the  invaders  and  brought  into  some  degree 
of  usefulness  have  but  one  condition — that  of  unceasing  want. 


NATIVE  BEAUTIES,  BIG  AND  LITTLE. 

The  cry  from  the  assembled  host  at  once  went  up — "Bishop, 
gimme  little  piece  bacon!"  Seeing  what  a  big  job  he  was  up 
against,  the  Bishop  waved  his  hand  deprecatingly  and  called 
out  with  all  the  voice  he  could  muster — "Go  'way,  squaw,  go 
'way!"  which  the  squaws  "to  a  man"  refused  to  do  until  a 
compromise  was  effected,  this  being  on  bread  and  flour.  The 


60  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

practice  holds  to  this  day,  the  few  prowlers  that  are  left  ex- 
pecting rations  at  whatever  domicile  they  happen  to  honor 
with  a  call  and  seldom  being  disappointed,  which  is  all  right, 
too. 

Some  thirty-five  years  ago  the  Navajoes  occupying  the 
southern  borders  of  Utah,  concluding  no  doubt  that  the  weak 
and  piping  times  of  peace  had  been  in  vogue  so  long  that  they 
were  getting  enervated,  concluded  to  take  the  war-path,  which 
they  inaugurated  in  the  time-honored  way  by  stealing  all  the 
white  people's  stock  they  could  find  on  the  ranges.  Some  re- 
sistance was  made  in  places  and  the  whites  got  the  worst  of 
it.  In  one  of  the  raids  Dr.  Whittemore  of  St.  George  was 
killed  and  his  body  left  where  it  fell  upon  the  snow.  Other 
snowfalls  completely  concealed  it  and  it  was  found  only  after 
a  wearisome  search  by  a  posse  which  went  out  for  the  pur- 
pose. The  men  succeeded  in  regathering  some  of  the  stock 
and  with  it  a  couple  of  young  braves  in  charge.  These  were 
separated  for  cross-examination.  Getting  an  account  of  the 
doctor's  body  from  one,  the  rescuers  then  paid  their  respects 
to  the  other.  They  began  by  saying — "This  other  Indian  has 
told  us  all  about  this  matter;  now  if  you  don't  tell  us  the  same 
thing  he  did  we  will  hang  both  of  you."  With  the  utmost 
complacency  the  savage  replied — "All  right,  what  did  he  say?" 
Notwithstanding  the  seriousness  of  the  situation,  all  hands  had 
to  laugh.  The  body  was  recovered  and  a  good  deal  of  stock 
recaptured,  but  there  was  "heaps  of  fighting"  before  it  was 
all  over,  in  which  James  Andrus,  now  Bishop  of  St.  George, 
showed  himself  to  be  one  of  the  most  intrepid  and  sagacious 
Indian  fighters  in  the  business.  There  were  others;  in  fact, 
nearly  all  the  colonizers  of  that  country  showed  that  they  could 
as  readily  employ  means  to  crush  as  to  conciliate  when  the 
latter  failed,  as  it  often  did  because  of  the  natives  construing  it 
as  a  sign  of  weakness  or  timidity.  They  learned  better  in  time 
in  the  costly  school  of  experience.  Of  course  they  learned 
slowly  and  not  so  well  that  no  watchfulness  and  care  have  not 
since  been  needed.  Before  subsiding,  however,  a  gang  of 


SOME  EARLY  EXPERIENCES.  61 

them  wantonly  slew  Franklin  B.  Woolley,  at  a  point  near  the 
Utah  line  and  the  Colorado  river,  in  Arizona;  he  was  re- 
turning from  Southern  California  with  a  load  of  goods,  and 
was  a  prominent,  respected  citizen.  The  tragedy  occurred  in 
1869.  Others  took  place  about  the  same  time,  before  and 
after,  among  them  the  more  than  savage  slaughter  in  Sanpete 
of  J.  W.  Vance  and  Heber  Houtz;  O.  P.  Miles  and  Nathan 
Tanner,  Jr.,  who  were  attacked  at  the  same  time,  escaped. 
To  enumerate  all  such  cases  would  be  quite  impossible. 

For  many  years  before  the  railroad  reached  Sanpete  an 
enterprising  cattle  thief  and  cut-throat  named  Black  Hawk,  at 
the  head  of  a  band  of  native  Boxers  who  differed  from  him  in 
rascality  only  in  degree,  made  life  for  the  whites  a  period  of 
unceasing  watchfulness  and  anxiety,  especially  to  travelers. 
The  people  came  nearer  reproducing  the  practices  of  the  Ply- 
mouth Rock  forefathers  by  taking  muskets  to  church  with 
them  than  has  been  the  case,  perhaps,  with  any  other  part  of 
the  West.  When  the  dusky  scoundrel  previously  spoken  of 
took  a  notion  for  a  fresh  supply  of  beef,  mutton  or  what  not, 
if  he  could  find  enough  outside  the  towns  to  satisfy  him  and 
could  add  to  his  trophies  a  light-haired  scalp  or  so,  well  and 
good;  otherwise  he  showed  no  false  delicacy  or  overstrained 
breeding  in  the  matter,  but  just  simply  entered  the  nearest 
town  and  levied  tribute  for  what  was  required.  It  was  gen- 
erally forthcoming.  The  depredations  of  this  prime  agent  of 
old  Satan  and  his  band,  if  enumerated  and  detailed,  would  fill 
a  volume  as  large  as  this;  and  the  suppression  of  the  gang 
was  only  effected  after  the  peace  policy  had  been  abandoned 
and  fighting  men  were  put  upon  his  trail,  which  soon  brought 
him  to  terms,  a  suitor  for  peace.  His  greatness  then  became 
a  story  of  former  days,  but  he  made  things  lively,  or  deadly, 
rather,  for  the  people  while  it  lasted.  He  numbered  his 
scalps  by  the  hundred  and  his. stolen  cattle  by  the  thousand- 
The  command  which  did  so  much  toward  extinguishing  his 
career  still  maintains  an  organized  existence  as  the  Black 
Hawk  Veterans,  although  this  was  not  their  only  service,  and 


62  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

a  right  splendid  body  of  men  they  are.  Uncle  Sam  owes  them 
and  others,  along  with  the  commonwealth,  over  a  million  dol- 
lars on  account  of  services  rendered  and  damages  through  the 
depredations  of  his  wards.  He  receives  the  bill  every  now 
and  then  with  his  blandest  smile  and  shows  on  each  occasion 
that  he  is  entirely  willing  to — keep  on  owing  it. 

The  Indians  are  known  to  Mormon  history  as  Lamanites, 
but  even  in  his  primeval  estate  (as  set  forth  by  the  Book  of 
Mormon)  he  was  blood-thirsty,  cruel,  crafty  and,  on  the  whole, 
a  thoroughly  bad  citizen.  And  yet  he  is  to  become  "white 
and  delightsome,"  as  we  learn  from  authority  not  to  be  dis- 
puted. It  will  be  observed,  however,  that  the  word  "white" 
occurs  before  the  other,  and  is  beyond  doubt  a  condition 
precedent  thereto.  In  the  language  of  the  song,  "It  ain't 
going  to  happen  this  year." 


ORGANIZATION  AND  GROWTH. 


THE    STATE    OF   DESERET    AND    ITS      EARLY 
OFFICERS— TERRITORY  OF  UTAH. 

A  PROVISIONAL  State  government  with  the  previously 
unheard-of  name  of  Deseret  was  organized  as  soon  as 
there  was  enough  cohesiveness  at  hand  to  do  it  with,  and 
there  we  mark  the  foundation  stones  of  the  commonwealth. 
Naturally  enough  President  Young  became  Governor  Young; 
Heber  C.  Kimball  was  Lieutenant  Governor  and  Daniel  H. 
Wells  Chief  Justice.  Quite  a  family  party,  this!  However, 
all  hands  participated  in  it,  all  were  satisfied,  and  as  the  of- 
ficials in  their  secular  capacity  did  not  have  much  to  do,  it 
was  not  a  difficult  matter  to  carry  the  incidental  honors  and 
still  less  to  handle  the  salaries  received,  these  amounting  to  (I 
believe)  the  said  honors,  great  expectations  and  the  confidence 
of  the  people.  Few  officials  of  that,  this  or  any  intervening 
time  were  so  well  compensated,  especially  as  relates  to  the 
latter  item.  The  State  government  was  destined  to  have  an 
ephemeral  career,  for  in  the  fall  of  1850  an  act  organizing 
the  Territory  of  Utah  got  through  Congress,  and  received 
President  Fillmore's  signature,  this  being  the  response  of  the 
Administration  to  the  request  for  admission  as  a  State  for- 
merly presented  by  special  delegate  A.  W.  Babbitt.  The 
President  was,  on  the  whole,  a  good  man,  whose  sense  of 
justice  was  not  allowed  to  become  obscured  or  weakened  be- 
cause of  his  determination  to  rigidly  enforce  the  laws;  so  he 
continued  Governor  Young  in  office  (with  a  salary  at  that!) 


64  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

but  ''cleaned  the  platter"  with  tolerable  thoroughness  other- 
wise, some  of  his  judicial  appointments  being  especially 
objectionable. 

To  be  altogether  fair  (which  is  what  we  all  ought  to  aim 
at  continually  and  reach  at  least  once  in  a  while)  the  judiciary 
in  the  early  days  here  had  pretty  "hard  sledding."  It  should 
be  remembered  that  districts  were  then  magnificent  only  in 
their  distances.  It  sometimes  required  a  long,  laborious  ride 
through  a  rough,  almost  desolate  region  to  reach  the  seat  of 
justice,  and  reaching  it  the  accommodations  were  a  long  way 
from  being  ample.  The  whole  situation  was  saturated  with 
rawness  and  discomfort;  added  to  which  was  the  beggarly 
salary  paid — $1800  per  annum — not  so  much  as  any  first-class 
lawyer  could  make  even  in  those  days  at  any  place  where 
there  was  a  nucleus  of  civilization,  and  this  circumstance, 
placing  them  as  it  did  under  a  cloud,  added  somewhat  to  the 
displeasure.  Even  as  late  as  1861,  about  which  time  the 
writer  had  the  honor  of  dawning  upon  the  scene,  there  were 
many  things  in  life  which  must  have  been  much  more  desir- 
able than  eking  out  a  subsistence  upon  an  income  which  had 
already  been  cut  into  severely  in  the  process  of  getting  here, 
carrying  a  certain  percentage  of  dignity,  being  subjected  to 
the  drawbacks  previously  spoken  of,  and  being  looked  upon 
as  a  third  or  fourth-rate  lawyer;  to  deserve  the  latter,  as  may 
have  been  the  case  now  and  then,  was  not  the  most  encour- 
aging feature  of  the  case  by  any  means. 

L.  G.  Brandeberg  was  the  first  Chief  Justice  by  appoint- 
ment of  the  President.  He  carried  himself  for  a  while  some- 
what becomingly  and  made  as  good  a  record  as  could  be 
made  where  the  materials  were  so  meagre.  It  should  be  re- 
membered that  in  the  very  early  days  there  was  but  little 
litigation  and  still  less  crime;  while  the  former  being  largely 
left  to  arbitration  or  to  Bishops  acting  as  magistrates,  made 
judicial  proceedings,  what  few  times  they  did  occur,  the  near- 
est possible  thing  to  a  barren  idealty.  Those  who  wanted  to 
go  to  court  had  the  privilege  and  the  opportunity;  Uncle  Sam 


ORGANIZATION  AND  GROWTH.  65 

generously  kept  the  temples  of  justice  open  and  in  running 
order  for  that  purpose,  paying  all  expenses  himself.  There 
were,  however,  so  few  who  availed  themselves  of  this  open- 
h  inded  generosity  that  the  judges  had  as  a  rule  more  occasion 
to  illustrate  Chesterfield  than  to  expound  Blackstone,  and 
from  the  force  of  inaction  (or  "non-user,"  to  resort  to  legal 
parlance)  doubtless  in  some  cases  returned  to  the  East  poorer 
lawyers  than  when  they  left  it — if  such  a  thing  were  possible. 
Brandeburg  and  Associate  Justice  Brocchus  finally  deserted 
their  posts,  along  with  Territorial  Secretary  Harris,  and 
the  trio  wended  their  way  to  Washington,  where  they  report- 
ed in  manner  and  form  that  the  Mormons  were  a  pretty  hard 
lot  and  extremely  reticent  in  the  matter  of  intercourse  with 
strangers.  The  Secretary  was  a  man  with  a  thrifty  turn  of 
mind,  so  much  so  that  when  he  bade  Zion's  populace  adieu 
and  set  his  face  toward  the  land  of  his  fathers,  some  $24,000 
that  had  been  appropriated  by  Congress  to  pay  the  expenses 
of  the  first  Legislature  accompanied  him;  also  the  great  seal 
of  the  Territory  and  such  records  as  he  had  found  time  to 
compile.  "Eccentricities"  of  this  kind  were  not  so  common 
then  as  they  have  since  become,  and  there  was  wonderment 
thereat,  followed  by  a  mild  form  of  indignation,  this  resulting 
in  an  explanation  to  headquarters  and  a  protest.  Of  course 
the  Government  made  it  right,  as  it.  has  in  (I  believe)  every 
case  in  which  public  service  was  rendered  at  its  request,  ac- 
tual or  implied. 

The  severe  experiences  through  which  some  of  the 
judges  had  to  pass  at  times  in  reaching  their  respective  head- 
quarters and  the  difficulties  encountered  in  making  proceed- 
ings conform  to  settled  practice  cannot  be  better  illustrated 
than  by  an  incident  which  occurred  at  Beaver  some  years 
after  the  circumstances  previously  narrated.  In  order  that  his 
papers  might  be  kept  securely,  a  certain  associate  justice 
kept  them  in  his  hat!  This  was  of  the  "nail-keg"  pattern, 
and  the  space  for  keeping  documents  was  therefore  ample. 
But  one  day,  while  proceeding  to  court  and  a  high  wind  was 


66  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

blowing,  an  unusually  severe  blast  swept  the  tile  from  the 
judicial  head  and  sent  it  scurrying  along  the  street,  scattering 
the  papers  in  various  directions.  A  bench  warrant  wrhich  his 
honor  intended  to  have  served  within  the  hour  was  found  next 
day  reposing  snugly  in  an  alcove  of  a  hay  stack;  a  memoran- 
dum of  costs  in  a  civil  action  was  impaled  upon  the  sharp 
point  of  a  quaking  asp  pole  in  a  wood  pile;  and  a  subpcena 
duces  tecum  commanding  the  one  addressed  to  appear  in 
court  at  a  certain  time  and  have  with  him  then  and  there  cer- 
tain books  and  documents,  was  sent  hurtling  along  the  State 
road  in  the  direction  of  Beaver  river  and  was  seen  no  more. 


SNAIL-PACED  COMMUNICATION— A  CONTRAST. 

GOVERNOR  YOUNG  was  not  the  onlyMormon  to  hold  office 
under  the  new  deal  by  any  means.  At  the  same  time  that  his 
appointment  was  made,  the  late  Zerubbabel  Snow  was  given 
the  position  of  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Seth 
M.  Blair  became  United  States  Attorney  and  Joseph  L.  Hey- 
wood  United  States  Marshal.  All  the  other  officials  were 
importations.  Judge  Snow  narrowly  escaped  being  one,  hav- 
ing a  short  time  previous  to  his  entrance  upon  official  life  and 
settling  down  in  Utah  been  a  "Buckeye,"  as  Ohio  people  are 
sometimes  called,  greatly  to  their  dislike.  This  was  a  very 
fair  allotment  of  the  official  loaves  and  fishes;  in  the  light  of 
the  system  that  obtained  soon  after  and  was  kept  up  till  Pres- 
ident Harrison's  administration,  it  was  amazingly  fair.  It  got 
to  be  a  case  of  "no  Mormon  need  apply,"  and  not  only  this, 
but  no  resident  either.  The  rule  was  departed  from  occa- 
sionally, but  not  often  enough  to  excite  wonder  or  much  com- 
ment. 

It  is  a  well  understood  fact  that  conditions  and  circum- 
stances often  prevail  in  our  midst  without  our  knowing  or 
even  suspecting  anything  of  the  kind.  We  observe  the  es- 


ORGANIZATION  AND  GROWTH.  67 

caping  steam  of  an  engine's  whistle  at  some  distance  quite  a 
while  before  hearing  the  whistle,  because  the  waves  of  air 
transport  appearances  more  rapidly  than  they  do  sound.  It 
was  the  case  that  the  people  of  Utah  were  invested  with  a  Ter- 
ritorial form  of  government  some  time  before  they  were  aware 
of  it.  A  more  vivid  contrast  with  present  or  recent  condi- 
tions than  such  an  incident  could  scarcely  be  imagined.  The 
information  first  came  by  a  party  of  Mormons,  who  had  just 
returned  from  Southern  California.  This  was  in  January, 
1851,  the  organic  act  having  been  approved  on  the  pth  of 
September  previously — only  four  months!  Even  then  there 
was  no  official  communication, on  the  subject;  it  was  read  by 
one  of  the  party  in  a  New  York  paper  which  had  reached 
California  via  the  Isthmus  of  Panama;  so  that  the  news  in 
reaching  Utah  from  Washington  had  traveled — first,  to  New 
York;  thence  down  the  Atlantic  coast  a  thousand  miles  or 
more,  gradually  swinging  outward  upon  the  broad  bosom  of 
the  Atlantic,  passing  the  West  Indies  to  the  East  and  then 
into  and  across  the  Caribbean  sea,  which  brought  it  to  the 
eastern  side  of  the  Isthmus;  then  overland  across  the  narrow 
strip  to  the  Pacific;  thence  along  the  Pacific  coast  to  San 
Francisco,  then  southward  to  Los  Angeles,  where  the  paper 
with  the  glad  tidings  was  obtained  and  then  brought  to  Salt 
Lake.  No  wonder  it  took  four  months!  Let  the  reader 
figure  out  the  distance  traveled  for  himself;  I  am  too  busy 
just  now.  After  completing  the  job  he  can  then  reflect  upon 
the  pace  by  and  the  extent  to  which  advancement  has  been 
made. 

With  a  realization  of  the  fitness  of  things  and  a  disposi- 
tion to  be  fully  abreast  of  every  occasion  which  have  already 
been  shown  to  be  characteristic  of  the  man,  Governor  Young 
lost  no  time  in  the  matter  of  placing  himself  and  his  people  in 
accord  with  the  new  order  of  things.  Without  waiting  for 
the  official  notification  of  his  appointment  or  for  the  knowl- 
edge of  who  were  to  be  his  official  associates  to  reach  him,  he 
at  once  went  before  Chief  Justice  Wells  and  took  the  oath  of 


68  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

office,  thus  being  for  a  time  the  only  officer  in  the  new  Terri- 
tory. This  put  an  end  to  the  State  of  Deseret  forever.  The 
name  is  still  used  in  a  fanciful,  and  sometimes  in  a  poetic 
sense,  but  its  political  phase  has  left  it  completely,  and  in  our 
Constitutional  Convention,  which  adopted  the  name  ot  our 
State  among  its  other  duties,  the  word  was  scarcely,  if  at  all, 
mentioned.  Various  institutions  which  once  carried  the  name, 
notably  the  University,  have  dropped  it  entirely;  the  News 
publication,  however,  retains  it.  It  is  supposed  by  many  to 
be  too  suggestive  of  Church  rule  to  be  appropriate  or  desir- 
able in  this  day  and  generation.  Some  people  are  very  sen- 
sitive regarding  such  questions;  their  sensitiveness,  however, 
it  should  be  observed,  has  not  led  them  as  a  rule  to  a  realiza- 
tion of  the  manifest  fact  that  had  there  been  no  Deseret  there 
would  be  no  Utah — had  there  been  no  State  founded  by  Brig- 
ham  Young,  Wilford  Woodruff,  Heber  C.  Kimball  and  others 
as  a  result  of  religious  devotion,  there  would  today  be  no 
commonwealth  reared  on  a  non-religious  foundation  and 
gauged  to  secular  lines. 

POPULATION— FIRST     ELECTION— PAST 
OFFICERS. 

NOTWITHSTANDING  the  great  difficulty  of  getting  to  Zion 
in  the  early  days,  the  population  increased  rapidly.  By  births 
and  other  accessions  the  numbers  of  the  people  were  being 
steadily  augmented,  emigration  of  course,  as  has  been  the 
case  all  along,  being  entitled  to  the  credit  of  the  greater  part 
of  it.  The  first  census,  completed  April  ist,  1851,  showed 
the  population  to  be  as  follows:  Salt  Lake  County- — with 
the  cumbersome  "Great"  prefixed — 6155;  Utah  County,  2005; 
Weber  County,  1143;  Davis  County,  1128;  Sanpete  County, 
365;  Iron  County,  360;  Tooele  County,  152;  the  unorgan- 
ized district  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  Territory  known  as 
Green  River  precinct,  46;  total:  11,354,  of  which  6026  were 
males  and  5,328  females. 

The  first  general   election  in  Utah  occurred,  pursuant  to 


ORGANIZATION  AND  GROWTH.  69 

this  enumeration,  on  the  first  Monday  in  August  following. 
A  Delegate  to  Congress  and  a  Legislative  Assembly  were 
chosen.  The  representation  allotted  by  Congress  was  thir- 
teen Councilors  and  twenty-six  Representatives,  which,  con- 
sidering the  population,  was  very  liberal  indeed.  It  was  in  a 
decidedly  inverse  ratio  to  what  was  allowed  a  quarter  of  a 
century  or  thereabout  later,  when  the  numbers  of  the  peo- 
ple had  increased  fully  fifteen  fold,  and  the  allotment  was 
reduced  to  twelve  Councilors  and  twenty-four  Representa- 
tives. Dr.  John  M.  Bernhisel  was  elected  to  Congress  with- 
out'opposition.  He  did  not  run  as  a  Democrat,  a  Republi- 
can or  a  Whig — which  latter  he  claimed  to  be  his  political 
faith — but  simply  as  one  of  the  people  who  chose  him.  The 
Legislature  was  chosen  on  the  same  plan.  Politics,  like 
mining,  the  people  had  no  present  use  for,  but  that  they  have 
drifted  into  both  about  as  far  as  human  beings  ever  get,  is  as 
well  known  to  the  reader  as  to  the  writer.  As  to  which  es- 
tate they  were  the  better  off  in,  each  can  form  a  judgment 
for  himself. 

The  next  decided  stride  in  the  direction  of  an  improved 
civilization  was  the  establishment  of  post  offices,  which  was 
fully  accomplished  in  1852.  Of  course  Salt  Lake  City — with 
the  "Great"  as  before — had  one  prior  to  this  time,  it  being  the 
first,  but  after  that  they  were  provided  one  by  one  until  all 
the  settlements  of  any  consequence  were  in  possession  of 
this  indispensable  adjunct  of  modern  advancement.  Willard 
Richards  was  the  first  postmaster  here,  and  he  held  his  place 
without  being  subjected  to  the  annoyance  that  has  befallen  so 
many  of  his  successors  in  office — the  fear  of  a  change  of  ad- 
ministration being  the  means  of  some  one  else  getting  the 
place. 


MERCHANDISING  AND  MUNICIPALITIES. 

THINGS  went  steadily  along,  the  days  growing  into  months, 
these  into  years,  and  each  with  its  allotment  ot  trials,  troubles 


70  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

and  strifes,  as  well  as  its  achievements,  its  triumphs,  its  prog- 
ress and  its  pleasures.  The  general  store  for  merchandising 
purposes  could  not  long  be  kept  out  of  a  growing  community 
like  that  of  Great  Salt  Lake  City  (as  it  was  first  called), 
notwithstanding  the  almost  exasperating  slowness  of  trans- 
portation and  the  aH  but  fabulous  sums  which  it  cost  to  bring 
goods  so  far.  The  people  had  been  here  but  a  little  more 
than  two  years,  when  a  couple  of  men  not  of  their  faith 
reached  trie  city  with  all  the  details  of  a  first-class  country 
store.  They  were  received  without  the  slightest  opposition, 
and  at  once  established  themselves  in  what  proved  to  be  a 
very  profitable  business.  The  firm  name  was  Livingston  & 
Kinkead,  but  it  afterwards  became  Livingston,  Bell  &  Co.  A 
year  later  another  firm  (Halladay  &  Warner)  also  non- 
Mormons,  set  up  in  business  here.  The  late  William  H. 
Hooper  came  next,  and  from  this  time  on  business  concerns 
of  various  kinds  increased  rapidly.  The  stocks  in  every  case 
were  comparatively  limited,  and  when  any  particular  article 
was  exhausted  it  might  be  and  often  was  a  long  time  before 
any  more  could  be  got.  Staple  articles  were  sold  in  limited 
quantities  so  as  to  make  them  go  around,  and  the  prices  were 
something  which  the  younger  generation  of  Utah,  who  have 
enjoyed  the  benefits  of  railway  communication,  can  form  no 
just  opinion  of.  As  I  once  heard  President  George  A.  Smith 
say — "They  charged  till  they  were  out  of  breath  and  then 
wrote  the  rest."  In  order  that  a  glimpse  of  the  contrasted 
conditions  may  be  obtained,  I  will  here  mention  one  item: 
Calico  which  can  now  be  bought  for  five  or  six  cents  a  yard, 
in  1850  sold  for  eight  to  ten  times  as  much,  and  no  family 
was  allowed  to  purchase  more  than  a  certain  amount,  corres- 
ponding with  the  stock  on  hand,  no  matter  what  price  might 
be  offered.  A  girl  with  a  new  calico  dress  in  those  days  must 
have  been  an  object  of  admiration  if  not  of  envy,  which  shows 
how  much  we  have  changed  in  another  respect. 

This  city  was   incorporated   by    the   Legislature    of  the 
"State  of  Deseret"  in  January,   1851;  it  was  followed  in  rapid 


ORGANIZATION  AND  GROWTH.  71 

succession  by  similar  action  in  behalf  of  Ogden,  Manti,  Provo 
and  Parowan  "cities,"  some  of  which  contained  then  as  many 
as  a  dozen  families  and  probably  one  hundred  people.  They 
have  all  grown  considerably  with  the  exception  of  Parowan, 
which  is  but  little  forger  now  than  it  was  a  few  years  after 
being  settled,  having  less  than  one  thousand  inhabitants.  The 
incorporation  scheme  seemed  to  work  very  well,  however. 


THE  PONY  EXPRESS. 

THE  subject  of  communication  with  the  outside  world  is 
ever  an  important  one  with  colonists,  and  to  none  of  these 
was  it  ever  more  so  than  to  those  who  first  peopled  Utah. 
Having  established  themselves  in  their  new  and  permanent 
homes,  and  beheld  the  nucleus  planted  here  expanding  and 
ramifying  day  by  day,  the  feeling  of  isolation  while  bringing 
with  it  a  sense  of  security  from  mobs  and  immunity  from 
organized  lawlessness,  was  by  no  means  completely  com- 
fortable. It  has  previously  been  suggested  that  the  Pioneers 
had  effected  a  physical  separation,  but  many  soulful  ties  and 
ineradicable  memories  remained.  The  desire  to  know  what 
former  friends  were  doing,  how  they  were  getting  along,  and 
that  thirst  which  comes  of  a  learning  of  the  ways  and  means 
of  mankind  through  education  and  association  were  all  inex- 
tinguishable, and  every  proposition  looking  to  the  advance- 
ment of  means  by  which  private  and  public  intelligence  could 
be  transmitted,  received  all  the  encouragement  which  a  people 
not  yet  reclothed  with  such  ability  to  do  as  they  were  com- 
pelled to  leave  behind  could  give.  At  such  a  time  the  words 
"Overland  Mail"  had  a  sound  which  for  a  long  time  the  sub- 
stance failed  to  justify.  It  has  already  been  stated  how  un- 
certain, slow-going,  few  and  far  between  were  the  trips  which 
the  Government  established  between  Salt  Lake  City  and 


72  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

the  Eastern  frontier,  but  the  mention  was  so  brief  that  the 
mind  of  the  reader  could  not  have  been  brought  to  anything 
like  a  realization  of  the  situation,  while  surrounded  by  such 
splendid  postal  service  as  prevails  now-a-days.  It  is  not  to  be 
inferred  from  all  this  that  the  blame  was  altogether,  if  even 
partly  upon  the  Government,  which  did  all  along  what  was 
doubtless  represented  to  it  as  the  best  that  could  be  done 
under  the  circumstances.  Staging  in  the  earlier  days  was  a 
laborious,  tedious  and  dangerous  undertaking,  the  unseen  es- 
corts in  the  persons  of  white  men  aided  by  red  ones  becoming 
steadily  more  and  more  numerous,  and  only  awaiting  favor- 
able opportunities  when  there  was  anything  likely  to  be  profit- 
able to  swoop  down  on  the  coaches  bearing  death  and  de- 
struction along  with  them.  These  uncertainties,  delays  and 
dangers  coupled  with  the  desire  for  something  better,  set  the 
inventive  faculties  to  .work,  the  result  being  the  establishment 
of  what  soon  became  a  popular  and  world-renowned  mode  of 
communication,  the  Pony  Express.  As  much  as  has  been 
said  of  this  once  great  and  useful  enterprise,  there  still  re- 
mains a  vast  fund  of  presently  uncovered  facts  regarding  it 
that  come  out  piecemeal,  and  all  are  much  more  interesting 
than  at  any  time  since  the  express  was  discontinued.  Among 
the  Pioneers,  the  early  settlers  and  Western  people  generally 
the  "pony"  will  always  occupy  a  place  of  profound  regard 
from  which  nothing  can  dislodge  him. 

The  Pony  Express  was  first  put  in  operation  early  in  1860, 
the  immediate  projectors  being  William  H.  Russell,  Ben  F. 
Ficklan  and  James  E.  Bromley.  The  route  was  adopted,  the 
-time  cards  were  made  up,  the  road  was  stocked,  the  employ- 
.  ees  were  at  their  posts,  and  all  things  in  readiness  for  the  first 
rider  of  the  first  pony  to  mount  and  plunge  into  the  wilds  of 
the  West  on  April  3rd,  1860.  One  start  was  made  from  St. 
Joe,  Missouri,  the  horse  and  rider  being  ferried  across,  and 
the  ride  beginning  immediately  upon  touching  the  Western 
shore.  At  the  same  time,  or  rather  on  the  same  date,  since 
there  is  some  chronological  difference  between  the  points, 


ORGANIZATION  AND  GROWTH.  73 

the  four-footed  messenger  accompanied  by  his  rider  took  the 
boat  at  San  Francisco,  sped  along  to  Sacramento  and  reached 
there  late  the  same  afternoon.  Amid  intense  enthusiasm  the 
pony  was  headed  for  the  Sierra  Nevadas,  and  leaped  away  on 
his  majestic  errand  followed  by  the  loud  shouts  of  a  great 
crowd  which  had  assembled  in  honor  of  the  occasion. 
The  Western  pony  naturally  got  here  first,  entering  Salt 
Lake  City  on  the  7th  of  April,  being  ridden  from  Camp  Floyd 
by  Howard  Egan;  the  Eastern  arrival  occurred  two  days 
later,  on  April  9th.  This  seems  like  slow  time,  but  it  was 
rapidity  itself  compared  with  what  the  people  had  been  hav- 
ing. It  was  a  grand  enterprise  and  cost  a  lot  of  money,  not 
all  of  which  was  ever  recovered  from  the  business.* 

One  night  on  the  Eastern  plains,  after  a  weary  day's 
travel,  a  band  of  emigrants  (bringing  the  writer  among  other 
freight)  camped  in  a  spot  which  seemed  to  have  been  designed 
by  nature  for  that  purpose.  It  was  bowl-shaped,  heavy  with 
verdure  and  fringed  around  with  heavy  and  dry  timber,  while 
through  its  middle  ran  a  brook  of  clear,  sparkling  water  con- 
taining myriads  of  fish.  It  was  the  hour  of  midnight,  and  all 
save  the  sentries  were  wrapped  in  slumber,  such  repose  as 
comes  only  to  those  who  are  weary  in  well  doing,  have  con- 
sciences void  of  offense,  and  whose  minds  are  free  from  any 
harassing  cares  of  engrossing  speculation.  So  quiet  and 
serene  and  reposeful  was  the  scene  that  the  rippling  of  the 
brook  and  the  occasional  musical  tinkling  of  a  bell  among  the 
near-by  cattle,  were  the  only  sounds  that  broke  upon  the  de- 
lightful calm.  There  was  no  fear  of  a  hostile  visitation  of  the 
savages,  because  they  had  received  and  were  likely  to  receive 
only  fair  treatment  at  the  hands  of  the  people  who  slumbered, 
and  such  were  generally  exempt  from  midnight  or  other 
treacherous  surprises.  It  was,  all  in  all,  the  complete  realization 
of  that  dreamy,  soulful  quietude  which  sometimes  finds  expres- 

*  This  on  the  authority  of  Dr.  H.  J.  Faust,  a  prominent  citizen  of  Utah 
for  many  years,  who  took  an  active  and  conspicuous  part  in  the  establish- 
ment of  the  service  in  this  region. 


74 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


sion  through  the  medium  of  the  brush  or  pen  in  master  hands, 
or  exists  as  a  figment  of  the  fancy  when  it  roves  unreined  and 
unrestrained.  Suddenly  the  attention  of  the  outer  sentinel  to 
the  west  was  attracted  by  what  he  conceived  to  be  an  ac- 
cumulating noise,  like  the  first  harbinger  of  a  coming  storm 
or  the  marching  of  many  men.  Sounds  travel  rapidly  when 
the  vibratory  process  of  the  air  by  which  they  are  conveyed 


THE    PONY    EXPRESS. 

has  no  other  burden,  and  the  man  stood  still  and  listened  in- 
tently.  Yes,  there  was  a  sound;  he  was  not  mistaken,  and  it 
gathered  volume  with  additional  time.  It  was  vague  and 
muffled,  but  was  steadily  becoming  more  and  more  distinct. 
The  word  was  quickly  passed  along  the  line  of  the  outer 
guards  and  from  them  to  the  inner  ones,  who  in  turn  awoke 


ORGANIZATION  AND  GROWTH.  75 

the  sleepers.  Here  was  a  picture  of  discipline,  also  an  object 
lesson  in  the  workings  of  that  wonderful  instinct  of  self-pre- 
servation which  sometimes  anticipates  the  one  endangered  and 
awakens  even  before  he  is  aroused!  One  minute  before  all 
silence  and  serenity,  with  the  senses  of  the  silent  ones  locked 
in  slumber,  now  all  activity,  bustle,  haste,  preparation! 
Nearer  came  the  sounds;  all  could  hear  them  now,  and  out 
of  the  confluent  murmur  fragments  of  separate  sound  could 
be  distinguished.  Women  and  children  were  hustled  into 
wagons  and  padded  around  as  thoroughly  as  could  be  done 
in  a  hurry,  with  bedding.  Every  man  and  every  good- 
sized  boy  had  a  firearm  in  his  hand  ready  to  send  messen- 
gers of  death  into  the  outward  darkness  at  the  word  of 
command. 

The  sounds  were  now  quite  recognizable;  they  were 
horses'  feet,  but  how  many  could  not  be  determined.  The 
suspense  which  was  crowded  into  the  few  moments  just 
then  was  so  intense  that  it  makes  one  nervous  to  think  of  it. 
It  seemed  a  long  time,  yet  was  afterwards  demonstrated  to 
have  been  exactly  seven  and  a  quarter  minutes  from  the  time 
the  people  left  their  beds  till  they  returned  to  them.  There 
was  but  one  horse,  and  he  was  coming  at  a  furious  gait. 
Perhaps  emigrants  further  along  had  been  attacked  and  as- 
sistance was  needed — we  would  soon  know.  From  the  end 
of  the  camp  now  arose  above  all  other  sounds  the  imperative 
demand  of  the  sentry,  "Who  goes  there?"  And  as  the 
rider  and  his  steed  sped  like  a  flash  through  the  open  space 
of  our  camp,  the  reply  spread  itself  along  the  traversed  dis- 
tance: "The  Pony  Express!" 

It  had  been  so  recently  established  that  we  were  not 
looking  for  it,  and  only  a  few,  even  when  told,  realized  what 
it  was. 


THE    PERIOD   OF    FRICTION. 


THE    DARK    DAYS    OF   UTAH'S  MEDIEVAL 
HISTORY. 

UTAH  has  had  its  period  of  acute  social  travail,  a  long- 
drawn-out,  drastic,  dangerous  epoch  in  the  history  of 
the  commonwealth,  one  that  is  marked  with  political,  legal 
and  illegal  procedure  of  unusual  and  far-reaching  proportions. 
It  is  all  over  now,  the  few  sporadic  cases  occurring  to  mar 
the  general  harmony  being  quite  infrequent  and  of  no  great 
consequence.  Raids  and  raiders,  systematic  prosecutions  and 
persecutions  ot  a  class,  hounding,  spying  and  vilification  on 
one  hand;  with  demands  for  proper  interpretations  of  law, 
requests  for  such  indulgence  as  accused  people  elsewhere 
have  all  along  been  given,  and  a  dogged,  perhaps  at  times 
unwise  determination  to  stand  by  what  they  believed  to  be  their 
constitutional  rights  in  upholding  certain  assailed  tenets  of 
their  faith,  on  the  other — these  things  are  but  a  memory,  and 
it  is  fading  fast.  As  previously  suggested,  there  may  be  spo- 
radic cases,  since  a  complete  transformation  where  practices 
have  long  been  engaged  in  cannot  be  accomplished  between 
two  days,  or  two  years,  for  that  matter;  but  we  are  proceed- 
ing finely  at  last,  and  without  much  interruption. 

So  important  an  era  cannot  be  overlooked  or  lightly 
passed  upon.  Nor  is  it  necessary  to  extend  the  mention 
thereof  beyond  the  proportions  of  one  chapter,  within  which 
is  given  the  rise,  progress,  developments  arid  finality  of  the 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION.  77 

period,  with  its  reason  for  being  and  the  materials  upon 
which  it  fed.  History  as  it  was  and  comment  which  it  is 
hoped  will  be  received  as  impartial — since  it  was  written  in 
that  spirit — are  relied  upon  solely  in  this  production. 

Peculiarity  pervaded  the  entire  situation  hereabout  for  a 
good  while  after  the  first  settlement.  The  settlement  itself 
was  peculiar  and  the  culmination  of  a  series  of  conditions  so 
utterly  distinct  in  the  line  of  American  achievements  as  to 
entitle  them  to  the  classification  of  uniqueness.  Having 
sought  seclusion  for  the  purpose  of  being  secluded,  and  so 
conditioned  that  the  waking  hours  would  be  free  from  dismay 
and  the  sleeping  ones  from  nightmare,  it  is  not  to  be  won- 
dered at  that  the  settlers  who  so  soon  found  themselves  con- 
fronted by  the  representatives  of  those  who  had  "spewed 
them  out  of  their  mouth"  were  not  altogether  pleased  with 
the  outlook.  The  newcomers  were  not  numerous  for.  some 
time,  but  they  kept  coming,  and  in  the  course  of  a  decade 
had  become  quite  a  nucleus  for  others  to  gather  to  and 
strengthen.  As  a  rule  the  earlier  of  the  non-Mormon  acces- 
sions had  no  desire  to  engage  in  contentions  but  were  satisfied 
with  attending  to  their  own  affairs  and  letting  the  original 
settlers  attend  to  theirs,  by  means  of  which  there  was  no  irri- 
tation. Now  and  then,  however,  an  over-zealous  American 
citizen,  imbued  with  the  institutions  of  his  country,  and  chaf- 
ing, no  doubt,  at  the  imperium  in  imperio  which  seemed  to 
become  more  unbearable  the  more  he  thought  of  it,  would 
give  expression  to  his  displeasure  in  something  more  forcible 
than  "frowns,  closed  lips  and  pithy  sentences,"  and  happen- 
ing to  attract  attention  would  now  and  then  find  himself  up 
against  something  unpleasant.  And  yet  such  experiences 
were  rather  uncommon.  Those  who  sold  goods,  or  bought 
stock,  or  looked  after  overland  transportation,  or  did  any 
other  legitimate  thing  without  slopping  over,  hunting  trouble  or 
yearning  for  martyrdom,  even  though  they  may  by  some  have 
been  regarded  as  unbidden  guests,  were  invariably  accorded 
as  full  a  measure  of  tolerance  as  was  extended;  but  as  for  the 


78  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

rest,  the  Saints  for  some  time  considered  themselves  at  last  as 
masters  of  the  situation  and  were  not  disposed  to  encourage 
by  temporizing  with  the  condition  of  things  which  so  often 
had  sent  them  adrift  to  make  new  abiding  places.  And  who 
that  gives  a  thought  to  the  tendencies  of  humanity  could 
blame  them,  whether  holding  that  they  were  right  or  wrong? 
Occasionally  there  was  a  rumpus,  in  which  the  "interloper" 
oftener  than  otherwise  got  the  worst  of  it;  also,  oftener  than 
otherwise  he  deserved  it,  but  sometimes  it  wasn't  that  way 
altogether.  This  brings  to  mind  an  incident  of  the  late  SG'S 
which  had  its  culmination  some  thirty  years  after,  and  is  used 
at  this  juncture  because  its  beginning  and  ending  embrace 
nearly  the  entire  period  of  friction. 

A  soldier  in  one  of  Colonel  Johnston's  companies,  which 
was  temporarily  on  duty  in  Rush  Valley,  near  the  site  of  the 
present  town  of  Stockton,  by  ordering  a  young  man  named 
Howard  O.  Spencer  off  the  grounds  got  into  an  altercation 
with  him  and  let  his  angry  passions  rise  so  high  that  he  struck 
the  Mormon  youth  over  the  head  with  the  butt  of  his  gun, 
the  evidence  showing  that  the  boy  was  not  the  aggressor. 
The  latter's  skull  was  crushed  and  he  was  stunned  for  some 
time,  but  finally  recovered  partially,  so  far  as  his  physical  sys- 
tem was  concerned,  but  his  brains  were  badly  shaken  up  and 
his  mind  wandered  occasionally  for  years.  Some  few  months 
afterwards,  meeting  the  soldier  in  Salt  Lake  City  and  happen- 
ing to  be  armed,  Spencer  without  ado  shot  him  fatally.  The 
boy  sought  safety  in  flight,  and  as  sympathy  was  largely  with 
him  he  was  not  hunted  for  with  excessive  zeal,  although  his 
rash  act  was  generally  deplored.  After  some  time  he 
"showed  up"  again.  It  remained  for  the  grand  jury  of  a 
court  presided  over  by  Judge  John  W.Judd,  in  the  year  1889, 
to  find  an  indictment  for  that  almost  forgotten  homicide,  and 
Spencer,  now  become  somewhat  advanced  in  years  and  with 
the  means  of  defense  being  more  inadequate  because  of  the 
lapse  of  time  and  the  unexpected  summons,  was  placed  on 
trial  for  murder.  Enough  evidence  was  brought  together  to 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION.  79 

show  the  provocation  (there  was  no  denial  of  the  killing), 
also  the  mental  condition  of  the  defendant  at  the  time  of  com- 
mitting the  offense,  and  the  jury — composed  of  nine  Gentiles 
and  three  Mormons — soon  returned  a  verdict  of  unot  guilty." 
In  dismissing  the  panel  the  judge  took  occasion  to  affront  it  in 
detail  and  as  a  whole,  saying  (substantially)  in  a  very  insult- 
ing tone:  "Gentlemen,  I  have  been  practicing  law  and  been 
in  courts  as  lawyer  and  judge  for  forty  years,  and  if  this  is 
not  a  case  of  murder  in  the  first  degree  I  never  saw  one. 
The  defendant  is  discharged,  so  are  you." 

This  incident,  although  the  culmination  occurred  at  a 
later  day  than  most  of  those  to  which  this  chapter  has  special 
reference,  is  brought  in  here  as  a  fitting  prelude  to  what  fol- 
lows, the  object  being  to  show  that  a  blending  of  the  legisla- 
tive, executive  and  judicial  departments,  or  the  last  two  espec- 
ially, of  the  government — that  is,  the  taking  of  an  active  part 
in  the  formation  and  straightening  out  of  public  opinion  as  a 
partisan  while  sitting  in  judgment — is  not  healthful  to  the 
community  in  which  it  is  practiced.  Instead  of  overcoming 
or  even  modifying  the  social  friction  which  exists,  it  is  more 
likely  to  increase  it;  and  as  the  purpose  here  is  not  only  to 
show  how  but  why  such  friction  existed,  how  irritants  served 
but  to  irritate,  and  how  at  last  the  conflicting  elements  buried 
the  hatchet  through  the  influence  of  moderation  and  liberality, 
the  instances  cited  and  those  which  come  between  are  seem- 
ingly indispensable. 

It  has  been  charged  that  the  settlers  of  Utah  were  not 
friendly  toward  the  soldiers  of  Uncle  Sam,  and  that  they 
made  undue  and  unnecessary  preparations  to  resist  the  ap- 
proach of  Johnston's  army,  as  well  as  Connor's  later  one. 
Whatever  may  have  been  the  individual  feeling  it  is  not  my 
province  to  state.  Each  can  answer  for  himself  or  not  answer 
as  he  feels  disposed. ,  But  let  us  look  at  history  a  moment. 

Andrew  Jackson,  who  earned  his  title  of  "Old  Hickory" 
by  deeds  afield  as  well  as  in  the  councils  of  the  nation,  pre- 
sumably placed  citizenship  and  the  right  of  the  citizen  to  pro- 


80  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

tection  above  all  other  political  considerations.  It  was  be- 
lieved, and  not  without  cause,  that  if  only  one,  but  certainly 
a  number  of  his  subjects  were  treated  illegally  and  outrag- 
eously in  any  part  of  this  or  any  other  country,  the  lines  of 
demarcation  which  arose  between  his  jurisdiction  and  the  per- 
sons so  treated  would  in  a  very  short  time  have  resembled 
telegraph  wires  after  a  cyclone  had  practiced  on  them.  His 
famous  "By  the  Eternal"  would  have  sounded  as  a  trumpet 
call  and  the  oppressors  would  have  desisted  in  short  order  or 
been  dispersed  and  punished;  so  it  was  believed.  And  yet 
somehow  or  other,  the  case  of  the  Mormons  didn't  appeal  to 
him  strongly  enough  to  make  him  even  brandish  his  cane,  as 
he  did  when  the  Senate  passed  a  resolution  of  censure  for 
his  veto  of  the  banking  act.  It  was  just  the  same  with  Mar- 
tin Van  Buren — Andrew's  successor — who  could  do  nothing 
for  the  people  whose  cause  he  admitted  was  just.  He  was  a 
Strict  Constructionist,  who  regarded  State  boundaries  as 
something  more  than  imaginary  lines  having  no  visible  tan- 
gibility except  upon  the  maps.  In  fact  he  was  disposed,  by 
reason  of  his  political  inclining,  to  regard  each  State  as  being 
fenced  in  with  a  "buncombe"  fence,  meaning  one  that  is 
horse  high,  bull  strong  and  pig  tight — and  so,  no  matter  that 
citizens  of  the  country  were  being  subjected  to  countless  out- 
rages by  those  who  even  boasted  of  acting  outside  the  law, 
the  general  Government  was  powerless  to  climb  over,  break 
down  or  crawl  through  the  barriers  of  sovereignty  which  but- 
tressed the  commonwealths  in  which  the  outrages  occurred. 
So  Martin  was  right — he  could  do  nothing  for  the  sufferers, 
even  though  by  his  own  admission  they  had  a  good  case. 
Of  course  the  people  gradually  ceased  looking  for  protection 
and  eventually  it  became  manifest  to  them  that  the  odds  were 
too  great  to  enable  them  to  protect  themselves,  so  the  remedy 
was  to  get  out  of  the  way.  After  having  done  this,  however, 
and  done  it  effectually  in  not  only  leaving  the  scenes  of  the 
depredations  but  going  entirely  out  of  the  country,  it  doubt- 
less occurred  to  them  that  a  little  greater  lapse  of  time  might 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION.  81 

have  been  permitted  to  take  place  before  the  powers  that 
were  got  after  them  again,  and  thus  thinking  the  incursionists 
may  not  have  been  looked  upon  as  exactly  liberators  and 
benefactors;  but  the  record  shows  no  harshness  except  where 
it  was  called  for.  After  all,  the  Mormons  are  but  human; 
and,  while  claiming  the  title  of  Saints,  I  never  yet  saw  one 
who  was  in  any  particular  hurry  about  becoming  an  angel. 

The  advent  of  Colonel  Steptoe  in  1854,  with  a  com- 
mand, produced  no  more  commotion  or  irritation  than  would 
the  incoming  of  an  emigrant  train  for  California.  Such 
trains  had  by  that  time  become  numerous,  nearly  all  of  them 
being  hospitably  received  and  sent  on  their  way  rejoicing. 
When  it  was  otherwise  it  was  for  reasons  elsewhere  set  out, 
and  such  cases  were  rare  indeed.  Colonel  Steptoe  left  when 
he  got  ready,  taking  with  him  the  best  wishes  of  everybody. 
He  was  tendered  the  Governorship  while  here,  but  declined  in 
favor  of  Gov.  Young.  No  friction  in  his  case. 

The  meanest  thing  that  crawls,  after  being  pursued  until 
it  no  longer  has  a  retreat  and  finding  itself  still  followed,  even 
though  the  pursuer  may  have  no  actual  intention  of  destroy- 
ing it,  is  at  such  times,  from  the  very  force  of  an  instinct 
which  pervades  the  animal  kingdom,  sure  to  turn,  and  if  un- 
able to  make  resistance  will  inflict  as  much  injury  upon  the 
pursuer  as  it  can.  If  the  lowest  of  the  kingdom  will  do  it,  so 
will  the  highest,  and  have  besides  the  advantages  of  a  wider 
scope  of  judgment,  greater  intelligence  and  more  effective 
means  of  resistance.  And  in  turning  upon  an  assailant  or 
pursuer,  it  does  not  matter  as  a  principle  of  law  that  those 
who  consider  themselves  jeopardized  are  mistaken,  that  no 
harm  is  intended,  that  the  hostile  demonstrations  amount  only 
to  "pausing"  (See  McGuffey's  Third  Reader).  It  is  justifi- 
able for  them  to  put  themselves  in  an  attitude  of  defense  be- 
cause of  the  approach  of  those  who  have  no  other  apparent 
motive  than  hostility,  whose  calling  betokens  it  and  who,  if 
they  have  any  other  design,  have  failed  to  make  it  known, 
especially  when  the  oncoming  force  is  a  direct  representative 


82  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

of  powers  and  agencies  to  which  the  people  moved  against 
have  time  and  again  appealed  in  vain  for  protection  from  out- 
lawry in  various  forms.  So  perhaps  there  was  not  in  exist- 
ence here  that  altruistic  feeling  regarding  the  boys  in  blue 
which  under  improved  circumstances  might  have  been  the 
case,  and  yet  things  were  not  always  as  bad  as  they  have 
been  made  to  appear. 

It  is  to  be  noted  in  this  connection  that  when  Johnston's 
forces  entered  this  valley  they  did  so  by  stipulation  amounting 
to  a  treaty,  the  effect  of  which  was  that  they  were  to  "keep 
their  hands  off,"  which  they  did,  and  no  trouble  ensued.  Be- 
taking themselves  to  a  lonely,  out-of-the-way  place  in  Rush 
Valley,  some  fifty  miles  from  Salt  Lake  City  on  the  old  road 
to  California,  the  command  built  up  quite  a  post  known  as 
Camp  Floyd,  in  honor  of  the  redoubtable  Secretary  of  War 
in  President  Buchanan's  cabinet,  who  subsequently,  like  John- 
ston himself,  became  a  conspicuous  figure  in  the  Southern 
Confederacy.  The  officers  of  the  post  were  always  on  the 
best  of  terms  with  the  leaders  of  the  people  and  were  in  the 
main — as  is  the  rule  with  army  officers  of  the  United  States — 
high  class  men  throughout,  who  always  enjoyed  a  visit  to  the 
city  and  an  interview  with  President  Young.  This  was  es- 
pecially the  case  with  Colonel  Johnston,  who  was  a  fine  type 
of  the  Southern  gentleman  and  whose  qualities  as  a  general 
were  so  great  and  comprehensive  that  he  came  very  near  cut- 
ting history  out  of  its  President  Grant,  the  latter  having  been 
completely  defeated  by  the  former  at  Shiloh  and  only  saved 
from  extinction  by  Johnston's  death  and  the  arrival  of  heavy 
reinforcements  subsequently.  The  command  left  just  before 
the  breaking  out  of  hostilities  in  the  East,  having,  all  things 
considered,  done  the  people  here  some  good  and  very  little 
harm. 

When  Colonel  Connor's  force  arrived  they  came  via  the 
deserted  fort,  and  (claimed  to  have)  heard  there  that  the 
Mormons  would  resist  their  entrance  into  Salt  Lake  valley. 
So  guns  were  ready  for  unlimbering,  shot  and  shell  made 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION. 


83 


handy  and  cartridges  galore  right  at  hand  as  the  men  ap- 
proached the  western  bank  of  the  Jordan.  The  colonel  had 
declared  that  he  would  cross  if  the  abyss  of  hell  yawned  in 
the  neighborhood;  but  as  it  didn't,  and  the  only  perturba- 
tion observable  was  in  the  stream  itself,  the  passage  was 
effected  without  other  opposition  than  was  occasioned  by  the 
banks  on  the  eastern  side.  The  grand  entrance  into  Salt 
Lake  City  was  quietly  effected;  in  fact,  it  was  a  little  too 
quiet  to  suit  all  hands, 
for  a  letter,  apparent- 
ly from  one  of  the 
force,  to  a  San  Fran- 
cisco paper,  anent  the 
arrival,  held  up  the 
lack  of  demonstra- 
tion as  an  evidence  of 
disloyalty,  in  that  the 
boys  were  not  wel- 
come !  It  looked 
somewhat  like  a  case 
of  "be  damned  if  you 
do  and  be  damned  if 
you  don't."  The 
command  were  wel- 
comed in  a  speech 
by  Governor  Hard- 
ing and  at  once  pro- 
ceeded to  the  east 
bench,  where  Fort 
Douglas  was  inaugurated,  the  name  in  honor  of  the  "little 
giant"  of  Illinois,  who  defeated  Lincoln  for  the  Senatorship, 
and  was  afterward  defeated  by  him  for  the  Presidency. 

The  command  at  the  post  with  the  exception  of  occa- 
sional and  far-apart  breaks  of  a  personal  character,  has  got 
along  very  well  with  the  civilians. 

l    Nearly  all  localities  which   have   military  establishments 


GEN.    P.    EDWARD    CONNOR. 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

within  their  boundaries  have  trouble  of  more  or  less  conse- 
quence to  deal  with  occasionally,  caused  by  the  clashing 
which  takes  place  because  of  the  commingling  of  elements 
held  in  restraint  by  widely  different  means,  the  civilians  by 
constant  practice  and  the  soldiers  by  discipline.  When  the 
discipline  is  relaxed  by  leave  of  absence  from  the  post,  self- 
restraint  is  frequently  thrown  aside  at  the  same  time  and 
a  rumpus  is  quite  a  natural  result.  This  is  not  always  the 
case,  and  it  does  not  account  for  all  the  collisions  and  bad 
feeling  engendered  in  and  felt  for  the  U.  S.  troopers  in  Utah. 
But  it  is  safe  to  say  that,  on  the  w/iole,  there  was  not  much  if 
any  more  trouble  from  such  source  than  generally  prevails 
from  similar  causes  elsewhere,  but  it  came  very  nearly  being 
a  serious  situation  here  on  a  few  earlier  occasions,  one  of 
which  only,  being  the  most  serious,  will  be  related. 

Some  time  in  1863  rumors  reached  the  city  and  became 
rife  that  it  was  the  purpose  of  the  soldiers  to  seize  President 
Young  by  force  and  take  him  to  the  fort  to  be  held  for  subse- 
quent disposition.  A  warm  reception  was  improvised.  A 
preconcerted  signal — raising  a  white  flag  over  the  Deseret 
Neivs  building— caused  an  immediate  cessation  of  work  on 
the  Temple  block  and  other  nearby  places,  and  all  flocked 
within  the  stone  wall  which  then  completely  surrounded 
Presidents  Young's  and  Heber  C.  KimbalPs  houses,  the  Tith- 
ing office  and  the  News  office,  and  quicker  than  it  can  be 
mentioned  in  detail  preparations  for  the  matinee  were  com- 
pleted. Scaffolding  had  been  erected  inside  the  south 
wall  from  the  printing  office  to  President  Young's,  a  distance 
of  probably  150  yards.  This  was  soon  filled  with  armed  men 
and  a  boy,  the  one  who  is  telling  this  story  being  the  latter. 
He  had  obtained  in  some  remote  corner  of  the  News  estab- 
lishment (where  he  was  an  apprentice)  an  old  yager  of  the 
vintage  of  1812,  with  a  bore  like  the  Mammoth  Cave  and  a 
mechanism  like  the  braking  apparatus  of  a  prairie  schooner. 
It  was  impossible  to  find  a  bullet  big  enough  to  fit  it,  so  after 
turning  into  the  cavernous  depths  a  handful  of  powder, 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION. 


85 


another  handful  of  leaden  bullets  a  little  larger  than  buck- 
shot was  turned  in  and  secured  with  wadding,  a  G.  D. 
cap  which  amounted  in  size  and  general  appearance  to  a  Lili- 
putian  plug  hat  was  placed  upon  the  nipple,  and  gun  and  ap- 
prentice were  ready  for  business.  They  were  prepared  to 
fight  it  out  on  that  platform  if  it  took  all  summer.  The 
soldiers  soon  appeared  in  full  force,  also  equipped  for  busi- 
ness. They  marched  briskly  to  the  brow  of  the  hill,  which 
was  then  some  little  distance  beyond  the  outer  fringe  of 
houses,  but  is  now  well  within  the  limits,  manoeuvered  for 

some  time,  unlimbered,  ad- 
vanced, fell  back,  deployed, 
skirmished,  "and  so  forth 
and  so  on, "for  fully  an  hour, 
during  which  time  the  boy? 

Distilled  almost  to  jelly  with  the 
act  of  fear, 

as  Shakespeare  writes  it, 
held  that  ancient  and  mori- 
bund piece  of  military  furni- 
ture, dreading  the  coming  of 
the  onslaught  and  wonder- 
ing if  there  would  be  much 
left  of  him  when  he  turned 
the  weapon  loose.  But  he 
never  did.  As  orderly  and  rapidly  as  they  came  the  troops 
returned,  and  the  performance'  was  not  encored,  never  has 
been,  in  fact. 

There  were  occasional  outbreaks  with  squads  of  the  mili- 
tary, one  that  was  quite  unprovoked  occurring  at  Provo  soon 
after  Judge  McKean's  "policy"  had  become  fully  developed. 
Not  much  damage  was  done;  the  citizens,  being  unprepared 
for  such  a  thing,  got  the  worst  of  it  to  begin  with,  but  the 
soldiers  lost  ultimately.  Another,  a  little  later,  was  when  a 
squad  of  troops  broke  down  the  doors  of  the  Salt  Lake  jail 
and  rescued  some  comrades  who  had  been  locked  up  for 


READY    FOR    BUSINESS. 


86  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

riotous  behavior;  but  of  late  collisions  are  almost  unknown, 
the  few  that  do  occur  being  far  apart  and  caused  usually  by 
the  promptings  of  one  John  Barleycorn. 

The  relations  with  the  soldiers,  it  is  to  be  observed,  were 
on  the  whole  the  essence  of  placidity  compared  with  the  state 
of  things  which  prevailed  during  the  regime  of  Judge  James 
B.  McKean  and  his  immediate  confreres,  these  being  the 
greater  number  of  the  Federal  officials  and  a  few  in  private 
life  who  became  conspicuous  by  reason  of  their  frenzied  oppo- 
sition to  everything  Mormon.  While  extra-judicial  perform- 
ances had  been  previously  indulged  in  in  a  more  or  less  desul- 
tory way,  there  was  not  much  of  an  attempt  at  systematizing 
and  engrafting  such  things  upon  the  body  politic  until  that 
subsequently  celebrated  gentleman  dawned  upon  the  scene 
and  spread  his  canvas — then  the  fur  began  to  fly.  He  came 
here  as  Chief  Justice  in  August,  1870. 

Regarding  Judge  McKean,  the  writer  cheerfully  bears 
witness  that  personally  he  was  many  removes  from  a  bad 
man.  A  thorough  gentleman  in  his  instincts  and  demeanor, 
moral  and  upright  in  his  habits,  and  as  fair-minded  as  any 
ordinary  man  who  ever  sat  in  judgment  when  presiding  over 
cases  in  which  his  "policy"  regarding  the  Mormons,  plainly 
outlined  from  the  beginning,  was  not  involved  in  any  manner. 
He  was  not  a  great  lawyer,  but  might  be  called  a  fairly  good 
one.  He  had  a  disposition  to  magnify  his  calling,  and  did  so  in 
his  first  big  case  (Engelbrecht's)  by  entitling  the  chief  tribunal 
over  which  he  presided  the  "Supreme  Court  of  theUnited  States 
for  the  Territory  of  Utah,"  a  creation  which  the  other  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  sat  down  on  and  thus  broke  down 
all  subsequent  proceedings  so  based.  He  declared  that  the 
proceeding  against  President  Young  for  lascivious  cohabita- 
tion was  properly  entitled  "Federal  Authority  vs.  Polygamic 
Theocracy" — in  which  his  honor  not  only  butted  up  against 
the  laws  of  Congress  and  the  Territory,  but  took  a  little  fall 
out  of  Noah  Webster  at  the  same  time.  In  sentencing  the 
first  victim  of  the  great  moral  raid  (1871)  he  said — "I  am  sorry 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION.  87 

for  you,  Thomas  Hawkins,"  which  he  doubtless  was,  and 
then 'went  on  to  upset  the  pail  of  milk  by  unloading  on  the  de- 
fendant a  diatribe  on  transgression  which  was  doubtless  well 
meant  and  not  in  the  least  abusive,  but  would  have  been  less 
oppressive  if  it  had  been.  To  tell  the  truth,  it  savored  some- 
what of  those  ancient  folk  who  were  sorry  others  were  not 
as  good  as  they,  and  shov.ed  a  plain  disposition  to  belabor 
others  over  Hawkins'  shoulders.  Hawkins  is  reported  to 
have  said  afterward  that  he  would  rather  be  sentenced  a 
dozen  times  in  plain  terms  than  have  to  listen  to  that  lecture 
again.  But  undoubtedly  he  was  not  educated  up  to  the  plat- 
form standard,and  might  have  felt  somewhat  prejudiced  besides. 
Finally  the  judge's  undoing  'Came  to  pass.  The  raid, 
of  which  he  was  the  head  and  front,  growing  by  what  it  fed 
on,  could  not  subsist  much  longer  in  an  American  atmos- 
phere. Indictments  seemed  to  grow  on  trees  and  President 
Young  was  fairly  shingled  over  with  them,  the  charges  em- 
bracing adultery,  lascivious  cohabitation,  polygamy  and 
murder,  there  being  about  half  a  dozen  for  the  latter  offense, 
one  of  them  found  on  information  obtained  from  Bill  Hick- 
man,  of  sainted  memory,  one  of  the  least  mild-mannered  men 
that  ever  cut  a  throat  or  robbed  a  train.  During  the  late  fall 
of  1871,  while  the  President  was  in  St.  George  on  his  semi- 
regular  vacation,  one  of  the  murder  cases  was  peremptorily 
set  for  trial  and  but  a  few  days  allowed  him  in  which  to  ap- 
pear. The  prosecuting  officers  tried  to  have  his  bail  for- 
feited, believing  and  hoping,  no  doubt,  that  he  could  not 
reach  Salt  Lake  within  the  time  set;  and  while  the  conten- 
tion was  at  its  height,  lo!  the  defendant  appeared  in  the 
doorway,  quite  unattended,  and  placed  himself  within  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  court!  The  incident  was  very  sensational 
and  dramatic,  without  the  slightest  design  of  its  being  so; 
but  it  dampened  the  ardor  of  the  judicial  bunco-steerers  very 
much.  It  was  only  for  a  moment,  and  they  immediately 
proceeded  from  the  point  at  which  they  had  left  off;  but  the 
indictments  were  never  tried. 


88  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

In  July,  1873,  President  Young, who  had  apparently  been 
somewhat  overlooked  by  the  raiders  for  some  time,  received 
another  reminder  of  the  fact  that  they  were  not  dead  nor 
sleeping,  but  had  only  been  waiting,  Ann  Eliza  Webb  Dee 
Young,  etc.,  somewhat  widely  known  as  "Wife  No.  19,"  by 
her  next  friend,  George  R.  Maxwell,  brought  a  suit  for 
divorce  and  alimony,  and  the  papers  were  duly  served. 
George,  by  the  bye,  was  one  of  the  "boys"  decidedly,  and 
apparently  wanted  to  make  everybody  believe  that  Mormons 
were  his  favorite  diet  three  times  a  day.  At  heart,  he  w  as 
not  half  as  bad  as  he  tried  to  make  it  appear.  He  was  dis- 
posed to  conviviality  on  a  rather  large  scale,  and  generally 
kept  a  long  way  from  the  methods  of  deportment  which  are 
supposed  to  characterize  the  typical  Sunday  school  teacher; 
but  much  was  overlooked  in  him  because  of  his  having 
fought  bravely  as  a  Union  soldier  through  the  civil  war  and 
been  literally  shot  to  pieces.  He  died  in  Salt  Lake  City, 
in  1889. 

Well,  this  suit  by  him  on  behalf  of  the  said  A.  E.  W.  D. 
Y.  promised  to  be  the  richest  pay  streak  the  legal  prospect- 
ors had  yet  struck;  but  with  the  exception  of  $3000  "suit 
money,"  or  some  such  thing,  which  was  paid  on  the  order 
of  the  court,  the  defendant  flatly  refused  to  produce  Then 
the  judge  got  mad,  and  in  his  wrath  he  ordered  Brig  ham  to 
pay  a  fine  of  $25  and  be  imprisoned  for  one  day  in  the  peni- 
tentiary for  contempt  of  court;  the  terms  could  not  be 
called  excessive  as  to  amount  and  extent,  but  the  defendant 
was  then  seventy-one  years  of  age,  far  from  well,  and  unac- 
customed to  the  kind  of  company  he  was  compelled  to  mingle 
with  in  the  prison.  Besides,  in  punishing  the  President  for 
contempt  of  his  court,  it  looked  like  the  judge  was  disposed 
to  add  another  hardship  to  his  victim's  inflictions  by  deny- 
ing him  a  privilege  which  nine-tenths  of  the  people  of  the 
Territory  indulged  in  without  restriction. 

Five  days  after  this  proceeding,  President  Grant  sent  to 
the  Senate  the  name  of  David  Lowe,  of  Kansas,  to  be  Chief 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION.  89 

Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Utah,  vice  McKean,  re- 
moved. The  blow  had  fallen.  Heavy-hearted,  the  jurist 
whose  uncurbed  animosity  in  pursuit  of  the  bubble  reputation 
had  brought  about  his  own  undoing,  returned  to  the  practice 
of  his  profession,  at  which  he  did  not  prosper.  The  coterie 
which  formerly  surrounded  and  upheld  him  as  a  demigod, 
and  in  whom  the  spirits  of  Draco,  Jeffreys  and  Marlborough 
seemed  for  a  time  to  have  found  reincarnation,  drifted  away 
from  him,  and  eventually  from  each  other,  so  far  as  the  tie 
that  formerly  bound  was  concerned,  and  after  a  more  or  less 
precarious  career,  he  died  in  Salt  Lake  City  in  January, 
1877,  of  typhoid  fever,  so  the  doctors  said,  and  undoubtebly 
they  were  correct  as  to  the  immediate  cause  of  dissolution, 
but  their  diagnosis  does  not  reach  to  a  broken  heart,  and 
this  undoubtedly  had  much  to  do  with  it. 

The  first  prosecution  for  polygamy  under  the  aws  of 
the  United  States  of  1861,  was  that  of  George  Reynolds, 
and  that  he  was  run  up  against  a  "brace  game"  has  been 
demonstrated  sufficiently.  The  fact  that  Brigham  Young  and 
Thomas  Hawkins  had  been  indicted  and  the  latter  prose- 
cuted for  adultery  or  something  equivalent  thereto,  under 
the  Territorial  statute,  thereby  perverting  it  and  seeking  to 
reach  the  ends  aimed  at  by  devious  means,  had  caused  so 
much  animadversion  as  to  make  the  campaign  somewhat  of 
a  scandal,  and  before  entering  upon  the  new  line  of  cam- 
paign, it  was  announced  to  be  the  proper  thing  to  select  a  vi- 
carious offender  and  put  him  through  the  mill  for  the 
purpose  of  determining  the  sufficiency  of  the  law  under  which 
the  action  was  brought.  So  Elder  George  Reynolds  was 
presented  and  accepted.  In  making  these  assertions  I  do 
not  rely  upon  the  record,  but  partly  upon  the  testimony  of 
one  of  the  grand  jury  by  which  the  indictment  was  found — 
the  late  James  Horrocks,  a  prominent  citizen  of  Ogden, 
whose  statement  to  this  effect  was  published  by  me  in 
\hejunctton  of^  that  city  along  about  1878.  He  said  with- 
out equivocation  that  the  jurors  were  instructed,  or  at  least 


90 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


advised,  that  there  was  no  disposition  to  inflict  punishment 
but  merely  a  design  on  the  part  of  the  Government's  repre- 
sentatives to  make  sure  of  their  ground  before  going  fur- 
ther. 

Mr.  Reynolds  was  tried  pursuant  to  the  indictment,  and 
found  guilty,  on  March  31,  1875.  The  case  was.  appealed  to 
the  Territorial  Supreme  Court,where  it  was  reversed,  and  was 
retried  in  September  of  the  same  year,  another  verdict  of 
guilty  being  found.  It  was  heard  by  the  United  States  Su- 
preme Court  late  in  1878,  and  affirmed  early  the  following 

year, when  the  defendant  found 
out  that  he  had  been  prose- 
cuted for  all  there  was  in  it  as 
well  as  some  things  that  were 
not.  He  was  sentenced  to  two 
years'  imprisonment,  and  sent 
to  the  Lincoln,Nebraska,  peni- 
tentiary, where  he  remained 
less  than  a  month,  being  then 
returned  to  Utah.  His  "test" 
amounted  to  serving  the  full 
term,  less  one  hundred  and 
forty-four  days  deducted  for 
good  behavior.  Mr.  Reynolds 
in  durance  vile  was  very  much 
like  Mr.  Reynolds  at  large — 
GEORGE  REYNOLDS.  easy-going,  unassuming,  at- 

tentive to  the  things  to  which 

attention  should  be  given,  respectful  to  those  in  authority, 
and  always  buoyed  above  present  misfortunes  by  a  "big 
hope  ahead."  He  regards  himself,  and  others  regard  him, 
as  anything  but  a  criminal  then,  previously  or  since;  and  it 
is  the  same  with  the  others  who  subsequently  went  over 
the  same  road. 

A  few  months  before  the  arrival  of  Judge  McKean, 
Governor  J.  Wilson  Shaffer  put  in  an  appearance,  and  during 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION.  91 

the  brief  time  of  their  joint  control  of  the  ranch,  if  they 
failed  to  see  eye  to  eye  as  to  any  point  of  local  policy,  the 
circumstance  never  leaked  out.  His  excellency  was  some- 
what peppery  in  his  form  of  speech,  and  never  left  any 
one  in  doubt  as  to  what  he  meant.  It  is  said  of  him,  when 
he  received  his  commission  he  exclaimed,  "After  me,  by 
God,  Brigham  Young  will  never  more  be  Governor  of  Utah.* 
And  this  proved  to  be  correct.  Brigham  was  not  Governor 
again,  nor  was  Shaffer  very  long;  he  died  October  31,  1870. 
Before  passing  out  he  managed  to  accomplish  two  very  un- 
usual things — he  abolished  the  Fourth  of  July  by  proclama- 
tion, and  knocked  out  the  constitutional  right  of  the  citizen  to 
bear  arms,  also  by  proclamation.  During  his  ephemeral 
career  he  was  hailed  by  the  ultra  non-Mormons  as  "the  only 
real  Governor  Utah  ever  had."  Most  of  them  having  been 
here  as  much  as  two  years,  and  having  had  such  unusual 
opportunities  for  determining  the  situation  as  come  from  as- 
sociation with  but  one  side  of  it,  the  judgment  will  have  to 
stand — as  to  them.  Shaffer,  like  McKean,  served  honorably 
in  the  Union  army  and  was  personally  upright. 

Speaking  of  the  Fourth  of  July  reminds  me  that  there 
have  been  no  celebrations  of  the  Nation's  natal  day  equal  to 
those  the  Mormons  got  up  every  year  until  stopped  at  the 
patriotic  business.  The  parades  were  always  on  a  stupen- 
dous scale,  the  proceedings  afterwards  invariably  interesting 
and  a  whole-souled  feeling  of  enjoyment  pervaded  the  com- 
munities. On  the  Fourth  of  1880,  feeling  to  give  an  outward 
expression  of  sorrow  for  their  imprisoned  brethren  who  had 
so  numerously  been  "arraigned  without  charge,  tried  without 
evidence  and  condemned  without  crime,"  they  used  the 
national  emblem  for  that  purpose.  This  made  considerable 
of  a  row.  It  was  held  by  the  "common  enemy"  that  the 
flag  was  insulted  and  was  treated  that  way  by  the  Mormons 


*  Perhaps  he  meant  to  paiaphrase  Mme.  de  Pompadour,  "After  me  the 
deluge." 


92  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

to  show  their  contempt  for  it.  If  this  had  been  true,  it  "were 
a  grievous  fault,"  and  grievously  should  it  have  been  an- 
swered. But  it  was  not  true.  The  Stars  and  Stripes  were 
flung  to  the  breeze  almost  the  first  thing  after  the  Pioneers 
arrived,  and  was  always  an  object  of  veneration,  being  inva- 
riably treated  with  as  much  reverence  and  respect  on  all 
occasions  as  anywhere  else  in  the  Republic.  Because  of  its 
being  a  sacred  emblem  it  was  used  as  the  means  of  giv- 
ing expression,  by  half-masting,  to  the  people's  sadness — that 
was  all. 

If  Salt  Lake  had  more  of  this  sort  of  thing  than  other 
places  in  Utah,  it  was  because  of  her  greater  population  and 
conveniences.  There  were  others;  in  fact,  every  part  of  the 
Territory  contributed  more  or  less  grist  towards  keeping  the 
"mills  of  the  gods"  grinding,  and  they  did  not  grind  so 
very  slowly  either  when  they  get  right  down  to  it,  which  they 
did  shortly  after  Chief  Justice  Charles  S.  Zane  arrived  and 
got  things  in  running  order. 


THE  "HEATED    TERM"  ELSEWHERE. 

BEFORE  engaging  in  a  statement  of  things  under  his  ad- 
ministration, let  us  pay  a  little  visit  to  Beaver,  which  for  a 
time  was  really  a  greater  storm  centre  than  any  other  place. 
Up  to  Statehood  this  was  the  seat  of  the  District  Court  for 
all  the  southern  counties,  and  a  term  usually  meant  that  there 
was  something  doing,  what  with  the  dragnet  operating  in 
seven  widespread  counties  between  times  and  all  the  catch 
being  landed  there  for  trial. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  go  over  too  much  ground,  so  the 
most  celebrated  case  of  all  will  be  referred  to,  it  showing  to 
some  extent  the  manner  in  which  justice  was  dispensed  (and 
dispensed  with  occasionally).  I  refer  to  the  trial  of  John  D. 
Lee,  for  complicity  in  the  Mountain  Meadows  massacre,  and 
in  doing  so  will  be  very  brief,  partly  because  a  few  sentences 
will  do  and  partly  because  this  book  or  any  part  thereof  is 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION.  93 

not  designed  as  a  literary  chamber  of  horrors.*  Lee  was  tried 
twice,  with  Judge  Jacob  S.  Boreman  on  the  bench.  The  first 
time  the  trial  began  July  22,  1875.  The  prosecuting  at- 
torney, in  opening  the  case,  said — "We  don't  know  how  far 
this  investigation  will  lead  us,  but  we  hope  to  trace  the  crime 
to  its  source."  This  "source"  was  shown  to  be,  in  the  con- 
templation of  the  prosecution,  President  Young's  office  in 
Salt  Lake  City.  The  animus  was  thus  fully  disclosed,  but 
was  more  completely  borne  out  during  the  proceedings.  Like 
the  McKean  raid,  ulterior  purposes  by  sinister  methods  were 
aimed  at.  Once  during  the  examination  of  a  witness,  Judge 
J.  G.  Sutherland,  for  the  defense,  objected,  saying  among 
other  things — "I  see  through  your  scheme.  John  D.  Lee  is 
a  scapegoat.  Brigham  Young  is  the  man  aimed  at,"  a  sally 
which  brought  this  semi-admission  from  the  prosecution — 
"Now  the  gentleman's  real  client  is  touched."  There  was 
much  more  in  the  same  line,  but  this  will  suffice.  The  jury 
failed  to  agree.  It  was  composed  of  nine  Mormons  and  three 
Gentiles,  and  the  vote  on  every  ballot  stood  two  for  convic- 
tion and  ten  for  acquittal. 

On  the  second  trial,  which  began  Sept.  14,  1876,  a  new 
District  Attorney,  in  the  person  of  Sumner  Howard,  had  ar- 
rived. He  tried  Lee  alone  and  without  dragging  in  outsiders, 
and,  though  the  jury  was  entirely  Mormon,  secured  a  con- 
viction. In  sentencing  the  defendant  the  court  went  out  of 
his  way  to  engage  in  a  tirade  against  the  Mormon  Church 
(to  which  Lee  belonged)  and  said  to  him — "A  former  jury- 
failed  to  convict  you,  and  yet  the  evidences  of  your  guilt 
were  most  plain."  Waiving  all  other  things,  how  does  that 
sound  in  connection  with  a  sentence  of  death — a  time  when 


*  It  is  well  to  say  here  that  many  incidents  of  great  moment  illustrative 
of  the  immediate  subject  are  not  used  in  this  publication  ior  the  above  and 
other  reasons.  To  give  them  all  would  make  this  twice  as  large  a  volume 
as  is  designed,  an£  besides  the  object  is  not  so  much  to  give  history  in  de 
tail  as  to  show  general  conditions,  how  they  came  about  and  on  what  they 
were  sustained. 


94  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

courts  are  supposed  to  and  usually  do  show  some  Christian 
feeling  and  perform  their  painful  duty  as  humanely  as  possible? 
And  yet  Judge  Boreman  is  and  was  by  no  means  a  hard- 
hearted or  an  unchristianlike  man;  on  the  contrary  he  is  (or 
was)  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church  in  good  standing, 
and  I  have  personally  and  otherwise  known  of  many  kind  and 
neighborly  deeds  he  has  performed.  The  spirit  of  hateful 
opposition  with  cause  where  it  existed  and  on  general  princi- 
ples where  there  was  no  special  cause,  was  rife  and  the  Judge 
was  merely  "in  the  swim."  He  with  the  others  were  follow- 
ing seriously  the  humorous  advice  of  "Bob"  Burdette,  to 
"lose  no  chance  to  take  a  whack  at  the  Mormons."  Thus 
things  went  along,  getting  "no  better  fast,"  for  several 
years. 


THE  COMBAT  THICKENS,  THEN  SUBSIDES. 

IT  WOULD  be  taking  up  too  much  time  and  space  to  refer 
at  any  length  to  the  impetuous  and  showy  but  utterly  ineffec- 
tive administration  of  Governor  Murray.  "Beauty  is  as 
beauty  does,"  but  in  his  actions  he  was  not  always  what  he 
was  every  time  and  always  in  appearance — undeniably  a 
very  handsome  man.  He  added  no  little  fuel  to  the  flames, 
and  made  a  lot  of  territorial  and  county  appointments  that  were 
ignored,  litigated  and  finally  knocked  out;  also  he  vetoed 
pretty  much  everything  done  by  the  Legislature,  and  finally 
stooped  to  actual  meanness  by  having  the  pay  of  the  law- 
makers and  their  officers  diverted  to  the  courts,  but  this  was 
afterwards  straightened  out  by  the  Government.  During  his 
sojourn  the  social  lines  between  the  two  classes  of  society 
here  were,  if  anything,  made  a  little  tighter  and  plainer  than 
ever;  it  got  so  that  if  a  visiting  Gentile  made  a  friendly  call 
at  the  house  of  a  Mormon  friend  and  took  a  meal,  for  in- 
stance, the  visitor  was  immediately  branded  as  a  "jack-Mor- 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION. 


mon"  and  tabooed  accordingly;  but,  of  course,  this  sort  of 
thing  was  not  introduced  during  the  Governor's  regime  by 
any  means,  it  being  a  time-worn  but  not  exactly  time-honored 
custom  which  began  years  back.  And  at  this  point  let  us  give 
the  Governors  a  rest. 

Judge  Zane  arrived  in  Salt  Lake  City  on  August  23, 
1884,  and  a  few  weeks  later  took  his  seat  on  the  bench  of 
the  Third  District  Court,  (He  was  also  Chief  Justice  of  the 

Supreme  Court.)  He  proved 
to  be  an  abler  lawyer  than 
most  of  his  predecessors  and 
for  some  time  the  court  ma- 
chinery ran  along  without 
hitching.  His  first  tilt  with 
the  "problem"  was  in  the 
case  of  the  United  States  vs. 
Rudger  Clawson  for  polyg- 
amy and  unlawful  cohab- 
itation. The  jury  list  being 
exhausted  before  the  panel 
was  complete,  an  open  venire 
was  ordered;  this  not  being 
in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Territorial  or 
Federal  law,  was  excepted 
to  by  the  defense  and  made 
the  principal  feature  of  the 
grounds  for  a  subsequent  ap- 
peal. The  local  Supreme  Court  upheld  the  trial  court  in  all 
material  respects,  so  did  the  United  States  Supreme  Court 
later  on,  holding  that  the  summoning  and  impaneling  of  a 
jury  by  such  means  was  one  of  the  inherent  powers  of  the 
court.  He  was  sentenced  to  three  and  a  half  years  and  $500 
fine  for  polygamy  and  six  months  and  $300  fine  for  unlawful 
cohabitation.  After  imprisonment  of  three  years  one  month 
and  ten  days  he  was  pardoned  by  President  Cleveland. 


RUDGER    CLAWSON, 


96  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

From  this  point  on,  the  campaign  against  "polygamic" 
offenses  waxed  warm  and  active,  the  Judge  lending  all  the 
aid  his  position  was  capable  of  to  it.  In  point  of  effectiveness 
and  results,  Judge  Zane  made  Judge  McKean's  record  look 
like  a  thing  of  shreds  and  patches.  "Abandon  hope,  all  ye 
who  enter  here,"  was  not  written  over  the  entrance  to  the 
court  room,  and  would  not  have  been  appropriate  anyway, 
because  if  the  defendant  happened  to  be  accused  of  anything 
else  than  unlawful  cohabitation  or  polygamy  he  stood  as  good 
a  chance  to  get  away  as  though  it  were  any  other  court; 
otherwise,  otherwise.  The  "twin  relic"  and  its  corollaries 
were  to  go  and  the  element  of  force  was  to  be  the  prime  fac- 
tor in  reaching  the  consummation. 

In  prosecuting  unlawful  cohabitation  cases  against  those 
of  the  Mormons  who,  according  to  the  language  of  Judge 
Judd.  had  "had  the  misfortune  to  be  found  out,"  some  unusual 
and  peculiar  conditions  were  created.  Precedents  wanting, 
they  had  to  be  made,  and  the  making  was  not  always  gauged 
by  understood  and  recognized  principles  of  law.  To  begin 
with,  the  line  of  separation  between  the  malum  in  se  and  the 
malum prohibition  was  nearly  if  not  quite  effaced  for  the  Mor- 
mons' special  benefit,  and  all  polygamy  and  cohabitation  cases 
were  practically  placed  upon  an  equal  footing  with  anything  in 
the  whole  gamut  of  crime,  from  petty  larceny  to  murder  in 
the  first  degree.  There  were  no  extenuating  circumstances 
and  few  personal  considerations  allowed,  and  almost  no  ac- 
quittals. To  be  tried  was  to  be  convicted,  and  to  be  con- 
victed was  to  go  to  the  penitentiary  along  with  felons  of  high 
and  low  degree  as  well  as  various  colors,  sexes,  ages  and 
previous  conditions.  Only  one  part  of  the  punishment  could 
be  evaded — the  inevitable  $300  fine  accompanying  the  im- 
prisonment, and  this  only  on  a  plain  showing  that  the  "crim- 
inal" didn't  have  the  property;  that  is,  if  he  couldn't  pay  he 
didn't  have  to,  but  this  exemption  was  enjoyed  by  all  other 
kinds  of  convicted  people  upon  whom  fines  were  imposed, 
so  the  Mormons  could  not  plume  themselves  upon  its  being  a 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION.  97 

special  feature  in  their  behalf.  The  right  of  appeal  was  not 
denied,  of  course,  and  if  the  convicted  person  had  $1000  or 
so  handy  he  could  have  his  case  taken  up  on  review,  but  as 
there  was  no  suspension  of  judgment,  his  term  of  imprison- 
ment would  likely  run  out  before  its  correctness  was  passed 
upon. 

Other  legal  fungi  were  engendered,  among  which  was 
the  professional  and  mechanical  juror.  Men  stood  in  waiting 
to  be  drawn  for  petit  jurors,  and  sometimes,  but  necessarily  nqt 
so  often,  for  grand  jurors.  These  men's  duties,  on  the  sur- 
face, were  the  same  as  those  of  men  similarly  engaged  else- 
where. They  were  possessed  of  the  statutory  qualifications, 
swore  they  had  no  bias  or  prejudice  one  way  or  another  and 
would  find  in  accordance  with  the  facts,  which  probably  in 
most  cases  they  did.  But  here  is  a  question:  Are  men  who, 
by  means  of  a  regular  routine,  are  made  to  know  what  kind 
of  findings  are  expected  from  them  and  that  failure  to  so  find 
means  immediate  dismissal,in  possession  of  the  receptive  frame 
of  mind  which  Alfred  the  Great  contemplated  when  he  in- 
vented the  jury  system? 

And  again:  Is  the  railroading  process  in  dealing  with 
defendants  whose  offenses  are  not  specifically  against  the 
common  law  but  only  against  creations  of  statutes,  and  these 
in  some  cases  after  the  fact,  the  correct  thing  in  modern  juris- 
prudence and  practice  anyway  ? 

The  "professionals"  spoken  of  have  been  seen,  like  a  lot 
of  supernumeraries  at  the  wings  of  a  theatre  stage,waiting  for 
their  cue  to  march  on  and  take  their  machine-like  parts  in 
the  play,  and  sometimes  one  set,  or  several  of  any  particular 
panel,  would  "try"  a  number  of  cases  without  once  leaving 
the  vicinity  of  the  court  room.  I  once  heard  one  of  these 
worthies  complaining  because  he  had  been  called  away  by 
sickness  or  something,  and  in  the  meantime  several  "cohab." 
trials  had  been  reeled  off  and  thereby  he  had  lost  his  regular 
fees  as  a  juror  in  those  cases!  His  name  was  Coalter,  or 


98  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

i 

something    like  that;  I  seem  to  have  forgotten  it,  partly,  and 
am  willing  to  forget  it  altogether. 

On  August  26,  1888,  Judge  Zane  was  superseded  by 
Elliot  B.  Sandford,  of  the  New  York  bar,  and  a  personal  friend 
of  President  Cleveland.  At  the  same  time  there  was  a  sus- 
pension of  hostilities,  and  an  armistice  followed,  by  the  terms 
of  which  light  penalties  were  imposed  on  those  who  pleaded 
guilty,  which  a  great  many  did.  A  much  better  feeling  re- 
sulted, but  it  did  not  last  long,  for  on  June  3,  1889,  Judge 
Sandford,  having  refused  to  resign  by  request  of  headquarters, 
was  peremptorily  removed  by  President  Harrison  and  Judge 
Zane  reappointed.  There  wasn't  so  much  doing  as  before, 
probably  for  want  of  material  to  work  on,  but  still  the  ma- 
chine was  not  idle  by  any  means.  Altogether  the  number 
who  were  trooped  off  to  the  penitentiary  for  the  offenses 
spoken  of  nearly  corresponded  to  that  of  the  famous  Light 
Brigade  at  Balaklava — 600.  If  anything,  it  was  a  little  in 
excess  of  that  figure.  Incidentally,  half  a  dozen  women 
"living  in  the  repute  of  marriage"  with  men  who  were 
otherwise  uxoriously  provided  for  were  imprisoned  for  re- 
fusing to  do  what  women  are  presumed  to  be  quite  willing 
to  do  as  a  rule — tell  what  they  know  about  things.  The 
most  conspicuous  of  these  cases  was  that  of  Belle  Harris, 
who  with  an  infant  child  was  held  in  captivity  for  some  three 
months;  she  and  the  others  endured  the  infliction  patiently 
and  decorously  and  became  heroines  by  common  consent. 
Many  of  the  men  were  well-to-do,  nearly  all  were  property 
owners  to  some  extent,  and  all  were  educated  fully  up  to  the 
average  with  a  number  greatly  beyond  that,  and  almost  with- 
out exception  they  were,  leaving  aside  the  offense  of  which 
they  were  convicted,  reputable,  law-abiding  citizens.*  Pe- 
culiar criminals,  these! 

*  Many  of  the  leading  men  oi  the  Church,  realizing  the  hopelessness  of 
the  situation,  betook  themselves  to  voluntary  exile,  and  in  this  state  of 
seclusion  President  John  Taylor,  whose  age  and  infirmities  made  him  un- 
equal to  the  strain,  gare  up  his  life. 


THE  PERIOD  OF  FRICTION.  99 

On  September  24,  1890,  President  Wilford  Woodruff 
promulgated  a  manifesto,  by  means  of  which  he  denied 
that  there  had  been  any  polygamous  marriages  for  a  good 
while,  but  such  marriages  and  their  concomitant  relations 
were  abrogated,  and  then  the  beginning  of  the  end  of  the 
long-lived,  perilous,  trying  situation  was  at  once  ushered  in. 
The  beams  of  the  rising  sun  of  Statehood  were  now  plainly 
apparent  and  becoming  brighter  with  each  succeeding  day. 
The  demon  of  discord  spread  his  ugly  pinions  once  more, 
took  flight  and  relieved  us  of  his  hateful  presence.  Now  and 
then  there  is  some  little  clashing,  as  there  is  everywhere  and 
caused,  as  previously  observed,  almost  entirely  by  political 
differences.  These  are  sometimes  quite  active  if  not  acri- 
monious, and  now  and  then  bring  up  a  suggestion  of  by-gone 
days,  the  most  conspicuous  instance  being  that  of  the  election 
of  B.  H,  Roberts  to  Congress  and  its  outgrowths.  (This 
case  is  presented  further  along.)  But  there  are  no  longer 
prosecutions  of  a  class  and  none  of  individuals  which  are  in- 
spired by  the  Moloch  ambition  or  the  demon  hate.  Mormons 
and  non-Mormons  blend  in  the  marts  of  trade,  in  the  high- 
ways of  travel,  in  societv,  in  gatherings  of  all  kinds,  and 
only  those  who  are  acquainted  could  tell  one  from  the  other.* 
Progress  and  prosperity  are  the  common  inspiration  of  the 
time.  White-throated  peace  perches  upon  the  ramparts  of 
the  State. 


Judge  Zane  became  the  fir*t  Chief  Justice  of  the  new  sovereignty,  and 
a  wise,  just  and  capable  judge  he  was,  by  his  vast  and  varied  experience 
aiding  materially  the  work  of  guiding  and  handling  the  newly-launched 
cratt  through  the  inevitably  snaggy  and  reefy  waters  of  incipient  Statehood. 


UTAH  S   GOVERNORS,    WITH    DATES    OF    SERVICE. 


STATEHOOD. 


THE   45TH    STAR    IN    THE    NATIONAL   FIRMA- 
MENT APPEARS. 

LIKE  the  launching  of  a  great  ship,  which  shows  no  sign 
of  moving  until  it  is  on  the  ways  and  then  reaches  its 
element  so  swiftly  that  the  eye  can  scarcely  follow  it^— pro- 
ceeding from  inertia  and  dead  silence  to  a  terrific  splash  and 
general  commotion — Utah  was  ushered  into  the  Union  of 
States  as  a  full  member  thereof.  The  admission  proclama- 
tion was  promulgated  by  President  Cleveland  on  the  third 
day  of  January,  1896.  It  was  proposed  for  some  time  that 
the  day  be  made  a  legal  holiday,  but  as  Utah  has  more  of 
such  than  enough,  the  suggestion  failed  to  carry,  and 
yet  it  is  a  more  consequential  date  than  are  some  of  the 
red-letter  days.  The  occasion  itself  was  most  propitious. 
Although  at  a  time  when  the  weather  is  usually  forbidding, 
the  air  was  still  and  the  temperature  quite  moderate.  There 
was  not  a  cloud  in  the  sky  and  the  sun  shone  with  a  brilliancy 
that  made  it  appear  as  if  he  too  were  all  smiles  and  rejoic- 
ing because  the  period  of  travail  for  Utah,  which  he  had 
marked  from  the  beginning,  was  no  more.  What  a  splendid 
omen!  What  a  delightful  introduction!  What  a  glorious 
harbinger!  And  what  a  gratifying,  promising  state  of  things 
prevailed!  The  once  discordant  elements  got  along  without 
jarring  or  jostling;  there  were  seldom  references  to  past  con- 
flicts and  animosities;  the  elements  blended  in  social  and  polit- 


102  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

ical  affairs  without  a  suggestion  of  former  differences,  and 
"all  went  merry  as  a  marriage  bell." 

In  Salt  Lake  City  the  proceedings  were  very  hilarious. 
The  manager  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  office  had 
obtained  permission  from  the  mayor  to  fire  off  a  gun  in  the 
street  when  the  news  came,  and  about  10  a.m.  he  rushed 
from  his  office,  through  the  front  door  with  a  double-bar- 
reled shotgun  in  his  hand,  and  reaching  the  edge  of  the  side- 
walk he  turned  loose  both  barrels.  This  was  the  signal 
that  the  President's  proclamation  announcing  the  new  mem- 
bership in  the  great  household  had  been  signed  and  State- 
hood— the  great  boon  so  long  wanted,  so  frequently  asked 
for  and  so  persistently  denied — was  an  accomplished  fact.  At 
once  whistles  everywhere  were  screeching,  firearms  were 
discharged  with  utter  disregard  of  the  ordinances  or  any- 
thing else,  all  kinds  of  noises,  mechanical  and  vocal,  rent  the 
air,  and  made  the  town  a  regular  bedlam  for  a  while.  Bands 
played,  flags  were  displayed  in  every  direction,  everybody  on 
the  crowded  streets  was  hilarious,  and  the  time  was  made 
memorable  by  unrestrained  joyousness.  It  was  a  great 
time. 

Doubtless  many  people  there  were  who,  while  feeling 
exuberant  enough,  succeeded  in  keeping  within  the  bound- 
aries of  reasonable  restraint,  but  the  majority  were  otherwise. 
A  prominent  churchman  and  personal  friend  of  the  writer's 
met  him  immediately  after  the  signal  was  fired  and  threw  his 
arms  around  the  scribe's  neck  with  as  much  impetuosity, 
exuberance  and  affection  as  though  the  latter  were  a  winsome 
woman  (nearly  enough  related  to  justify  such  a  perform- 
ance, of  course),  instead  of  being  a  plain-looking  masculine 
whose  chief  attraction  was  a  new  suit  of  clothes  bought  the 
day  before.  The  churchman  felt  like  a  great  many  others, 
and  could  hardly  find  words  to  give  his  feelings  expression, 
which  may  in  some  manner  account  for  his  acts  in  that  con- 
nection. 

"I   can  hardly  realize  it,"   he  said;  "I    have   waited  for 


STATEHOOD.  103 

this  day  a  long  time,  and  now  it  is  here  I  can't  grasp  the  full 
import  of  it  [which  is  probably  the  reason  he  grasped  me  so 
fervently].  Don't  you  think  it  a  great,  grand  day?" 

"Yes,  indeed,"  I  replied;  "we  have  got  our  white  ele- 
phant at  last." 

He  looked  half  shocked  and  half  incredulously  at  this. 
That  anyone  could  be  so  lost  to  the  sublimity  of  the  occasion 
as  to  give  even  a  thought  to  its  responsibilities  must  have 
seemed  well-nigh  sacrilegious.  But  all  hands  and  the  cook 
have  thought  of  them  since,  and  those  who  now  look  upon 
the  really  proud  and  altogether  desirable  boon  of  Statehood 
as  a  condition  of  things  not  wholly  beatific  or  even  free  trom 
rasping  circumstances  are,  it  is  painfully  apparent,  neither 
few  in  number  nor  far  apart.  That  is,  the  glamour  has  disap- 
peared and  the  stern  realities  being  something  that  were  not 
seriously  considered  beforehand  seem  a  little  harder  than  they 
really  are  in  consequence.  It  is  putting  it  a  little  too  severely 
to  say  that  the  situation  is  another  case  of  Sinbad  the  sailor 
and  the  lonely  man  of  the  ocean — that  having  taken  State- 
hood upon  our  shoulders  we  cannot  get  rid  of  it  and  will 
have  to  wear  it  to  the  end  whether  or  no,  but  a  good  many 
who  were  most  exuberant  seem  to  feel  that  way.  (This 
doesn't  include  the  churchman  spoken  of,  by  any  means). 
With  these  getting  accustomed — or  seasoned — to  the  situation 
and  learning  to  appreciate  conditions  because  of  their  real 
instead  of  their  fancied  worth,  the  number  of  malcontents  has 
rapidly  dwindled  and  will  finally  disappear  altogether. 

It  is  not  so  very  long  ago,  not  much  more  than  a  decade, 
thatU.  S.  Marshal  Frank  Dyer  (since  deceased),  Judge  J.  W. 
Judd  and  several  others  engaged  in  a  movement  looking  to 
the  granting  to  Utah  by  the  Government  of  a  form  of  home 
rule  which  would  amount  to  modified  Statehood,  this  being 
considered  a  palliative  for  some  of  the  evils  inseparable  from 
Territorial  rule .  This  was  as  near  to  a  demand  for  independ- 
ence for  Utah  as  any  Gentile  dared  to  go  at  that  time,  and 
even  it  brought  down  the  wrath  of  the  leaders  and  the 


104  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

unsparing  scorn  and  ridicule  of  the  Salt  Lake  Tribune,  the 
Gentile  or  Liberal  organ.  The  movement  came  to  naught, 
but  following  closely  upon  its  heels  was  the  establishment  of 
national  party  lines  (elsewhere  spoken  of  at  length),  and  upon 
the  disappearance  of  the  Liberal  party  the  movement  for 
Statehood  became  spontaneous.  The  last  vestige  of  Federal 
authority  was  at  last  gone,  we  received  what  we  had  demanded 
and  craved  so  long,  and  because  it  has  not  proved  to  be  all 
"skittles  and  beer"  is  no  reason  why  it  is  not  all  that  it  ever 
promised  to  be.  The  more  judicious  and  less  penurious  are 
thankful  beyond  expression  that  Utah  controls  herself  in  her 
own  way,  and  hopeful  that  wherein  the  way  may  be  imper- 
fect or  even  bad,  the  agencies  of  improvement  are  at  work 
and  will  not  cease  until  our  commonwealth  is  inferior  to  none 
in  all  that  goes  to  make  States  proud  and  enduring  and  their 
people  prosperous  and  upright. 


THE  CONSTITUTIONAL  CONVENTION. 

As  THE  clothing  for  the  infant  is  generally  in  readiness 
before  the  advent  occurs,  a  constitution  must  be  prepared, 
passed  upon  and  in  full-fledged  existence  before  the  ship  of 
State  is  put  into  commission,  to  do  which  requires  a  Constitu- 
tional Convention  called  for  the  purpose.  The  act  of  Con- 
gress conveying  the  necessary  authority  for  such  proceeding 
was  passed  and  approved  July  16, 1894,  and  the  Convention  met 
in  Salt  Lake  City  on  March  4,  1895,  with  the  following  mem- 
bership: 

Louis  Bernhardt  Adams,  George  Mousley  Cannon, 

Rufus  Albern  Allen,  John  Foy  Chidester, 

Andrew  Smith  Anderson,  Parley  Christiansen, 

fohn  Richard  Barnes,  Thomas  H.  Clark,  Jr., 

John  Rutledge  Bowdle,  Louis  Larille  Coray, 

John  Sell  Boyer,  Elmer  Ellsworth  Corfman, 

Theodore  Brandley,  Charles  Crane, 

Herbert  Guion  Button,  William  Creer, 

William  Buys,  George  Cunningham, 

Chester  Call,  Arthur  John  Cushing, 


STATEHOOD. 


105 


William  Driver, 
Dennis  Clay  Eichnor, 
Alma  Eldredge, 
George  Rhodes  Emery, 
Andreas  Engberg, 
David  Evans, 
Abel  John  Evans, 
Lorin  Farr, 
Samuel  Francis, 
William  Henry  Gibbs, 
Charles  Carroll  Goodwin, 
James  Frederic  Green, 
Francis  Asbury  Hammond, 
Charles  Henry  Hart, 
Harry  Haynes, 
John  Daniel  Holladay, 
Robert  W.  Heybourne,    • 
Samuel  Hood  Hill, 
William  Howard, 
Henry  Hughes, 
Joseph  Alonzo  Hyde, 
Anthony  Woodward  Ivins, 
William  F.  James, 
Lycurgus  Johnson, 
Joseph  Loftis  Jolley, 
Frederick  John  Kiesel, 
David  Keith, 
Thomas  Kearns, 
William  Jasper  Kerr, 
Andrew  Kimball, 
James  Nathaniel  Kimball, 
Richard  G.  Lambert, 
Lauritz  Larsen, 
Christen  Peter  Larsen, 
Hyrum  Lemmon, 
Theodore  Belden  Lewis, 
William  Lowe, 
Peter  Lowe, 
James  Paton^Low, 
Anthony  Canute  Lund, 
Karl  G.  Maeser, 
Richard  Mackintosh, 
Thomas  Maloney, 


Robert  McFarland, 
George  P.  Miller, 
Elias  Moiris, 
Jacob  Moritz, 
John  Riggs  Murdock, 
Joseph  Royal  Murdock, 
James  David  Murdock, 
Aquila  Nebeker, 
Jeremiah  Day  Page, 
Edward  Partridge, 
J.  D.  Peters, 
Mons  Peterson, 
James  Christian  Peterson, 
Franklin  Pierce, 
William  B.  Preston, 
Alonzo  Hazelton  Raleigh, 
Franklin  Snyder  Richards, 
Joel  Ricks, 

Brigham  Henry  Roberts, 
Jasper  Robertson, 
Joseph  Eldredge  Robinson, 
Willis  Eugene  Robison, 
George  Ryan, 
John  Henry  Smith, 
George  B.  Squires, 
William  Gilson  Sharp, 
Harrison  Tuttle  Shurtliff, 
Edward  Hunter  Snow, 
Hyrum  Hupp  Spencer, 
David  Bramerd  Stover, 
Charles  Nettleton  Strevell, 
Charles  William  Symons, 
Daniel  Thompson, 
Moses  Thatcher, 
Ingwald  Conrad  Thoresen, 
Joseph  Ephraim  Thome, 
Samuel  R.  Thurrnan, 
William  Grant  Van  Home, 
Charles  Stetson  Varian, 
Heber  M.  Wells, 
Noble  Warrum,  Jr., 
Orson  Ferguson  Whitney, 
Joseph  John  Williams. 


William  H.  Maughan, 

The  officers  were  as  follows: 
President:  John  Henry  Smith,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Secretaries:  Parley  P.  Christensen,  Grantsville,  Tooele  County;  C.  S. 

Assistant,  Ogden,  Weber  County. 


Rapp, 


106 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Enrolling  and   Engrossing  Clerk:  Joseph   A.    Smith,   Providence,    Cache 

County. 

Sergeant-at-arms.  R.  Clawson,  Ephraim,  Sanpete  County. 
Messenger:  Thomas  S.  Watson,  Heber,  Wasatch  County. 
Watchman:  Bruce  Johnson,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Janitor:  J.  N.  Scott,  Salt  Lake  City. 

Pages:  John  H.  Thorn,  Salt  Lake  City;  L.  C.  Camp,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Committee  Clerks:  Miss  B.  T.  Macmasters,  Salt  Lake  City;  Miss  Henrietta 

Clark,  Salt  Lake  City. 

The  proceedings  continued  until  May  8,  and  were  very 
voluminous.  The  Constitution  that  was  formulated  was  rati- 
fied by  the  voters  of  the  State  by  an  immense  majority,  the 
election — at  which  State  officers  and  a  Legislature  were  also 
chosen — being  on  November  5. 


FIRST  STATE  OFFICERS. 

THE  election  above  spoken  of  developed  the  presence  of 
three  parties  in  Utah — Republican,  Democratic  and  Populist, 
the  first  named  winning  by  an  average  plurality  of  about 
2000.  The  tickets  were  as  follows: 


REPUBLICAN. 

Congressman; 

C.  E.  Allen. 
Governor: 

Heber  M.  Wells. 
Supreme  Court  Judges: 

Charles  S.  Zane, 

George  W.  Bartch, 

James  A.  Miner. 
Secretary  of  State: 

James  T.  Hammond. 
Attorney  General: 

A.  C.  Bishop. 
Treasurer: 

James  Chipman. 
Auditor: 

Morgan  Richards. 
School  Superintendent: 

John  R.  Park. 


DEMOCRATIC. 

B.  H.  Roberts. 
John  T.  Caine. 

Thomas  Maloney, 
Samuel  R.  Thurman, 
Richard  W.  Young. 

Fisher  S.  Harris. 
A.  J.  Weber. 
Alma  Greenwood. 
Guy  C.  Wilson. 
Karl  G.  Maeser. 


POPULIST. 

James  Hogan. 
Henry  W.  Lawrence. 

No  nominations. 

Thomas  C.  Bailey. 
J.  S.  Weaver. 
Thos.  L.  Jones. 
Hans  O.  Young. 
I.  T.  Alvord. 


MEMBERS  OF   FORMER   LEGISLATOR'S — SENATORS. 


108  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

THE  STATE  LEGISLATURES. 

THE  FIRST  Legislature  assembled  in  the  rooms  arranged 
for  it  in  the  Joint  City  and  County  building  in  Salt  Lake  City 
at  high  noon  on  the  second  Monday  in  January,  1896.  The 
session  was  limited  by  the  Constitution  to  ninety  days,  all  of 
which  were  occupied,  and  more  too,  for,  like  every  previous 
and  subsequent  session,  the  last  legislative  "day"  consisted  of 
several  days.  George  M.  Cannon  of  Salt  Lake  was  chosen 
President  of  the  Council  and  Presley  Denny  of  Beaver 
Speaker  of  the  House.  No  delay  was  experienced  in  getting 
down  to  business,  albeit  the  first  sitting  was  temporary,  occu- 
pying practically  all  of  the  first  day. 

In  order  to  give  a  better  understanding  of  the  member- 
ship in  each  case,  the  locality  of  the  members  by  Legislative 
districts  is  given.  The  districts  are  as  follows,  each  having 
one  member  except  where  otherwise  stated: 

SENATE — 18  MEMBERS. 

First — Box  Elder  and  Tooele  Counties. 

Second — Cache  County. 

Third — Rich,  Morgan  and  Davis  Counties. 

Fourth— Weber  County  (2). 

Fifth — Summit  and  Wasatch  Counties. 

Sixth— Salt  Lake  County  (5). 

Seventh— Utah  County  (2). 

Eighth — Juab  and  Millard  Counties. 

Ninth — Sanpete  County. 

Tenth—  Sevier,  Wayne,  Piute  and  Garfield  Counties. 

Eleventh — Beaver,  Iron,  Washington  and  Kane  Counties. 

Twelfth — Emery,  Carbon,  Uintah,  Grand  and  San  Juan  Counties. 

HOUSE — 45    MEMBERS. 

First — Box  Elder  County.  Tenth — Wasatch  County, 

Second — Cache  County  (3).  Eleventh — Utah  County  (4). 

Third — Rich  County.  Twelfth — Uintah  County. 

Fourth— Weber  County  (4).  Thirteenth— Juab  County. 

Fifth — Morgan  County.  Fourteenth — Sanpete  County  (2). 

Sixth — Davis  County.  Fifteenth— Carbon  County. 

Seventh — Tooele  County.  Sixteenth — Emery  County. 

Eighth — Salt  Lake  County  (10).  Seventeenth — Grand  County. 

Ninth— Summit  County.  Eighteenth— Sevier  County. 


STATEHOOD.  109 

Nineteenth — Millard  County.  Twenty-fourth — Iron  County. 

Twentieth — Beaver  County.  Twenty-fifth — Washington  County. 

Twenty-first — Piute  County.  Twenty-sixth — Kane  County. 

Twenty-second — Wayne  County.  Twenty-seventh — San  Juan  County. 
Twenty-third— Garfield  County. 

SENATORS . 

First  District Abraham  Zundel 

Second  District Noble  Warrum,  Jr 

Third  District John  R.  Barnes 

Fourth  District David  McKay,  E;  M.  Allison 

Fifth  District Robert  C.  Chambers 

Sixth  District George  M.  Cannon,  Hiram  E.  Booth,  Glen  Miller,  George 

Sutherland,  Elmer  B.  Jones. 

Seventh  District Abel  J.  Evans,  Malin  M.  Warner 

Eighth  District James  P.  Driscoll 

Ninth  District William  Candland 

Tenth  District John  F.  Chidester 

Eleventh  District Edward  H.  Snow 

Twelfth  District R.  G.  Miller 

President,  George  M.  Cannon. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

First  District William  H.  Gibbs 

Second  District Joseph  Monson,  John  M.  Bernheisel,  Peter  M.  Maughan 

Third  District Aquila  Nebeker 

Fourth  District Thomas  J.  Stevens,  Amasa  S.  Condon,  Nathan  J.  Harris, 

I/ee  A.  Curtis. 

Fifth  District Daniel  Heiner 

Sixth  District R.  E.  Egan 

Seventh  District..... Emil  J.  Raddatz 

Eighth  District Edward  B.  Critchlow,  Harwood  M.  Gushing,  Thomas  D. 

lyewis,  Seth  W.   Morrison,  George  Iv.  Nye,  William  P. 

Nebeker,  J.   F.  Snedaker,  Alvin  V.  Taylor,  William  W. 

Wilson,  Thomas  Fergusson. 

Ninth  District George  Beard 

Tenth  District Joseph  R.  Murdock 

Eleventh  District A.  O.  Smoot,  Marinus  L,arsen,  James  T.  Thome, 

Hyrum  lyemmon. 

Twelfth  District William  Gibson 

Thirteenth  District Adelbert  Cazier 

Fourteenth  District John  Lowry,  Sr.,  Peter  Thompson 

Fifteenth  District James  X.  Ferguson 

Sixteenth  District William  Howard 

Seventeenth  District John  H.  Shafer 

Eighteenth  District James  M.  Bolitho 

Nineteenth  District Orvil  Thompson 


110  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

Twentieth  District Presley  Denny 

Twenty-first  District Charles  Morrill 

Twenty-second  District M.  W.  Mansfield 

Twenty-third  District Thomas  Sevy 

Twenty-fourth  District Edgar  L.  Clark 

Twenty-fifth  District James  Andrus 

Twenty-sixth  District Joseph  E.  Robinson 

Twenty-seventh  District Andrew  P.  Sorenson 

Speaker,  Presley  Denny . 

SECOND  LEGISLATURE,  1897. 

SENATORS. 

First  District William  G.  Nebeker 

Second  District Joseph  Monson 

Third  District Aquila  Nebeker 

Fourth  District Lewis  W.  Shurtliff,  Daniel  Hatner 

Fifth  District Robert  C.  Chambers 

Sixth  District John  T.  Caine,  Martha  H.  Cannon,  Benjamin  A.  Harbour, 

David  O.  Rideout,  Jr.,  George  A.  Whitaker. 

Seventh  District Abraham  O   Smoot,  Abel  J.  Evans 

Eighth  District Joseph  V.  tfobison 

Ninth  District % John  F.  Allred 

Tenth  District- Isaac  K.  Wright 

Eleventh  District Edward  H.  Snow 

Twelfth  District M.  E.  Johnson 

PresideLt,  Aquila  Nebeker. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

First  District Samuel  N.  Cook 

Second  District Joseph  Kimball,  Ingwald  C.  Thoresen,  Moroni  Price 

Third  District David  S.  Cook 

Fourth  District Angus   McKay,   Sarah   .  derson,  John  N.  Perkins 

William  H.  O'Brien. 

Fifth  District John  Hopkin 

Sixth  District Hyrum  Stewart 

Seventh  District Norman  B.  Dresser 

Eighth  District Heber  Bennion,  Scipio  A.  Kenner,  Eurithe  K.  LaBarthe, 

Daniel  Mangan,  George  Romney,  Jr.,  Richard  B.  Shep- 
ard,  Robert  W.  Sloan,  Joseph  E.  Taylor,  James  Thomp- 
son, Everett  W.  Wilson. 

Ninth  District Charles  A.  Callis 

Tenth  District Joseph  R.  Murdock 

Eleventh  District Louis  P.  Lund,  W.  O.  Creer,  Hyrum  Lemmon,  William 

M.  Roylance. 

Twelfth  District William  Gibson 

Thirteenth  District...  ...Claude  V.  Wheeler 


STATEHOOD.  Ill 

Fourteenth  District Aaron  Hardy,  Neils  C.  Sorenson 

Fifteenth  District :. Oliver  G.  Kimball 

Sixteenth  District L.  P.  Oveson 

Seventeenth  District Andrew  P.  Sorenson 

Eighteenth  District . Barnard  H.  Greenwood 

Nineteenth  District William  A.  Ray 

Twentieth  District William  L.  H.  Dotson 

Twentv-first  District James  E.  Forshee 

Twenty-second  District Hiett  E.  Maxfield 

Twenty-third  District Andrew  J.  Hansen 

Twenty-fourth  District John  Parry 

Twenty-fifth  District James  G.  Duffin 

Twenty-sixth  District. Joseph       .Robinson 

Twenty-seventh  District V.  P.  Martin 

Speaker,  John  N   Perkins. 

THIRD   LEGISLATURE,  1899. 

SENATORS. 

First  District William  G.  Nebeker 

Second  District Joseph  Howell 

Third  District Aqui  a  Nebeker 

Fourth  District Lewis  W.Shurtliff,  Fred  J.  Kiesel 

Fifth  District Robert  C.  Chambers 

Sixth  District Martha  H.  Cannon,  David  H.  Peery,  Jr.,  David  O.  Ride- 
out,  Jr.,  Richard  K.  Thomas,  Orson  F.  Whitney. 

Seventh  District Abraham  O.  Smoot,  Abel  J  Evans 

Eighth   District Joseph   V.    Robison 

Ninth  District Ferdinand  Alder 

Tenth  District Isaac  K.  Wright 

Eleventh  District Rollin  R.  Tanner 

Twelfth  District Harden  Bennion 

Aquila  Nebeker,  President. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

First  District John  P.  Holmgren 

Second  District Aaron  F.  Farr,  Jr.,  Albert  A.  Law,  Charles  Z.  Harris 

Third  District David  S.  Cook 

Fourth  District Tillman   D.  Johnson,  George  W.   Bramwell,  Nathan  J. 

Harris,  Sherman  S.  Smith. 

Fifth  District Charles  A,  Welch 

Sixth  District John  Fisher 

Seventh  District George  F.  Richards 

Eighth  District....... Samuel   W.  Stewart,  Benjamin  T.  Lloyd,  Horace  Cum- 

mings,  Heber  Bennion,  Alice  M.  Home,  John  E.  Han- 
sen,  Joseph  G.  By  water,  Albert  W.  Forman,  Charles  M. 
Jackson,  Richard  B.  Shepard. 


MEMBERS   OF    FORMKR    LEGISLATURES— REPRtSKNTATlVES. 


STATEHOOD.  113 

Ninth  District r James  Ivers 

Tenth  District James  W.  Clyde 

Eleventh  District Marinus  Larsen,  Joseph  Lapish,  John  E.  Betts,  William 

M.  Roylance. 

Twelfth  District William  O'Neil 

Thirteenth  District Claude  V.  Wheeler 

Fourteenth  District Parley  Christiansen,  C.  W.  Sorenson 

Fifteenth  District Reuben  G.  Miller 

Sixteenth  District jasper  Robertson 

Seventeenth  District Lester  Taylor 

Eighteenth  District Barnard  H.  Greenwood 

Nineteenth  District  Thomas  C.  Callister 

Twentieth  District John  R  Murdock 

Twenty-first  District John  H.  Fullmer 

Twenty  second  District M.  W.  Mansfield 

Twenty-third  District Jesse  W.  Crosby,  Jr 

Twenty-fourth  District ...John  Parry 

Twenty-fifth  District John  G.  McQuarrie 

Twenty-sixth  District Joseph  E.  Robinson 

Twenty-seventh  District L.  H.  Redd,  Jr 

Speaker,  William  M.  Roylance. 

FOURTH   LEGISLATURE,  1901. 

SENATORS. 

First  District H.  S.  Larsen 

Second  District Joseph  Howell 

Third  District J.  G.  M.  Barnes 

Fourth  District Fred  J.  Kiesel,  Edward  M.  Allison,  Jr 

Fifth  District J.  R.  Murdock 

Sixth  District George  N.  Lawrence,  Hoyt  Sherman,  O.  F.   Whitney,  R. 

K.  Thomas,  S.  H.  Love. 

Seventh  District A.  O.  Smoot,  Abel  J.  Evans 

Eighth  District George  C.  Whitmore 

Ninth  District Ferdinand  Alder 

Tenth  District Willis  Johnson 

Eleventh  District R.  R    Tanner 

Twelfth  D  strict Harden  Bennion 

President,  Abel  J.  Evans. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

First  District John  P.  Holmgren 

Second  District Seth  A.  Langton,  Joseph  Pond,  P.  M.  Maughan 

Third  District Edward  R.  South 

Fourth  District.../..  Ed  ward  H.   Anderson,  William  Glasmann,  Thomas  H. 

Davis,  Archibald  McFarland. 
Fifth  District Richard  R.  Fry 


114  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

Sixth  District O.  P.  Hatch 

Seventh  District Francis  B.  Hall 

Eighth  District Rulon  S.  Wells,  William  McMillan,  Nephi  L.  Morris, 

William  N.  Williams,  W.  G.  Van  Home,  A.  L.  Hamlin, 
John  T.  Axton,  Benner  X.  Smith,  Orson  H.  Hewlett, 
Archibald  Stuart. 

Ninth  District Dan  Lambert 

Tenth  District William  Van  Wagenen 

Eleventh  District Mosiah  Evans,  Henry  Gardner,  Ephraim  Homer,  D. 

C.  Johnson 

Twelfth  District George  P.  Billings 

Thirteenth  District Frank  Holzheimer 

Fourteenth  District N.  Ci  Christensen,  John  L.  Bench 

Fifteenth  District J   R.  Sharp 

Sixteenth  District Levi  N.  Harmon 

Seventeetnh  District A.  P.  Mohr 

Eighteenth  District John  W.  Phillips 

Nineteenth  District Engene  W.  Kelley 

Twentieth  District William  H.  Barratt 

Twenty-first  District Samuel  L.  Page 

Twenty-second  District Albert  Stevens 

Twenty-third  District George  W.Johnson 

Twenty-fourth  District Joseph  F.  McGregor 

Twenty-fifth  District David  H.  Morris 

Twenty-sixth  District H.  S.  Cutler 

Twenty-seventh  District Lemuel  H.  Redd 

Speaker,  William  Glasmann. 

FIFTH  LEGISLATURE,  1903. 

SENATORS. 

First  District H.  S.  Larsen 

Second  District Alonzo  G.  Barber 

Third   District J.  G.  M.  Barnes 

Fourth  District David  McKay,  Edward  M.  Allison 

Fifth  District J.  R.  Murdock 

Sixth  District Hoyt  Sherman,  S.  H.  Love,  George  N.  Lawrence,  William 

N.  Williams,  Simon  Bamberger. 

Seventh  District Henry  Gardner,  C.  E.  Loose 

Eighth  District , George  C.  Whitmore 

Ninth  District C.  P.  Larsen 

Tenth  District Willis  Johnson 

Eleventh  District A.  B.  Lewis 

Twelfth  District 1... Harden  Bennion 

President,  Edward  M.  Allison. 

REPRBSENTAT I VES. 
First  District ...F.  W.  Fishburn 


STATEHOOD.  115 

Second  District Thomas  H.  Merrill,  David  R.  Roberts,  William  W.  Hall 

Third  District Robert  McKinnon 

Fourth  District Mary  G.  Coulter,  Amasa  S.  Condon,  Archibald  McFar- 

land,  John  C.  Child. 

Fifth  District James  A.  Anderson 

Sixth  District  .....David  Stoker 

Seventh  District  William  Spry 

Eighth  District Heber  A.  Smith,  James  W.  Cahoon,  Thomas  Hull,  John 

J.  Stewart,   Daniel  McRae,  Albert  L.  Hamlm,   Willard 
Done,    Albert  H.  Nash,  James  N.  Haslam,  Charles  Brink 

Ninth  District Edward  P.  Evans 

Tenth  District James  B.  Wilson 

Eleventh  District John  Q.  Stone,  George  Austin,  Stephen  L.  Chipman 

Charles  A.  Tietjen. 

Twelfth  District R.  Colton 

Thirteenth  District George  H.  Adams 

Fourteenth  District William  Metcalf,  Lorenzo  Peterson 

Fifteenth  District Edwin  C.  Lee 

Sixteenth  District Joseph  E.  Johnson 

Seventeenth  District Alma  Molyneux 

Eighteenth  District Asa  R.  Hawley 

Nineteenth  District .-... Charles  W.  Watts 

Twentieth  District William  H.  Barrett 

Twenty-first  District William  E.  White 

Twenty-second  District Willis  E.  Robison 

Twenty-third  District Alfred  Luther 

Twenty-fourth  District Morgan  Richards,  Jr 

Twenty-fifth  District David  H.  Morris 

Twenty-sixth  District Joel  H.  Johnson 

Twenty-seventh  District Wayne  H.  Redd 

Speaker,  Thomas  Hull. 


THE  SENATORIAL  ELECTIONS. 

There  was  not  much  friction  in  the  matter  of  choosing 
the  first  two  Senators  for  the  State;  in  this  respect  the  Re- 
publicans set  their  Democratic  successors  an  example  which 
was  wholly  ignored.  The  former  got  together  in  caucus  the 
night  before  the  day  designated  by  law  for  the  first  ballot  to 
take  place — the  second  Tuesday  of  the  session — and  made 
the  election  proper  merely  a  matter  of  form  by  choosing 
Frank  J.  Cannon  by  acclamation,  he  thus  becoming  Utah's 


116  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

first  Senator,  and  Arthur  Brown  on  the  first  ballot  by  only 
two  votes  over  C.  W.  Bennett.  The  two  houses,  following 
the  Federal  statute,  first  voted  separately,  and  as  the  lower 
house  voted  a  little  ahead  of  the  other  it  happened  that  the 
first  Representative  on  the  roll — James  Andrus,  of  Washing- 
ton county — had  the  honor  of  casting  the  first  vote  for  United 
States  Senator  ever  given  in  this  State.  He,  like  his  fellow 
Democrats,  voted  for  Joseph  L.  Rawlins  and  Moses  Thatcher, 
the  vote  standing: 

Senate — Cannon  12,  Brown  12,  Thatcher  and  Rawlins 
5  each,  one  absent. 

House — Cannon  31,  Brown  29,  Thatcher  and  Rawlins 
14  each,  Bennett  i,  C.  C.  Goodwin  i. 

SECOND     SENATORIAL    ELECTION. 

This  contest  was  memorable.  It  developed  a*  degree  of 
interest  in  and  out  of  the  Legislature  equal  to  almost  any  in 
the  history  of  the  country.  There  were  several  candidates. 
There  were  fifty-six  Democrats,  three  Republicans  and  four 
Populists  in  the  body,  the  votes  of  the  latter  being  of  course 
merely  complimentary,  given  first  to  one  favorite,  then  an- 
other. But  the  Democrats,  with  all  their  ponderous  majority, 
scattered  just  as  badly  until  the  finish,  which  was  on  the  53d 
ballot  in  the  fourth  week  of  the  session,  when  Joseph  L. 
Rawlins  was  elected,  receiving  thirty-two  votes  to  twenty- 
nine  for  Moses  Thatcher  and  one  for  Henry  P.  Henderson,  the 
latter  for  several  ballots  having  received  a  larger  vote  than 
Mr.  Rawlins;  on  the  final  ballot  his  following  in  a  body  (with 
one  exception — Senator  Daniel  Hamer,  of  Weber)  left  him 
and  went  over  to  Rawlins,  these  with  one  Republican,  Repre- 
sentative A.  J.  Hansen,  of  Garfield.  making  the  necessary 
votes  for  election.  Mr.  Thatcher  was  undoubtedly  the  most 
popular  candidate  of  all,  every  mention  of  his  name  eliciting 
some  token  of  approval  from  the  always  crowded  auditorium. 
He  had  fallen  under  the  displeasure  of  his  file  leaders  in  the 
Mormon  Church,  of  which  he  was  an  Apostle,  in  not  obtain- 


STATEHOOD.  117 

ing  approval  before  entering  the  Senatorial  race,  and  as  his 
supporters,  or  many  of  them,  let  it  go  out  that  an  election 
would  "vindicate"  him,  the  more  orthodox  among  the  Church 
members  in  the  Legislature,  regarding  a  vote  for  him  as  a 
blow  at  their  religion,  held  aloof,  while  nearly  if  not  all  were 
personally  friendly  and  regarded  him  as  an  eminently  fit  man 
for  the  place.  As  one  of  the  legislators  expressed  it,  "the 
Church  is  not  allowed  to  mix  up  with  politics,  and  I  propose 
to  see  that  politics  does  not  mix  up  with  the  Church."  Al- 
though Mr.  Rawlins  proved  an  able  Senator,  it  is  well  as- 
sured that  Mr.  Thatcher  would  have  been  quite  as  strong  and 
influential. 

Two  days  later,  at  a  joint  session  appointed  for  the  pur- 
pose, speeches  were  made  by  Senator-elect  Rawlins,  Messrs. 
Thatcher,  Henderson,  O.  W.  Powers,  Governor  Wells  and 
Fisher  S.  Harris,  for  all  of  whom  votes  had  been  given. 

THIRD    SENATORIAL    CONTEST. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  Democrats  had  fully 
two-thirds  of  the  membership  in  each  house,  they  failed  to 
elect  a  Senator  in  this  contest.  A.  W.  McCune  was  the 
leading  candidate  and  he  was  within  two  or  three  votes  of  an 
election  on  several  ballots,  but  the  opposition  to  him  in  the 
ranks  of  his  own  party  was  able  to  prevent  his  choice  and 
ran  the  session  out  on  that  footing.  There  were  several  can- 
didates— the  one  named,  W.  H.  King  and  O.  W.  Powers, 
Democrats,  Frank  J.  Cannon,  Silver  Republican,  and  George 
Sutherland,  Republican,  with  more  or  less  scattering  continu- 
ally. Late  in  the  session  and  at  a  time  when  it  looked  as  if 
Mr.  McCune  would  win  on  the  next  ballot,  a  great  sensation 
was  sprung  by  Representative  Law,  of  Cache  county,  who 
arose  from  his  seat  and  stated  that  the  evening  before  he  had 
been  bribed  by  McCune,  who  offered  $1,500  for  the  legis- 
lator's vote,  $80  of  which  was  paid  and  turned  over  to  the 
Salt  Lake  chief  of  police.  Because  of  this  two  or  three 
members  who  had  been  opposing  and  were  supposed  to  have 


STATE  OFFICERS,    1903. 


STATEHOOD.  119 

been  won  over,  along  with  a  few  who  had  been  supporting 
him,  failed  to  fall  in  line  and  an  investigation,  which  proved 
to  be  trying  and  tedious,  was  ordered.  Two  reports  were 
made,  one  exonerating,  the  other  mildly  denunciatory;  mean- 
time his  normal  strength  had  returned  but  he  never  got  any 
further.  Conspiracy  was  freely  charged  but  never  proved, 
and  the  whole  subject  was  left  where  it  fell. 

As  a  result  of  this  failure,  the  Utah  Legislature,  in  1905, 
will  have  had  an  experience  so  unique  as  to  be  unrivaled  in  the 
whole  country's  history,  I  believe — that  is,  a  Senatorial  elec- 
tion at  each  of  six  consecutive  sessions.  Truly,  this  com- 
munity is  a  record  maker  in  more  ways  than  one! 

FOURTH    SENATORIAL    ELECTION. 

Before  the  solons  had  fairly  settled  down  to  the  business 
which  brought  them  together  as  law-makers,  in  January, 
1901,  the  Republican  members — who  were  largely  in  the  ma- 
jority— got  together  in  caucus,  and  after  a  long  and  interest- 
ing contest,  nominated  Thomas  Kearns  for  Senator.  In  this 
race  were  some  strong  candidates — W.  S.  McCornick,  bank- 
er; O.  J.  Salisbury,  capitalist;  A.  L.  Thomas,  postmaster  of 
Salt  Lake  City;  Thomas  Fitch,  lawyer  and  orator  of  national 
repute,  and  ex-Senator  Arthur  Brown.  Mr.  -Reams'  choice 
was  subsequently  ratified  by  the  assembly,  all  the  Republi- 
cans voting  for  him.  The  complimentary  vote  of  the  Demo- 
crats went  to  A.  W.  McCune. 

FIFTH    SENATORIAL    ELECTION. 

By  far  the  most  expeditious  piece  of  work  the  Utah 
Legislature  ever  accomplished,  in  the  matter  of  electing  a 
Senator,  was  that  of  the  Fifth  State  assembly  in  electing 
Reed  Smoot  to  the  position.  But  one  ballot  was  taken  in 
caucus  and  one  in  each  house,  the  vote  standing  as  follows: 

Senate — Smoot  10,  Governor  Wells  2,  Rawlins  6. 

House — Smoot  37,  Governor  Wells  3,  Rawlins  5. 

Mr.  Smoot  is  a  zealous  Republican   (he   is   mentioned  at 


120  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

length  elsewhere),  so  is  Governor  Wells,  while  Mr.  Rawlins 
is  a  Democrat,  the  incumbent  of  the  Senatorship  who  was  dis- 
placed by  Mr.  Smoot. 


GENERAL    ELECTIONS. 

As  previously  stated,  the  first  general  election  was  just 
previous  and  preparatory  to  Statehood,  and  its  results  are 
elsewhere  given. 

THE    SECOND 

one  occurred  the  following  year  and  it  overturned  things 
political  completely,  the  State  changing  from  a  Republican  to 
an  overwhelmingly  Democratic  one.  William  J.  Bryan  for 
President  received  a  majority  over  William  McKinley  of  over 
51,000;  the  candidate  of  the  Democrats  for  Congress — 
William  H.  King — had  some  20,000  less,  but  still  enough; 
the  falling  off  in  his  case  being  caused  by  the  Silver  Repub- 
licans supporting  the  nominee  of  the  "straight"  element  of 
the  party — Lafayette  Holbrook — while  supporting  the  Bryan 
electors.  Every  county  but  three  went  Democratic,  Salt  Lake 
county  by  about  5,000. 

THE    THIRD    ELECTION 

occurred  in  November,  1898,  when  a  Representative  to  Con- 
gress, Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  Legislature  were 
chosen.  The  tickets  were — 

Democratic:  Congressman,  Brigham  H.Roberts;  Judge, 
R.  N.  Baskin. 

Republican:  Congressman,  Alma  Eldredge;  Judge, 
Charles  S.  Zane. 

Populist:  Congressman,  Warren  Foster;  Judge,  J.  N. 
Bowman. 

The  Democratic  ticket  was  successful  throughout. 

FOURTH    ELECTION. 

This   was    another  Presidential    year — 1900  —  and    an- 


STATEHOOD.  121 

other  uflop"  was  marked  up  to  Utah's  credit,  or  otherwise,  as 
the  reader  prefers.  The  leviathan  Democratic  majority  of 
four  years  previously  and  the  small  one  of  two  years  before 
were  sent  sailing  dismally  into  the  gulf  of  Smithereens  and  a 
Republican  preponderance  about  equaling  that  of  the  first 
election  took  place.  The  McKinley  and  Roosevelt  electors — 
J.  R.  Murdock,  C.  E.  Loose  and  W.  K.  Walton — were 
chosen,  George  Sutherland  was  elected  Congressman  over 
W.  H.  King  and  G.  W.  Bartch  Judge  over  J.  W.  N.  White- 
cotton.  The  Legislature  was  also  Republican.  The  suc- 
cessful candidates — all  Republicans — otherwise  were: 

Governor,  HeberM.  Wells,  over  James  H.  Moyle;  Sec- 
retary of  State,  James  T.  Hammond,  over  Fisher  S.  Harris; 
Attorney  General,  M.  A.  Breeden,  over  A.  J.  Weber;  Audi- 
tor, C.  S.  Tingey,  over  Henry  N.  Hayes;  Treasurer,  John 
De  Grey  Dixon,  over  R.  C.  Lund;  School  Superintendent, 
A.  C.  Nelson,  over  Nathan  T.  Porter. 

The  Socialists  and  Prohibitionists  were  also  in  the  field 
but  their  vote  was  not  important. 

FIFTH    ELECTION. 

For  Congressman,  Joseph  Howell,  an  ex-State  Senator  of 
Cache  county,  defeated  W.  H.  King  by  a  decisive  plurality, 
and  W.  M.  McCarty  did  the  like  for  Richard  W.  Young  in 
the  matter  of  the  Supreme  Court  Judgeship.  The  Legis- 
lature was  strongly  Republican,  its  personnel  and  status  ap- 
pearing in  the  proper  place. 

The  Socialists  ran  Matthew  Wilson  for  Congress  and 
Warren  Foster  for  Judge,  their  vote  showing  a  marked  in- 
crease, but  not  enough  to  amount  to  anything  practical. 


UTAH    STATE  OFFICERS,  1903. 

CONGRESSIONAL. 

U.  S.  Senators v...  J  Thomas  Kearns 

"  (  Reed  Smoot 

Representative Joseph  Howell 

s 


122  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

EXECUTIVE  OFFICERS. 

ELECTIVE. 

Heber  M.  Wells Governor 

James  T.  Hammond Secretary  of  State 

C.  S.  Tingey State  Auditor 

John  D.  Dixon  State  Treasurer 

M.  A.  Breeden Attorney  General 

A.  C.  Nelson Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 

APPOINTIVE. 

A.  F.  Doremus State  Engineer 

Gomer  Thomas Coal  Mine  Inspector 

Waller  J.  Beatie Bank  Examiner 

John  Sharp Fish  and  Game  Commissioner 

Moroni  Heiner Food  and  Dairy  Commissioner 

Charles  DeMoisey Commissioner  Bureau  of  Statistics 

GOVERNOR'S  STAFF  OFFICERS. 

Charles  S.  Burton Adjutant  General 

Nephi  W.  Clayton .        Quartermaster  General 

William  J.  Shealej* Commissary  General 

S.  H.  Pinkerton Surgeon  General 

Benner  X.  Smith Judge  Advocate  General 

Morris  L   Ritchie Inspector  General 

George  A.  Seaman General  Inspector  of  Target  Practice 

Edward  S.  Ferry Aide  de  Camp 

John  D.  Spencer Aide   de  Camp 

John  Q.  Cannon Brigadier  General  N.  G.  U. 

JUDICIARY. 

Robert  N.  Baskin Chief  Justice  Supreme  Court 

George  W   Bartch Justice 

William  M.  McCarty Justice 

Charles  A.  Hart Judge  First  District 

Frank  K.  Nebeker Attorney  First  District 

Henry  H   Rolapp Judge  Second  District 

A.  B.  Hayes Attorney  Second  District 

C.  W.  Morse , 

S.  W.  Stewart  (.Judges  Third  District. 

C.  W.  Hall ) 

D.  C.  Eichnor Attorney  Third  District 

John  E.  Booth Judge  Fourth  District 

A.  C.  Hatch Attorney  Fourth  District 

Thomas  Marioneux Judge  Fifth  District 

Joshua  Greenwood Attorney  Fifth  District 

John  F.  Chidester Judge  Sixth  District 


STATEHOOD.  123 

Joseph  H.  Erickson .- Attorney  Sixth  District 

Jacob  Johnson Judge  Seventh  District 

William  D.  Livingston Attorney  Seventh  District 

George  L.  Nye Reporter  Supreme  Court 

L.  P.  Palmer... State  Librarian 


STATE   BOARDS. 

Board  of  Pardons — Governor,  Attorney  General,  three  Supreme  Judges. 

Board  of  Examiners — Governor,  Secretary  of  State,   Attorney  General. 

Board  of  Loan  Commissioners — Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Attorney 
General. 

State  Board  of  Insane  Asylum  Commissioners — Heber  M.  Wells,  Gov- 
ernor; C.  S.  Tingey,  Auditor;  John  DeGrey  Dixon,  Treasurer. 

State  Board  of  Corrections— Heber  M..  Wells,  Charles  Read,  Fisher 
Harris,  Elias  A,  Smith. 

State  Board  of  Land  Commissioners — Heber  M.  Wells,  Byron  Groo,  T, 
D.  Reese,  Herschel  Bullen,  James  A.  Melville. 

State  Board  of  Education— Joseph  T.  Kingsbury,  A.  C.  Nelson,  William 
J.  Kerr  (ex-officio  members),  William  S.  Marks,  William  Allison, 

State  Board  of  Equalization — Robert  C.  Lund,  John  J.  Thomas,  Thomas 
D.  Dee,  Swen  O.  Nielsen. 

Regents  of  the  University — Joseph  T.  Kingsbury  Cex-officio  member), 
Emma  J.  McVicker,  Frank  Pierce,  William  W.  Riter,  Waldemar  Van  Cott, 
A.  H.  Lund,  James  Sharp,  Moses  Thatcher,  Rebecca  E.  Little. 

Trustees  Agricultural  College— W.  S.  McCornick,  Geo.  C.  Whitmore, 
Mrs.  Emily  S.  Richards,  Lorenzo  Hanson,  Mrs.  J.  E  Bagley,  Evan  R.  Owens, 
John  A.  McAllister. 

Trustees  State  Industrial  School— Angus  T.  Wright,  N.  C.  Flygare, 
Richard  T.  Hume. 

Trustees  School  for  Deaf  and  Dumb — Maud  May  Babcock,  John  Wat- 
son, Mrs.  A.  B.  Coiay,  Fred  W.  Chambers,  M.  L.  Ritchie. 

State  Board  of  Horticulture — Joseph  Hyrum  Parry,  Thomas  Judd,  B.  H. 
Bower, 

State  Board  of  Health  and  Vital  Statistics— F.  S.  Bascom,  T.  B.  Beatty. 
Martha  A.  Cannon.  A.  F.  Doremus,  S.  H.  Allen,  Frank  B.  Steele,  Willard  Y. 
Croxall. 

Board  of  Pharmacy— C.  H.  McCoy,  James  L.  Franken,  W.  W.  Cook, 
T.  H.  Carr,  B.  F.  Riter. 

State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  —  D.  C.  Budge,  A.  S.  Condon, 
Briant  Stringham,  A.  C.  Ewing,  Elias  S.  Wright,  J.  C.  Hanchett,  R.  W. 
Fisher. 

State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners — W.  G.  Dalrymple,  B.  H.  Bucher, 
Harry  W.  Davis,  George  E.  Ellerbeck,  A.S.  Chapman, 

State  Board  of  Labor,  Conciliation  and  Arbitration — J.  S.  Daveler,  E. 
A.  Wall.  John  Nicholson. 


124 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


D.  A.  and  M.  Society,  Directors  of— Nelson  A.  Empey,  Septimus  W. 
Sears.  Mrs.  Simon  Bamberger,  John  S.  Bransford,  Wiley  Cragtm,  Maurice 
K.  Parsons,  George  Adams,  John  C.  Cutler,  Thomas  H.  Smith,  Ruth  M.  Fox, 
John  H.  Seely,  James  G.  McDonald. 

.    Utah  Silk  Commission — Mrs.  Margaret  A.  Caine,  Mrs.  Ann  C.  Wood- 
bury,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Packard,  Mrs.  Rachel  Siegel,  Miss  Maria  E.  Zundel. 
Utah  Art  Institute— George  M.  Ottinger,  H.  L.  A.  Culmer,  Mrs.  Edna 
W.  Sloan,  Miss  Mary  Teasdel,  Mrs.  Alice  M.  Home,  S.  T.  Whittaker,  Alan 
L.  Lovey. 


FEDERAL  OFFICIALS  FOR  UTAH,  1903. 

District  Judge John  A.  Marshall 

District  Attorney Joseph  Lippman 

Marshal Ben  B.  Hey  wood 

Revenue  Collector Edw.  H.  Callister 

Register  of  the  Land  Office Frank  D.  Hobbs 

Receiver  of  the  Land  Office George  A.  Smith 

Surveyor  General Edward  H.  Anderson 

Special  Agent  Interior  Department.. Percy  S.  Sowers 

Inspector  Railway  Mail  Service M.  M.  Steele 


THOMAS   HULI,, 

Speaker  of  the  last  House  of 
Representatives,  1903. 


GEORGE   M.    CANNON, 

President  of  the  first  State  Senate, 
1896. 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS 


NO  PARTIES    FOR    SOME    TIME,  THEN  PLENTY 

OF  THEM. 

IT  was  regarded  as  a  fixed  fact,  until  demonstrated  other- 
wise, that  when  the  Mormons  swung  loose  from  their 
home-brewed  party  and  took  up  with  the  political  vintage  in 
vogue  elsewhere,  they  would  be  found  Democratic  to  a  man. 
Undoubtedly  there  were  more  Democrats  than  anything  or 
all  things  else  for  some  time,  but  their  ranks  not  only  failed  to 
contain  the  entire  adult  roll  of  the  Church  but  did  not  show 
such  names  as  Joseph  F.  Smith,  John  Henry  Smith,  Francis 
M.  Lyman,  Mathias  F.  Cowley  and  several  others  who  were 
strongly  suspected  of  membership  in  rather  good  standing  in 
that  religious  organization.  A  reference  to  the  immediately 
previous  chapter  of  this  book,  as  well  as  this  one,  shows  at  a 
glance  that  Utah  has  so  far  been  a  most  decided  ''wobbler," 
with  a  strong  tendency  at  the  present  writing  to  Republican- 
ism. The  attitude  of  the  Democratic  party  on  the  expansion 
question,  which  came  into  existence  three  or  four  years  ago, 
together  with  its  predilection  for  low  tariffs,  sent  its  members 
by  the  thousand  over  to  the  other  side;  whether  they  will  stay 
there  or  not  is  a  case  of  quien  sabe,  depending  largely  upon  the 
wisdom  and  justice  with  which  one  party  uses  power,  and  the 
honesty  and  energy  with  which  the  other  one  bids  for  it.  Be- 
sides, there  are  the  Socialists,  a  growing  host,  to  be  reckoned 
with. 

It  might  as  well  be  understood,  where  it  is  not  already,  that 
the  generality  of  mankind  are  not  prone  to  steadfastly  following 
sentimental  theories  or  practical  abstractions  for  the  accomplish- 
ment of  political  or  other  ends;  and  one  purpose  of  this  book 
is  to. show  that  the  Saints  of  the  latter  days,  while  peculiar 


126  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

in  some  respects,  are  not  so  in  all.  That  (like  people  else- 
where) some  things  will  be  conceded  for  the  sake  of  organ- 
ization and  concerted  action  in  the  upholding  of  certain  lines 
of  political  policy,  is  of  course;  but  that  the  term  "belonging" 
to  a  party  implies  physical  and  mental  ownership  of  the  indi- 
vidual so  belonging  is  not  of  course  as  relates  to  a  very  great 
proportion  of  the  voters,  enough  at  least  to  hold  the  balance 
of  power.  Let  a  person's  bread  be  buttered  with  sentiment 
and  nothing  else  for  a  while,  and  he  is  mighty  apt  to  seek  a 
change  of  stomach  through  a  change  of  heart.  It  is  doubt- 
less safe  to  say,  in  view  of  the  foregoing,  that  the  great  body 
of  the  Mormons  take  politics  as  they  do  medicine — not  be- 
cause of  hankering  after  it  particularly,  but  for  the  good  it  is 
supposed  to  do;  they  prefer  a  brisk  organization  to  a  slow 
one,  with  an  up-to-date  programme  rather  than  one  that  is  be- 
hind the  times,  all  the  while  realizing  that  too  much  swiftness 
in  reaching  ends  aimed  at  is  apt  to  be  like  the  same  thing  in 
reaching  railway  stations — the  greater  the  speed  the  greater 
the  risk,  and  in  case  of  accident  the  damage  to  a  flyer  is  cor- 
respondingly greater  than  to  a  slow-goer.  In  conclusion,  it  is 
proper  to  say  that  as  between  friends  and  foes,  the  Mormons 
have  a  tolerably  unvarying  preference  for  the  former. 

In  the  beginning  and  for  many  years  Utah  had  no  politics 
or  political. parties.  The  people  being  practically  of  one  mind 
and  having  in  view  the  accomplishment  of  common  objects 
were  not  specially  in  need  of  anything  of  the  kind,  the  intro- 
duction of  which,  as  they  could  plainly  see,  must  inevitably 
entail  division,  strife  and,  it  might  be  in  the  end,  disruption. 
The  house  was  not  for  a  long  while  to  come  prepared  to  divide 
against  itself,  although  as  individuals  there  was  some  little 
party  spirit  felt  and  displayed  at  times.  In  their  isolated  con- 
dition the  people  would  have  been  foolish  to  encourage  such 
breeches  in  their  ranks  as  come  of  partisan  strife,  yet  they 
could  not  entirely  dissipate  the  results  of  early  training  and 
later  associations,  and  the  interest  felt  in  the  recurring  Presi- 
dential and  even  Congressional  contests  was  far  from  being 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS.  127 

apathetic.  As  in  all  the  other  cases  spoken  of,  however,  con- 
tact with  increasing  numbers  of  opponents  from  the  outside 
world  could  have  but  one  result — political  division.  This  be- 
gan, according  to  some  people's  views,  quite  early  enough  and 
in  a  way  that  brought  but  little  satisfaction  with  it.  Instead 
of  establishing  the  organizations  that  existed  elsewhere  and 
making  contests  on  those  lines,  the  ones  who  brought  on  the 
division  in  society  created  a  new  line  of  demarcation  by  com- 
ing out  squarely  for  opposition  to  the  Mormon  Church  as  the 
cardinal  and  basic  principle  of  their  political  faith,  but  of  this 
later.  Such  action  had  a  tendency  the  reverse  of  what  was 
expected,  since  when  the  people  found  they  had  real  oppo- 
sition because  of  their  beliefs  and  practices  to  contend  with 
again,  such  a  state  of  things  aroused  them  from  the  partially 
dormant  condition  which  lack  of  friction  always  produces,  and 
instead  of  only  a  portion  voting  it  became  well  nigh  a  unani- 
mous thing!  A  common  peril  united  them  as  before,  and  not 
only  this,  but  rekindled  something  of  the  old  fervor. 


THE  LIBERAL    PARTY. 

THE  first  indication  of  the  coming  political  tempest  was 
early  in  1867,  v.hen  a  handful  of  anti-Mormons  got  together  in 
Salt  Lake  City  and  proceeded  with  all  the  solemnity  possible 
under  the  circumstances  to  organize  a  party  in  consonance  with 
their  peculiar  views.  This  they  did  and  eventually  gave  to  the 
new  birth  the  name  "Liberal."  (The  formal  organization 
took  place  February  9,  1870.)  It  was  contended  by  many 
who  were  opposed  to  the  new  deal,  of  course,  and  for  a  long 
time  that  this  was  a  misnomer;  that  when  the  principles,  aims 
and  expectations  of  the  "new  movement"  were  taken  into  con- 
sideration, the  element  of  liberality  in  its  broadest  sense  was 
wholly  wanting.  However,  we  have  it  on  the  authority  of 
Shakespeare  that  names  are  not  necessarily  descriptive  of  the 


128  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

things  named,  and  moreover  the  leaders  claimed  that  they 
were  not  using  the  word  in  its  orthodox  but  its  heterodox 
sense,  and  with  that  understanding  it  achieved  recognition 
and  no  little  prestige.  The  name,  however,  was  not  selected 
without  some  little  animadversion,  during  which  other  nomen- 
clature was  suggested,  such  as  Independent,  American,  and 
so  on,  the  last  named  probably  being  thought  too  reminiscent 
of  the  defunct  Knownothing  organization,  and  the  first  not 
sufficiently  comprehensive.  So  Liberal  was  finally  decided 
upon. 

Whatever  may  have  been  the  general  purpose  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Liberal  party,  its  chief  pillar  was,  as  stated, 
opposition  to  the  rule  of  the  Mormon  Church,  growing 
into  undisguised  opposition  to  the  Church  itself,  thus  bringing 
into  its  folds  at  once  almost  the  entire  element  called,  for  con- 
venience sake,  "outsiders,"  and  meaning  apostates  from  the 
Church  as  well  as  Gentile  accessions  from  elsewhere.  The  mem- 
bership roll  of  the  new  party,  then  and  afterwards,  contained 
the  names  of  some  men  who  were  undoubtedly  well  meaning, 
high-minded  and  conservative  in  their  disposition,  men  who, 
while  desirous  that  the  national  laws  as  they  were  be  observed 
by  all  classes,  were  non-bigoted  and  willing  to  concede  a  great 
deal  for  opinion's  sake  so  long  as  physical  and  mental  pro- 
gress were  not  impeded.  Many,  however,  the  majority  no 
doubt,  were  for  a  war  under  the  black  flag,  accepting  of  no 
compromises  and  enlisting  no  recruits  who  were  not  against 
the  "enemy"  tooth  and  nail.  These  had  their  way  until  near 
the  finish  and  as  a  result  the  organization  deprived  itself  of 
strength  at  times  which  it  might  as  well  have  had  and  kept. 
As  an  illustration  of  this,  we  need  only  turn  to  the  revolt  of 
1869,  for  some  time  popularly  known  as  the  "Godbeite" 
movement,  which  threatened  but  failed  to  become  a  schism 
within  the  Mormon  Church,  A  weekly  publication  issued  by 
W.  S.  Godbe  and  E.  L.  T.  Harrison  and  called  the  Utah 
Magazine,  in  one  of  its  issues  of  the  period  referred  to  advo- 
cated the  opening  and  working  of  the  mineral  resources  of 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS. 


129 


the  Territory,  which  even  then  were  known  to  be  immense. 
This  was  regarded  as  premature  (for  reasons  which  appear 
in  the  sketch  of  Brigham  Young  and  incidentally  elsewhere 
herein)  and  the  offending  brethren — they  were  brethren  then 
— and  several  of  their  associates  were  promptly  disciplined. 
The  recalcitrants  being  stubborn,  their  expulsion  from  the 
Church  followed.  They  were  in  almost  every  instance  men 
of  education,  integrity  and  high  social  standing,  among  them 
being  Henry  W.  Lawrence,  Eli  B.  Kelsey,  and  the  two  named. 

They  naturally  drifted  to 
the  Liberal  organization, 
which  received  them  with 
open  arms,  but  they  soon 
found  that  non-Mormon- 
ism  was  not  enough;  that 
it  must  be  anti-Mormon- 
ism  straight  from  the 
shoulder  or  nothing.  Some 
few  made  the  plunge,  but 
the  most  of  them  did  not 
and  at  once  became  men 
without  a  party. 

Speaking  of  the  first 
contest  on  the  new  lines 
— the  contestants  in  which 
were  the  late  Hon.  W.  H. 
Hooper  as  the  People's 
candidate,  and  one  W.  M. 
McGrorty,  to  fortune  and  to  fame  both  previously  unknown, 
representing  the  Liberals — a  little  book  entitled  "The  Practi- 
cal Politician,"  by  the  writer  of  these  chapters,  contains  the 
following  information : 

"Measured  as  an  antagonistic  element,  the  showing  made 
would  have  been,  but  for  what  it  portended  later  on,  simply 
absurd;  it  was  the  very  point  of  littleness  finely  sharpened. 
Hooper's  vote  as  compared  with  McGrorty's  was  as  hundreds 


WM.    H.    HOOPER. 


130  UTAH  AS  IT  JS. 

to  one;  but  the  latter  was  the  nucleus  around  which  all  ele- 
ments opposed  to  the  great  majority  were  destined  to  cluster 
and  increase;  lines  of  opposition  had  been  formed  at  last  and 
no  more  forever,  while  mortality  prevails,  were  the  returns 
for  a  general  election  to  show  a  unanimity  for  any  cause  or 
shade  of  belief.  The  situation  became  at  once  the  People's 
party  (the  name  adopted  by  the  majority)  in  possession,  with 
the  Liberal  party  as  claimant  and  contestant. 

"Things  went  on  in  this  way  for  a  good  while,  the  gain 
in  the  Liberal  vote  being  much  greater  proportionately  than 
in  that  of  the  People.  The  former  organization  spread,  its 
ramifications  extending  to  all  the  mining  camps  and  the  larger 
towns  of  the  Territory.  It  carried  nothing,  however,  till  in 
1874,  when  it  claimed  and  took  possession  of  the  offices  in 
Tooele  County,  against  the  earnest  protest  of  the  other  side 
who  claimed  that  the  Liberal  vote  in  Ophir,  East  Canyon  and 
Stockton  (its  strongholds  then)  had  been  'padded'  to  suit  the 
occasion.  Be  that  as  it  may,  possession  was  taken,  after  legal 
proceedings  had  been  invoked,  and  held  for  two  years.  The 
county  was  immediately  dubbed  'the  Republic7  by  the  jubi- 
lant Liberals  and  its  occupancy  by  their  forces  hailed  in  very 
much  the  same  spirit  as  was  the  capitulation  of  Vicksburg  by 
the  people  of  the  North  during  the  war.  It  was  a  short-lived 
incumbency,  however,  for  when  the  two  years  had  expired 
the  victors  became  the  vanquished  and  withdrew  from  the 
field,  not  having  returned  since.  The  advent  of  the  Pacific 
Railway  had  previously  brought  the  town  of  Corinne  into  ex- 
istence, and  wrhile  it  is  now  but  a  fragment  of  its  original  and 
long-time  self,  it  was  quite  populous  for  several  years  and  was 
nearly  unanimously  Liberal,  but  even  this  could  not  outweigh 
the  heavy  People's  vote  in  the  county  outside  of  Corinne,  so 
the  practical  advantages  gained  were  nil" 

Captain  Hooper,  as  he  was  familiarly  called,  was  the 
People's  efficient  representative  in  Congress  for  several  terms, 
two  or  three  of  them  occurring  after  this  episode.  His  next 
opponent  was  George  R.  Maxwell,  in  1869,  who  made  a  con- 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS.  131 

test  for  the  seat  and  was  effectually  turned  down.  He  (Cap- 
tain Hooper)  was  succeeded  in  1873  by  George  Q.  Cannon, 
who  held  the  position  until  April  19,  i882,when  he  was  rejected 
because  of  implied  immorality!  In  all  the  range  of  political 
history  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  anything  at  all  approaching 
this  for  Pharisaical  absurdity  and  gross  injustice,  but  it  is  use- 
less to  dwell  upon  it  now. 

More  substantial  results  followed.  In  1889  the  Liberals 
succeeded  in  capturing  the  city  of  Ogden.  The  following 
year,  after  one  of  the  most  exciting  and  systematic  political 
contests  ever  carried  on  anywhere,  they  obtained  control  of 
Salt  Lake  City  and  kept  on  carrying  it  until  in  1894,  when  it 
went  down  to  defeat  by  a  coalition  of  opposing  elements  and 
its  disbandment  followed  soon  after.  The  formal  dissolution 
occurred  in  November  of  that  year. 

As  previously  suggested  herein,  the  organization  of  the 
party  had  no  fixed  date,  but  became  a  crystallization  of  the 
sentiment  in  existence  which  was  opposed  to  Church  rule 
and  in  favor  of  temporal  progress  along  the  lines  of  estab- 
lished precedents.  In  other  words,  like  "Topsy,"  it  "jess 
growed,"  and  when  it  had  grown  to  a  certain  stage  of 
development  it  took  shape  and  started  up  in  business.  As  is 
shown,  it  grew  with  tolerable  rapidity,  but  its  growth  was 
not,  as  has  been  asserted,  a  gauge  of  the  extent  to  which  the 
non-Mormon  influx  was  going  on,  for  its  numbers  were 
almost  as  numerously  added  to  by  accessions  of  seceders 
from  the  Mormon  faith  as  otherwise — this,  of  course,  after  the 
differences  between  the  two  elements  previously  spoken  of 
had  been  adjusted.  However,  until  the  gigantic  contest  of 
1890,  it  was,  notwithstanding  its  increasing  strength,  a  more 
or  less  undisciplined,  awkward  squad,  aiming  at  abstractions 
and  impracticable  things  and  never  equal  to  its  full  self  for 
want  of  organization  and  leadership.  At  this  time  Judge  O. 
W.  Powers  (elsewhere  spoken  of)  came  upon  the  scene  and 
things  all  at  once  began  to  change.  It  did  not  take  the  lead- 
ers of  the  People's  party  long  to  discover  that  they  were  up 


132 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


against  something,  and  that  walk-overs  were  at  last  matters 
of  memory  only.  All  recognized,  before  the  campaign  closed, 
that  one  of  the  most  compact,  systematic  and  best  disciplined 
forces  was  arrayed  against  the  hitherto  unbeaten  hosts  in  pos- 
session of  the  citadel  that  ever  went  afield.  Regularity  per- 
vaded everything. 
Squads  were  formed, 
named  and  numbered 
in  every  nook  and 
corner  of  the  city, 
these  being  integral 
parts  of  larger  squads 
and  all  merging  into 
a  grand  central  zone 
of  which  Judge  Pow- 
ers was  the  head  and 
front.  Everything 
focused  at  his  head- 
quarters, and  he  was 
in  touch  with  the  re- 
motest as  thoroughly 
as  with  the  nearest  of 
the  ramifications.  Its 
parades  were  page- 
ants, its  meetings  up- 
risings. One  of  its  advertised  processions  was  called  off  be- 
cause of  the  violent  weather — it  was  February — and  the 
People's  managers  as  well  as  the  rank  and  file  had  a  good 
time  over  this,  chaffing  the  "enemy"  because  of  his  apparent 
lack  of  stamina  and  inability  to  stand  hardships;  but  this  came 
home  to  roost.  The  next  great  demonstration  of  the  People's 
party  was  attended  by  a  condition  of  things  in  which  Jupiter 
Pluvius  took  a  leading  part.  The  rain  came  down  in  bucket- 
fuls  and  the  streets  became  miniature  rivers  floating  slush  a 
foot  deep.  A  proposition  to  adjourn  was  indignantly  voted 
down  and  the  caravan  was  ordered  to  proceed.  "The  extra- 


o.  w.  POWERS. 


GROW1H  OF  POLITICS.  133 

ordinary  march  was  begun" — as  one  of  the  school  readers 
says  of  Napoleon's  advance  upon  the  Alps — and  continued 
under  circumstances  far  from  inspiriting;  it  was  "pulled  off" 
all  right,  but  oh,  how  glad  we  were  when  it  was  all  over! 
("We"  is  used  in  its  proper  sense;  the  writer  carried  a  torch 
and  wore  a  plug  hat,  which  the  elements  played  hookey  with.) 
And  thus  it  went  along,  yet  strange  to  say  there  was  not 
much  bitterness  shown  on  either  side.  Franklin  S.  Richards, 
the  People's  chairman,  a  fine  and  capable  leader,  would  not 
stoop  to  that  line  of  policy,  and  Judge  Powers  was  like  unto 
him .  Election  day  was  almost  as  quiet  as  Sunday.  Many 
of  us  who  had  taken  active  parts  in  the  campaign  and 
"bluffed"  a  good  deal — like  the  boy  whistling  as  he  goes 
through  a  graveyard — went  up  and  voted  with  a  feeling  within 
somewhat  at  variance  with  the  outward  expression — that  for 
the  first  time  we  had  voted  on  the  losing  side.  The  Liberals 
won  by  an  average  majority  of  about  700- 

The  following  year  the  Liberals  carried  Salt  Lake 
county,  and  again  was  the  leadership  of  Judge  Powers  mani- 
fested. He  remained  in  charge  until  the  wind-up,  then  went 
into  the  ranks  of  the  organization  from  which  he  had  never 
withdrawn  except  in  a  purely  local  sense,  the  Democratic 
party.  His  qualities  of  leadership,  however,  were  not  to  be 
thus  obscured  and  he  was  again  placed  at  the  fore  with  the 
baton  of  command;  he  has  led  that  organization  through 
many  trying  periods  and  to  many  victories. 

Charges  and  counter-charges  were  numerous.  It  was 
held  by  many  that  all  the  Liberal  victories,  but  especially  that 
of  1890,  were  won  by  colonization  and  other  schemes  peculiar 
to  the  urban  political  system  of  this  age;  but  they  "got  there 
just  the  same"  and  enjoyed  the  spoils  without  molestation. 


A  GENTILE  ELECTED  IN  1860— LAST  OF  THE 

DELEGATES. 
BEFORE  proceeding  further,  a  due  regard  for  chronolog- 


134 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


ical  order  demands  that  the  name  of  the  Delegate  to  Con- 
gress for  the  term  beginning  March  4th,  1861,  and  ending  on 
the  same  date  in  1863  be  given  a  mention;  it  was  John  F. 
Kinney.  He  was  previously  Chief  Justice  of  the  Territory. 
Judge  Kinney  was  a  Gentile  and  the  Congressional  honor 
which  he  coveted  was  given  him  over  the  heads  of  a  good 
many  of  the  other  people,  and  this  too  at  a  time  when,  had  he 
run  on  the  kind  of  platform  that  McGrorty  went  to  pieces  on, 
he  would  probably  have  received  similar  treatment. 

A  special  election  was 
held  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  rejection  of  Delegate 
Cannon;  this  resulted  in  the 
choice  of  John  T.  Caine.  He 
subsequently  served  in  the 
same  capacity  five  full  terms, 
during  the  whole  time  of 
which  the  anti-Mormon  feel- 
ing increased  rather  than 
abated,  and  the  gentleman 
had  a  rather  trying  time  of  it. 
Carrying  through  favorable 
legislation  of  a  political  char- 
acter was  a  rank  impossibil- 
ity and  so  he  devoted  his  at- 
tention to  averting  as  many 
of  the  blows  aimed  at  the 
great  majority  of  his  con- 
stituents as  possible,  and 

to  getting  out  as  much  of  the  malice  and  invidiousness  as 
might  be  from  those  measures  which  he  could  not  avert. 
He  was  as  successful  in  this  laudable  industry  as  any  one 
could  have  been  at  such  a  time.  One  notable  instance  in 
point  was  that  famous  piece  of  special  legislation  known  to 
history,  literature  and  the  people  of  Utah  as  the  Edmunds- 
Tucker  bill.  The  writer  hereof  was  disfranchised  by  it  for 


JOHN    T.    CAINE, 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS.  135 

three  years,  not  because  of  having  too  much  matrimony  in  his 
social  career,  but  solely  because,  rather  than  take  an  oath 
never  to  "aid,  abet,  assist  or  encourage"  those  who  were  in 
that  position,  which  was  a  condition  of  retaining  the  franchise, 
the  latter  might  go  and  stay  gone.  There  were  doubtless 
many  more  in  the  same  class,  but  I  am  unable  to  speak  with 
certainty,  or  at  least  definiteness,  as  to  them. 

Caine's  Congressional  career  closed  March  4th,  1893. 
The  division  on  national  lines  of  politics  previously  occurring, 
and  of  which  more  will  be  said  hereafter,  had  made  it  proper 
that  representatives  of  the  two  great  national  organizations  be 
selected  to  make  the  contest,  which  occurred  in  November, 
1892.  The  Democrats  nominated  Joseph  L.  Rawlins,  the 
Republicans  Frank  J.  Cannon,  and  after  a  spirited  campaign 
the  former  won  by  a  substantial  majority,  but  was  defeated 
by  Mr.  Cannon  two  years  later.  Both  were  faithful  envoys 
of  the  Territory  and  both  have  been  rewarded  by  election  to 
the  United  States  Senate. 

We  are  now  fairly  well  upon  the  field  of  the  newer  po- 
litical situation,  and  it  might  as  well  be  gone  over  thoroughly 
while  we  are  at  it.  While  not  strictly  the  work  of  the  Pio- 
neers or  those  succeeding  them  in  the  imperishable  honors  of 
laying  the  foundation  of  and  supervising  the  commonwealth 
structure  as  the  building  went  along,  politics,  parties  and  all 
that  sort  of  thing  had  to  come  and  met  with  no  opposition 
when  they  came  for  the  reason  that  the  time  was  ripe. 


GROWTH  OF  THE  NATIONAL  PARTIES. 

OF  COURSE  there  were  many  desultory  attempts  to  get 
things  political  here  into  shape  as  they  were  elsewhere  before 
the  consummation  actually  arrived.  The  first  real  start  in 
this  direction  occurred  in  the  spring  of  1872,  during  what  is 
remembered  as  the  Greeley  Presidential  campaign  with  its 
tragic  outcome.  The  white-hatted  sage  of  Chappaqua  was  a 


136  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

prime  favorite  with  a  great  many  people  of  Utah,  embracing 
every  shade  of  opinion  otherwise,  and  if  Statehood  had  been 
in  possession  then  it  is  a  reasonable  guess  that  he  would  have 
carried  our  electoral  vote  by  a  comfortable  majority;  on  the 
other  hand,  had  he  been  chosen,  it  is  a  fair  presumption  that 
he  would  not  have  stood  in  the  way  of  admission.  He  was  a 
man  of  broad  and  conservative  views,  not  at  all  prejudiced 
and  without  a  trace  of  bigotry  in  his  composition,  a  staunch 
friend  to  the  West  and  Western  interests,  and  to  refuse  would 
have  had  to  be  confronted  with  more  potent  arguments  than 
that  the  people  who  settled  the  country  and  made  it  a  part  of 
the  Federal  domain  were  in  the  majority.  But  it  was  not  so 
recorded  in  the  book  of  fate;  not  only  this,  but  the  broad- 
minded  old  man  himself,  broken-hearted  by  defeat  and  the 
death  of  his  loved  and  loving  wife,  went  down  prematurely 
to  the  grave. 

At  the  time  referred  to,  the  leaven  of  Democracy  and 
Republicanism  which  had  never  weakened  very  much  with 
those  who  brought  it  here,  began  to  show  signs  of  fomenta- 
tion. In  an  indirect  way  we  could  even  then  participate  to  a 
small  extent  in  the  Presidential  contest,  the  Territory  being 
entitled  to  representation  in  the  national  conventions  of  those 
parties,  and  to  select  these  Territorial  conventions  must  be 
held.  The  Republicans  led  out.  Pursuant  to  call  duly  made 
they  assembled  at  the  City  Hall  in  this  city  on  the  5th  of 
April.  The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Abram  Hatch, 
who  nominated  Franklin  D.  Richards  for  chairman,  John 
Nicholson  being  made  secretary.  The  report  of  the  creden- 
tials committee  showed  all  parts  of  the  Territory  represented, 
something  remarkable  for  a  time  so  far  back  and  a  beginning 
at  that.  Thomas  Fitch  and  Frank  Fuller  were  elected  dele- 
gates to  the  national  convention  with  George  A.  Smith  and 
William  Jennings  alternates.  A  Territorial  committee  was 
appointed  and  the  convention  adjourned. 

The  Democrats  got  together  at  the  same  place  two  days 
later.  Dr  H.  J.  Faust  called  to  order,  and  named  Hadley  D. 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS.  137 

Johnson  as  chairman,  W.  C.  Campbell  being  the  secretary. 
Thomas  P.  Akers  and  E.  M.  Barnum  were  chosen  delegates. 
A  Territorial  committee  was  also  selected. 

Then  came  a  long  lull  until  November,  1884,  during 
which  interval  the  People's  party  and  the  Liberals  had  the 
political  field  all  to  themselves,  always  to  the  disadvantage  of 
the  latter.  On  that  date  a  number  of  young  men  of  Demo- 
cratic proclivities  assembled  in  the  law  office  of  Sheeks  & 
Rawlins  in  this  city  and  proceeded  to  form  an  organization  in 
accordance  with  their  inclinings.  It  was  called  the  Demo- 
cratic club  of  Utah,  and  during  the  latter  part  of  its  existence, 
some  two  years,  reveled  in  an  organ,  which  filled  the  bill  in 
name  if  not  in  any  other  respect — the  Salt  Lake  Democrat. 

THE  SAGEBRUSH  DEMOCRACY. 

THE  real  beginning  of  the  new  system  of  things  political 
in  Utah  was  when,  in  October,  1888,  a  hundred  or  more 
Democrats,  old  and  young,  got  together  in  the  old  City  Hall, 
Salt  Lake  City,  and  brought  themselves  into  existence,  so  to 
speak.  They  were  from  all  parts  of  the  Territory,  those  from 
a  distance  being  either  in  attendance  on  the  Mormon  Church 
conference  which , was  then  in  session,  or  having  taken  advan- 
tage of  the  reduced  railway  rates  always  given  on  such  occa- 
sions to  visit  the  city.  It  had  and  has  been  claimed  that  there 
were  other  previous  Democratic  gatherings  of  Territorial 
magnitude,  and  this  is  true,  in  a  sense,  as  shown,  but  these 
were  so  early  in  the  political  season  that  all  the  participants 
failed  to  grasp  the  consequence  of  what  they  were  engaged 
in,  and  at  least  a  few,  being  subsequently  if  not  then  Repub- 
licans in  national  feeling,  and  still  more  whose  political  under- 
standing was  not  full-orbed,  must  have  had  a  somewhat  confused 
idea  of  what  it  was  they  were  at.  The  party  convention 
business  was  a  comparatively  new  thing  in  Utah  at  that  time, 
and  anything  that  was  labeled  "convention"  was  sure,  like 
the  net  cast  into  the  sea,  to  bring  in  all  kinds  of  fish.  Un- 


138  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

doubtedly  there  were  some  pretty  strong,  prominent,  intelli- 
gent men  in  attendance,  or  the  gatherings  might  have  "gang 
agley"  badly.  It  is  also  not  forgotten  that  another  conven- 
tion of  the  Democracy  was  held  in  1886,  when  Col.  Ferry,  of 
Park  City,  was  nominated  for  Delegate  to  Congress,  but  this 
was  a  Liberal  as  well  as  a  Democratic  affair,  no  Mormons 
being  admitted,  and  the  probabilities  are  that  it  was  about  as 
incongruous  as  the  other;  also  there  have  been  conventions  to 
elect  delegates  to  the  national  conventions.  To  the  Sage- 
brushers,  then,  must  be  accorded  the  honor  of  having  set  the 
ball  of  the  new  dispensation  rolling. 

Those  who  took  the  most  active  and  prominent  part  in 
the  convention  were  George  C.  Whitmore  (now  State  Sen- 
ator), of  Nephi;  W.  H.  King,  ex-Judge  and  ex-Congress- 
man, then  ot  Fillmore;  ex-Judge  W.  N.  Dusenberry,  S.  R. 
Thurman,  A.  O.  Smoot,  Jr.  and  Dr.  W.  R.  Pike,  of  Provo; 
F.  R.  Kenner  and  W.  K.  Reid,  of  Manti;  A.  W.  Ivins,  of 
St.  George;-  Dr.  J.  M.  Benedict,  H.  J.  Faust,  S.  W. 
Darke,  H.  D.  Johnson  and  S.  A.  Kenner,  of  Salt  Lake. 
The  meeting  was  largely  impromptu,  having  been  brought 
together  by  call  through  the  papers  and  personal  notification, 
so  nothing  of  the  cut-and-dried  kind  was  in  evidence.  Judge 
Dusenberry  was  elected  chairman  and  S.  W.  Darke  secre- 
tary. All  hands  felt  a  sort  of  Faneuil  Hall  responsibility 
resting  upon  them  and  the  feeling  that  each  was  a  patriotic 
pioneer  whose  work  wrould  be  a  broad,  bright  mark  in  the 
history  of  the  commonwealth  was  distinctly  existent  and 
plainly  manifest.  It  being  a  mass  convention  the  usual  pre- 
liminaries could  not  be  had;  there  could  be  no  committee  on 
credentials,  because  there  were  but  few  if  any  with  creden- 
tials, but  finally  a  motion  carried  to  have  a  similar  committee 
whose  duty  it  would  be  to  report  a  list  of  those  entitled  to 
participate,  and  with  such  a  crude  beginning  the  work  went 
forward. 

The  papers  treated  the  gathering  variously;  ridicule,  sar- 
casm,  reproach  and   even   contempt   were   visited   upon   the 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS.  139 

conventioners,  the  most  prominent  in  its  antagonistic  sarcasm 
being  the  Tribune,  which  gave  them  the  name  by  which  they 
became  known,  they  holding  that,  while  designed  as  a  meas- 
ure of  ridicule,  the  term  was  quite  appropriate,  "as  no  one 
ever  knew  sagebrush  to  grow  on  unfruitful  soil."  They  got 
no  support  from  any  paper  in  the  Territory  until  they  char- 
tered a  little  affair  at  Nephi  and  sent  the  "war-horse"  of  De- 
mocracy, Hadley  D.  Johnson,  down  to  conduct  it. 

It  was  a  question  for  some  time  (the  convention  was  in 
session  some  twelve  hours)  as  to  whether  or  not  the  members 
would  have  the  individual  temerity  to  nominate  a  candidate 
for  Delegate  to  Congress,  and  whether  the  one  so  named 
would  care  to  make  the  race  with  an  infilading  fire  from  two 
hostile  forces  pouring  in  on  him  from  start  to  finish.  The 
first  recess  had  been  taken  and  two  or  three  hours  had  been 
spent  in  speech-making  over  resolutions  and  anything  that 
came  up;  the  hall  was  packed  with  eager  spectators  among 
whom  was  a  constant  buzzing  and  occasionally  an  audible 
"wonder  if  they  will?"  The  wonder  didn't  last  long.  With- 
out previous  warning  a  member  arose  to  his  feet  and  amid 
breathless  silence  obtained  the  eye  of  the  chair,  all  seeming 
instinctively  to  realize  what  was  coming.  "I  move  you,  sir," 
he  said,  "that  we  now  proceed  to  nominate  a  candidate  for 
Delegate  to  Congress."  Then  the  spell  was  broken  and  the 
erstwhile  silence  was  punctuated  with  discordant  sounds. 
The  motion  carried,  being  opposed  only  by  A.  W.  Ivins  and 
one  or  two  others. 

S.  R.  Thurman  was  nominated  on  the  second  ballot,  the 
only  others  that  were  voted  for  being  Dr.  Pike,  who  was  a  close 
second,  and  S.  A.  Kenner,  whose  support  was  not  consequen- 
tial. The  nomination  was  made  unanimous,  and  after  the 
cheering  and  general  tumult  was  over  another  crucial  ques- 
tion was  before  the  assembly.  Nearly  all  those  people  were 
members  in  good  standing  of  the  dominant  Church,  other- 
wise the  "People's  party,'7  and  would  the  Democratic 
nominee  have  the  hardihood  to  accept  and  make  a  fight? 


140 


UTAH  AS  IT  fS. 


Would  the  rest  of  us  have  the  nerve  to  support  him  actively, 
knowing  that  to  do  so  meant  at  least  a  temporary  withdrawal 
from  the  beaten  path  in  which  we  had  walked  so  pleasurably 
and  so  long? 

The  discussion   that  followed  the  nomination    was  long 
and  animated,   being  broken  in  upon  by  another  recess,  after 

which  it  was  resumed,  and 
finally  matters  were  brought 
to  a  focus  by  War-horse 
Johnson  moving  that  the 
nominee  take  the  stand  and 
let  us  know  what  he  intended 
to  do.  It  was  thought  by 
many  that  the  proper  thing 
for  him  would  be  to  decline 
on  the  ground  that  it  had 
not  been  intended  at  the 
outset  to  put  up  a  candidate, 
but  merely  to  organize,  and 
that  therefore  the  thing  was 
sprung  upon  him.  He  took 
the  stand  with  conflicting 
emotions  contending  for  the 
mastery  plainly  manifest  up- 
on his  countenance.  "Gen- 
tlemen," said  he,  "this  ac- 
tion on  your  part  was  wholly  unexpected  by  me.  While 
seeking  and  asking  for  nothing,  I  still  appreciate  in  the  fullest 
manner  the  great  honor  you  have  done  me.  While  I  had 
rather  it  had  fallen  elsewhere,  I  will  not  treat  it  slightingly.  I 
accept  the  nomination  and  will  make  the  race,  and — " 

But  he  got  no  further  for  awhile.  The  shouts  and  cheers 
not  only  stopped  him  but  well-nigh  cracked  the  plastering  and 
broke  the  window  panes.  "Sam"  was  all  at  once  the  lion  of 
the  hour.  Judge  King  was  the  happiest  man  in  Utah  and 
"Brother"  Johnson  looked  twenty  years  younger.  (He  was 


S.    R.    THURMAN. 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS.  141 

a  man  who  did  not  take  his  Democracy  in  a  diluted  con- 
dition, and  he  lived  long  enough  to  enjoy  the  fruition  of  his 
hopes  in  the  complete  establishment  of  national  party  lines.) 
A  campaign  was  inaugurated  and  carried  along  vigorously, 
ymany  who  would  not  at  that  time  permit  themselves  to  be 
disclosed  as  sympathizers  subscribing  liberally  to  the  expense 
fund.  The  Salt  Lake  Herald,  which  had  given  the  move- 
ment encouragement  all  along,  suddenly  found  itself  unable 
to  stand  the  pressure  and  went  to  the  support  of  the  "People's" 
candidate,  John  T.  Caine,  he  being  then  an  owner  in  that 
paper;  its  reasons  for  such  action  were  so  peculiarly  put  forth 
that  the  Tribune  got  in  a  good  blow  on  it,  saying,  "If  there 
is  anything  more  mysterious  than  the  Herald 's  flop,  it  is  the 
Herald's  explanation  of  its  flop."  The  Sagebrushers  felt 
quite  elated  over  the  vote  polled  for  their  ticket — 511,  this 
being — the  short  notice  and  other  things  considered — quite  a 
showing  for  a  commencement.  Although  the  organization 
exists  only  as  a  memory  now,  it  is  by  many  a  most  cherished 
one.  When  the  writer  was  doing  time  in  the  second  State 
Legislature  he  kept  a  bunch  of  sagebrush  upon  his  desk,  the 
chief  merit  of  which  performance  was  that  it  didn't  hurt 
anybody. 


THE  BEGINNING  BEGINS  AT  LAST. 

IT  WAS  not  until  June,  1890,  that  a  movement  looking  to 
the  actual  breaking  up  of  existing  things  in  a  political  way 
and  a  realignment  on  national  lines  took  place.  At  this  time 
a  meeting  was  held  at  the  office  of  United  States  Marshal 
Frank  H.  Dyer  (subsequently  deceased),  at  which  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  consider  the  feasibility  of  abandon- 
ing local  organizations  and  beginning  in  earnest  the  order  of 
things  at  present  prevailing.  Other  meetings  were  held,  and 
finally  a  clufr  was  formed  and  a  declaration  of  principles 
adopted;  of  this,  all  who  favored  the  Democratic  cause  (Mor- 


142  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

mons  included)  were  invited  to  become  members.  A  great 
many  did  so.  Soon  after,  Chairman  Franklin  S.  Richards,  of 
the  People's  party,  realizing  and  appreciating  the  logic  of 
circumstances,  called  the  Salt  Lake  County  Committee  to- 
gether for  the  purpose  of  considering  the  question  of  disband- 
ing the  party,  which  was  done.  Then  came  the  more 
weighty  question  of  dissolving  the  Territorial  organization. 
On  June  10,  1891,  the  committee  of  the  latter  met  in  this 
city,  whereat  the  following  offical  pronunciamento  was  unani- 
mously adopted: 

"Whereas,  a  radical  change  has  taken  place  in  the  polit- 
ical situation  of  this  Territory;  the  progressive  people  of 
various  parties  have  determined  to  abandon  old  strifes,  to 
dissolve  merely  local  combinations  and  to  make  national  ques- 
tions paramount; 

"Whereas,  both  Democrats  and  Republicans  who  for- 
merly united  with  the  so-called  Liberal  party  for  the 
purpose  of  overcoming  the  People's  party,  have  severed  that 
connection  and  have  organized  under  their  respective  party 
lines  and  principles; 

"Whereas,  each  of  these  organizations  has  repudiated  the 
'Liberal'  policy,  designed  to  destroy  the  political  liberties  of 
the  majority  of  our  people,  and  have  declared  against  disfran- 
chisement  except  for  crime  determined  by  due  process  of  law; 

"Whereas,  they  have  invited  the  citizens  of  Utah,  re- 
gardless of  difference  in  religious  views,  to  join  with  them 
in  working  for  the  political  redemption  of  this  Territory; 

•"Whereas,  the  chief  necessity  for  the  existence  of  the 
People's  party  has  been  the  compact  union  and  destructive 
desires  of  the  'Liberal'  faction,  which  is  now  in  process  of 
reluctant  dissolution; 

"Whereas,  the  People's  party  has  always  cherished  the 
great  principles  of  popular  sovereignty,  local  self-govern- 
ment and  national  supremacy  in  national  affairs,  which  both 
the  great  national  parties  recognize, while  differing  as  to  minor 
matters; 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS.  143 

"Whereas,  several  of  the  county  organizations  of  the 
People's  party  have  determined  that  the  time  has  come  when 
they  can  safely  dissolve  their  local  party  associations  and  can 
labor  more  efficiently  both  for  the  welfare  of  Utah  and  the 
growth  and  glory  of  the  United  States  by  uniting  with  one  or 
the  other  of  the  national  parties;  and, 

"Whereas,  it  is  desirable  that  the  dissensions  and  strug- 
gles which  have  heretofore  hindered  the  development  and 
progress  of  this  Territory  should  be  left  behind  and  obliterated 
in  the  march  of  its  people  toward  their  high  destiny.  Now, 
therefore,  be  it 

"Resolved,  that  it  is  the  sense  of  the  Territorial  Central 
Committee  of  the  People's  party  of  Utah,  that  the  party 
throughout  the  Territory  should  dissolve  and  leave  its  mem- 
bers free  to  unite  with  the  great  national  parties  according  to 
their  individual  preference." 

This  action  was  promptly  accepted  by  the  Democrats,  who 
at  a  subsequent  meeting  took  the  necessary  formal  steps  in 
the  shape  of  preambles  and  a  resolution,  the  latter  being  as 
follows : 

"Resolved,  first,  that  it  is  the  sense  of  this  committee 
that  the  Democratic  party  of  Utah  accepts  the  act  of  the  dis- 
solution of  the  People's  party  as  done  in  all  sincerity  and  good 
faith,  and  will  give  to  its  former  members  who  may  unite 
with  it  a  cordial  welcome.  Second,  it  rejoices  in  the  belief 
that  we  are  now  entering  upon  a  period  of  good  will,  wherein 
the  animosities  engendered  by  past  local  contentions  will  be 
healed  and  that  the  people  of  the  Territory,  while  contending 
for  the  supremacy  of  the  national  party  of  their  choice,  will 
unitedly  work  in  peace  and  without  bitterness  and  strife  for 
the  prosperity  and  happiness  of  the  Territory.  Third,  that  a 
committee  composed  of  the  chairman  and  three  other  mem- 
bers of  the  committee  prepare  and  issue  an  address  to  the 
Democrats  of  this  Territory,  calling  upon  them  to  unite  as  one 
man  in  an  effort  to  build  up  the  party  in  Utah." 

Then    it    was  in  order    for    the    Republicans  to  "show 


144  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

their  colors,"  which  they  were  nowise  slow  or  unwilling  to 
do.  A  called  meeting  was  held  in  the  Theatre  in  this  city  on 
the  2Oth  of  May  following.  The  gathering  was  a  monster, 
the  house  being  crowded  to  the  doors.  On  the  stage  were 
C.  W.  Bennett  as  chairman  and  H.  G.  McMillan  as  secretary, 
with  a  number  of  prominent  local  Republicans.  The  preT 
vailing  sentiment  as  to  division  or  no  division  on  national  lines 
was  about  equally  divided,  with  perhaps  a  slight  majority  in 
favor  of  the  former.  A  stormy  session  was  held,  the  speak- 
ers being  cheered  at  times  and  hooted  at  others  in  accordance 
with  the  predilections  of  those  who  made  the  demonstrations. 
Finally  the  pending  motion  was  put,  to  forsake  local  issues 
for  national  Republicanism,  which  the  chair  declared  carried 
amid  a  good  deal  of  confusion.  Those  who  voted  "aye" 
subsequently  acted  in  accordance  with  such  vote,  those  who 
opposed  remaining  with  the  Liberals  until  that  organization 
disbanded  on  November  18,  1894. 


THE  "SAGEBRUSH"  INSPIRATION. 

EARLY  in  May,  1888,  a  Democratic  Territorial  con- 
vention was  held  in  Ogden  for  the  purpose  of  electing  two 
delegates  to  the  national  convention  at  St.  Louis  and  choosing 
a  Territorial  committee.  It  was  a  "corker,"  and  as  illustrative 
of  the  state  of  feeling  existing  at  the  time  and  showing  what 
difficulties  had  to  be  overcome  in  establishing  national  lines 
here,  it  is  given  a  place  in  this  chapter. 

It  was  an  open  secret  that  Mormon  delegates  would  not 
be  admitted,  and  but  few  were  elected  anyway.  Among  these 
were  the  following :  W.H.  King,  Millard  county ;  S.R.  Thurman, 
Utah  county;  C.  C.  Richards,  Weber  county;  S.  A.  Kenner, 
Salt  Lake  and  Sanpete  counties.  Judge  R.  K.  Williams,  of 
Ogden,  who  was  not  a  Mormon,  but  so  well  connected  with 
them  by  reason  of  business  associations  and  friendly  feelings 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS. 


145 


as  to  be  rated  one  (a  "jack  Mormon"  was  what  he  was 
called),  shared  the  same  fate  as  his  associates.  Five  of  the 
Gentile  delegates  championed  the  cause  of  the  Mormons  and 
insisted  upon  their  being  seated,  their  election  and  credentials 
being  regular;  they  were — Joseph  L.  Rawlins,  Ben  Sheeks, 
J.  G.  Sutherland,  H.  S.  Laney  and  one  other,  whose  name 
cannot  at  present  be  recalled.  Needless  to  say,  their  labors  in 
favor  of  a  square  deal  were  wholly  unavailing;  indeed,  it 
looked  at  times  as  though  they  were  placing  their  own  seats 
in  jeopardy  by  their  zeal  and  persistence. 

The  ball  opened  by  Chairman  W.  C.  Hall,  of  the  State 
committee,  calling  to  order,  and  before  he  could  proceed  any 
further  Mr.  Rawlins  was  on  his  feet  to  name  a  temporary 

chairman.  Cries  of  "Sit 
down,"  "Go  on, "etc.,  became 
somewhat  terrific,  but  .finally 
Mr.  Hall  succeeded  in  an- 
nouncing that  Judge  Powers 
had  been  selected  by  the 
committee  as  temporary 
chairman,  and  amid  consider- 
able confusion  the  judge  ad- 
vanced to  the  stage  and  took 


the  chair.  The  circus  was 
on,  but  the  greater  attractions 
came  later. 

The  usual  proceedings 
took  place,  chief  of  which 
was  the  appointment  of 
committees  on  credentials 
and  platform,  and  then  oc- 
w.  H.  KING.  curred  the  customary  •re- 

cess. When  the  re-as- 
sembling occurred  and  the  committees'  reports  were  read  the 
expected  happened.  The  credentials  committee  had  excluded 
the  Mormons,  along  with  Judge  Williams,  and  the  resolutions 


146  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

contained  a  provision  that  membership  in  the  party  be  not 
recognized  in  those  who  were  also  members  of  the  People's 
party.  More  turmoil  ensued,  but  everything  went  as  sched- 
uled. Then  it  was  that  the  outcasts  decided  to  remain  any- 
way and  participate  as  far  as  possible,  feeling  that  they  had 
as  much  right  there  as  those  who  had  voted  them  out.  The 
scenes  following  were  at  times  so  boisterous,  rapid  and  even 
dangerous  that,  being  related  from  memory,  they  cannot  all 
be  told.  Once  a  deputy  U.S.  marshal  approached  Delegate 
W.  H.  King  and  was  about  to  place  his  hand  upon  that  gen- 
tleman's shoulder,  when  the  latter  exclaimed, 

"Keep  your  damned  hands  off  me,  or  you'll  wish  you 
had!" 

"Well,  preserve  order,  then,"  said  the  official. 

"I  am  a  delegate  to  this  convention,  and 'don't  take  or- 
ders from  you!"  responded  the  indignant  delegate,  and  with 
a  little  more  sparring  the  incident  closed,  but  there  were 
plenty  more  of  the  same  kind. 

When  the  reading  of  the  resolutions  had  reached  the 
point  where  they  declared  that  "we  can  have  no  affiliation 
with  those  professed  Democrats  who  hold  membership  in  the 
'People's  party'"  had  been  read,  the  delegate  from  Salt 
Lake  and  Sanpete  called  out,  "I  move  to  amend  by  inserting 
after  the  word  'People's'  the  words  'or  Liberal.' '  Another 
jangle  ensued,  but  finally  Judge  E.  D.  Hoge  managed  to  be 
heard,  and  moved  that  "tnose  persons  who  are  here  by  the 
sufferance  of  this  convention  be  compelled  to  behave  or  else 
be  expelled  from  the  house."  The  dual  delegate  immediately 
responded,  "We  are  not  here  by  sufferance;  this  is  as  much 
our  convention  as  yours."  This  brought  the  deputy  marshal 
back  to  the  storm  center,  and  a  scene  similar  to  that  which 
occfurred  in  the  case  of  Delegate  King  took  place.  And  thus 
it  went.  All  the  Mormons  (and  Judge  Williams)  finally  with- 
drew, one  of  them  saying,  as  the  exodus  occurred,  "Let's  go 
and  hold  a  decent  convention."  They  assembled  elsewhere, 
but  didn't  do  much  but  protest  just  then. 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS.  147 

S.  A.  Merritt  (whose  initials  spell  the  name  which  a 
good  many  of  his  acquaintances  have  called  him  by)  was  per- 
manent chairman  of  the  convention.  In  his  opening  speech 
he  said,  among  other  things,  "A  man's  first  allegiance  is  to 
his  country,  his  next  allegiance  is  to  his  party."  Whereupon 
one  of  the  subsequently  expelled  irreconcilables  called  out, 
"Where  does  God  come  in?"  "Nowhere,"  the  chairman 
condescended  to  reply.  "He  has  nothing  to  do  with  political 

rentions." 

Did  the  chairman  build  wiser  than  he  knew? 


JUDGES  AND  JUDICIAL  DISTRICTS. 

FOLLOWING  are  the  Chief  Justices  of  Utah  from  the  first: 

Heber  C.  Kimball, 1848-1850  Alexander  White, 1875-1876 

Joseph  Buffington, 1850-1851  Michael  SehaefFer, 1876-1879 

L.  G.  Brandebury, 1851-1852  John  A.  Hunter, 1879-1884 

Lazarus  H  Reed, 1852-1853  Charles  S  Zane, 1884-1887 

John  F.  Kinney. 1853-1858  Elliott  R.  Sandford, 1887-1889 

Delano  R.  Eccles, 1858-1860  Charles  S.  Zane, 1889-1893 

John  F.  Kinney, 1860-1863  Samuel  A.  Merritt, 1893-1896 

John  Titus 1863-1867  Charles  S.  Zane, 1896-1899 

Charles  C.  Wilson,. 1867-1870  George  W.  Bartch, 1899-1901 

James  B.  McKean, 1870-1874  James  A.  Miner, 1901-1903 

David  P.  Lowe, 1874-1875  Robert  N.  Baskin, 1903 

The  names  of  the  Associate  Justices  from  the  beginning, 
in  the  order  of  their  appointment  or  election,  are  as  follows: 

John  Taylor,  H.  K.  Whitney,  Perry  C.  Brocchus,  Zerubbabel  Snow, 
Leonidas  Shaver,  George  P.  Stiles,  W.  W.  Drummond,  E.  D.  Potter,  Charles 
E.  Sinclair,  John  Cradlebaugh,  Charles  B.  Waite,  Thomas  J.  Drake,  Enos  D. 
Hoge,  Solomon  P.  McCurdy,  Cyrus  M.  Hawley,  O.  F.  Strickland,  Jacob  S. 
Boreman,  Charles  S.  Emerson,  Stephen  P.  Twiss,  Henry  P.  Henderson,  Or- 
lando W.  Powers,  Thomas  J.  Anderson,  John  W.  Blackburn,  John  W.  Judd, 
George  W.  Bartch,  William  H.  King,  H.  W.  Smith,  Henry  H.  Rolapp,  James 
A.  Miner,  Robert  N.  Baskin,  William  M.  McCarty. 

(The  present  Supreme  Court  members  having  been  pre- 
sented in  the  foregoing  lists  and  in  company  with  the  other 


148  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

State   officers,   the   District   or  nisi  prius  Judges  and  District 
Attorneys  are  here  given  a  place  by  themselves.) 
The  judicial  districts  and  officers  are  as  follows: 

First  district — Cache,  Box  Elder  and  Rich  Counties.  Charles  H.  Hart, 
Judge;  Frank  K.  Nebeker,  Attorney. 

Second  district — Weber,  Morgan  and  Davis  Counties.  Henry  H.  Ro- 
lapp,  Judge;  A.  B.  Hayes,  Attorney. 

Third  district — Summit,  Salt  Lake  and  Tooele  Counties.  William  C. 
Hall,  Charles  W.  Morse  and  Samuel  W.  Stewart,  Judges;  Dennis  C.  Eichnor, 
Attorney. 

Fourth  district — Utah,  Wasatch  and  Uintah  Counties.  John  E.  Booth, 
Judge;  A.  C.  Hatch,  Attorney. 

Fifth  district — Juab,  Millard,  Iron,  Beaver  and  Washington  Counties. 
Thomas  Marioneux,  Judge;  Joshua  Greenwood,  Attorney. 

Sixth  district — Sevier,  Piute,  Wayne,  Garfield  and  Kane  Counties.  John 
F.  Chidester,  Judge;  Jos.  H.  Ericksen,  Attorney. 

Seventh  district — Sanpete,  Carbon,  Grand,  Emery  and  San  Juan  Coun- 
ties. Jacob  Johnson,  Judge;  W.  D.  Livingston,  Attorney. 

The  elections  for  these  occur  at  the  same  time  as  the 
Presidential  elections,  the  term  being  four  years.  All  vacan- 
cies occurring  during  a  term  are  filled  by  appointment  of  the 
Governor,  the  appointee  holding  office  till  the  next  general 
election  and  his  successor  qualifies.  Each  District  Court  has 
a  stenographer  appointed  by  the  Judge  thereof.  At  least 
four  terms  of  court  per  annum  must  be  held  at  the  county 
seat  of  each  county.  District  Judges  must  be  at  least  twenty- 
five  years  old  and  "learned  in  the  law."  The  number  of 
Judges  and  the  boundaries  of  districts  may  be  changed  by 
law,  but  no  district  can  have  more  than  three  Judges.  Sal- 
ary, $4,000  a  year.  (The  Supreme  Judges  receive  $5,000 
a  year.) 

Former  Judges  were — Ervin  A.  Wilson,  Fourth  district, 
who  held  the  office  but  a  short  time  and  resigned  on  account 
of  ill  health.  He  was  succeeded  by  Warren  N.  Dusenberry, 
who  remained  in  office  until  April,  1898,  when  he  resigned 
and  was  succeeded  by  Judge  Booth.  E.  V.  Higgins  served 
in  the  Fifth  district  from  the  beginning  up  to  January,  i, 
1901,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Judge  Marioneux.  W.  M. 


GROW1H  OF  POLITICS.  149 

McCarty  served  in  the  Sixth  district  from  the  beginning  up 
to  January  i,  1903,  when  he  took  the  seat  on  the  Supreme 
bench  to  which  he  had  been  chosen  in  the  preceding  general 
election.  He  was  succeeded  by  J.  F.  Chidester,  formerly 
Attorney  of  that  district. 

The  law  creating  the  District  Attorneyships  was  passed 
in  1899,  and  four  appointments  were  made,  pursuant  to  the 
statute,  to  fill  the  places  till  the  general  election  the  following 
year.  These  were — Fourth  district,  A.  C.  Hatch;  Fifth  dis- 
trict, Thomas  Marioneux;  Sixth  district,  John  F.  Chidester; 
Seventh  district,  F.  E.  Wood. 


THE  ROBERTS  CASE. 

IN  THE  general  election  of  1898,  as  shown  in  a  previous 
chapter,  Brigham  Henry  Roberts  was  the  Democratic  nomi- 
nee for  Representative  to  Congress;  Alma  Eldredge  repre- 
sented the  Republicans  and  Warren  Foster  the  Populists. 
An  animated  campaign  resulted,  made  somewhat  more  so  by 
the. charges  of  polygamous  relations  openly  and  persistently 
made  against  Mr.  Roberts.  He  opened  his  canvass  in  Provo 
about  the  middle  of  October,  the  meeting  being  held  in  the 
Opera  House,  which  was  thronged,  the  expectation  that  he 
would  either  affirm  or  deny  the  correctness  of  the  charges 
being  of  itself  a  drawing  card.  The  audience  was  disap- 
pointed in  this;  although  his  address,  which  was  quite  lengthy, 
was  a  most  able  and  eloquent  one,  showing  great  research 
and  careful  consideration  of  the  subjects  dealt  with,  his  family 
affairs  were  not  even  hinted  at.  The  principal,  practically 
the  only  feature  of  the  speech  was  the  silver  question,  the 
speaker  planting  himself  squarely  upon  the  bi-metallic  side  of 
the  controversy  and  presaging  a  campaign  upon  that  issue. 
But  the  ignoring  of  the  polygamy  charges  by  him  was  by  no 
means  getting  rid  of  them,  but  exactly  the  reverse,  his  oppo- 
nents, notably  the  Tribune,  pelting  him  with  all  manner  of 


150 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


verbal  missiles,  even  going  into  uncalled-for  personalities  to 
make  his  alleged  transgressions  as  conspicuous  and  odious  as 
possible.  Nevertheless  he  was  chosen  by  a  large  majority 
and  of  course  a  much  larger  plurality.  The  Republican  can- 
didate yielded  gracefully,  but  not  so  the  Populist;  having  re- 
ceived as  many  as  2,000  and  odd  votes  against  over  35,000 
for  Mr.  Roberts  and  nearly  30,000  for  Mr.  Eldredge,  he  de- 
cided to  make  a  contest!  It  came  to  nothing,  however, unless 
it  was  to  keep  the  situation  a  little  more  prominently  before 

the  Nation  than  might 
otherwise  have  been  the 
case.  The  fight  that 
was  made  upon  Mr. 
Roberts  was  more  dis- 
cordant than  system- 
atic. It  was  not  made 
by  Republicans  alone 
but  the  Tray,  Blanche 
and  Sweetheart  of  every 
shade  of  opinion  (apart 
from  his  own)  joined 
in.  "The  purity  of  the 
home,"  "the  sanctity 
of  the  fireside,"  and  oth- 
er stock  catch-phrases 
which  had  done  duty 

in  many  anti-Mormon  campaigns,  were  brought  out  anew 
and  worked  to  a  frazzle.  ,  A  long  and  tedious  investiga- 
tion by  a  committee  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
took  place,  the  upshot  of  which  was  the  vacating  of  the 
seat.  Mr.  Roberts  then  returned  to  Utah  and  resumed  his 
customary  duties  without  displaying  his  bruises — if  he  had 
any — or  in  any  manner  airing  his  grievances,  if  he  had  any  to 
air.  He  is  concededly  a  most  able  man  and  would  undoubt- 
edly have  made  an  exceptional  Representative. 

A  special  election  to  fill   the   vacancy   in   Congress   was 


B.    H.    ROBERTS. 


GROWTH  OF  POLITICS. 


151 


held  in  the  April  following.  James  T.  Hammond,  the  Re- 
publican candidate,  was  defeated  by  William  H.  King  by  a 
substantial  majority. 


THE  LATEST  SENATOR. 

THE  Senatorial  contest  previously  spoken  of,  which  was 
the  fifth  and  resulted  in  the  election  of  Reed  Smoot,  created 

wide-spread  in- 
terest  and 
threatened  for 
a  while  to  pro- 
duce a  turmoil 
equal  to  that  oc- 
casioned by  the 
Roberts  case, 
but  at  this  writ- 
ing but  little 
has  come  of  it, 
although  the 
new  Senator 
was  charged 
with  polygamy 
and  various 
other  things. 
At  the  extra 
session  of  the 
Senate,  on  the 
fifth  of  March, 
1903,  he  was 
sworn  in  with- 
out opposition 
and  proceeded 

iwth  the  performance  of  his  duties  as  though  nothing  unusual 
had  happened.  .  A  fine  portrait  is  here  given  and  a  personal 
sketch  of  the  new  Senator  appears  elsewhere. 


REED    SMOOT. 


THE  PRESS. 


THE  FIRST  PAPER  IN  1850— THE  GREAT 
ARRAY  NOW. 

WHEN  the  reader  is  confronted  with  the  statement  that 
Utah  leads  the  world  in  the  matter  of  newspapers, 
he  may  be  disposed  to  incredulity  for  a  while;  but  if  he  will 
take  the  pains  to  follow  this  chapter  to  its  finish,  then  com- 
pare the  number  of  publications  with  the  population,  the  state- 
ment will  be  found  well  within  the  facts.  If  any  town  with 
not  less  than  1,000  inhabitants  is  without  its  local  paper,  there 
can  be  found  as  an  offset  another  town  with  not  exceeding 
2,000  people  that  has  two  papers.  And  the  support  given 
them  is,  on  the  average,  fully  up  to  that  of  the  generality  of 
publications  of  the  same  class  anywhere. 

The  pioneer  paper  of  Utah  is  the  Deseret  News,  the  first 
number  of  which  was  published  in  June,  1850.  Among 
other  effects  brought  across  the  plains  by  the  exiles  of  '47 
were  a  Ramage  hand  press  a  little  larger  than  a  clothes 
wringer  and  a  complement  of  type  and  printer's  fixtures  which 
would  now  be  looked  upon  as  very  primitive  indeed.  Still, 
they  answered  the  purpose  very  well  and  certainly  amounted 
to  more  than  could  have  been  expected  at  such  a  time  and 
under  such  circumstances.  The  paper  was  naturally  a  min- 
iature affair,  eight  pages  of  three  columns  each,  equal  to 
about  a  five  column  folio  of  the  present  day.  The  editor  was 
Willard  Richards,  one  of  the  Church  Presidency,  and  while 
his  collation  of  journalistic  matter  was  by  no  means  ponder- 
ous or  profound  it  was  doubtless  satisfactory  for  the  time  and 
no  doubt  has  been  the  means  of  dispelling  some  of  the  gloom 
which  hard  times,  scanty  subsistence  and  remoteness  from  the 
world  produced.  Mr.  Richards  must  have  been  in  possession 


THE  PRESS.  153 

of  a  degree  of  temerity  which  could  hardly  be  found  among 
the  fraternity  today,  for  in  that  first  number  he  not  only  sig- 
nified a  willingness  to  publish  homespun  poetry,  but  actually 
invited  his  readers  to  send  it  along!  He  died  in  1854  anc* 
was  succeeded  in  the  editorial  chair  by  Albert  Carrington; 
then  came  Elias  Smith  in  1859,  w^°  ne^  down  the  job  in 
a  very  acceptable  manner  till  1863,  when  Albert  Carrington 
returned  to  the  bat  for  a  long  inning.  Afterwards  George 
Q.  Cannon,  David  O.  Calder,  Charles  W.  Penrose,  John  Q. 
Cannon  and  Mr.  Penrose  again  had  a  hand  at  the  bellows. 
During  the  greater  part  of  Mr.  Penrose's  first  term  he  had  as 
associate  editor  John  Nicholson,  who,  by  reason  of  the  for- 
mer's absence  (for  causes  which  kept  a  good  many  good  men 
away  from  home  at  that  time),  was  practically  editor  in  chief 
and .  won  no  little  distinction  for  his  stalwart  and  uncompro- 
mising attitude  on  matters  affecting  his  Church  and  his  peo- 
pie.  ' 

In  January,  1854,  t^ie  -News  changed  from  a  semi-monthly 
to  a  weekly. 

The  present  force  is:  Charles  W.  Penrose,  editor  in 
chief;  J.  M.  Sjodahl,  associate  editor;  Horace  G.  Whitney, 
business  manager  and  dramatic  editor;  John  A.  Evans,  cash- 
ier; John  E.  Hansen,  city  editor;  Alfales  Young,  telegraph 
editor;  Alex.  Buchanan,  assistant  city  editor;  George  E.  Car- 
penter, railroad  reporter;  Edwin  C.  Penrose,  sporting  editor; 
Joseph  Hyrum  Parry,  agricultural  editor;  Josephine  Spencer, 
literary  and  society  editor;  R.  J.  Jessup,  commercial  reporter; 
Harry  S.  Harper,  court  reporter;  L.  H.  Beason,  mining  re- 
porter; Prof.  W.  S.  Webster,  educational  reporter;  Prof.  John 
Z.  Brown,  educational  reporter;  Eugene  B.  Lewis,  general 
reporter;  R.  K.  Casper,  general  reporter;  Alex.  McMaster, 
proof  reader. 

During  those  early  days  the  News  occupied  a  position 
somewhat  similar  to  that  of  a  well-to-do  country  paper  of 
today  in  one  of  the  outside  towns.  The  editor,  having  a 
dictionary  and  some  other  books  containing  information, 

10 


154 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


getting  papers  from  all  around,  and  in  addition  being  pre- 
sumed, like  the  Supreme  Court,  to  "know  something,"  was  a 
kind  of  factotum  for  the  community.  Publishing  but  once  a 
week,  and  the  whole  sheet  containing  about  as  much  matter 
as  the  modern  paper  puts  into  two  or  three  columns,  he  was 
appealed  to  continually  between  times  for  enlightenment 
upon  every  conceivable  subject.  Such  incidents  as  this  were 
by  no  means  uncommon : 

Visitor  (clad  in  homespun,  coatless  and  unshaven)  enters 


, 


DESERET    NEWS    OFFICE,    1850. 

and  says — "Say,  Judge,  I  got  into  a  dispute  with  Hy  Jenkins, 
and  want  you  to  settle  it." 

Editor— "All  right.     Spit  it  out." 

Visitor — "Who  was  it  that  shrieked  when  Kosciusko 
fell?" 

Editor — "Why,  'freedom,'  of  course." 

Visitor — "Confound  it,  I've  lost  again!  I  bet  it  was  Marco 
Bozarris!" 

The  News  used  to  receive  in  payment  everything]  from 
setting  hens  to  brindle  steers,  and  from  non-negotiable  prom- 
ises to  the  coin  of  the  realm — the  latter  being  less  frequent 


1BE  PRESS. 


155 


than  any  other  item  in  the  entire  category.  If  an  employe 
wanted  to  buy  a  lot  or  build  a  house,  he  could  generally  find 
a  landowner  or  some  workmen  who  either  owed  the  office 
or  were  willing  to  take  chances  on  it,  and  it  did  not  matter 
whether  the  employe's  account  showed  a  credit  or  a  debit 


DESERET    NEWS     BUILDING,     1903. 

condition;  if  he  could  get  things  he  wanted  or  have  things 
done  "on  the  office,"  it  went  at  that.  A  brotherly  feeling 
prevailed,  somewhat  resembling  a  practical  application  of 
Socialism,  and  being  behind  in  the  world's  affairs  was  not 
considered  a  sufficient  reason  why  a  family  should  be  home- 
less or  unfed;  and  when  a  big  consignment  of  butter,  eggs, 


156  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

flour  or  what  not  arrived  from  the  country — quite  a  common 
occurrence — they  were  divided  around  in  proportion  to  the 
size  of  one's  family,  the  one  with  "something  coming  to  him" 
(very  few  of  these)  faring  no  better  than  the  one  in  debt 
up  to  his  eyes;  the  editor,  printer  and  devil  were,  for  the  pur- 
poses of  distribution,  on  a  dead  level.  The  number  of  hands 
was  not  regulated  by  the  amount  of  work  to  be  done;  all 
applicants,  if  capable,  were  received,  and  each  took  his 
chance.  Every  year  the  printers  gave  a  ball  in  the  Social 
Hall,  attended  generally  by  numerous  people  in  high  stand- 
ing outside  the  craft;  the  dancing  v. ould  begin  not  later  than 
7  p.m.  and  continue  without  intermission,  except  half  an  hour 
at  midnight  for  refreshments,  until  from  2  to  4  a.m.  Talk 
about  enjoyment!  It  was  absolutely  unconfined  on  those 
occasions.  And  of  all  that  happy,  fraternal  aggregation  of 
some  eighteen  persons,  all  but  about  five  have  passed  over  the 
divide  and  joined  the  immense  caravan  in  the  land  of  shades. 
Joseph  Bull,  once  foreman  of  the  office;  W.  M.  Cowley,  com- 
positor; D.  J.  Mackintosh,  O.  F.  Lyons  and  the  writer  of  these 
lines,  apprentices,  stiil  await  the  call  to  "move  along  and 
make  room." 

The  evolution  of  the  printing  office  in  Utah  is  well  illus- 
trated in  the  accompanying  picture  of  the  Deseret  News 
establishment  and  showing  what  it  grew  out  of.  At  first 
a  little  shack,  which  still  stands  and  was  almost  as  easy  to 
get  on  top  of  as  into;  now  a  great  six  story  of  brown  stone 
and  iron,  with  all  the  modern  appliances;  beside  this,  there 
is  an  immense  annex,  which  was  commenced  as  the  building 
proper  was  nearing  completion,  to  which  is  attached  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  the  first  eight  story  building  in  this  part  of 
the  country.  It  is  all  very  wonderful,  but,  like  other  won. 
ders,  has  already  become  so  familiar  that  it  is  looked  upon  as 
the  merest  matter  of  course. 

The  next  journalistic  venture  to  be  "flung  to  the  breeze" 
was  the  Valley  Tan,  a  rabid  anti-Mormon  weekly.  Its  first 
issue  was  on  November  53  1858,  and  being  unable  to  exude 


THE  PRESS. 


157 


its  virus  as  fast  as  the  same  was  generated,  it  passed  away 
through  congestion  of  the  spleen  in  less  than  two  years, 
"unhonored,  unwept  and  unsung."  Its  editor  was  Kirk 
Anderson,  and  he  had  the  reputation  of  being  the  homeliest 


EDITORS  OF  UTAH,  PAST    AND    PRESENT. 
(The  first  six  of  the  group  have  pa*se«l  away;  the  others  are  very  much  alive.) 


158 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


man  in  the  Territory.  (The  writer  was  not  here  then,  and 
was  only  a  "kid"  anyway).  Where  Kirk  got  the  name  of  his 
paper  from  is  not  disclosed.  Some  time  before  he  opened 
his  batteries  on  the  suffering  Saints  a  distillery  in  the  neigh- 
borhood had  got  into  the  secret  of  producing  a  new  variety  of 
the  waters  of  Lethe  to  which  the  name  of  "Valley  Tan"  was 

attached ;  but  whether  the  christen- 
ing occurred  before  or  after  the 
paper's  advent,  is  another  sealed- 
up  secret,  so  which  was  named 
for  the  other  is  a  conjecture. 
They  were,  however,  properly 
endowed  for  a  name  in  common, 
both  being  long-range  paralyzers. 
After  a  draught  of  'Valley  Tan 
(the  fluid,  not  the  paper),  a  com- 
plete metamorphosis  resulted;  the 
victim  immediately  became  some- 
body else,  usually  a  man  of  some 
distinction  in  military  or  political 
circles;  and  after  two  or  three 
"snorts,"  he  would  as  likely 
as  not  place  himself  at  the  head 
of  an  imaginary  procession  for  hours  at  a  time,  his  breath 
being  a  cloud  of  smoke  by  day  and  his  nose  a  pillar  of 
fire  by  night.  I  once  saw  a  fellow  under  the  "influence;"  he 
was  standing  on  a  pile  of  lumber  at  a  street  corner  energetic- 
ally flourishing  a  cane,  and  among  other  vehement  ejacula- 
lations  was  the  following:  "Attention,  the  whole  world! 
By  nations,  on  your  right  wheel,  march!"  \nother  man 
was  reported  on;  he  had  taken  but  one  or  two  small  doses, 
but  became  so  disconcerted  that  he  went  home  and  actually 
made  love  to  his  own  wife!  This,  however,  may  be  exag- 
geration; such  things  always  grow  with  usage.  (The  reader 
will  be  good  enough  to  pardon  this  little  digression). 

The    Mountaineer,    a    good-sized,    well-appearing    folio, 


"ATTENTION,  THE  WHOLE 
WORLD!" 


THE  PRESS.  159 

ably  conducted  by  James  Ferguson  and  Seth  M.  Blair,  com- 
menced publication  here  on  August  27,  1859,  but  succumbed 
to  the  inevitable  two  or  three  years  later. 

The  Vidette  was  started  on  November  20,  1863,  by  mem- 
bers of  General  Connor's  command,  it  being  the  first  daily  in 
this  part  of  the  world.  It  moved  down  to  the  city  injanuary 
following,  and  soon  thereafter  found  its  way  to  the  journal- 
istic cemetery  that  Salt  Lake  has  proved  itself  to  be. 

On  July  5,  1864,  the  first  number  of  \htDaily  Telegraph 
made  its  appearance  in  Salt  Lake  City,  and  was  at  once 
received  with  marked  favor,  the  war  news  having  become  of 
such  absorbing  interest  that  something  more  than  a  weekly 
was  demanded.  T.  B.  H.  Stenhouse  was  editor,  and  he  showed 
himself  to  be  an  enterprising,  sagacious,  wide-awake  hand  at 
the  business,  although  his  previous  experience  in  journalism 
had  been  chiefly  if  not  entirely  as  a  correspondent.  He. had  as 
assistants  John  Jaques  and  James  McKnight,  two  men  who 
in  that  day  were  considered  quite  capable.  T,  G.  Webber, 
subsequently  superintendent  of  the  great  Z.  C.  M.  I.  establish- 
ment for  several  years,  was  Mr.  Stenhouse's  business  man- 
ager, and  a  most  thorough  one  he  was.  The  Telegraph  had 
a  good,  long  run  under  prosperous  circumstances  for  a  while, 
but  the  receding  of  the  boom  which  had  been  precipitated  by 
the  Pacific  Railway's  completion  left  business  affairs  so  flat 
that  the  paper,  after  fluctuating  more  or  less,  finally  winked 
out  altogether.  Mr.  Stenhouse  died  in  March,  1882,  at  San 
Francisco. 

Papers  have  come  and  gone  in  such  great  number  since 
then  that  to  enumerate  them  would  be  a  very  exacting  task, 
and  not  sufficiently  interesting  to  justify  the  trouble.  Only 
those  at  present  in  existence  will  now  be  dealt  with,  and  they 
will  occupy  all  the  available  space. 

THE    DAILIES   OF  TODAY. 

During  the  latter  part  of  May,  1870,  Edward  L.  Sloan, 
William  C.  Dunbar  and  S.  A.  Kenner  began  a  canvass  for 


160  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

patronage  looking  to  the  publication  of  a  new  daily  here,  the 
News  at  that  time  having  the  field  all  to  itself.  The  fates  were 
propitious  and  on  the  5th  of  the  following  month  the  advent 
occurred  with  the  name  of  the  Daily  Herald.  The  first  named 
was  editor,  the  second  business  manager  and  the  third  went  into 
the  mechanical  department,  preferring  goodly  "strings"  ($30 
to  $40  a  week)  to  speculation.  After  a  few  issues  the  force  at 
headquarters  was  augmented  by  John  T.  Caine,  who  took  the 
billet  of  general  assistant.  The  paper  at  first  was  a  six  col- 
umn folio,  but  was  soon  enlarged  .to  seven,  then  to  eight  col- 
umns, and  once  got  up  to  nine  columns,  but  this  proved  a  lit- 
tle premature  and  was  soon  abandoned,  but  not  for  good,  the 
sheet  having  expanded  and  improved  with  the  times  and  be- 
ing now  and  for  some  years  past  a  strictly  metropolitan  pro- 
duction. The  great  Franco-Prussian  war,  breaking  out  soon 
after  the  publication  began  and  its  shadows  having  overspread 
Europe  even  at  the  beginning,  helped  things  along  wonder- 
fully, and  the  paper  received  aid  in  various  ways.  During  its 
career  it  has  had  as  editors,  at  different  times,  after  Mr.  Sloan's 
death  (August  2,  1874),  E-  N-  Fuller,  Byron  Groo,  C.  W. 
Penrose,  B.  H.  Roberts  and  others  more  or  less  known  to  the 
community,  but  the  founder  himself  gave  the  Herald  its  status 
and  impetus,  his  aggressiveness,  virility  and  knowledge  of  the 
business  giving  him  and  it  a  wide  reputation  from  the  start. 
Mr.  Groo  also  worked  up  to  an  enviable  position  in  the  jour- 
nalistic field,  his  untiring  labors  and  comprehensive  grasp  of 
public  affairs  redounding  to  the  paper's  welfare  through  a 
long  incumbency.  Good  words  might  properly  be  said  of  all 
who  have  for  periods  or  temporarily  been  at  the  Herald*^ 
helm  during  the  thirty-three  years  of  its  existence. 

The  Mormon  Jribune  (weekly)  was  begun  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  year  1870,  by  seceders  from  the  Church.  On 
April  15,  1871,  other  interests  and  influences  being  in  control, 
it  was  made  a  daily,  "Mormon"  was  dropped  from  the  title 
as  well  as  from  friendly  consideration,  and  as  a  more  or  less 
pronounced  opponent  of  the  dominant  Church  it  has  contin- 


THE  PRESS.  161 

ued  till  the  present  time,  albeit  under  the  present  management 
the  opposition  is  more  incidental  than  persistent. 

The  Ogden  Standard  is  a  successor  of  the  Herald  of 
that  city,  and  it  of  the  Junction,  which  was  established  Janu- 
ary i,  1870.  It  is  a  paper  of  metropolitan  tendencies  and  had 
its  beginning  at  the  hands  of  that  youthful  Nestor  of  Utah 
journalism,  Hon.  Frank  J.  Cannon,  The  present  and  for  some 
time  editor  and  proprietor  is  William  Glasmann,  an  extended 
sketch  of  whom  appears  elsewhere. 

The  Enquirer,  of  Provo,  was  first  issued  on  September 
5,  1877,  by  its  present  editor,  John  C.  Graham,  and  has  con- 
tinued uninterruptedly  up  to  the  present  day,  A  portion  of 
the  time  it  was  under  the  control  of  James  Clove.  More  re- 
garding it  appears  elsewhere  in  these  pages. 

The  Telegram  i  Salt  Lake,  was  commenced  in  1902.  It 
is  an  evening  publication,  independent  and  secular.  D.  .Elliott 
Kelley  is  editor,  and  Wm.  Butler  manager.  It  is  a  six-column, 
lo-page  paper,  sometimes  larger. 

The  Reporter,  a  hotel  and  commercial  publication,  was 
commenced  November  21,  1890,  and  has  been  issued  unin- 
terruptedly up  to  the  present  time.  Editor  and  manager,  Jay 
T.  Harris. 

THE  LIST  COMPLETE. 

Following  is  a  complete  list,  with  descriptive  mention,  of 
the  papers  published  in  Utah,  alphabetically  arranged:* 

Advocate  {Eastern  Utah),  Price.  A  well-appearing 
weekly,  5-column  quarto,  issued  by  the  Price  Publishing 
Co.,  at  $1.50  a  year. 

American  Eagle,  Murray.  An  8-page  weekly,  18x24 
inches,  published  by  Martin  A.  Willumson.  It  is  independent 


*Where  the  county  or  other  division  of  the  State  is  part  of  the  name,  it 
follows  the  title  in  the  same  type  and  in  parenthesis;  where  the  locality  is 
not  geographical,,  as  "Dixie"  or  "Tintic,"  it  is  used  as  the  paper  uses  it. 
The  name  of  the  city  or  town  in  every  case  follows  the  other  in  Roman  tpye. 
Circulation  figures  are  published  as  given  by  the  editor  or  manager. 


162  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

in  politics  and  religion,  has  a  circulation  of  3000  and  is  $1.50 
a  year. 

Banner,  Lehi.  Established  May  29,  1891.  Weekly,  inde- 
pendent in  politics,  neutral  in  religion  and  enjoys  a  circulation 
of  800  at  $1.50  a  year.  George  Webb,  editor  and  manager. 

Beobachter,  Salt  Lake;  8-page  weekly  in  the  German 
language,  advocating  Mormonism.  Conducted  by  J.  H.  Ward, 
who  founded  it  in  1890.  The-only  paper  of  the  kind  in  this 
part  of  the  world.  It  has  a  good  circulation  and  is  $2  a  year. 

Bikuben,  Salt  Lake.  A  4-column,  8-page  weekly,  in  the 
Danish  language.  Andrew  Jenson  and  Charles  V.  Anderson, 
editors  and  managers.  Established  in  1875.  Circulation 
1700,  at  $1.50  a  year. 

Bulletin,  Bingham.  A  6-column  quarto,  weekly,  inde- 
pendent, devoted  to  mining  and  general  interests.  It  has  a  cir- 
culation of  450  and  is  $2.50  a  year.  J.  B.  Graham,  editor  and 
manager. 

Character  Builder,  Salt  Lake.  Prof.  J.  F.  Miller,  editor, 
W.  F.  Funk,  manager.  Its  policy  is  indicated  by  its  title,  and 
it  has  a  large  circulation. 

Chronicle,  West  Jordan.  Recently  commenced  publica- 
tion; is  a  6-column  quarto,  at  $2  a  year.  J.  A.  Borlase, 
editor. 

Clipper  (Davis  County),  Bountiful.  Published  on 
Fridays  by  John  Stahl,  Jr.  Is  a  6-column  folio,  is  not  ad- 
dicted to  religious  or  political  advocacy,  and  is  $1.25  a  year 
with  a  circulation  of  600. 

Clipper,  Kanab.  Established  in  December,  1898.  It  is 
published  every  Thursday  and  is  independent  in  policy.  W. 
T.  Dobson  is  editor.  Price  $1.50  a  year. 

Democrat  ( Utah  County},  Provo.  A  4-page  paper,  22x31, 
issued  semi-weekly  by  Wells  R.  McBride.  It  is  Democratic 
in  politics  but  independent  otherwise  and  devoted  to  the  gen- 
eral interests  of  Utah  county;  $2  a  year. 

Deseret  News,  Salt  Lake.  Evening  and  semi-weekly. 
First  number  issued  in  1850,  a  weekly  and  weakly  proposi- 


THE  PRESS. 


163 


tion  then,  but  a  metropolitan  affair  now,  with  a  large  circula- 
tion. Daily,  $9  a  year,  semi-weekly  $2.  C.  W.  Penrose, 
editor;  H.  G.  Whitney,  manager. 

Dixie  Advocate,  St.  George.  Established  Sep.  6,  1901. 
Published  weekly  at  $1.^0  a  year.  It  is  independent  with  an 
inclination  to  the  Mormon  side  of  any  controversy.  Circula- 
tion, 500  and  growing.  Chas.  S.  Williamson,  editor. 

Enquirer,  Provo/   Daily  and  semi-weekly.  Eight  pages, 

13x20.       Is  Republican  and  Mormon  and  has  a  circulation  of 

1050  daily,  and  2800  semi-weekly.     John  C.  Graham,  editor. 

Enterprise,  Ephraim.  A  4-column,  4-page  weekly,  issued 

on  Thursdays.      Local  and  independent,  $i  a  year. 

Express,  Vernal.  Established  January  i,  1901;  is  a 
6-column  folio  and  is  published  weekly  by  Dan  H.  Hillman. 
It  is  the  only  paper  in  Uintah  county,  has  a  circulation  of  700 
and  is  $1.50  a  year.  Independent. 

Free  Lance,  Marysvale.  This  is  one  of  the  most  spright- 
ly of  the  country  papers.  It  is  not  great  in  size,  but  what 

there  is  of  it  counts.  It 
is  published  weekly  and 
its  utterances  fully  bear 
out  its  name.  Josiah  F. 
Gibbs,  a  man  of  consider- 
able experience — who,  by 
the  bye,  has  the  honor  of 
having  been  born  in  the 
historic  city  of  Nauvoo, 
the  event  occurring  in 
1845 — is  editor  and  pro- 
prietor. In  addition  to 
his  journalistic  record  he 
is  a  thorough  geologist 
and  a  practical  mining 
man,  qualities  which  are 


j.  F;  GIBBS. 
and  of  benefit  to  the  paper. 


of  great  advantage  to  him 
He  is   one   of   the    most  indus- 


164  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

trious,  capable,  far-seeing  men  in  the  business  and  an  all- 
round  good  fellow,  meriting  the  success  he  is  receiving. 

Free  Press  (Sanpete),  Manti..  A  4-column,  8-page 
weekly,  successor  to  the  Democrat.  L.  A.  Lauber,  pub- 
lisher. $i  a  year. 

Gazette,  Gunnison.  A  weekly  paper,  six  pages  of  six 
columns  each.  Gledhill  &  Son,  publishers.  $2  a  year. 

Globe- Header,  Pay  son.  Same  general  description  as  the 
foregoing.  In  its  I4th  volume. 

Good-win's  Weekly,  Salt  Lake;  established  May  17,  1902. 
This  is  an  ably  conducted  publication,  as  would  naturally  be 
expected  of  one  having  the  veteran  C.  C.  Goodwin  as  editor, 
and  his  wide-awake  and  capable  son,  J.  T.,  or  "Tod"  as  he  is 
familiarly  called,  as  business  manager  and  general  assistant. 
Judge  Goodwin  had  a  wide  reputation  as  a  journalist  before 
coming  to  Utah  some  twenty  years  ago.  Here  he  found  a 
new  and  peculiar  field,  and  through  the  columns  of  the  Trib- 
une for  all  of  that  period  except  some  three  years  last  past, 
he  blazed  and  blistered,  praised  and  preached,  as  occasion  sug- 
gested, making  the  paper  admired  by  some,  condemned  by 
many  and  read  by  a  host,  but  under  all  circumstances  add- 
ing to  its  circulation  and  prestige,  as  well  as  his  own  repu- 
tation. The  Judge  can  tolerate  nothing  that  does  not  con- 
form to  his  standard  of  citizenship,  which  excludes  all  hypoth- 
eses and  conditions  but  those  of  unresisting  obedience  to  ex- 
isting laws,  and  all  defenses  presented  in  cases  of  violation 
thereof  are  meretricious  or  evasive,  as  he  manifestly  views  it. 
Still,  he  is  one  of  the  best-natured  of  men,  is  generous  in  his 
disposition  and  has  a  wide  circle  of  friends.  The  Weekly  is 
$2  a  year  and  is  independent  Republican  in  politics. 

Grand  Valley  Times,  Moab.  Established  in  1896.  Editor 
and  manager,  J.  N.  Corbin.  Published  weekly  at  $2  a  year. 
It  is  independent  and  is  the  only  paper  in  southwestern  Utah. 

Great  Campaign,  Salt  Lake.  Issued  during  political 
campaigns  as  often  as  occasion  requires  and  circumstances 
warrant.  Neat,  natty  and  nice,  saying  things  in  a  way  that 


THE  PRESS.  165 

no  other  paper  does  or  wants  to.  The  only  exclusively  politi- 
cal publication  in  the  State.  Price,  25  cents  per  series  and  as 
much  more  as  can  be  got.  It  originated  the  plan  of  present- 
ing portraits  and  sketches  of  candidates  for  office,  in  1895, 
and  made  a  good  thing  of  it,  the  business  for  some  ten  weeks 
amounting  to  fully  $3,000,  all  but  about  $200  of  which  was 
cashed  in.  Others  took  up  the  scheme  and  now  the  woods 
are  full  of  them,  making  the  grass  correspondingly  short. 
S.  A.  Kenner  is  editor,  proprietor,  manager,  director,  pub- 
lisher, supervisor,  architect  and  all  the  rest  of  it. 

Herald,  Salt  Lake  City.  Published  every  day  in  the 
year.  Price  $10  per  annum,  85  cents  a  month.  Circulation 
(for  December,  1902)  daily  8625,  Sunday  11,995.  Inde- 
pendent Democratic.  William  Iglehart,  editor  and  manager. 

Improvement  Era,  Salt  Lake.  Organ  of  the  Young 
Men's  Mutual  Improvement  Association.  A  monthly  maga- 
zine devoted  to  the  moral  advancement  of  the  people  gener- 
ally and  being  contributed  to  by  many  of  the  prominent 
writers  of  the  State.  It  wields  an  influence  for  good  which 
grows  with  its  own  growth  and  is  altogether  worthy  of  the 
great  support  it  is  receiving.  Joseph  F.  Smith  is  editor  with 
Edward  H.  Anderson  assistant;  Heber  J.  Grant,  business 
manager  and  Thomas  Hull  assistant.  It  is  $2  a  year  but 
goes  free  to  all  missionaries. 

Independent,  Springville.  A  weekly,  8-column  folio.  D. 
C.Johnson,  editor,  A.  Gus  Johnson,  manager.  Independent 
in  politics,  neutral  in  religion.  Established  in  1891.  Circu- 
lation 450,  price  $1.25  a  year. 

Industrial  Labor  Journal,  Salt  Lake.  A  4-column  quarto 
weekly  devoted  to  Socialism  and  labor  interests,  conducted 
by  Mangum  &  King.  It  was  begun  September  27,  1902, 
and  is  $i  a  year. 

Industrial  Utah,  Ogden.  Devoted  to  agriculture.  Pub- 
lished semi-monthly  by  B.  F.  Thomas  at  50  cents  a  year. 
Now  in  its  fourth  volume. 

Intermountain  Catholic,  Salt  Lake.  An  8-page,  7-column 


166  UTAH  AS  IT  IS.     , 

weekly.  Catholic  in  religion,  independent  otherwise.  It  has 
a  circulation  of  4200  at  $2  a  year.  It  was  established  in  1899. 
D.  S.  Kendall,  editor. 

Intermountain  Farmer,  Salt  Lake.  A  i6-page  weekly, 
established  in  1901.  J.  A.  Wright,  editor  and  manager. 
Circulation  3900;  $i  a  year. 

Intermountain  News,  Corinne.  Established  in  1898.  It 
is  a  7-column,  independent  weekly,  edited  by  A.  A.  Johnson, 
and  is  $1.50  a  year.  It  is  the  only  paper  published  under  the 
great  Bear  River  canal  system. 

Journal,  Logan.  Established  in  1880.  An  8-page,  tri- 
weekly paper,  Democratic  in  politics.  It  has  3.  circulation  of 
2850  and  is  $3  a  year.  A.  Gordon  is  editor,  C.  England, 
manager. 

Juvenile  Instrtictor,  Salt  Lake.  A  semi-monthly  maga- 
zine whose  policy  is  partly  but  not  wholly  indicated  by  its 
title.  It  was  founded  38  years  ago  by  the  late  President 
Geo.  Q.  Cannon  and  conducted  by  himself  and  sons  until 
December,  1900,  when  it  was  purchased  by  the  Sunday 
School  Union  of  the  Mormon  Church,  which  issued  the  first 
number  of  1901  and  has  been  in  control  ever  since.  As  above 
suggested,  it  does  not  address  itself  wholly  to  the  young,  but 
contains  valuable  matter  for  all  ages  and  conditions  in  life. 
Jos.  F.  Smith,  editor,  with  George  Reynolds  and  J.  M.  Tan- 
ner assistants;  George  D.  Pyper  is  business  manager.  Price 
$2  a  year. 

Korresfondenten  {Utah},  Salt  Lake.  Four  pages,  15  ^x 
22,  published  weekly  by  Otto  Rydman.  It  is  in  the  Swedish 
language,  is  Republican  in  politics  and  "independent  Mor- 
mon" otherwise.  It  enjoys  a  circulation  of  1465  and  is  $i  a 
year. 

Messenger,  Manti.  A  6-column,  8-page  weekly,  estab- 
lished ten  years  ago.  Republican  in  politics.  Christian  Axel- 
son  is  publisher  and  the  price  is  $i  a  year. 

Miner,  Mercur.  Established  in  1895.  Is  a  5-column 
quarto,  conducted  by  J.  T.  Jakeman,  who  also  issues  the 


THE  PRESS.  167 

Stockton  Sentinel,  both  weekly,  the  former  independent,  the 
latter  Republican.  The  rates  are  $2.50  a  year  in  each  case. 

Mirror,  Morgan.  A  6-column,  6-page  weekly,  now  in 
its  eighth  volume.  Orson  W.  Covington  is  publisher  and  it 
is  $i  a  year. 

Mutual  Improvement  Messenger,  Salt  Lake.  A  6x9 
monthly  publication,  established  in  1897.  D.  R.  Lyon  editor 
and  manager.  Being  circulated  gratuitously  it  naturally  has 
a  long  publication  list. 

Nation,  Logan.  An  8-page,  6-column  paper,  issued 
semi-weekly  by  E.  T.  Hyde.  It  is  independent  politically 
and  religiously,  has  a  circulation  of  1200  and  is  $2  a  year. 

News  (Box  Elder),  Brigham  City.  Established  in  1895. 
It  is  an  8-page  paper,  18x24,  and  is  issued  every  Thursday. 
Independent  in  policy  with  a  circulation  of  950,  at  $1.25  a 
year.  Hyrum  Standing  and  S.  C.  Wixom  are  proprietors, 
the  former  editor. 

Oracle,  Stateline.  A  5-column,  8-page  weekly  in  its 
first  volume.  Stevenson  and  Overholt,  proprietors;  Miles 
Overholt,  editor  and  manager;  $2  a  year. 

Plaindealer  (Utah),  Salt  Lake.  Conducted  by  W.  W. 
Taylor,  who  established  it  in  1895.  It  is  published  weekly 
at  $2  a  year  and  is  Republican  in  politics. 

Press,  Spanish  Fork.  Established  January,  1902.  A 
weekly  paper  without  political  or  religious  inclining,  at  $1.50 
a  year.  Andrew  Jensen,  editor. 

Progress,  Panguitch.  Established  in  1898,  weekly,  Re- 
publican and  Mormon,  and  $1.50  a  year.  E.  S.  Worthen, 
editor  and  manager. 

Pyramid,  Mt.  Pleasant.  A  semi-weekly,  6-column  quar- 
to, independent  in  policy.  Started  in  1889.  J.  M.  Boyden 
is  editor  and  the  price  is  $2  a  year. 

Reaper,  Richfield.  This  paper  was  established  in  1887 
as  the  Advocate.  It  is  30x34  in  size,  weekly,  independent 
and  has  a  circulation  of  1025.  A.  B.  Williams,  editor;  $1.50 
a  year. 


168 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Record  (Iron  County),  Cedar  City.  Established  December 
8,  1893.  A  6-column,  4-page  weekly,  independent  and  de- 
voted to  the  building  up  of  the  county.  Joseph  T.  Wilker- 
son,  Jr.,  editor.  It  circulates  about  500  copies  and  is  $i  a 
year. 

Record,  Mammoth.  Established  in  1896.  Is  Repub- 
lican in  politics,  a  6-column  quarto,  devoted  to  the  mining  and 
local  interests,  at  $2  a  year.  I.  E.  Diehl,  editor  and  manager. 
Record,  Nephi.  Established  June,  1897.  J.  T.  Pyles, 
editor  and  manager.  It  is  published  weekly,  is  a  5-column 
quarto,  has  780  circulation  and  is  $i  a  year. 

Record,  Park  City.  This  paper  is  a  weekly  of  excel- 
lent appearance  and 
showing  consider- 
able journalistic  abil- 
ity in  its  columns.  It 
has  the  honor  of  be- 
ing the  oldest  of  the 
mining  papers  of 
Utah,  having  been 
established  in  1880. 
Raddon  &  Raddon 
are  the  publishers 
and  proprietors.  It 
is  Republican  in  pol- 
itics and  devoted 

5.      T        R  ADDON  W«     A*     RADDON» 

chiefly  to  the  mining 

interests  of  the  Park  particularly  and  the  State  generally.      It 
is  $2  a  year. 

Report  (Box  Elder*),  Brigham  City.  Christenson  & 
Christenson,  editors  and  managers.  An  8-page,  7-column 
weekly,  issued  on  Saturdays  to  the  extent  of  over  1000.  It 
is  devoted  to  the  best  interests  of  the  country,  is  Republican 
in  politics  and  $1.25  a  year. 

Reporter,  Eureka.  Established  in  1891.  A  6-column, 
8-page  weekly  of  1000  circulation,  issued  on  Fridays  and 


THE  PRESS. 


169 


Republican   in   politics.       It  is  edited  and  managed  by  C.  E. 
Huish  at  $2.50  a  year. 

Republican,  Logan.  A  6-column,  8-page  paper,  neatly 
printed  and  well  conducted,  in  its  first  volume.  It  is  semi- 
weekly  and  $2  a  year,  by  Moore  &  Turner.  The  official 
Republican  organ  of  Cache  county. 

Sentinel,  Stockton.     (See  Mercur  Miner) . 
Standard,  Ogden.     Daily  and  weekly.     Its  general  poli- 
tical policy  is  independent  Republican.       William   Glasmann, 
editor  and  manager;  $9  a  year.  Also  the  weekly  Sun  is  pub- 
lished in  the  same  office. 

State  Journal,  Ogden.  Published  weekly  by  E.  A. 
Littlefield,  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  experienced  journalists 

in  the  State,  having  a  record  of  news- 
papers issued  under  his  hand  and 
seal,  in  various  parts  of  the  United 
States,  greater  than  any  other  man 
in  the  State,  or  perhaps  anywhere 
else  in  the  country.  He  was  always 
a  Republican  until  late  years,  when 
he  became  a  Silverite  and  latterly  a 
Democrat  of  independent  proclivi- 
ties, his  papers,  of  course,  taking 
their  hue  from  his  own  inclining. 
He  is  a  bold  and  vigorous  writer,  a 
deep  thinker  and  a  courageous,  pro- 
gressive citizen.  The  Journal  was 
commenced  August  31,  i8&6. 

Sun,  Ogden.     (See  foregoing.) 

Sun,  Salina.  Established  in  1901  by  Arthur  E.  Howard, 
a  journalist  of  experience  and  such  ability  that  some  people 
say  he  hides  his  light  under  a  bushel  or  whatever  other 
measure  is  handy.  He  (the  gender  is  proper  as  to  either  per- 
son or  paper)  appears  weekly  and  is  always  a  welcome  visi- 
tor. The  circulation  is  considerable,  if  not  more,  and  it  costs 
$2  a- year.  The  Sun  is  really  one  of  the  best  conducted 


E.  A.  LITTLEFIELD. 


170  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

country  papers  in  the  State,  always  well  printed  and  invari- 
ably containing  original,  interesting,  readable  matter  in  abun- 
dance. 

Times,  Coalville.  C.  R.  Jones,  editor  and  manager.  Be- 
gan February  16,  1884.  Is  devoted  to  agriculture  and  gener- 
al news,  and  is  issued  every  Friday,  at  $1.50  a  year.  Has  a 
good  circulation  in  Summit  county  and  neighboring  territory, 

Times,  Milford.  A  bright  and  enterprising  weekly,  the 
only  one  at  present  in  Beaver  county,  to  the  interests  of 
which,  especially  in  a  mining  way,  the  paper  is  devoted.  It  is 
a  6-column,  8-page  paper  with  a  circulation  of  600,  is  Repub- 
lican in  politics  and  $2  a  year.  C.  T.  Harte,  editor  and 
manager. 

Tintic  Miner,  Eureka.  Established  in  1889.  "Demo- 
cratic in  politics  and  religion,"  with  circulation  ';not  what  it 
should  be."  Weekly,  at  $2.50  a  year.  C.  F.  Spilman,  editor 
and  manager. 

Transcri-pt,  Tooele.  Issued  every  Friday  by  James 
Dunn.  It  is  six  pages  17x22,  was  established  in  1894,  is  non- 
partisan  and  $1.50  a  year. 

Tribune^  Salt  Lake.  Daily  and  Sunday.  Perry  S.  Heath, 
editor  and  manager.  It  has  from  10  to  36  pages  of  seven 
columns  each,  is  Republican  and  non-sectarian.  Its  circula- 
tion is — daily  6,874,  Sunday  14,000,  at  $i  a  month. 

Tri-City  Oracle,  Salt  Lake.  Established  September  i, 
1902.  Is  an  8-page  weekly,  Republican  in  politics  and  Bap- 
tist in  religion,  also  the  organ  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Employ- 
ment Bureau.  It  circulates  1000  and  is  $2  a  year.  Rev.  J. 
W.  Washington,  editor  and  manager. 

Truth,  Salt  Lake.  Established  September  14,  1901. 
John  R.  Hughes,  editor  and  manager.  It  is  a  i6-page  week- 
ly, independent  in  all  respects,  but  by  no  means  neutral  in 
any.  It  has  a  circulation  of  2,560  and  is  $2  a  year. 

Utah  Fasten  (The  Utah  Post),  Salt  Lake.  A  6-column, 
8-page  weekly  in  the  Swedish  language.  L.  Dahlquist,  mana- 
ger. Has  a  good  subscription  list  at  $1.50  a  year. 


THE  PRESS.  171 

Wave  (  Wasatch),  Heber  City.  Established  March  23, 
1889,  by  the  present  editor,  William  Buys.  It  is  published 
every  Friday,  is  independent  with  Democratic  leanings,  has  a 
circulation  of  900  and  is  $1.50  a  year.  It  is  a  good-sized, 
neatly  printed  paper,  the  only  one  in  that  county,  and  the 
editor  is  "onto  his  job." 

Woman's  Exponent,  Salt  Lake.  Established  in  1870.  Is 
an  8-page,  semi-monthly  publication  devoted  to  woman's  suf- 
frage, the  advancement  of  women  generally,  and  the  Mormon 
religion.  It  is  the  organ  of  the  Relief  Society  of  the  Church. 
It  is  edited  by  that  widely-known  and  thoroughly  capable 
woman  Mrs.  Emmeline  B.  Wells,  and  is  $i  a  year. 

Young  Woman'' s  Journal,  Salt  Lake .  A  monthly  maga- 
zine devoted  to  the  education  and  advancement  of  the  young 
women  and  upholding  the  faith  of  the  Mormon  Church.  It 
has  a  large  circulation,  placed  at  10,000,  and  is  $i  a  year. 
Annie  M.  Cannon  is  editor  and  Estelle  Neff,  manager. 

(The  Park  City  Miner  should  have  appeared  in  the  pro- 
per place  above,  but  information  regarding  it  was  not  received 
in  time.  It  is  a  weekly  and  is  ably  conducted  by  N.  B. 
Dresser.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the  Salt  Lake  Mining 
Review,  a  magazine  of  48  pages,  well  patronized  and  con- 
ducted by  W.  C.  Higgins  and  W.  H.  Korns). 

In  addition  to  the  forgoing  there  are  several  publications 
which,  not  having  general  circulation,  are  not  enumerated. 
Among  these  are  the  University  Chronicle  and  Blue  and 
Gold,  of  this  city;  White  and  Blue,  of  Provo;  the  Eagle, 
issued  by  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution  of  Ogden.  All  of 
these  are  conducted  with  signal  ability  and  are  read  with 
interest  in  their  respective  educational  circles.  Besides,  there 
are  occasional  trade  journals  which  are  not  named  at  all,  and 
entr'actes  for  circulation  in  the  theatres.  The  grand  total  is 
about  72. 


THE    DRAMA. 


BEGINNING,    PROGRESS    AND    PRESENT 
STATUS  OF  THEATRICALS. 

•  FOLLOWING  closely  upon  the  establishment  of  th 
JL  press  in  Utah,  if  not  indeed  slightly  ahead  of  it,  came  the 
stage.  The  community's  leader  was  in  this,  as  in  all  other 
things  tending  to  advance,  instruct  and  amuse  the  people,  one 
of  the  first  if  not  the  first  to  extend  encouragement  and  as- 
sistance. In  the  fall  and  winter  of  1849  anc^  I^5o  (the  date 
cannot  be  given  accurately)  a  company  of  amateurs,  in 
which  Mr.  H.  P.  Richards,  of  Salt  Lake  City,  figured  con- 
spicuously, was  organized;  there  were  in  the  company  Ensign 
Rich,  Edgar  Blodgett,  Robert  Campbell,  William  Hyde  and 
others.  And  here,  where  less  than  three  years  previously 
only  desolation  prevailed,  a  theatrical  representation  took 
place.  The  first  piece  was  the  "Triumph  of  Innocence,"  and 
while  the  title  would  not  be  a  taking  one  just  now,  it  was 
about  as  appropriate  as  any  that  could  have  been  selected 
then.  The  "temple"  of  the  drama  was  similar  to  what  we 
are  told  were  the  first  temples  of  the  Lord — the  groves;  at 
least,  it  was  a  bov.  ery,  which  was  used  also  for  religious 
services  and  situated  on  the  Temple  block,  near  where  the 
massive,  unique  Tabernacle  now  stands.  There  was  probably 
no  box  office,  no  foyer  with  mirrors,  no  ushers  in  uniform  or 
otherwise  and  probably  no  cushioned  seats.  The  orchestra 
is  represented  as  having  been  very  fair,  but  the  scenery  was 
probably  such  as  required  the  imagination  to  put  in  some  ex- 


THE  DRAMA. 


173 


tra  stunts  and  the  costumes  may  have  resembled  Joseph's  coat 
in  some  respects  if  not  in  all.  Probably  the  acting  was  not 
such  as  would  pass  muster  in  these  exacting  times,  but  I 
warrant  it  gave  quite  as  much  satisfaction  as  most  of  those 
we  are  confronted  with  now-a-days.  Another  company, 
somewhat  more  pretentious,  was  launched  soon  after  this, 
containing  as  a  leading  light  the  subsequently  local  celebrity 
Philip  Margetts.  "Robert  Macaire"  and  several  other  pieces 
were  presented,  the  drama  gained  a  firm  footing  and  a  place 

of  some  consequence  be- 
came a  necessity  which 
was  not  long  in  being 
brought  into  existence  un- 
der the  name  of  the  Social 
Hall.  It  still  stands,  but  of 
late  years  has  fallen  some- 
what from  its  pristine  es- 
tate, having  even  been,  on 
one  or  two  occasions,  the 
scene  of  political  conven- 
tions. It  is  now  used  for 
more  reputable  purposes. 
In  it  some  standard  pro- 
ductions were  rendered 
and  some  excellent  talent 
developed  under  vastly 
improved  conditions. 

Numerous  amateur  clubs  were  organized  at  different 
times,  the  most  pretentious  one  being  known  as  the  Mechan- 
ics' Dramatic  Association,  which  in  the  large  front  room  of 
the  residence  of  H.  E.  Bowring  gave  some  really  meritorious 
performances.  "No  pent-up  Utica"  controlled  their  powers;  the 
stage  inside  the  scenery  was  probably  not  more  than  ten  feet 
square,  but  here  were  rendered  such  prodigious  compositions 
as  "The  Honeymoon,"  "Othello,"  "The  Gamester,"  and  so 
on.  Here  Mr.  Margetts  was  the  reigning  star;  he  played 


PHILIP    MARGETS. 


174  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

everything  from  the  dusky  Moor  to  "Cousin  Joe,"  and  always 
gave  satisfaction.     He  was   ably  assisted  by    Mr.   Bowring, 
Mrs.  Bowring,    Henry    McEwan  (since  deceased)  and  wife, 
and   several    others.     President  Young    attended  these  per- 
formances quite   frequently  and  here,  it  is  said,  receiving  a 
more  forcible  impression  than  previously  of    what  an  amount 
of    dramatic    talent  existed  among  his  people,  he  decided  on 
building  the  Salt  Lake   Theatre.     To  decide  on  a  thing  was 
to  do  it,  and  on  July  i,  1861.  ground  was  broken  on^the   spot 
where  the  structure  now  stands.    It  was  opened  for  dedicatory 
purposes  on  March  6,  1862,  and  to  the  public   two  evenings 
later.     The  former  occasion  was  made  somewhat  memorable 
not  only  by  reason  of  the  programme  and  religious  observ- 
ances but  because  of  being  the  beginning  of  a  new  epoch  in 
the    history    of   the  great  West.     A   structure  for  dramatic 
representations  exclusively,  which  even  today  ranks  with  the 
finest  and    most  commodious    in  the    land,   at    a   time  when 
there  were  not  half  as  many  people  to  support  it  nor  a  tenth 
part  as  much  money  to  support  it  with,  and  nothing  at  all  ap- 
proaching it  between  the  Missouri  river  and  San  Francisco  ! 
Yet  it  returned  handsomely  on  the  investment  right  from  the 
start,  not  altogether  in  money  for  some  years,  but  in  that  and 
other    commodities,   all    combining    to  meet  expenses,  make 
improvements    and    provide    the   people    with    needed    and 
wholesome  recreation. 

A  company  composed  of  what  remained  of  the  Social 
Hall  organization  and  the  Mechanics'  club  was  formed  and 
for  the  opening  presented  the  three-act  comedy  "Pride  of 
the  Market,"  the  "curtain  raiser"  being  the  dedicatory 
ceremonies.  Opening  performances  and  dances  with  prayer 
being  customary  in  those  days  (we  have  fallen  from  grace 
since),  nothing  inappropriate  or  obtrusive  was  recognized  in 
such  procedure;  but  it  was  undoubtedly  the  first  time  in  all 
the  world  that  a  regular  play  house  was  dedicated  to  the 
Lord,  and  this  too  before  anything  else  was  permitted  to 
take  place  within  its  walls.  An  opening  hymn  was  rendered, 


THE  DRAMA.  175 

the  dedicatory  prayer  by  President  D.  H.  Wells  followed; 
then  President  Young  made  a  few  appropriate  remarks  and 
the  ceremonies  closed  with  an  anthem  composed  for  the  oc- 
casion by  Eliza  R.  Snow,  the  first  verse  being  as  follows: 

Oh,  God,  bless  Brigham  Young  ! 
Bless  him  and  all  that  bless  him  ! 
Waste  them  away,  oh,  God,  we  pray, 
Who,  rising  to  oppose  him, 
Contend  with  Thee ! 

Notwithstanding  the  absence  of  stage  technique  and 
the  somewhat  amateurish  manner  which  pervaded  the  char- 
acterizations as  a  whole,  there  was  some  excellent  work 
done  and  the  company  became  one  of  the  best  stock  organ- 
izations in  the  land.  In  the  years  following  and  before  the 
"stars"  brought  their  support  with  them,  it  was  frequently 
the  case  that  the  home  talent  outshone  the  other.  Here  the 
mother  of  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  the  present  day 
actresses — Maude  Adams — the  parent  herself  a  professional 
in  high  standing,  made  her  first  appearance  on  any  stage  and 
became  a  prime  favorite  at  once.  Here,  also,  James  M. 
Hardie  bounded  into  prominence  and  gave  great  promise  of 
becoming  the  Edwin  Forrest  of  later  days,  but  he  has  for 
.  some  years  been  lost  to  the  view.  David  McKenzie  invari- 
ably shared  the  honors  with  the  star,  the  larger  part  not  in- 
frequently falling  to  him;  he  retired  some  time  ago,  for  what 
reason  is  not  known.  Phil.  Margetts,  previously  presented, 
John  S.  Lindsay,  John  T.  Caine,  H.  B.  Clawson,  John  C. 
Graham  and  others  also  showed  such  marked  ability  as  made 
and  kept  them  at  the  fore,  but  of  all  these  only  the  first  two 
remain  in  the  harness.  The  first  made  his  mark  in  comedy 
roles  but  latterly  has  become  noted  for  his  excellent  portray- 
als of  serio-comic  old  men;  the  other  was  a  pronounced 
"heavy"  for  several  years  but  of  late  has  played  all  manner 
of  tragic  and  some  lighter  characters  with  signal  ability. 

For  a  long  time  the  itinerant   fraternity  were   unknown 
here.     This   was  because  of  the  long  and  tedious  journey 


176  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

which  a  trip  to  Utah  involved.  Along  in  the  early  sixties 
the  ice  was  broken  by  Thomas  A.  Lyne,  an  actor  of  the  old 
school  but  possessed  of  sterling  merit  in  the  portrayal  of 
legitimate  roles  of  the  heavier  type.  He  made  his  first  ap- 
pearance as  "Damon,"  supported  for  this  occasion  by  editor 
and  lawyer  James  Ferguson  as  "Pythias"  and  the  strength  of 
the  company.  It  was  a  brilliant  success  throughout  and  was 
followed  by  several  other  performances  with  Mr.  Lyne  in  the 
lead.  As  a  result  he  never  left  Utah,  but  settled  down  and 
passed  the  remainder  of  his  days  in  our  midst. 

About  the  middle  of  the  same  decade,  transportation 
having  become  somewhat  less  irksome,  there  drifted  into  the 
community  S.  M.  Irwin.  Mrs.  Irwin,  George  Purdy  and 
Harry  Rainforth,  a  son  of  the  lady  by  another  husband. 
Purdy  played  once  or  twice  in  farce,  then  moved  on  un- 
lamented,  his  style  being  a  bit  too  breezy  for  this  latitude.  The 
Irwins  opened  in  "The  Lady  of  Lyons,"  and  made  a  decided 
hit,  so  much  so  that  an  engagement  extending  through 
several  months  resulted.  He  had  a  Forrestian  appearance, 
although  a  much  smaller  man  than  that  eminent  tragedian, 
and  looked  and  played  everything  pretty  much  alike.  She 
was  versatile  but  not  great,  their  attractiveness  being  the 
result  of  the — to  us — newness  of  style  with  the  accompany- 
ing mannerisms  to  which  our  own  unhackneyed  actors  were 
till  then  strangers.  They  did  a  great  business,  but  a  return 
engagement  a  year  or  thereabouts  later  was  not  so  success- 
ful. One  cause  of  this  was  that  in  the  meantime  a  stellar 
attraction  of  recognized  brilliancy  throughout  the  land,  Julia 
Dean  Hayne,  had  come  and  seen  and  conquered.  Measured 
by  the  standard  of  the  present  school  she  might  not  have 
swept  us  off  our  feet  as  she  did,  but  we  hadn't  then  been 
inducted  into  that  school  and  took  her  for  what  she  was 
worth,  which  was  considerable.  Tall  and  stately,  with  a 
face  on  which  traces  of  sadness  had  dimmed  the  lines  of 
beauty  once  so  pronounced,  accomplished,  with  a  ward- 
robe which  then  amounted  to  a  series  of  delightful  surprises 


THE  DRAMA.  Ill 

and  with  unquestionable  talent  of  a  superior  kind,  she  cap- 
tured high  and  low,  rich  and  poor  alike.  Her  life  had  been 
at  once  a  delightful  romance  and  a  sorrowful  tragedy.  At 
an  early  age  and  near  the  zenith  of  her  fame  she  was  wooed 
and  won  by  the  son  of  one  of  the  most  illustrious  families, 
the  Haynes  of  South  Carolina;  his  father  as  United  States 
Senator  from  that  State  met  and  struggled  in  forensic  combat 
with  the  great  Daniel  Webster  in  the  days  when  the  Senate 
chamber  was  an  arena  in  which  only  intellectual  giants  en- 
tered the  lists.  How  has  the  mighty  fallen  !  Young  Hayne 
drifted  to  the  bad  and  finally  became  stranded  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. Finding  herself  dependent  upon  her  own  exertions 
and  with  two  children  to  support,  Julia  decided  to  make  a 
tour  of  the  interrnountain  region,  where  flush  times  prevailed 
and  the  legitimate  drama  was  comparatively  a  new  thing. 
This  brought  her  to  Salt  Lake  from  Montana,  in  the  company 
of  John  S.  Potter  and  with  George  B.  Waldron  as  leading 
man.*  The  former  was  a  very  good  "old  man"  and  Wald- 
ron did  some  but  not  all  things  excellently.  The  rest  of  the 
company  ranged  all  the  way  from  passably  fair  to  actually 
bad  and  but  for  the  star  of  the  troupe  would  doubtless  have 
come  and  gone,  if  at  all,  as  the  sorriest  lot  of  tie  contractors 
that  ever  stormed  a  barn.  They  remained  but  a  short  time, 
but  Mrs.  Hayne  and  Waldron  stayed  a  good  while.  Finally 
she  went  east  and  died  there  under  middle  age  and  in  reduced 
circumstances. 

The  next  event  was  an  eye-opener  to  those  who  fancied 
they  had  already  had  before  them  the  full  range  and  every 
phase  of  dramatic  production  and  characterization.  It  was 
the  unheralded  and  not  too  liberally  announced  appearance  of 


*  Mr.  Potter  was  sometimes  called  "Blackberry  Potter"  for  the  follow- 
ing reason:  In  Montana  one  day  a  member  of  his  company  asked  for  some 
money,  which  no  doubt — and  a  good  deal  more — was  due.  "What  do  you 
want  with  money?"  asked  the  manager.  "I  want  to  pay  my  board  for  one 
thing,"  replied  the  actor.  "Board  be  d—d  !"  rejoined  Potter;  "don't  you 
know  blackberries  are  ripe?" 


178  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

George  Pauncefort  with  Mrs.  Florence  Bell.  They  opened 
in  the  "Romance  of  a  Poor  Young  Man,''  and  those  who 
were  able  to  appreciate  high-class  portrayals  wholly  devoid 
of  meretricious  arts,  vulgarity  or  straining  for  effect  had  a 
feast  spread  before  them;  these  proved  to  be  the  majority. 
There  were  a  few  first-nighters,  as  there  have  been  ever 
since  and  probably  were  before,  who  could  see  nothing  great 
in  the  performance;  there  was  no  shouting,  no  struggling,  no 
ripping  up  of  the  benches,  no  clownishness,  no  anything 
which  appeals  merely  to  the  risibilities  and  startles  the  eye 
or  ear;  such  were  in  a  hopeless  minority  and  it  steadily 
dwindled.  Strange  to  say,  among  those  who  looked  upon 
the  performances  with  displeasure  and  would  not  enter  the 
Theatre  while  the  engagement  lasted  was  the  great  leader 
himself — President  Brigham  Young.  It  is  but  fair,  how- 
ever, to  say  that  the  opposition  arose  not  through  any  objec- 
tion to  the  acting  itself,  but  simply  to  the  fact  that  Paunce- 
fort came  here  with  a  woman  who  was  not  his  wife. 

Mr.  Pauncefort's  acting  in  such  pieces  as  the  one  spoken 
of  and  in  high  comedy  generally  was  among  the  best  ever 
seen  here  and  in  some  roles  superior  to  any.  He  showed  the 
training  and  instincts  of  the  cultivated  gentleman  in  whatever 
he  did;  always  graceful,  always  easy,  never  awkward  or  at  a 
loss,  portraying  eccentricity,  unction,  sang-froid,  little  dashes 
of  emotion,  and  always  maintaining  the  high  level  of  a 
thoroughbred,  he  was  sure  of  success  wherever  the  commu- 
nity was  educated  up  to  the  standard  of  appreciating  his 
work.  But  it  was  not  until  he  appeared  in  "Don  Caesar  de 
Bazan"  that  a  complete  and  unequivocal  capitulation  of  the 
community  was  effected.  It  is  questionable  if  any  before 
him,  and  absolutely  certain  that  none  after  him,  has  at  all 
approached  him  in  that  exacting  role,  where  the  graces  and 
dignity  of  the  trained  cavalier  are  always  apparent  even 
when  clad  in  rags,  mingling  with  the  rabble  and  ever  carry- 
ing his  life  and  fortunes  in  his  hand  with  as  much  abandon  as 
valor.  When  Edwin  Forrest — who  in  his  prime  was  no  doubt 


THE  DRAMA.  179 

the  greatest  tragedian  in  some  respects  that  ever  lived — was 
nearing  the  end  and  his  performances  of  parts  requiring 
great  robustness  and  vigor  were  as  painful  to  his  friends  as 
to  his  gouty,  wretched  self,  there  was  one  character  in  which 
his  defects  did  not  seem  to  weigh  against  him  so  much — 
"King  Lear."  It  was  with  this  in  his  earlier  years  that  he 
captured  the  British  after  having  measurably  failed  in  every- 
thing else.  On  one  occasion,  a  short  time  before  his  retire- 
ment, a  friend  remarked  to  him  after  seeing  "Lear" — "Mr. 
Forrest,  I  never  saw  you  act  'Lear' any  better  than  this  even- 
ing." "Act  it!"  replied  the  frowning  genius  in  tones  of  roll- 
ing thunder;  "act  it!  Why,  sir,  I  act 'Macbeth,'  'Richelieu' 
and 'Othello,' but  by-  — ,  sir,  I  am  'Lear'!"  So  we  might 
say  of  Pauncefort:  he  acted — royally  well,  too — "Manuel," 
"Lagardere,"  "Benedict"  and  so  on,  but  he  was  "Don 
Cagsar"  himself.  He  finally  drifted  to  Japan  and  has  doubt- 
less been  dead  for  some  time. 

The  advent  of  the  Pacific  railroad  brought  talent  of  all 
kinds,  qualities  and  conditions  into  our  midst.  Among  the 
eminent  ones  whose  feet  have  pressed  the  boards  of  Salt 
Lake  might  be  named  Salvini,  Edwin  Booth,  Lawrence 
Barrett,  John  McCullough,  Edwin  Adams,  C.  W.  Couldock, 
Frederick  Warde,  Louis  James,  Ristori,  Janauschek,  Lotta, 
Mrs.  Langtry,  etc.  The  list  is  quite  too  long  for  complete 
enumeration,  saying  nothing  of  the  grand  array  of  operatic 
stars  which  has  included  Parepa  Rosa  (the  first),  Clara 
Louise  Kellogg,  Annie  Louise  Carey,  Emma  Nevada,  Patti, 
Gerster,  Emma  Abbott  and  a  lot  more. 

On  April  i,  1880,  a  number  of  young  people  represent- 
ing prominent  families  got  together  and  organized  the  Home 
Dramatic  Club.  It  was  successful  from  the  beginning  and 
had  a  long  and  prosperous  career,  but  went  to  pieces  a  few 
years  ago.  H.  G.  Whitney  was  manager,  and  a  thoroughly 
capable  one  he  was.  Standard  society  pieces  and  the  higher 
grades  of  melo-drama  were  the  general  lines  of  presentation, 
but  not  exclusively  so.  The  first  leading  man  was  the  late 


180 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Laron  Cummings  and  the  club  never  had  one  equal  to  him  in 
the  heavier  roles,  although  possessed  of  abundance  of  talent 
of  a  high  order.  It  contained  the  present  Governor  of 
Utah,  Heber  M.  Wells;  J.  D.  Spencer,  merchant;  O.  Fr 


INTERIOR  OF  SALT  LAKE  THEATRE,  WITH  GEO.   D.   PYPER,  MGR. 

Whitney,  historian  and  poet;  B.  H.  Young;  Mrs.  Ardelle 
Cummings,  Mrs.  Birdie  Cummings,  Mrs.  B.  H,  Young,  and 
others  whose  names  are  not  now  recalled.  The  occupations 
given  above  are  put  in  to  show  the  utilitarian  characteristics 
of  the  youth  of  Zion,  in  which  respect  they  are  like  their 


THE  DRAMA.  181 

predecessors.  Governor  Wells — before  becoming  Governor, 
of  course — was  one  of  the  leading  lights  and  played  with 
great  ability  some  exacting  roles,  such  as  "Phipps"  in  the 
"Banker's  Daughter,"  "Grimaldi"  in  the  "Life  of  an 
Actress,"  and  "Christian  Christensen"  in  "Storm  Beaten;"  in 
the  immediately  preceding  era  John  T.  Caine,  who  was  sub- 
sequently Territorial  Delegate  to  Congress  five  terms  and 
who  has  held  numerous  other  official  stations,  was  one  of  the 
Social  Hall  company  and  stage  manager  of  the  Salt  Lake 
Theatre  and  "in  his  time  played  many  parts,"  a  thousand  of 
them,  no  doubt,  some  with  decided  ability.  The  same 
thing,  mutamur  mutandis,  might  be  said  of  all  who  are  herein 
mentioned  and  a  great  many  more.  « 

The  Salt  Lake  Theatre  is  controlled  by  a  joint  stock 
company  of  which  Joseph  F.  Smith  is  president,  HeberJ. 
Grant  vice-president,  Heber  M.  Wells  secretary,  Elias  A. 
Smith  treasurer;  the  directors  being  the  foregoing,  with 
John  Henry  Smith,  John  R.  Winder  and  Charles  S.  Burton. 
The  capital  stock  is  $100,000,  divided  into  1000  shares  of 
$100  each. 

The  Grand  Theatre,  of  Salt  Lake  City,  is  a  fine  struc- 
ture, smaller  than  the  older  one  but.  well  appointed  and  finished 
throughout.  It  is  a  popular  price  establishment  but  carries 
some  pretty  heavy  attractions  occasionally. 

Ogden  has  a  play  house  equal  in  most  respects  to  the 
leading  one  of  Salt  Lake,  and  Provo  has  one  of  similar  pro- 
portions to  the  Grand  of  the  latter;  the  Thatcher  Opera  House 
of  Logan  is  an  elegant  place,  but  do£s  not  occupy  all  the 
building.  Besides  all  these  every  small  city  and  large  town 
(as  well  as  some  that  are  not  so  large)  has  its  hall  for  pub- 
lic entertainment  wherein  dramatic  representations  are  given. 
Many  of  these  are  quite  pretentious  and  all  together  showing 
the  advanced  theatrical  taste  of  Utah's  people. 


POPULATION-POST  OFFICES 


COUNTIES,  COUNTY  SEATS  AND  INCOR- 
PORATED PLACES. 

THE  subjoined  lists  show  at  a  glance  not  only  the  popula- 
tion of  the  State  by  counties,  county  seats  and  incorpor- 
ated places,  but  gives  the  increase  for  ten  years  and  the  esti- 
mated increase  since  the  census  was  taken.  The  county 
seats  appear  with  the  letters  "c.  s."  and  the  name  of  the 
county  in  parenthesis,  those  which  are  unincorporated  being 
marked  *.  The  population  is  as  given  by  the  census  of  1900 
except  in  cases  of  estimated  increase  or  towns  which  have 
sprung  into  existence  since  the  census  was  taken;  in  the 
former  case  the  census  figures  appear  in  brackets  ahead  of 
the  others. 

POPULATION   BY   COUNTIES. 


Count?. 

1900. 

1890. 

County 

1900. 

1890. 

Beaver  

....[3,616]     4.500 

3.340 

Salt  Lake  

.[77,725] 

86,000 

58.457 

Box  Elder.... 

10,009 

7.642 

San  Juan  

1,023 

365 

Cache  

18,139 

15-509 

Sanpete  

16.313 

13,146 

Carbon  

5.004 

Sevier  

8,45  1 

6,199 

Davis  

7»996 

6,751 

Summit  

•  •[9.439J 

10,500 

7,733 

Emery  

•     4,657 

5,076 

Tooele  

-[7,361] 

8,000 

3-700 

Garfield  

3.400 

2,457 

Uintah  

6,458 

2.762 

Grand  

1,149 

54i 

Utah  

.[32,456] 

35,000 

23-768 

Iron  

/..  [3,546]     4,000 

2,683 

Wasa^ch  

4.736 

3-595 

Juab  

10,082 

5,582 

Washington... 

4,612 

4,009 

Kane  

i,8n 

1,685 

Wayne  



1,907 



MilJard  

5,678 

4,033 

Weber  

[25,239] 

28,000 

22,723 

Morgan  

2,045 

1,780 

*Piute  

—  •I  1.954]     3,i5o 

2,842 

State  [276,749]  293,675 

207905 

Rich  

i,946 

1,527 

*  The  census  shows  a  falling  off  from  the  report  of  1890,  but  this  has 
been  considerably  more  than  offset  by  the  new  town  of  Kimberly  and  the 
influx  to  Gold  Mountain  and  other  centers. 


POPULATION— POST  OFFICES. 


183 


POPULATION   BY  CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


1900.       1890. 


1900.        1890. 


Alpine  City  

520        466 

Monroe  town  I»°57        880 

*Ashlev  (c  s.Uintah)... 

1,632       

*Monticello  (c.  s-    San 

American  Fork  city 

2  7^2 

Juan)  180 

Bear  River  City  

362         

Morgan  city  (c.s  Mor- 

Beaver city(c  s.  Beaver) 

1,701          

gan)  600        333 

Bountiful  city  

1,442          

Moroni  city  1,224         958 

Brighamcity  (c  s.  Box 

Mount  Pleasant  city...     2,372      2,254 

Elder)  

2,859        2,139 

Nephi  city  (c.s.  Juab)     2,208      2,034 

Castle  Dale  town  (c.s. 

Newton  town  429       

Emery)  

559         303 

Ogden  city  (c.  s.  We- 

Cedar city  

i,425        967 

ber)  [16,313]    17,500    14,889 

Coalville    city     (c.    s. 

Panguitch  city    (c.  s. 

Summit)            . 

808      i  [66 

Garfield)  .            .  ..           883 

Corinne  citv  

323       

Park  city  3.769      2,850 

Elsinore  town 

62* 

Parowan  city  (c.s.  Iron)     1,039       

Ephraim  city  

2,086       

Pay  son  city  2,636      2,135 

Eureka  city  [3,085] 

3.500      1,733 

Pleasant  Grove  city  ...     2,460      1,926 

Fairview  city  

1,119         844 

Price  town  539        209 

Farmington  city  (c.  s. 

Provo  city  (c.s.  Utah).. 

Davis)  

968       

[6,185]     7,000     5,159 

Fillmore    city    (c.  s. 

^Randolph  (c.  s.  Rich)        821       

Millard) 

I  O17 

Redmond  town                   45^ 

Fountain  Green  town 

755        677 

Richfield    city      (c.  s. 

Glenwood  town  

422      

Sevier)  1,969       1,531 

Goshen   town 

6/ic         208 

Richmond  city.  .              1,111 

Giantsville  city  

i  058        ...... 

St.  George  city    (c.  s. 

Ounnison  citv 

820 

Washington)  1,600       .    .. 

Heber    city  "       (c.  s. 

Salem  town  ,.        894        527 

Wasatch)  

I.C7/1             I     C78 

Salina  town  847       

Huntington  town  

653      513 

Salt    Lake   City  (c  s. 

Hyrum  citv  

1,6^2          

Salt  Lake>.  .[53,  531]  61,000    44843 

^Junction    city  (c.     s. 

Sandy  city  1,030       

Piute)  •  

249     

Santaquin  town  889       

Kanab     town      (c.    s 

Scipio  town                          578 

Kane). 

7io          ^66 

Scofield  town                       642 

Kaysville  city  

1,708       548 

Smithfield  city  i,494      1,080 

Lehi  city  

2,719     

Spanish  Fork  city  2,735      2,214 

Loa    (c.s.  Wayne)  

443       

Spring  city  1,135      1.044 

Logan  city  (c.s  Cache) 

5,451      4.566 

Springville  city  3,422      2,849 

Manti      city      (c.     s. 

Tooele      city      (c.     s. 

San  pete) 

2  <1O8         I  Q^O 

Tooele)                           1,200 

Mendon  city 

AQA 

Vernal  towni              ..        644 

Mercur  city  

2,351      

Washington  city  519       

Midway  town 

7  IQ 

Wellsville  city            ..        908 

*Moab     (c.s.  Grand).. 

623           

Willard  city  580        492 

COMPLETE  LIST  OF  POST  OFFICES.      (CORRECTED  TO  MAY,    1903.) 

Abraham  Millard 

Annabella 

Sevier         Basin  Grand 

Adams  yille  Beaver 

Asays  

Garfield         Bear  River  City  

Alpine  Utah 

Aurora  

Sevier                              Box  Elder 

Alta  Salt  Lake 

Austin... 

„    -    ..Sevier         Beaver  Beaver 

American  Fork...,  Utah 

Avon  

Cache          Benson  Cache 

Aneth  San  Juan 

Axtell  

San  pete         Bingham  Canyon  

_ 

Salt  Lake 

184 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Blackrock Millard 

Elaine Davis 

Bloomington.Wasatch 

Blueacre Beaver 

Bluff San  Juan 

Boulder Gar  field 

Bountiful Davis 

Bridgeport Uintah 

Brigham Box  Elder 

Brighton SaltLake 

Brinton Salt  Lake 

Buenavista Uintah 

Burbank Millard 

Burrvil  le Se  vier 

Cache  Junction 

Cache 

Caineville Wayne 

(Calderpark  Sta.  Salt 
Lake  City.) 

Callao Juab 

Cannon Cache 

Cannonville. .  .Garfield 

Carlisle San  Juan 

Castledale Emery 

Castlegate Carbon 

Castle  Rock... Summit 

Castleton Grand 

Cedar   City Iron 

Cedar  Valley Utah 

Center Tooele 

Centerfield San  pete 

Centerville Davis 

Charleston ...  Wasatch 

Chester San  pete 

Circleville Piute 

Cisco Grand 

Clarkston.., Cache 

Clearcreek Car  bon 

Clearfield Davis 

Clearlake Millard 

Cleveland Emery 

Clinton Utah 

Clover Tooele 

Coalville Summit 

College Cache 

Collinston...Box  Elder 

Colton Utah 

Corinne  ....Box    Elder 

Cove Cache 

Coyote Garfield 

Crafton   Millard 

Croydon Morgan 

Curlew Box   Elder 

Deseret Millard 

Desertlake bmery 

Deweyville.Box  Elder 

Diamond Juab 

Dixie Washington 


Draper Salt  Lake 

Dry  fork.; Uintah 

Echo  City Summit 

Eden Weber 

Eldorado.... Salt  Lake 

Elgin Grand 

Elsinore Sevier 

Emery Emery 

Enoch Iron 

Enterprise.  Washinton 

Ephraim Sanpete 

Erda Tooele 

Escalante Garfield 

Eureka Juab 

Fairfield Utah 

Fairview Sanpete 

Farmington Davis 

Fayette Sanpete 

Perron Emery 

Fielding...  Box   Elder 

Fillmore Millard 

Fishsprings Juab 

(Fort    Dauglas,  Sta.... 

Salt  Lake  City) 

Fort  Duchesne. Uintah 

Fountain  Green 

Sanpete 

Freedom Sanpete 

Fremont Wayne 

Frisco Beaver 

Fruita Wayne 

Garden    City Rich 

Garland. ...Box    Elder 

Garrison Millard 

Geneva Box  Elder 

Giles Wayne 

Gisbor  n Tooele 

Glendale Kane 

Glenwood Sevier 

Golden Box  Elder 

Goshen Utah 

Grantsville Tooele 

Greenriver Emery 

Greenville Beaver 

Greenwich Piute 

Grouse  Creek 

Box  Elder 

Grover Wayne 

Gunlock    Washington 

Gunnison Sanpete 

Hanksville Wayne 

Harper Carbon 

Hatton Millard 

Heber. Wasatch 

Hebron ....  Washington 

Helper Carbon 

Henefer Summit 

Henrieville... .Garfield 


Hinkley Millard 

Kite Garfield 

Holden Millard 

Holliday Salt  Lake 

Honeyville.Box  Elder 

Hooper Weber 

Hoytsville Summit 

Huntington Emery 

Huntsville Weber 

Hy  depark Cache 

Hyrum Cache 

Ibapah Tooele 

Ibex Millard 

Indianola Sanpete 

In  verury Sevier 

Jensen Uinta 

Johnson Kane 

Joseph Sevier 

Joy Juab 

Juab Juab 

Junction Piute 

Kamas Summit 

Kanab Kane 

Kanarraville Iron 

Kanosh Millard 

Kaysville Davit 

Kelton Box  Elder 

Kimberly Piute 

King Cache 

Kingston Piute 

Koosharem Piute 

Lakepoint Tooele 

Laketown Rich 

Lasal San  Juan 

Lawrence Emery 

Layton Davis 

Leamington...  .Millard 

Lee Morgan 

Leeds Washington 

LehiCity Utah 

Leland Uintah 

Levan Juab 

Lewiston Cache 

Liberty Weber 

Lincoln Tooele 

Loa .Wayne 

Logan Cache 

Lyman Wayne 

Mammoth Juab 

Manila Uintah 

Manti Sanpete 

Marion Summit 

Marysvale Piute 

Mayfield Sanpete 

Meadow Millard 

Mendon Cache 

Mercur Tooele 

Midway Wasatch 


POPULATION— POST  OFFICES. 


185 


Milburn Sanpete 

Milford Beaver 

Milton Tooele 

Millville Cache 

Minersville Beaver 

Moab Grand 

Modena Iron 

Molen Emery 

Mona Juab 

Monroe Sevier 

Monticello...San  Juan 

Morgan Morgan 

Moroni Sanpete 

Mount  Carmel...Kane 

Mount   Nebo Utah 

Mount  Pleasant 

Sanpete 

Murray Salt  Lake 

Naples Uintah 

Nephi Juab 

New    Harmony 

Washington 

Newton Cache 

North  Ogden... Weber 

Notom Wayne 

Oak  City Mil  lard 

Oakley Summit 

Oasis Millard 

Ogden Weber 

Ophir Tooele 

Orangeville  .  ...Emery 

Orderville Kane 

Orton Garfield 

Ouray Uintah 

Pahreah Kane 

Panguitch Garfield 

Paradise Cache 

Paragonah Iron 

Park  City Summit 

Park  Valley  Box  Elder 

Parowan Iron 

Payson Utah 

Penrose Box  Elder 

Peoa Summit 

Perry Box  Elder 

Peterson Morgan 

Pine  Valley 

Washington 

Pinto Washington 

Plain   City Weber 

Plateau Sevier 

Pleasant  Grove... Utah 
Ply  mouth...  Box  Elder 

Point   Lookout 

Box  Elder 

Portage Box  Elder 

Porterville Morgan 

Price Carbon 

12. 


Promontory  Box  Elder 

Providence Cache 

Provo  City Utah 

Ranch Kane 

Randolph Rich 

Ransom Cache 

Redmond Sevier 

Richardson Grand 

Richfield Sevier 

Richmond Cache 

Riter Salt  Lake 

Riverdale Weber 

Riverside... Box  Elder 

Riverton Salt  Lake 

Robinson Juab 

R  ockport Summit 

Rockville  Washington 

Rosette Box  Elder 

Roy Weber 

St.    George 

Washington 

St.   John Tooele 

Salem Utah 

Salina Sevier 

Salt  Lake  City 

Salt  Lake 
Stations. 
Calder  Park. 
Fort  Douglas. 
Murray. 
Sugar  House. 
No.  i,  6  Main  St. 
No.  2,ist  andN.  Sts. 
No  3,  7th  South  and 
7th   East    Streets. 
No.   4,     in    S.   5th 

West  Street. 
No.   5,     242   W.    S. 

Temple  Street. 
No.  6,  8th  St.  S.  and 

8th  St.   W. 
No.  7.537  N.  istSt. 

W. 
No.  8,  256  S.  9th  K. 

Street. 

No.  9,  E.  4th  St.,  S. 
No.  10,  380  W.  3rd 

N.  Street. 
No.    n,   669   S.    W. 

Temple  Street. 
No.  12,  176  Mead  St. 
No.  13,  1401  Indiana 
Avenue 

Sandy Salt  Lake 

Santa  Clara 

Washington 

Santaquin Utah 

Scipio Millard 


Scofield Carbon 

Sevier Sevier 

Sigurd Sevier 

Silver   City Juab 

Silverlake...Salt  Lake 

Smithfield Cache 

Smithville Millard 

Smyths Millard 

Snowville..  Box  Elder 

Spanish  Fork Utah 

Spring  City...  San  pete 
Springdale 

Washington 

Springville Utah 

Stateliue Iron 

(Station  "A"  (5  Points) 
Weber 

Sterling... Sanpete 

Stockton..' Tooele 

(Sugarhcuse  Sta.  Salt 
Lake  City.) 

Summit Iron 

Sunny  side Carbon 

Sunshine Tooele 

Syracuse Davis 

Teasdale Wayne 

Terrace Box  Elder 

Thatcher... Box    Elder 

Thistle Utah 

Thompsons Grand 

Thurber Wayne 

Tooele Tooele 

Toquerville 

Washington 

Torrey Wayne 

Trenton Cache 

Tropic Garfield 

Trout    Creek Juab 

Tucker Utah 

Uinta Weber 

Upton Summit 

Utah  Hot  Springs 

Box  Elder 

Venice Sevier 

Verdure San    Juan 

Vermilion Sevier 

Vernal Uintah 

Vernon Tooele 

View Weber 

Vipont Box    Elder 

Virgin Washington 

Wales Sanpete 

Wallsburg Wasatch 

Wanship Summit 

Washakie  ..Box  Elder 
Washington 

Washington 
Wellington Carbon 


186 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Wellsville Cache 

West    Jordan 

Salt  Lake 

West  Portage 

Box  Elder 
West  water ...Grand 


Wheeler. ..Washington 

Whiterocks Uinta 

Willard Box  Elder 

Winter  Quarters 

Carbon 


Woodland Summit 

Woodruff Rich 

Woods  Cross Davis 

Woodside Emery 

Yost Box  Elder 


AS  THB  MAILS   WERE  FORMERLY  CARRIED. 

(The  cut  represents  an  overland  stage  in  front  of  the  Salt  Lake  Postoffice.) 


THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES, 


THEIR    BEGINNING,   PROGRESS    AND   PRESENT 

STATUS.* 

THE  loyal  citizen  of  Utah  may  not  point  with  pride  to  the 
State's  urban  districts,  but  he  is  apt  to  experience  a 
pleasurable  feeling  when  he  turns  his  mind  that  way.  The 
metropolis  is  the  largest  city  within  a  belt  about  1,000  miles 
wide  east  and  west,  and  extending  north  and  south  to  the 
poles  of  the  earth,  and  in  the  same  region  there  are  not  more 
than  two  ahead  of  our  second  city;  while  some  of  the  larger 
places  otherwise  are  equal  if  not  superior  to  the  metropolis  of 
most  of  the  neighboring  commonwealths.  But  it  is  not  alto- 
gether in  the  matter  of  population  that  prominence  is  main- 
tained; the  percentage  of  possessions  per  capita  is  as  high 
and  of  illiteracy  as  low  as  anywhere  else  in  the  United  States 
with  three  or  four  possible  exceptions.  And  when  the  humble 
beginning,  the  meagre  chances  for  success,  the  drastic  expe- 
riences of  the  founders,  the  remoteness  from  aid  of  all  kinds 
which  humanity  could  provide  and  the  all-pervading  and  de- 
pressing solitude  which  hedged  them  in  are  taken  into  the 
account,  the  well-nigh  marvelous  character  of  the  consumma- 
tions may  be  faintly  realized  by  those  who  did  not  participate 
in  the  foundation-laying. 


*  While  all  places  in  Utah  are  mentioned  in  these  pages,  only  those 
having  a  population  above  5,000  are  included  in  this  department,  for  obvious 
reasons. 


188  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

The  first  house  ever  erected  in  all  the  great  wilderness 
ribbed  by  the  Wasatch  Mountains  is  previously  presented  in 
these  pages.  It  was  the  commencement  of  what  for  many 
years  was  the  only  city  on  the  long,  wearisome  drive  between 
the  Eastern  and  Western  frontiers,  and  today  enjoys  the 
unique  distinction  of  being  the  oldest  city  in  the  youngest 
State.  Its  growth  was  slow  but  steady;  what  it  gained  it 
kept  and  added  to.  The  two  pictures  presented  represent 
it  a  short  time  after  the  beginning  of  its  existence  and 
as  it  is  now.  These  comprise  a  story  none  the  less  eloquent 
because  not  told  in  words.  Without  further  ado  the  reader 
is  presented  with  the  first  division  proper  of  the  general  theme 
of  this  chapter — the  rise,  growth  and  characteristics  of  the 
inter-mountain  metropolis  and  capital  of  Utah. 


SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

IT  HAS  already  been  shown  that  the  founding  of  the 
Queen  City  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  took  place,  as  a  matter 
of  fact  and  of  record,  on  July  24,  1847.  There  were  no  im- 
posing proceedings,  and  even  the  simple  ones  partook  more 


SAI/T  I,AE:E  CITY  IN  1850. 

of  a  business  than  a  ceremonial  character.  Perhaps  the  only 
thing  that  might  come  within  the  latter  term  was  the  action 
of  the  leader  of  the  "tattered  remnant,"  who  had  got  out  of 


THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  189 

his  conveyance  and  was  taking  a  casual  and  visual  survey  of 
the  landscape;  having  satisfied  himself  as  to  the  situation  he 
thrust  his  cane  into  the  soil  and  said — "This  is  the  place; 
here  will  we  build  the  Temple  of  our  God!"  And  here  it  is, 
a  $5,000,000  structure,  the  work  of  a  thousand  men  covering 
a  period  of  a  generation's  span,  the  proudest  figure  in  a  pic- 
ture of  grandeur,  stateliness  and  beauty  equal  to  a  dream  of 
empire  which  surpasses  in  wealth  all  the  gleaming  treasures 
of  the  Ind. 

The  plat  for  the  city  survey  was  begun  on  August  2,  by 


SAI/T  LAKE  CITY  IN   1903 — A  SECTIONAL  VIEW  BOOKING  SOUTHWEST. 

Orson  Pratt  and  H.  G.  Sherwood,  and  soon  after  logs  were 
gathered  for  a  fort,  which  was  constructed  as  soon  as  possible. 
This  was  a  prime  necessity,  not  only  for  comfort  but  safety, 
for,  though  the  Indians  as  a  rule  had  kept  their  traditional 
deviltry  within  reasonable  restraint  so  far,  this  was  by  no 
means  to  be  taken  as  a  criterion  and  they  were  much  less 
objectionable  as  neighbors  when  securely  fenced  out.  In 
January,  1851,  the  Legislature  of  the  "State  of  Deseret"  char- 
tered the  city,  lalong  with  four  other  places  which  had  been 
founded  in  the  meantime,  these  being  Ogden,  Provo,  Manti 


190 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

SOME    OF    SALT    LAKE'S    MAYORS. 


J,  M.  GRANT,  THE  FIRST  MAYOR.  A.  O.  SMOOT,  THE  SECOND  MAYOR, 


D.  H.  WBLLS,  THE  THIRD  MAYOR.  EZRA  THOMPSON,  PRESENT  MAYOR, 


THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  191 

and  Parowan.  "Great  Salt  Lake  City"  incorporated  imme- 
diately and  set  its  municipal  machinery  in  motion,  the  others 
following  suit  more  leisurely,  perhaps  because  there  were  not 
in  every  case,  enough  men  to  fill  the  offices.  There  was  no 
shortage  in  Salt  Lake,  however,  the  first  officials  being — 
Mayor,  Jedediah  M.  Grant;  aldermen,  N.  H.  Felt,  William 
Snow,  J.  P.  Harmon,  N.  V.  Jones;  councilors,  Vincent 
Shurtliff,  B.  L.  Clapp,  Zera  Pulsipher,  W.  G.  Perkins, 
Lewis  Robinson,  Harrison  Burgess,  Jeter  Clinton,  J.  L. 
Dunyon,  S.  W.  Richards.  The  aldermen  represented  mu- 
nicipal wards  and  the  councilors  other  divisions.  These  were 
all  appointed  by  the  Legislature  for  the  first  term,  but  for  the 
second  one  they  "ran"  for  it,  the  ticket  containing  the  same 
names  with  one  or  two  exceptions  and  it  was  overwhelmingly 
victorious,  there  being  no  other  in  the  field. 

The  list  of  mayors  of  Salt  Lake  City  with  terms  of  ser- 
vice, is  as  follows: 

Jedediah  M.  Grant,  from  January,  1851,  to  November,  1856. 

Abraham  O.  Smoot,  from  November,  1856,  to  February,  1866. 

Daniel  H.  Wells,  from  1866  to  1876. 

Feramorz  Little,  from  1876  to  1382. 

William  Jennings,  from  1882  to  1884. 

James  Sharp,  from  1884  to  1886. 

Francis  Armstrong,  from  1886  to  1890. 

George  M.  Scott,  from  1890  to  1892. 

Robert  N.  Baskin,  from  1892  to  1896. 

James  Glendinning,  from  February,  1896,  to  January  i,  1898.* 

John  Clark,  from  1898  to  1900. 

Ezra  Thompson,  from  1900  to  1904. 

It  is  not  likely  that  the  first  mayor  was  overburdened 
with  his  official  duties,  or  had  much  difficulty  in  getting  along 
with  the  co-ordinate  branch  of  the  municipal  government — 
the  City  Council.  How  different  regarding  the  last  one! 
Mayor  Thompson  has  not  only  been  a  very  busy  man  right 
along,  but  has  been  locking  horns  with  the  law-makers  con- 


*  The  Legislature  of  1897  changed  the  time  of  municipal  elections  from 
February  in  the  even  numbered  years  to  November  in  the  odd  numbered 
ones. 


192  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

tinually.  He  is,  in  fact,  facetiously  styled  the  "War  Mayor." 
in  the  midst  of  the  turmoil,  however,  he  has  been  instrumental 
in  having  some  great  improvements  made,  these  being  too 
numerous  to  mention  but  plainly  apparent  whichever  way  one 
may  turn.  He  is  also  one  of  the  heaviest  tax-payers  in  the 
city  and  is  always  to  the  fore  on  any  proposition  looking  to 
progress  and  enterprise.  Of  the  others,  much  might  be  said 
were  it  necessary.  They  had  different  times  and  greatly  dif- 
ferent conditions  to  deal  with  and  made  all  that  could  be 
made  of  the  situation  as  it  stood.  Up  to  the  advent  of  Lib- 
eral ascendency,  while  it  can  be  said  that  there  were  not  so 
many  improvements  nor  conveniences  as  since,  it  must  also 
be  admitted  that  tax  rates 
were  very  much  lower 
and  the  municipality  was 
absolutely  free  from  debt. 
It  now  owes  about  $2.800.- 
ooo  and  the  burden  in- 
creases rather  than  dimin- 
ishes, but  to  be  strictly 
fair  again,  it  must  be  con- 
ceded that  there  is  some- 

EAGI,E  GATE. 

thing  to  show  for  it.     Pro- 
gressive government  comes  high,  but  we  must  have  it  occa- 
sionally. 

Before  the  war  the  only  public  buildings  (except  the  old 
Tabernacle  and  ward  halls)  in  Salt  Lake  City  were  the 
Council  House,  which  stood  on  the  ground  where  the  new 
Deseret  Neivs  building  now  stands,  a  square  structure  used  for 
a  county  court  house  and  jail,  and  a  little  dinky  place  of  two 
stories,  the  lower  for  city  offices  and  the  upper  a  court  where 
the  once  noted  Jeter  Clinton  dispensed  law  and  such  to 
offenders  against  the  ordinances;  and  finally  the  Social  Hall. 
Look. at  us  now! 

One  of  the  early  institutions  of  Salt  Lake  which  has  been 
the  means  of  imperiling  many  souls  through  the  unrestricted 


THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


193 


use  of  profanity  is  the  estray  pound,  and  we  still  have  it  with 
us  with  the  sting  of  cussedness  as  sharp  and  alert  for  business 
as  in  the  halcyon  days  of  the  town.  It  is,  as  it  has  ever  been,, 
a  congregating  point  for  cows  that  have  the  advantage  of 
being  city  bred,  for  horses  that  want  a  rest  even  at  the 
price  of  semi-starvation,  and  for  all  manner  and  grade  of 
things  that  walk  on  four  legs,  excepts  pigs.  A  great  many 
people  who  have  lifted  up  their  voices  in  words  not  ot  prayer 
have  often  wished  that  some  one  would  turn  in  a  pig  to  the 
poundkeeper  so  they  might  have  some  measure  of  revenge 
on  him.  The  accompanying 
cut  is  from  a  shapshot,  and 
gives  a  pretty  fair  idea  of 
how  that  justly  celebrated 
department  of  the  municipal- 
ity looks  on  ordinary  occa- 
sions. 

Like  the  great  lake  it- 
self, Salt  Lake  City  is  chiefly 
sustained  by  numerous  feed- 
ers. Scarcely  a  profit-earn- 
ing mine  in  the  State  but 
what  pays  tribute  in  some 
way  to  the  great  receiving 
and  disbursing  point ;  this 
relates  not  only  to  ores  and 

bullion,  but  to  pretty  much  everything  else  that  is  raised 
in  the  State  and  systematically  sold  at  a  distance.  The  most 
of  everything  finds  its  way  here  before  it  goes  elsewhere,  and 
by  some  means  or  other  some  share  of  the  values  adheres  to 
the  hands  it  passes  through,  not  illegitimately  of  course,  but 
in  the  regular  way  of  business.  There  is  always  some 
greater  attraction  in  the  metropolis  than  can  be  found  else- 
where, and  this  has  its  effect.  It  is  the  only  place  in  the  State 
that  can  accommodate,  without  being  crowded,  a  great  con- 
vention at  which  a  thousand  or  more  people  are  in  attendance,. 


ESTRAY    POUND. 


194  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

though  Ogden  and  Provo  have  both  had  such  gatherings  and 
handled  them  quite  satisfactorily.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  Salt 
Lake  frequently  has  as  many  as  10,000  extra  people  on  its 
hands  and  has  had  as  high  as  double  that,  the  former  being 
nearly  always  the  case  at  the  semi-annual  conferences  of  the 
Mormon  Church,  the  latter  when  there  is  something  unusual 
on  the  tapis,  like  the  dedication  of  the  great  Temple,  the 
Jubilee  celebration  and  so  on.  The  hotel  system  of  Zion  is 
fully  equal  to  that  of  any  city  of  similar  proportions  in  the 
world,  while  vastly  superior  to  many,  this  of  itself  being  no  small 
attraction;  and  in  summer  time  it  is  the  debouching  center  for 
pleasure  and  health  seekers  to  the  shores  of  the  lake,  the 
mountain  resorts  and  elsewhere.  Its  streets  are  really  fine  as 
well  as  capacious  and  well  kept,  the  entire  central  portion 
of  the  city  being  firmly  and  evenly  paved,  and  all  parts  are 
thoroughly  gridironed  with  an  electric  car  system  which  is  as 
satisfactory  as  any  in  the  country.  None  of  them  is  perfectly 
satisfactory,  because  not  picking  people  up  just  at  the  minute 
they  want  to  go  anywhere  and  landing  them  at  their  destina- 
tion in  the  twinkling  of  a  drugstore  eye  in  a  temperance  town. 
The  telephone  is  also  greatly  in  evidence  everywhere  and,  in 
fact,  all  the  modern  advantages  and  conveniences,  right  up  to 
•date  and  at  the  most  reasonable  rates,  are  on  hand  and  con- 
tributing their  part  toward  maintaining  and  increasing  the 
"pull"  which  the  metropolis  enjoys. 

The  great  City  and  County  Building — one  of  the  finest 
and  most  spacious  to  be  found  anywhere — is  the  headquarters 
of  officialdom,  State,  county  and  city.  The  northern  half  is 
known  as  the  City  Hall,  the  other  part  as  the  County  Court 
House.  The  grounds  surrounding  it  are  very  beautiful  and 
constitute  a  commodious  and  pleasurable  park. 

The  city's  assessed  valuation  of  property  for  1902  was 
$33,691,998;  at  this  writing  the  assessment  for  1903  is  not 
made,  but  estimates  show  that  it  will  go  beyond  $35,000,000. 
The  tax  rate  is  $3.19  on  the  $100. 

The  public  school   system  is  as  nearly  perfect  as  such  a 


THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


195 


system  can  be  made.  Superintendents,  teachers,  buildings, 
equipments  and  grounds  are  about  all  that  could  be  asked. 

Waterworks  and  water  supply  have  not  been  altogether 
satisfactory,  but  difficulties  are  steadily  disappearing  and  im- 
proved conditions  taking  their  place. 

The  police  system  is  economical  and  efficient.  No  more 
men  are  employed  than  are  actually  necessary  to  safeguard 
the  general  interest,  but  each  is  a  steady,  courageous,  reliable 
man.  For  special  occasions  the  force  can  be  and  always  is 


"l,INGERL,ONGER,"  RESIDENCE  OF  JUDGE  O.   W.   POWERS. 

augmented  sufficiently  to  be  equal  to  any  probable  emergency. 
The  city  officials  for  1903  are — Mayor,  Ezra  Thompson; 
Members  of  Council,  J.  J.  Thomas,  F.  J.  Hewlett,  Charles 
Cottrell,  Jr.,  F.  S.  Fernstrom,  W.  J.  Tuddenham,  T.  R.  Black, 
Arthur  J.  Davis,  Arthur  Robinson,  W.  E.  Vigus,  E.  J.  Eard- 
ley,  Henry  Arnold,  E.  H.  Davis,  John  N.  Sharp,  Jr.,  W.  C. 
-Spence,  J.  S.  Daveler;  Recorder,  J.  O.  Nystrom;  Treasurer, 


THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  197 

Richard  P.  Morris;  City  Justices,  Christopher  B.  Diehl,  H. 
S.  Tanner;  Chief  of  Police,  Samuel  Paul;  Auditor,.  Albert  S. 
Reiser;  Attorney,  George  L.  Nye;  Engineer,  Louis  C.  Kel- 
sey;  Superintendent  of  Streets  and  Irrigation,  Peter  S.  Condie; 
Superintendent  of  Waterworks,  Frank  L.  Hines;  Land  and 
Water  Commissioner,  I.  M.  Fisher;  Superintendent  of  Parks, 
C.  B.  Erickson;  Chief  of  Fire  Department,  James  Devine; 
Building  Inspector,  F.  M.  Uimer;  Oil  Inspector  and  Sealer 
of  Weights  and  Measures,  W.  P.  Nebeker;  Dog  Tax  Collec- 
tor, Walter  F.  Griffiths. 

The  county  officials  are  as  follows — Commissioners,  W. 
W.  Wilson,  James  H.  Anderson,  N.  H.  Standish;  Clerk,  John 
James;  Sheriff,  C.  Frank  Emery;  Recorder,  Walter  J.  Meeks; 
Treasurer,  W.  O.  Carbis;  Auditor,  I.  M.  Fisher;  Attorney, 
George  Westervelt;  Surveyor,  Joseph  Swenson;  Assessor, 
Ben  R.  Eldredge;  Superintendent  of  Schools,  B.  W.  Ashton. 

THE    GREAT    LAKE. 

While  Great  Salt  Lake  is  not  within  the  municipal 
boundaries  of  the  city,  it  is  so  near  by  and  so  numerously 
•connected  by  lines  of  rail  that  it  may  be  considered  as  one  of 
the  features  of  the  metropolis.  A  twenty  minutes  ride  takes 
one  to  the  nearest  point — Saltair;  thirty  minutes  to  Garfield, 
and  from  there  on  to  the  western  side  of  the  mountain  range 
the  road  skirts  the  beach  all  along;  while  both  roads  to  the 
north  are  in  close  view  of  the  lake  for  nearly  the  whole  dis- 
tance to  Ogden  and  the  Rio  Grande  touches  it  in  several 
places.  This  remarkable  body  of  water  is  a  source  of  greater 
wealth  than  the  average  individual  knows  of  and  of  greater 
possibilities  in  that  direction  than  anybody  has  yet  found  out 
— all  this  in  addition  to  its  highly  profitable  features  as  a 
sanitarium  and  pleasure  resort.  That  noted  farceur,  the  late 
Col.  Pat  Donan,  in  writing  up  the  lake  gave  wings  to  his 
fancy  and  yet  did  not  overstate  the  case  very  much  if  at  all; 
as  the  matter  fits  in  here  quite  well,  a  portion  of  his  article  is 
reproduced : 


198  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

Say  Salt  Lake  is  a  hundred  miles  long,  and  has  an  average  width  of  27 
miles;  that  gives  an  area  of  2,700  square  miles.  There  are  27,878,400  square 
feet  in  a  mile;  so  the  lake  has  an  area  of  75,271,680,000  square  feet.  Take 
20  feet  as  its  average  depth;  then  20  times  75,271,680,000  will  give  us  1,505,- 
433,600,000  cubic  feet  as  the  contents  of  the  lake.  Now  16^3  per  cent,  or 
one-sixth  of  this,  according  to  the  analysis  of  eminent  chemists,  is  salt  and 
sulphate  of  soda. 

That  is,  the  lake  contains  250,905,600,000  cubic  feet  of  salt  and  sulphate 
of  soda.  Of  this  vast  mass  one- eighth  is  sulphate  of  soda  and  seven-eighths 
common  salt.  So  there  are  of  Na  2  S.  O.  4,  or  sulphate  of  soda,  31,363,200,- 
ooo  cubic  feet;  and  of  Na  Cl.,  or  common  salt,  219,542,400,000  cubic  feet. 
These  figures  seem  astounding,  but  they  are  hardly  a  beginning.  Proceed 
a  little  farther.  A  cubic  foot  of  sulphate  of  soda  weighs  50  pounds,  and  a 
cubic  foot  of  common  salt,  80  pounds;  so  we  have,  as  the  contents,  in  part, 
of  this  unparalleled  reservoir  of  wealth,  1,568,160,000,000  pounds,  or  784,- 
o8o;ooo  tons  of  sulphate  of  soda;  and  17,560,339,200,000  pounds,  or  8,780,169,- 
6co  tons  of  salt.  Allowing  ten  tons  to  a  car  load,  that  would  be  78,408,000 
cars  of  soda,  and  878,016,960  cars  of  salt.  Taking  30  feet  as  the  total  length 
of  a  freight  car  and  its  couplings,  we  would  have  a  train  of  soda  445,500 
miles  long,  or  nearly  to  the  moon  and  back;  and  a  train  of  salt  4,988,730 
miles  in  length,  or  long  enough  to  reach  196  times  around  the  earth,  and 
leave  an  8,000  mile  string  of  cars  over  on  a  side  track.  Running  20  miles 
an  hour  and  never  stopping  night  or  day,  it  would  take  the  salt-laden  train 
28  years,  5  months  and  23  days  to  pass  a  station. 

When  figures  mount,  as  these  do,  into  billions  and  trillions,  they  be- 
come too  vast  for  any  careless  handling.  These  are,  thus  far,  correct  and 
reasonable,  though  almost  incomprehensible.  Carry  the  computation  one 
step  more.  The  ordinary  valuation  of  sulphate  of  soda  is  one  cent  a  pound, 
or  $20  a  ton;  so  our  784,080,000  tons  of  it  would  be  worth,  in  the  markets  of 
the  world,  $15,681,600  ooo.  Common  salt  at  a  low  estimate,  is  worth  a  half 
cent  a  pound,  or  $10  a  ton;  our  8,780,169,600  tons  of  it  would  consequently 
have  a  money  value  of  $87,801,696,000.  That  is  a  gigantic,  almost  incon- 
ceivable total  for  salt  and  soda,  of  $103,483,296,000;  or  enough,  in  two  ingre- 
dients of  this  watery  wonder  of  the  new  world,  to  pay  all  the  national  debts 
in  Christendom,  and  leave  a  pretty  fair  fortune  for  every  man,  woman,  child 
and  other  person  in  the  hemispheric  republic  of  Yankeedoodledoo. 

The  entire  assessed  valuation  of  the  United  States,  including  real  estate 
and  personal  property,  under  the  census  of  1880,  was  $16,902,993,543;  so  the 
salt  and  soda  of  this  one  mountain-girt  lake  are  worth  more  than  six  times 
as  much  as  the  whole  forty  nine  States  and  Territories  of  the  Union,  as  shown 
by  the  national  assessment  books  ten  years  ago.  Do  these  figures  seem  as- 
tounding? The  facts  are  astounding  and  the  figures  but  do  them  justice. 
The  conclusions  are  inexorable,  and  the  figures,  though  overwhelming,  are 
absolutely  accurate  and  trustworthy.  But  cut  all  the  figures  in  two,  halve 
all  the  estimates,  and  we  would  still  have  a  sum  so  prodigious  that  all  the 
arithmetic  classes  of  creation  would  stagger  before  it. 


THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 
OGDEN  CITY. 


199 


THE  ground  on  which  Utah's  second  city  stands  was 
claimed  and  occupied  by  the  white  intruder  some  years  be- 
fore any  other  part  of  Utah  was  settled.  The  land  was  held 
by  virtue  of  an  assumed  grant  from  the  Mexican  government 
to  Miles  M.  Goodyear,  the  concession,  if  it  ever  existed,  dat- 
ing back  to  1841  and  embracing  pretty  much  all  that  was 
subsequently  organized  into  Weber  County,  his  fort  being 
situated  near  what  is  now  the  southwestern  part  of  the  city. 


FIRST   NATIONAL   BANK,    OGDEN. 

Undoubtedly  he  took  his  pick  out  of  the  whole  country,  and 
while  he  accomplished  little  or  nothing  in  an  agricultural  way 
on  the  soil  chosen,  those  who  see  the  Ogden  of  today,  or  for 
that  matter  those  who  saw  it  fifty  years  ago  and  still  live, 
will  cheerfully  testify  that  he  showed  good  judgment  in  his 
selection,  better,  no  doubt,  than  he  was  aware  of.  Soon  after 
the  advent  of^the  Pioneers  it  was  bought  by  Captain  James 
Brown  for  a  comparatively  small  consideration,  the  possessor 


200 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


being  evidently  willing  to,  let  go  for  what  he  could  get  for 
two  reasons — that  already  stated,  his  inability  to  raise  crops, 
and  the  falling  off  in  the  trapping  business,  which  the  newly 
appeared  civilization  threatened  with  growth  to  reduce  to  a 
low  ebb  or  wipe  out  altogether.  So  he  and  his  dusky-hued 
spouses  with  their  saddle-colored  offspring  and  the  retainers 
generally  in  the  shape  of  mountaineers  and  more  or  less 
hybridized  bipeds  and  quadrupeds  slid  through  the  apertures 
cleaving  the  everlasting  hills  and  were  seen  no  more. 

The  following  spring  a  systematic  opening  of  the  work 


PARRY   BLOCK,    OGDEN. 

of  reclamation  took  place.  Large  tracts  of  ground  were 
ploughed  up  and  planted  to  grain,  vegetables  and  melons. 
They  grew  finely  and  matured  properly.  Families  settled  in 
the  now  promising  district,  among  them  that  of  Lorin  Farr, 
who  became  the  first  mayor  and  served  several  terms  after- 
wards. The  "city"  was  incorporated  and  Ogden  had  its  be- 
ginning. It  grew  steadily  and  prosperously  and  for  three  and 
a  half  decades  has  been  a  city  in  fact  as  well  as  in  law .  But 


THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


201 


it  has  had  some  backsets  notwithstanding  its  healthful  growth. 
It  looks  as  if  nothing  begun  or  carried  on  by  Mormons  could 
escape  colliding  with  the  Government  sooner  or  later.  Some 
time  after  the  organization  of  the  Territory  the  Goodyear 
title  to  the  lands  was  repudiated  at  national  headquarters  and 
another  purchase  had  to  be  made,  an  expensive  and  worrisome 
proceeding,  but  it  didn't  hurt  much  nor  last  long. 

Ogden  received  its  first  great  impulse  in  the  direction  of 


RESIDENCE   OF   H.    C.    WARDLEIGH,   OGDEN. 

becoming  a  commercial  centre  from  the  advent  of  the  Pacific 
railway.  Although  the  first  junction  was  at  Promontory  and 
the  next  at  Corinne,  where  it  remained  for  a  good  while, 
Ogden  was  destined  to  have  its  rights  in  due  time,  and  the 
understanding  that  this  was  to  be,  together  with  the  road  ac- 
tually in  their  midst,  made  a  transformation  which  amounted 
to  a  regular  boom  for  a  while.  All  kinds  of  commodities, 
but  especially  houses  and  rooms,  found  immediate  takers  for 


13 


202  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

cash  and  in  some  cases  at  exorbitant  rates.  After  this  wore 
away  and  things  settled  down  to  a  proper  basis,  the  place 
soon  became  adjusted  to  the  new  conditions,  under  which  the 
population  has  quite  quadrupled  and  property  values  have 
done  even  better  than  that. 

The  attractions  and  conveniences  of  the  city  are    thu^ 
enumerated  by  the  Standard  of  a  recent  date : 

A  stranger  coming  to  Ogden  will  find  here  the  largest  railway  center  in 
the  west,  and  the  point  toward  which  all  central  transcontinental  lines 
are  pointing. 

The  best  and  most  beautiful  union  depot  west  of  Denver. 

The  best  climate  and  most  healthy  conditions  in  the  west. 

Sanitary  conditions  of  the  city  are  of  the  best. 

Twelve  beautiful  church  edifices. 

Three  beautifully  improved  parks. 

Eleven  good  hotels. 

Five  of  the  most  substantial  banks  in  the  country. 

A  wide-awake  daily  paper  which  would  be  a  credit  to  a  town  of 
50,000  people. 

An  opera  house  with  a  seating  capacity  of  2,000. 

Beautiful  free  public  library,  with  one  of  the  best  and  most  beautiful 
buildings  for  such  an  institution  in  the  West. 

A  complete  telephone  system  with  another  company  seeking  an 
entrance. 

City  most  attractively  located. 

A  healthy  and  substantial  building  and  business  growth. 

Business  blocks  all  practically  brick  and  stone  structures  with  plate 
glass  fronts  and  possessing  all  modern  conveniences. 

Broad  sidewalks  and  wide  and  level  streets. 

Most  beautiful  homes  with  charming  environments. 

Seat  of  the  State  School  for  Deaf,  Blind  and  Dumb. 

Seat  of  the  Sta'e  Industrial  school. 

Seat  of  the  Weber  Stake  academy. 

Sacred  Heart  Academy  and  the  Catholic  School  of  St.  Joseph. 

Ogden  Sugar  Plant  has  a  capacity  of  about  400  tons  of  beets  daily. 

Utah  Light  &  Power  company  plant,  which  ranks  in  magnitude  with 
any  of  the  kind  in  the  country,  costing  $1,500,000.  Electrical  force 
IO,OOD  horse  power. 

Four  mammoth  canning  factories  in  Ogden  and  nine  in  the  county 
immediately  adjacent  to  the  city. 

Electric  light  and  gas  plants. 

Twenty-four  jobbing  houses. 

The  two  largest  wholesale  houses  in  the  West. 

One  woolen  mill. 


THE  PRINCIPAL  C11IES.  203 

Two  knitting  factories. 

Two  steam  laundries. 

Five  flour  mills. 

One  btewery, 

Largest  creamery  company  in  the  West,  owning  three  large  creamreies* 

Largest  sewer  pipe  and  tile  works  west  of  the  Mississippi. 

A  broom  factory. 

Nine  brick  yards. 

Three  electrical  mills  for  woodwork. 

One  pickle  and  one  vinegar  factory. 

One  cracker  factory. 

One  soap  factory. 

Largest  railroad  shops  in  the  West. 
.  One  foundry  and  three  machine  shops, 

A  first-class  street  railway  system. 

Four  lumber  yards. 

A  first-clast  general  hospital. 

About  thirty-five  secret  and  fraternal  orders. 

Well  organized  fire  and  police  departments. 

Three  hundred  general  business  houses  employing  1000  clerks. 

Sixty  wagon  and  blacksmith  employes, 

Finest  school  system  in  the  West. 

The  scenic  attractions  of  Ogden  canyon,  near  the  city,  are  not  surpassed 
by  any  scenery  in  the  State,  and  two  honrs'  ride  by  carriage  will  land  the 
tourist  in  the  very  heart  of  the  mountains,  where  he  can  enjoy  the  scenery 
as  well  as  the  life-giving  ozone  of  the  Rockies. 

Medicinal  and  thermal  springs  located  vithin  nine  miles  of  the  city, 
rising  out  of  the  base  of  the  Wasatch  mountains.  They  possess  remedial 
virtues  of  the  highest  order,  and  have  effected  many  phenomenal  cures. 

The  present  city  officials  (1903)  are  as  follows: 
Elective — Mayor,  William    Glasmann;    Recorder,  W.  J. 
Critchlow ;    Treasurer,    Robert    Moves;    Municipal    Judge, 
Albert  Howell;  Auditor,  Mrs.  Hattie  Brown;  Attorney,  John 

E.  Bagley. 

Appointive — Street  Supervisor,  L.  B.  Balch;  Chief  of 
Police,  T.  E.  Browning;  Chief  of  Fire  Department,  George 
A.  Graves;  Physician,  Dr.  G.  A.  Dickson;  Sanitary  Inspector, 
Albert  Powers;  Engineer,  A.  F.  Parker;  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  William  Allison. 

Councilmen — William  Driver,  President;  J.  E.  Williams, 

F.  W.  Chambers,  Charles  Cross,  J.  C.  Nye,  F.J.  Hendershot, 
H.  J.  Powers,  H.  P.  Randall,  F.  H.  Carr,  Robert  Paine. 


204  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

Ogden,  like  Salt  Lake,  has  an  excellent  street  car  and 
water  service  with  all  the  modern  advantages.  It  has  a  ma- 
jority of  public-spirited  people  who  take  an  abiding  interest 
in  their  town  and  look  for  no  welfare  for  themselves  that  it 
cannot  enjoy.  Its  population  and  statistics  regarding  it  gen- 
erally will  be  found  in  the  proper  departments.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  State  Industrial  and  Reform  School,  also  of  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb  Institute;  the  county  court  house,  located  there, 
is  the  finest  and  most  commodious  in  the  State  outside  of  Salt 
Lake,  and  the  same  can  be  said  of  its  municipal  public  build- 
ing. It  has  some  educational,  ecclesiastical,  mercantile  and 
manufacturing  structures  that  would  do  credit  to  any  city; 
among  the  latter  is  the  recently  finished  sugar  factory,  a  cut  and 
full  account  of  which  appear  elsewhere;  and  the  only  union 
depot  and  Carnegie  library  building  in  the  State  are  among 
Ogden's  features. 


PROVO    CITY. 

THE  third  city  of  the  State  dates  its  existence  as  a  com- 
munity back  to  the  year  1849,  'm  ^e  early  part  of  April.  At 
that  time  the  California  gold  excitement  was  running  high, 
but  the  settlers  of  Utah  valley  were  not  affected  by  it  any 
more  than  to  take  a  passing  interest  in  the  details  wafted  to 
them  at  long  intervals,  as  they  would  have  done  with  any 
other  news  of  more  than  ordinary  consequence.  They  were 
more  intent  upon  the  production  of  golden  grain  than  any- 
thing else  of  an  earthly  nature  and  they  struck  the  right  place 
to  get  it  in  abundance — later  on.  The  valley  had  previously 
been  explored  and  settled  by  a  company  headed  by  John  S. 
Higbee,  and  at  the  time  spoken  of  a  fort  was  constructed  on 
or  near  the  site  of  the  city.  The  community  grew  apace,  so 
much  so  that  it  was  incorporated  in  1851,  and  on  the  iyth  of 
July  a  special  confer&ace  was  held  at  which  the  town,  which 
had  by  that  time  grown  up  to  some  little  size,  was  divided 


THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


205 


into  five  Bishop's  wards.  All  the  while  the  Indians  were 
practicing  deviltry  with  numerous  variations,  attacking  un- 
awares, harassing  travelers,  stealing  stock  and  occasionally 
being  gratified  with  the  killing  or  wounding  of  one  or  more 
of  the  whites.  Of  course  some  of  the  "noble  scions"  bit  the 
dust  quite  frequently,  but  not  fast  enough  to  discourage  them 
greatly  for  a  good  while. 

The  first  mayor  was  Ellis  Eames,  who  held  office  during 


RESIDENCE  OF  SENATOR  REED  SMOOT,  PROVO. 

[The  Senator  and   Family  in   the   Foreground.] 

1891  and  1892.  The  others  were  as  follows:  Evan  M. 
Green,  1853-4;  B.  K.  Bullock,  1855-60;  Ebenezer  Hanks, 
A.  H.  Scott,  1861-2;  Isaac  Bullock,  B.  K.  Bullock,  1863  (the 
duality  in  the  mayor's  office,  shown  by  the  last  four  incum- 
bents, was  abolished  by  the  Legislature  during  the  latter 
term);  William  Miller,  1864-7;  A.  O.  Smoot,  i868-8i;W. 
H.  Dusenberry,  1882-9;].  E.  Booth.  1890-91;  W.  N.  Dusen- 
berry,  1892-5;  L.  Holbrook,  1896-7;  S.  S.Jones,  1898-9;  T. 
N.  Taylor,  1900-3. 

Provo  is  called  the  "Garden  City"  and  is  entitled  to  the 


206 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


name,  as  nearly  every  residence  is  flanked  by  a  garden  and 
more  or  less  fruit-bearing  trees  and  shrubs  as  well.  It  has  a 
commodious  and  well-appointed  opera  house,  supports  a  daily 
and  two  semi-weekly  newspapers,  and  is  well  represented  in 
all  the  different  departments  of  merchandising.  It  has  several 
job  printing  offices  and  one  that  has  attached  a  bookbindery 
second  to  none  in  the  State — that  of  the  Skelton  Publishing 
Co.,  the  manager  of  which,  Mr.  Robert  Skelton,  is  a  thor- 
oughgoing business  man  who  has  brought  the  enterprise  up 


RESIDENCE   OF  SAMUEL   A.    KING,    PROVO. 

to  a  stage  of  efficiency  and  popularity  that  make  it  a  feature 
of  the  town.  Provo  is  something  of  a  seat  of  learning,  hav- 
ing as  a  leader  the  far-famed  B.  Y.  Academy;  it  contains  the 
State  Mental  Hospital,  one  of  the  best  managed  and  most 
complete  institutions  of  the  kind  in  the  whole  country,  and  is 
the  home  of  several  of  our  heaviest  and  most  successful  min- 
ing men. 

PROVO    CITY    OFFICERS,    1903. 

Mayor,    Thomas   N.  Taylor;  Recorder,  N.  C.   Larsen; 
Marshal.  Frank  Tucker;     Treasurer.  Joseph  Buttlr ;    Justice 


THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


207 


•of  the  Peace,  Thomas  John;  City  Attorney,  A.  L.  Booth; 
City  Engineer,  Caleb  Tanner.  Councilmen — First  Ward, 
Joseph  T.  Farrer,  C.  F.  Decker;  Second  Ward,  Joseph  Ward, 
W.  D.  Roberts,  Jr.;  Third  Ward,  W.  P.  Silver,  W.  K.  Farrer; 
Fourth  Ward,  Albert  Carter,  George  Powelson;  Fifth  Ward, 


PROMINENT  PfiOPLE  OF   PROVO. 


J.  H.  McEwan,  George  S.  Taylor;  Superintendent  Water- 
works, J.  E.  Armistead;  Quarantine  Physician,  Dr.  F.  W. 
Taylor;  Road  Supervisor,  Jorgen  Hanson;  Watermaster, 
Henry  Goddard;  City  Sexton,  W.  J.  Taylor;  Fire  Chief ,  Leo 
Bean. 


208  VTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


LOGAN    CITY. 

*  THIS  beautiful  place  was  founded  in  June,  1859. 
so  rapidly  that  in  April,  i86i,it  was  divided  into  four  Bishop's 
wards,  and  the  growth  has  continued  steadily,  as  it  properly 
might,  being  the  center  of  one  of  the  richest  agricultural  and 
stock-raising  districts  in  the  entire  West,  besides  being  blessed 
with  a  number  of  pushing,  enterprising  men.  It  is  one  of  the 
four  Temple  cities  of  the  State  and  contains  besides  one  of 
the  largest  and  handsomest  tabernacles  in  the  State. 

The  following,  from    the  Deseret  News,  tells  the  rest  of 
the  story  as  well  as  it  can  be  done: 

"Chief  among  the  cities  of  Cache  valley,  and  the  great 
center  of  learning  and  trade,  is  Logan,  the  peerless  Queen 
City  of  northern  Utah.  It  is  situated  on  the  east  side  of  the 
valley  on  a  commanding  slope  and  three  hills.  The  Logan 
river  pours  its  rich  burden  of  life-giving  water  out  of  the 
mountains,  and  Logan  has  ample  water  supply  for  her  do- 
mestic use.  lawns,  tree-lined  walks  and  spreading  fields.  This 
little  city  has  made  enormous  progress  in  the  past  year  or 
two,  and  is  taking  on  metropolitan  airs.  Seven  blocks  of 
sidewalks  have  recently  been  paved  with  cement,  and  there 
is  talk  of  two  narrow  sidewalk  pavements  on  each  side  of 
Center  street  from  Main  to  the  depot,  seven  blocks.  Fully 
twenty-five  business  blocks  have  been  erected  in  the  central 
part  of  town  during  the  past  two  years,  and  Main  and  Center 
streets  and  a  portion  of  Fifth  North  street,  adjacent  to  the 
main  business  block,  now  present  a  handsome  appearance. 

"Under  the  enterprising  direction  of  Mayor  Hansen  and 
the  Logan  city  council  a  boulevard  has  been  built  from  the 
center  of  town  to  a  point  near  the  Agricultural  College,  and 
it  is  proposed  to  complete  it  to  that  institution  at  an  early  date. 
Three  rows  of  trees  were  set  out,  enclosing  a  walk  and  a 
driveway,  and  in  the  years  to  come  the  beautiful  embowered 
avenue,  overlooking  a  charming  pastoral  scene,  will  be  a 


THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES.  209 

monument  to  the  foresight  of  Logan's  present  efficient  city 
officers. 

"Logan  is  the  distributing  point  for  the  valley.  Shoppers 
come  from  a  distance  of  five  to  twenty  miles  in  almost  every 
direction  to  do  their  trading  at  the  large  mercantile,  clothing, 
furniture,  jewelry,  drug  and  other  business  establishments  of 
the  city. 

"If  Logan  is  prouder  of  one  thing  more  than  another  it 
is  her  magnificent  educational  facilities. 

"Foremost  is  the  grand  Agricultural  College  of  Utah, 
with  its  thousand  acres  of  land,  its  dozen  handsome  buildings, 
its  forty  qualified  instructors,  and  its  five  hundred  bright 
students.  Next  is  the  great  Brigham  Young  College,  with 
thirty  well  educated  instructors,  five  hundred  students,  and 
ample  buildings  and  acreage.  The  New  Jersey  Academy  is 
a  well  equipped  college  and  has  six  instructors  and  a  hundred 
students.  In  the  Logan  district  schools,  one  thousand  two 
hundred  children  are  taught  by  twenty-five  able  instructors." 

The  city  was  incorporated  in  1866,  Alvin  Crockett  being 
the  first  mayor.  Following  are  the  present  officers  (1903): 
Mayor,  Lorenzo  Hansen;  Attorney,}.  C.  Walters;  Recorder, 
Hattie  Smith;  Treasurer,  Hannah  H.  Jacobsen;  Physician, 
D.  C.  Budge;  Marshal,  Emer  Crockett;  Road  Supervisor, 
Samuel  Holt;  Sexton,  Knud  Peterson;  Justice,  H.  A.  Peder- 
son;  Poundkeeper,  John  H.  Gnehm;  Fire  Chief,  C.  B.  Rob- 
bins;  Building  Inspector,  Albert  Berntsen;  Surveyor,  K.  C. 
Schaub.  Councilmen — E.  W.  Robinson,  Absalom  Burris, 
Lorenzo  Benson,  T.  A.  Thoresen.  C.  H.  Baker,  John  Quayle, 
Casper  Hoffman,  T.  H.  Smith,  N.  M.  Hanson,  P.  M.  Niel- 
sen. 


THE  TELEGRAPH. 


ADVENT  AND  GROWTH  OF  THIS  GREAT 
FEATURE  OF  CIVILIZATION. 

THE  subject  of  communication  with  the  outside  world  is 
ever  an  important  one  with  colonists,  and  to  none  of 
these  was  it  ever  more  so  than  to  those  who  first  peopled  Utah. 
Having  established  themselves  in  their  new  and  permanent 
homes,  and  beheld  the  nucleus  planted  here  expanding  and 
ramifying  day  by  day,  the  feeling  of  isolation,  while  bringing 
with  it  a  sense  of  security  from  mobs  and  immunity  from  or- 
ganized lawlessness,  was  by  no  means  completely  comfortable. 
It  has  previously  been  suggested  that  the  Pioneers  had  effected 
a  physical  separation,  but  many  soulful  ties  and  ineradicable 
memories  remained.  The  desire  to  know  wnat  former  friends 
were  doing,  how  they  were  getting  along,  and  that  thirst  which 
comes  of  a  learning  of  the  ways  and  means  of  mankind  through 
education  and  association  were  all  inextinguishable,  and  every 
proposition  looking  to  the  advancement  of  means  by  which 
private  and  public  intelligence  could  be  transmitted,  received 
all  the  encouragement  which  a  people  not  yet  reclothed  with 
the  ability  to  do,  which  they  were  compelled  to  leave  behind, 
could  give.  At  such  a  time  the  words  "Overland  Mail"  had 
a  sound  which  for  a  long  time  the  substance  failed  to  justify- 
It  has  already  been  stated  how  uncertain,  slow-going,  few  and 
far  between  were  the  trips  which  the  Government  established 
between  Salt  Lake  City  and  the  Eastern  frontier,  but  the  men- 
tion was  so  brief  that  the  mind  of  the  reader  could  not  have 


1HE  TELEGRAPH.  211 

been  brought  to  anything  like  a  realization  of  the  situation 
while  surrounded  by  such  splendid  postal  service  as  prevails 
nowadays.  It  is  not  to  be  inferred  from  all  this  that  the 
blame  was  altogether,  if  even  partly  upon  the  Government, 
which  did  all  along  what  was  doubtless  represented  to  it  as 
the  best  that  could  be  done  under  the  circumstances.  Staging 
in  the  earlier  days  was  a  laborious,  tedious  and  dangerous 
undertaking,  the  unseen  escorts  in  the  persons  of  white  men 
aided  by  red  ones  becoming  steadily  more  and  more  numerous, 
.and  only  awaiting  favorable  opportunities  when  there  was  any- 
thing likely  to  be  profitable  to  swoop  down  on  the  coaches 
bearing  death  and  destruction  along  with  them.  These  un- 
certainties, delays  and  dangers  coupled  with  the  desire  for 
.something  better,  set  the  inventive  faculties  to  work,  the  result 
being  the  establishment  of  what  soon  became  a  popular  and 
world-renowned  mode  of  communication,  the  Pony  Express, 
previously  spoken  of. 

The  passing  of  the  "pony"  was  one  of  the  sounds  that 
echoed  from  the  border-land  late  in  the  spring  time  of  1861. 
He  had  seemingly  become  an  indispensable  factor  in  our 
growing  civilization,  but  as  the  mule  train  cannot  do  business 
when  there  is  a  railroad  to  do  it,  so  cannot  a  pony  express 
•continue  when  brought  into  competition  with  harnessed  light- 
ning. A  charter  had  been  granted  by  Congress  to  Edward 
Creighton  of  Omaha  for  the  construction  and  operation  of  a 
transcontinental  telegraph  system,  and  the  line  was  reaching 
us  from  both  directions.  About  the  middle  of  July  the 
superintendent  of  construction  for  this  division,  whose  name 
was  James  Street,  set  up  the  first  pole  on  Main  Street  of  Salt 
Lake  City,  at  a  point  opposite  to  where  is  now  a  mercantile 
•establishment  just  north  of  the  Deseret  National  Bank.  In 
the  building  which  then  occupied  the  ground  the  first  tele- 
graph office  was  established.  Piece  by  piece  were  the  pony's 
runs  curtailed  and  little  by  little  were  ,the  pauses  occurring 
after  the  different  dates  in  the  dispatches  shortened,  showing 
in  an  unmistakable  manner  the  gradual  approach  of  the  elec- 


212  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

trie  messenger.  Finally  the  line  builders  out  of  this  city  made 
connection  with  those  coming  from  the  East,  and  on  the  i7th 
of  October  the  instruments  were  put  in  place,  the  first  click 
announcing  the  annihilation  of  time  and  space  between  the 
great  East  and  the  far  West  sounded  and  recorded  another 
grand  epoch  entered  upon  in  the  onward  march  of  our  inland 
empire. 

The  superintendent  having  tendered  to  President  Young 
the  privilege  of  sending  the  first  message  over  the  wire,  he  at 
once  drafted  a  congratulatory  dispatch  to  the  President  of 
the  (then)  Pacific  Telegraph  company,  which  concluded  with 
the  assuring  words  that  Utah  had  not  seceded  but  was  firm 
for  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  land,  adding  that  the  Ter- 
ritory was  warmly  interested  in  such  enterprises  as  the  one 
then  completed.  This  dispatch  was  dated  the  day  following 
the  actual  completion  of  the  eastern  division  of  the  system, 
at  which  time  naturally  everything  was  in  better  working 
order  and  was  as  stated  the  first  message  ever  sent  by  tele- 
graph from  this  city.  A  little  more  than  fourteen  years  had 
elapsed  since  the  sender,  weary  from  exposure,  hardships  and 
unremitting  endeavor  in  behalf  of  his  people,  had  set  his  foot 
upon  the  soil,  a  period  within  which  a  hundred  souls  had  be- 
come a  hundred  thousand,  a  thousand  dollars  in  values  had 
swollen  a  thousand  times,  the  rigors  and  rebuffs  of  nature 
were  overcome,  and  one  of  man's  greatest  achievements  in 
the  dissemination  of  intelligence  had  placed  him  and  his  again 
within  the  charmed  circle  of  progressive  civilization.  These 
and  many  other  thoughts  must  have  surged  through  his  mind 
as  the  consummation  which  gladdened  his  heart  was  brought 
before  him  and  the  means  placed  at  his  disposal  of  sending 
back  with  the  speed  of  a  sunbeam  a  greeting  to  the  land 
where  he  and  those  of  his  faith  were  not  permitted  to  live,, 
enjoy  peace  and  pursue  paths  of  happiness.  What  a  history 
it  all  was,  and  how  impossible  is  it  to  grasp  with  a  mental 
effort  the  fullness  of  its  consequences! 

To  the  message  of   President  Young  a   courteous  reply 


THE  TELEGRAPH.  213 

made  by  President  Wade,  his  words  being  fervent  with 
friendliness  and  esteem  and  expressive  of  the  greatest  good 
for  all  concerned. 

Immediately  after  the  transmission  of  the  first  message, 
a  second  one  was  dispatched,  this  to  President  Abraham  Lin- 
coln at  Washington  and  signed  by  Frank  Fuller,  acting  Gov- 
ernor of  the  Territory.  This  was  much  more  effusive,  con- 
taining extravagant  protestations  of  loyalty  and  bristling  with 
such  patriotic  periods  as  must  have  warmed  up  the  wire  along 
which  they  sped.  Of  course  it  was  a  great  occasion  and  doubt- 
less the  Governor  was  trying  to  be  equal  to  it,  but  I  am  some- 
what of  the  opinion  that  a  careful  analysis  would  show  that 
he  got  a  little  beyond  it.  A  very  brief,  modest  reply  was  re- 
ceived on  the  2Oth,  as  follows: 

"WASHINGTON,  D.   C., 

"Oct.  2oth,  1861. 
"Hon.  Frank  Fuller,  Acting  Governor  of  Utah  Territory: 

"SiR — The  completion  of  the  telegraph  is  auspicious  of 
the  stability  and  union  of  the  Republic.  The  Government  re- 
ciprocates your  congratulations. 

"ABRAHAM  LINCOLN." 

Not  a  great  deal  of  commercial  business  was  done  for  a 
while,  as  may  readily  be  understood.  Congratulations,  felici- 
tations, greetings  and  all  that  sort  of  thing  had  to  be  attended 
to,  and  there  was  much  reason  for  it.  Utah  had  taken  on  an 
added  dignity  and  made  a  plunge  toward  the  fore  by  reason 
of  the  telegraph's  advent,  and  it  was  clearly  impossible  to 
appreciate  the  occasion  more  than  its  importance  justified. 
The  good  and  patient  people  of  this  tried  and  true  common- 
wealth now  began  to  reap  some  reward  of  their  patient,  plod- 
ding industry  and  uncomplaining  seclusion  from  the  busier 
haunts  of  men.  They  were  at  last  in  instantaneous  commun- 
ication with  the  world  at  large.  The  news  no  longer  bore 
the  date  of  several  days  previously,  but  of  the  same  day,  and 
noL  infrequently  the  same  hour  relatively  as  when  received. 


214  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

It  was  a  mighty  transition,  sure  enough,  but  it  was  not 
the  end  by  a  great  deal — rather  the  commencement  of  the~ 
improved  order  of  things.  With  that  keen  insight  into  the 
needs  of  the  people  and  that  class  of  statesmanship  which 
recognizes  the  hand  of  progress  in  the  mortal  status,  making 
the  luxury  of  yesterday  the  necessity  of  today,  President 
Young  was  not  long  in  devising  the  ways  and  means  by  which 
the  whole  of  the  Territory  should  be  joined  in  the  mystic  tie 
which  made  us  in  point  of  inter-communication  a  part  and 
parcel  of  the  world  at  large.  We  must  have  a  telegraph  line 
all  to  ourselves!  Of  course  so  grand  a  step  forward  could  not 
come  immediately,  but  it  is  a  belief  founded  upon  the  strongest 
kind  of  circumstantial  evidence  that  the  first  communications 
were  no  sooner  passed  over  the  Pacific  Telegraph  wires  than 
the  great  leader  determined  then  and  there  to  extend  the  field 
of  electric  transmission  on  his  own  and  the  people's  account, 
just  so  soon  as  the  means  for  doing  it  could  be  raised.  In  the 
latter  part  of  1865,  the  scheme  took  shape  in  the  issuance  of 
a  circular  letter  from  the  President's  office  to  the  bishops  of 
the  different  settlements,  requesting  their  aid  and  co-operation 
in  the  matter.  The  replies  were  spontaneous  and  hearty  and 
the  success  of  the  project  was  thus  assured  beforehand.  With- 
out waiting  for  the  enterprise  to  take  on  material  shape, 
the  President  took  time  by  the  forelock  in  the  establishment 
of  a  telegraph  school  wherein  such  of  the  young  men  as  de- 
sired to  do  so  might  become  measurably  proficient  in  the  art 
of  reading  by  sound,  and  thus  have  everything  in  readiness 
for  business  so  soon  as  the  construction  was  completed.  This 
school  was  held  first  in  Brigham's  family  schoolhouse  which 
then  stood  near  the  Eagle  Gate,  but  subsequently  it  was  re- 
moved. The  school  contained  about  thirty  pupils,  who  re- 
ceived practical  instructions  with  real  instruments,  the  teacher 
being  John  C.  Clowes,  an  operator  of  the  Pacific  Telegraph 
office.  Everything  being  in  readiness  the  line  of  the  Deseret 
Telegraph  Company  was  formally  opened  on  December  ist, 
1866.  E. -C.  Stickney,  superintendent  of  construction  and 


THE  TELEGRAPH.  215- 

also  an  operator,  proceeded  to  Ogden  and  set  up  the  instru- 
ments there,  then  awaited  the  electric  flash  from  Salt  Lake 
which  was  not  long  in  coming.  Mr.  Clowes  opened  the  office 
here  and  all  the  others  save  the  one  at  Ogden.  The  former 
was  located  in  the  President's  office  and  at  the  appointed  time 
the  sharp  click  of  the  "sounder"  announced  everything  in 
readiness  and  the  usual  messages  of  congratulation  passed. 
Another  step  forward  was  gained. 

The  offices  to  the  north  were  opened  first,  then  came  the 
greater  task  of  putting  the  long  southern  division  of  the  wire 
in  working  order.  Provo  received  the  first  attention,  then 
Payson,  Nephi,  Scipio,  Fillmore,  Cove  Creek,  Beaver,  Paro- 
wan,  Kanarrah,  Toquerville,  Washington  and  St.  George  in 
turn.  From  each  of  these  the  usual  expressions  of  congratu- 
lation and  thankfulness  were  transmitted  and  appropriate  re- 
plies received. 

The  company  was  duly  incorporated  on  the  i8th  of  De- 
cember, with  the  following  officers:  Brigham.  Young,  president;. 
Daniel  H.  Wells,  vice-president;  William  Clayton,  secretary; 
George  Q.  Cannon,  treasurer;  A.  M.  Musser,  superintend- 
ent. The  latter  continued  in  office  for  several  years,  and  al- 
though at  first  a  total  stranger  to  the  telegraphic  code  and . 
the  "inner  workings"  of  the  system,  he  progressed  in  the 
matter  of  acquiring  the  needed  intormation  quite  rapidly  and 
in  addition  to  efficiency  gave  the  whole  system  a  business-like 
attention  which  under  the  circumstances  could  scarcely  have 
been  surpassed,  and  he  was  quite  popular  with  the  employees 
of  the  company.  Under  his  superintendency  the  Deseret 
branched  out  until  it  became  a  great  deal  more  than  a  merely 
local  enterprise.  In  1871  it  was  extended  from  St.  George  to 
Pioche,  Nevada,  where  its  advent  was  hailed  with  a  grand  ac- 
claim on  the  part  of  the  previously  isolated  people,  and  where 
it  made  money  "hand  over  fist,"  something  it  had  never  done 
in  Utah.  For  two  years  the  Pioche  office  took  in  from  $2,000 
to  $3,000  per  month,  a  business  which  was  altogether  too- 
brilliant  not  to  attract  attention,  and  then  came  a  competing. 


216 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


line  on  the  part  of  the  Western  Union.  It  struck  the  camp 
about  the  time  it  commenced  to  go  down,  and  of  course  a 
divided  business  in  a  declining  town  made  a  great  change  for 

the  worse;  but  the  Deseret 
had  got  the  cream  of  what 
there  was  going  and  could 
better  stand  the  falling  off 
than  the  other  line  could. 
Through  the  superintend- 
ent's foresight  and  enter- 
prise, the  treasury  of  the 
company  had  become  some- 
thing more  than  a  name  with- 
out substance;  but  he  did  not 
stop  with  one  such  achieve- 
ment. Branch  lines  were 
constructed  to  Alta — then  a 
very  flourishing  camp — Tin- 
tic,  Star  district  and  other 
places,  all  of  which  did  a 
good  business  for  some  time. 

Mr.  Musser  was  succeeded  in  1876  by  William  B.  Dougall, 
a  very  capable  business  man  and  a  practical  operator  in  the 
front  rank  of  efficiency.  The  entire  system  was  sold  to  the 
Western  Union  in  February,  1900. 


A.    MILTON    MUSSER. 


THE  RAILROAD. 


ITS  INCEPTION,  GROWTH  AND  PRESENT 
PROPORTIONS. 

IT  WOULD  be  manifestly  impossible  for  one  who  was  not 
here  when  there  were  no  railroads  to  grasp  in  its  fullness 
the  greatness  of  the  transformation  which  the  rails  have 
wrought.  How  true  it  is  that  the  first  locomotive  bell  which 
resounded  in  the  gorges  of  the  Wasatch  mountains  tolled  the 
death  knell  of  old  conditions,  while  at  the  same  time  signal- 
izing with  joyous  notes  the  ushering  in  of  the  new!  No  more 
the  wearisome,  long  drawn-out  marches  from  frontier  to 
frontier,  sore  footed,  wearied,  worn  and  wan,  with  months  of 
time  consumed,  means  squandered  and  opportunities  deferred 
or  lost;  no  more  prohibitive  tariffs  on  the  necessaries  of  life 
with  the  use  of  luxuries  restricted  to  the  very  few;  no  longer 
living  in  the  shadow  of  civilization,  but  basking  in  its  full-orbed 
glow !  The  change  was  so  sudden  and  yet  so  complete  that 
it  seemed  almost  like  waking  from  a  dream,  or  like  passing 
into  another  sphere  of  existence;  and  yet  it  had  come  so 
quietly,  so  apparently  naturally,  that  the  marvel  was  no  sooner 
upon  us  than  it  had  passed  away.  What  an  adaptable,  ad- 
justable creature  the  human  animal  is! 

The  subject  of  a  transcontinental  railway  was  agitated 
for  years  before  the  scheme  began  to  take  shape.  The  first 
thing  that  was  done  in  a  practical  way  was  by  Brigham  Young 
in  1847,  when  at  the  head  of  his  band  of  exiles  he  was  plod- 
ding his  weary  way  hither.  For  hundreds  of  miles  he  marked 


218  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

out  and  followed  the  way  which  many  years  later  became  the 
roadbed  of  the  great  Pacific  railroad.  Seven  years  after  the 
people  had  settled  Utah,  to  wit,  on  January  31,  1854,  a  mass 
meeting  was  held  in  Salt  Lake  City  to  agitate  the  building 
of  the  road,  regarding  which  a  bill  had  been  presented  by 
Thomas  H.  Benton  in  the  U.  S.  Senate  four  years  previously, 
but  it  came  to  nothing,  although  there  were,  by  the  time  the 
mass  meeting  was  held,  no  less  than  seven  distinct  surveys  in 
existence,  one  of  which  was  that  of  Captain  Stansbury,  made 
on  his  return  East  from  Utah. 

A  bill  for  a  Pacific  railroad  finally  got  through  Congress 
and  was  signed  by  President  Lincoln  on  July  i,  1862.  It 
gave  a  bonus  of  $16,000  a  mile,  and  every  odd-numbered 
section  of  land  for  ten  miles  on  each  side  of  the  track.  The 
first  spadeful  of  dirt  was  turned  at  Omaha  on  December  2, 
1863,  the  company  having  been  organized  in  New  York  in 
September.  1862.  Nothing  more  was  done  till  the  next  year, 
when,  Congress  having  added  some  sweetening  by  way  of  other 
inducements,  the  great  work  was  begun  in  earnest.  At  the 
celebration  held  in  Omaha,  when  ground  was  first  broken, 
George  Francis  Train  created  amusement  and  derision  by 
predicting  that  the  road  would  be  completed  by  1870,  several 
years  less  than  the  time  limit  given  by  Congress.  The  eccen- 
tric orator  proved  to  be  a  better  guesser  than  those  who 
ridiculed  him,  the  time  set  by  him  not  being  exhausted  by 
some  eight  months. 

The  Central  Pacific,  which  began  in  California  and  worked 
easterly,  was  a  private  and,  for  some  time,  unsubsidized  com- 
pany, but  later  it  fell  in  for  its  share  of  the  good  things  granted 
by  the  Government  to  the  Union  Pacific,  as  the  Eastern  com- 
pany was  called.  The  Central  organized  in  1861  and  work 
was  commenced  on  January  8.  1863.  The  Eastern  road 
reached  Ogden  on  March  8, 1869,  at  11.30  a.  m.,  amid  general 
rejoicing  and  a  great  celebration.  It  was  pushed  right  along 
and  finally  met  the  Central  at  Promontory  Point,  at  the  northern 
end  of  Great  Salt  Lake,  on  May  10  following,  where  another 


THE  RAILROAD.  219 

celebration  occurred,  both  roads  bringing  crowds  of  people. 
Speechmaking,  music,  and  driving  of  a  gold,  a  silver,  and  a 
gold,  silver  and  iron  spike,  were  the  features.  The  writer 
was  there  right  on  the  heels  of  the  proceedings,  but  those 
spikes  had  already  been  removed. 

It  might  as  well  be  mentioned  here  as  elsewhere,  that 
millions  have  been  expended  by  the  Union  Pacific  during  the 
past  few  years  in  the  improvement  of  its  line  and  cutting  out 
curves,  grades,  etc.;  one  of  its  great  achievements  being  the 
completion  of  Leamington  cut-off,  making  a  straight  line  to 
southern  Utah.  Also,  millions  have  been  expended  on  the 
Central  Pacific  for  the  same  purpose,  including  the  Ogden 
and  Lucin  cut-off  across  the  northern  end  of  the  Great  Salt 
Lake,  making  a  difference  of  forty-two  miles  in  one  hundred 
and  forty-nine. 

The  Union  Pacific  and  Central  Pacific  were  married  one 
day  and  divorced  the  next.  There  was  considerable  conten- 
tion as  to  a  junction  point,  since  Promontory,  the  place  of 
meeting,  was  quite  impossible  because  unwatered,  untreed, 
unfruitful,  unpromising  and  many  things  that  were  undesirable. 
Corinne,  an  outgrowth  of  the  railway's  advent  in  Box  Elder 
county,  was  settled  upon,  but  it  did  not  take  long  for  those 
who  were  on  the  lookout  to  discover  that  Mahomet  was  not 
drawing  the  mountain  to  him  and  therefore  the  part  of  wis- 
dom was  to  have  Mahomet  go  to  the  mountain.  So  Ogden 
was  finally  settled  upon,  but  not  until  all  sorts  of  schemes  had 
been  tried  to  fix  matters  otherwise.  Relying  upon  the  per- 
manency of  the  new  town  as  the  meeting  point  many  invest- 
ments involving  in  the  aggregate  considerable  sums  were 
made,  and  the  railway  officials  helped  as  much  as  they  could, 
even  for  some  time  not  stopping  their  trains  at  Ogden  at  all. 
But  experiments  which  fail  to  make  the  income  equal  the  out- 
lay must  pall  at  last  upon  the  strongest  corporations,  and  so 
it  came  about  that  Ogden  finally  came  into  her  rightful  inher- 
itance and  a  good  thing  it  has  proved  for  both  parties.  The 
general  proceedings  looking  to  the  keeping  out  in  the  cold  of 


220  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

everything  not  established  by  the  railway  managers  were  ex- 
pensively abortive  and  on  the  whole  about  as  absurd  as  an 
opera.  Of  course  all  this  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  more 
recent  management,  particularly  the  present  one,  which  is 
capable  at  every  point,  discreet  and  progressive. 


UTAH  CENTRAL  AND  SOUTHERN. 

OGDEN  was  not  destined  to  remain  long  the  coupling 
point  of  but  two  roads  with  Salt  Lake  not  even  a  way  station; 
for  on  the  8th  day  of  March.  1869,  the  Utah  Central  road, 
having  in  view  the  rail  connection  of  the  metropolis  with  the 
transcontinental  lines,  was  organized;  work  was  begun  May 
17,  1869,  and  being  a  short  cry  was  finished  on  January  10, 
1870.  On  the  occasion  a  great  crowd  assembled  on  the  ground 
where  now  stands  ihe  Oregon  Short  Line  depot,  speeches 
were  made,  glorifications  of  various  kinds  were  indulged  in 
and  the  last  spike  was  triumphantly  sent  home  under  a  ham- 
mer wielded  by  President  Brigham  Young,  a  gentleman  who 
has  been  occasionally  referred  to  elsewhere  in  these  pages. 
It  was  regarded  as  a  great  day,  which  in  good  truth  it  was, 
though  compared  with  some  later  culminations,  it  was  not 
•per  se  so  consequential,  being  much  more  entitled  to  the  des- 
ignation -Short  Line"  than  the  road  which  eventually  acquired 
it,  the  latter  being  in  reality  rather  a  long  line,  all  things  con- 
sidered. 

The  organization  consisted  of  Brigham  Young,  George 
Q.  Cannon,  Joseph  A.  Young,  Daniel  H.  Wells,  Christopher 
Layton,  Bryant  Stringham,  D.  F.  Kimball,  Isaac  Groo,  D.  O. 
Calder,  George  A.  Smith,  John  Sharp,  William  Jennings, 
Feramorz  Little  and  J.  T.  Little. 

The  great  and  good  work  was  not  permitted  to  stand  still. 
On  January  17,  1871,  the  Utah  Southern,  an  extension  of  the 
Central,  was  decided  upon  and  a  company  was  thereupon 


THE  RAILROAD.  221 

organized.  This  contained  many  of  the  above  named  persons. 
It  was  completed  (its  terminal  being  Juab  station,  Juab  Co.) 
on  June  13,  1879.  Subsequently  the  road  was  extended  to 
Frisco,  Beaver  county. 


OREGON  SHORT  LINE. 

IT  CAME  to  pass  in  the  going  and  coming  of  things  that 
the  pioneer  road  across  the  eastern  pampas  broke  apart  and 
became  two  systems  instead  of  one,  this  occurring  on  March 
16,  1897,  whereby  the  Oregon  Short  Line  was  eventuated, 
one  of  its  eastern  terminii  being  at  Granger,  Wyoming,  the 
other  at  Ogden.*  (The  Central  Pacific  had  previously 
became  the  Southern  Pacific).  It  has  a  trackage  of  1698 
miles  and  an  army  of  employes,  the  number  averaging  stead- 
ily during  the  year  4898.  The  capitalization  is  $27,460,100 
at  $100  per  share.  It  operates  178  locomotives,  1146  pas- 
senger cars,  and  5,871  freight  and  miscellaneous  cars.  The 
Short  Line  is  the  onlv  road  through  Northern  Utah,  Idaho 
and  Southern  Montana,  whereby  it  has  a  field  that  is  vast  and 
constantly  growing.  Its  service  in  point  of  security,  celerity 
and  certainty  is  not  excelled  by  that  of  any  in  the  country. 
The  officers  areas  follows: 

President — S.  H.  Harriman,  120  Broadway,  New  York. 
Vice  President — Wm.  D.  Cornish,  New  York. 

Vice  President  and  Gen.  Manager — W.  H.  Bancroft,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Local  Treasurer — Chas.  H.  Jenkinson,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
Treasurer — F.  V.  S.  Crosby,  120  Broadway,  New  York. 
Secretary — Alex.  Millar,  120  Broadway,  New  York. 
General  Manager  and  Supt.  Telegraph— E.  E-  Calvin,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Acting  Traffic  Manager — T.  M.  Schumacher,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Assistant  General  Freight  Agent — J.  A..  Reeves,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
Gen.  Pass,  and  Ticket  Agent — D.  E.  Burley,Salt  Lake  City. 
Assistant  General  Pass,  and  Ticket  Agent — D.  S.  Spencer,  Salt  Lake 
City 

Car  Accountant — A.  F.  Brewer,  Salt  Lake  City. 

*  The  division  is  understood  to  be  more  or  less  nominal,  the  U.  P.  practi- 
cally owning  the  O.  S.  L.  as  well  as  the  Oregon  R.  R.  and  Navigation  Co. 


222 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Consulting  Engineer— J.  B.  Berry,  Omaha,  Neb. 
Resident  Engineer— Win.  Ashton,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Division  Engineer — J.  P.  Condon,  Pocatello,  Idaho. 
General  Purchasing  Agent— I.  O.  Rhoades,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Storekeeper— F.  W.  Taylor,  Pocatello,  Idaho. 
Supt.  Motive  Power  and  Machinery— J.  F.  Dunn,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Auditor— C.  J.  McNitt,  Salt  Lake  City. 

Superintendents— H.  W.   Henderson,  Salt   Lake   City;  E.    C.   Manson. 
Pocatello,  Idaho;  G.  H.  Olmstead,  Pocatello.  Idaho. 


BEAR    RIVER    CANYON,    ON   THE   OREGON   SHORT   I<INE. 

Master  Mechanics— D,  J.  Malone,  Pocatello,  Idaho;  W.  J.  Tollerton,  Salt 
Lake  City. 

District  Foremen— Henry  C.  Carrick,  Montpelier,  Idaho;  Sam'l  Smith, 
Lima,  Mont.;  M.  J.  Carrigan,  Glens  Ferry,  Idaho. 

Foremen  Painters— F.  C.  Mallard,  Pocatello,  Idaho;  J.  A.  Stahle,  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah. 

Supts.  Bridges  and  Build'gs— J.  A.  Weed  and  S.  M.  Bennett,  Pocatello, 
Idaho. 

Roadmasters — C.  H.  Renfro,  Montpelier,  Idaho;  H.  Byrne,  Pocatello, 
Idaho;  Con.  Connors,  Nampa,  Idaho;  J.  McEntee,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah; 
J.  Rourke,  Milford,  Utah;  F.  McGonigle,  Pocatello.Idaho;  Wm.  Picker,  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah;  H.  McGonigle,  Lima,  Mont. 

The  Short  Line  inherited  several  absorptions  previously 


THE  RAILROAD.  223 

made  by  the  Union  Pacific,  these  being  the  Utah  Central, 
Utah  Southern,  Utah  and  Northern  and  Utah  and  Nevada 
roads,  as  well  as  connecting  at  Nephi  with  the  Sanpete  Valley 
road,  besides  spurs  too  numerous  to  mention.  It  has  a  great 
loop  in  the  central  portion  of  the  State,  one  of  the  foci  being 
Salt  Lake  City,  the  other  Leamington  station,  Millard  county, 
the  circuit  comprising  a  trackage  of  some  300  miles.  From 
the  latter  point  it  proceeds  as  a  single  track  on  its  grand 
march  to  Los  Angeles  and  the  Pacific,  the  track  at  this  writ- 
ing being  some  distance  inside  the  Nevada  line  and  moving 
steadily  along.* 


SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  (CENTRAL  PACIFIC). 

As  PREVIOUSLY  set  forth  this  company  (the  Central  Pacific) 
began  as  an  individual,  unsubsidized  enterprise  and  was  work- 
ing its  slow  way  eastward  when  the  Union  Pacific  began 
turning  up  the  soil  on  the  banks  of  the  Missouri  river.  That 
it  subsequently  came  in  for  a  share  of  the  indispensable  help 
extended  by  the  Government  is  also  shown;  but  undoubtedly 
it  would  have  reached  us  later  and  then  continued  its  onward 
march  to  the  East  if  it  had  not  received  a  cent  in  the  way 
of  direct  aid  from  Uncle  Sam.  It  had  the  right  kind  of  people 
in  the  organization  to  see  to  that.  With  its  extensions,  it  now 
operates  1804  m^es  of  trackage,  besides  ferry  and  water  lines 
amounting  to  318  miles.  On  the  ist  of  April,  1885,  it  was 
leased  to  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  for  a  period  of  99 
years  and  by  the  latter  title  it  is  now  commonly  known.  The 
Central  Pacific  Railway  Co.  was  organized  under  the  laws  of 
this  State  on  July  29,  1899,  and  acquired  title  to  all  properties 
and  roads  owned  by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  Co.  Its  car 

*  The  Short  Line  system  south  of  Sandy  and  west  of  Salt  Lake  was  pur- 
chased on  July  7,  1903,  by  W.  A.  Clark,  and  immediately  became  the 
northern  division  of  the  San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  and  Salt  Lake  road,  q.  v. 


224 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


inventory  shows  177  passenger,  5  chair,  14  tourist,  10  dining, 
23  passenger  and  baggage,  52  baggage,  mail  and  express,  26 
postal,  10  business,  5  composite,  77n  freight,  325  service; 
total,  8,356.  Besides  which  the  company  owns  and  operates 
5  passenger  ferry  steamers,  2  car  transfer  steamers,  5  river 
steamers,  i  tug.  4  barges  and  2  dredges. 

The  whole  authorized  issue  of  stock  is  $20,000,000  pre- 
ferred and  $67,275,500  common.     The  officers  are: 

President,  E.  H.  Harriman Arden,  New  York 

Vice-President,  Charles  H.  Tweed : New  York 

Treasurer,  N.  F.  Smith San  Carlos,  California 

Secretary,  J.  L.  Willcut San  Francisco 

Assistant  Secretary,  David  R.  Gray Salt  Lake  City 

The  foregoing  with  H.E.Huntington,  New  York,  Thomas 

Marshall,  D.  B.  Hemp- 
stead,  J.  C.  Royle,  Salt 
LakeCiy;W.H.Chev- 
ers  and  J.  S.  Noble, 
Ogden,  Utah,  are  the 
directors.  The  Salt 
Lake  office  is  at  No. 
201  South  Main  Street. 
The  only  one  of  the 
officials,  as  will  be  ob- 
served above  (unless 
directors  can  be  so 
classed)  who  resides  in 
Salt  Lake  City  is  David 
R.  Gray,  an  excellent 
cut  of  whom  appears 
in  this  connection.  He 

DAVID  R.  GRAY.  is  also  the  general  agent 

here,    and     holds     the 

same  position  in  relation  to  the  Union  Pacific,  the  Oregon 
Short  Line  and  the  Oregon  Railway  and  Navigation  compa- 
nies, so  it  is  easy  to  determine  that  he  does  not  have  many  idle 


THE  RAILROAD.  225 

moments  on  his  hands.  He  is  a  young  man  and  a  native  of 
Ohio,  having  been  born  at  Loveland  on  October  12,  1866. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Wesleyan  University,  Delaware,  that 
State,  and  entered  the  railroad  service  in  1884,  as  a  clerk  with 
the  Pennsylvania  company,  remaining  there  till  1886,  when 
he  took  a  term  in  college,  remaining  there  until  1889.  He 
then  went  to  the  general  freight  office  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
in  San  Francisco  as  a  clerk,  and  remained  there  till  1890,  when 
he  accepted  a  position  as  contracting  and  traveling  agent  with 
headquarters  in  Salt  Lake  City,  becoming  then  general  agent 
in  1891  of  the  Southern  Pacific  company,  and  in  1901  of  the 
Harriman  system,  made  up  by  the  Union  Pacific,  Southern 
Pacific,  Oregon  Short  Line  and  Oregon  Railway  and  Navi- 
gation company  and  their  controlled  rail  aad  steamship  lines. 
In  November,  1900,  Mr.  Gray  was  married  to  Miss 
Nannie  H.  Marshall,  daughter  of  Thomas  Marshall,  attorney 
for  Southern  Pacific  company,  of  the  firm  of  Marshall 
and  Royle,  both  directors  in  the  Central  Pacific.  He 
has  been  in  the  railroad  business  so  long  that  young  as  he 
is,  he  is  entitled  to  rank  as  a  veteran;  and  having  become  a 
thorough  Salt  Laker  by  residence,  adoption  and  marriage,  he 
may  fairly  be  considered  as  uone  of  us."  He  is  undoubtedly 
in  Utah  for  good — for  his  own  good  and  the  State's  good,  and 
undoubtedly  has  a  big  and  fertile  field  in  which  to  continue 
his  useful  operations. 


RIO  GRANDE  WESTERN. 

THIS  great  system  was  originally  a  part  of  its  present 
eastern  connection,  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande,  which  was 
completed  to  Salt  Lake  City  on  March  30,  1883.  It  was  a 
narrow  gauge  and  was  so  conducted  for  several  years,  v.  hen 
the  work  of  broad-gauging  was  successfully  accomplished  and 
th«  breaking  away  occurred  soon  after.  It  is  one  of  the  best 


226 


UTAH  AS  II  IS. 


equipped,    most  expeditious  and  reliable  roads  in  the  country, 
and  part   of   its  way  is  through  scenery  which  to   one  who  is 


MAP OP THE 

RIO  GRANDE  WESTERN  RY. 

GREAT  SALT  LAKE   ROUTE 


MAP   OF   RIO    GRANDE   WESTERN   SYSTEM. 

not  familiar  with  it  is  alone  worth  the  price  of  a  trip.  It  has 
spacious  offices  and  a  goodly  corps  of  officials  in  the  Dooly 
block,  Salt  Lake  City. 

The  progress  of  the  Rio  Grande  Western  Railway,  the 
"scenic  line  of  the  world,"  has  noted  the  progress  of  the  State; 
its  enterprise  has  marked  the  enterprise  of  the  people;  its  in- 
terests and  those  of  the  people  it  serves  are  recognized  as  iden- 
tical. It  operates  in  connection  with  the  Rock  Island,  Bur- 
lington, Missouri  Pacific  and  Santa  Fe  routes.  It  operates 
throughout  the  entire  middle  portion  of  this  State,  and  is  rap- 
idly reaching  out  in  all  directions.  A  map  of  its  trackage 
appears  in  connection  herewith. 

The  principal  officers  and  all  of  them  that  are  located  in 
Utah  are  as  follows: 

George  J.  Gould,  Chairman  Board  Directors New  York  City 

E.  T.  Jeffery,  President New  York  City 

Russell  Harding,  V.  P.  and  Gen'l  Mgr St  Louis 

A.  C.  Bird,  Vice-President Chicago 

J.  M.Johnson,  Asst.  to  Vice-President Chicago 

J.  A.  Edson,  Manager Denver 

J.  W.  Gilluly,  Treasurer Denver 


THE  RAILROAD.  227 

Jesse  White,  Ass't  Treasurer New  York 

Stephen  Little,  Secretary New  York 

W.  F.  Colton,  Cash'r  and  Ass't  Sec'y Salt  Lake  City 

E.  R.  Murphy,  General  Auditor Denver 

S.  W.  Meyer,  Auditor  Disbursements Denver 

F.  M.  Dewees,  Auditor  Freight  Receipts Denver 

J.  F.  Howe,  Auditor  Passenger  Receipts Denver 

Edward  O.  Wolcott,  General  Counsel Denver 

W.  S.  Pierce,  Counsel New  York  City 

Joel  F.  Vaile,  General  Attorney Denver 

R.  Harkness,  Western  Solicitor Salt  Lake  City 

Bennett,  Sutherland,  Van  Cott  &  Allison,  Attorneys Salt  Lake  City 

J.  H.  Young,  Gen'l  Supt Salt  Lake  City 

E  H.  Williams,  Ass't  Supt.  ist  Dist Salt  Lake  City 

A.  S   Hughes,  General  Traffic  Manager Denver 

S.  H.  Babcock,  Ass't  Gen'l  Traffic  Mgr Salt  Lake 

Fred  Wild,  Jr.,  Gen'l  Freight  Agent Denver 

S.  V.  Derrah,  Ass't  Gen'l  Fr't  Agt Salt  Lake  City 


LOOP,   TINTIC  LINE,   R.   G.   W. 

S.  K.  Hooper,  Gen'l  Pass,  and  Tkt.  Agt  .. Denver 

E.  J.  Yard,  Chief  Engineer Denver 

J.  L.  Thomson,  Supervisor  Bridges  and  Building Salt  Lake  City 

John  Hickey,  Msir.  Mechanic Salt  Lake  City 

G.  F.  Cotter,  Trainmaster Salt  Lake  City 

G.  Nell,  Chief  Dispatcher Salt  Lake  City 

W.  B.  Glardon/Supt.  Telegraph Denver 

L.  F.  Jordan,  General  Storekeeper Burnham 

J.-  D.  Kenworthy,  Gen'i  Agent  Freight  Department Kansas  City 


228 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


J.  A.  Benton,  Gen'l  Agent  Passenger  Department Kansas  City 

J.  H.  Dewey,  Jr.,  Traveling  Freight  Agent Salt  Lake  City 

E.  R.  Hunt,  Traveling  Freight  Agent Ogden 

Castilla  Springs,  a  noted  pleasure  resort  and  sanitarium, 
situated  in  a  romantic  spot  in  Spanish  Fork  canyon,  is  an  adjunct 
of  the  R.  G.  W.  Here  many  people  visit  to  spend  vacations 
or  enjoy  a  temporany  relief  from  the  vexations  of  the  world, 
and  it  is  a  favorite  gathering  place  for  pleasure  parties  of 
various  kinds. 


ILLINOIS   CENTRAL. 

THERE   are   several   railroads  whose  active  operations  in 
Utah  are  through  connections,  these   being  in  every  case  so 


ILLINOIS    CENTRAL   STATION. 


THE  RAILROAD.  229 

complete  and  thorough  that  they  amount  to  everything 
required.  Each  maintains  an  office  with  a  force  of  represen- 
tatives in  this  city,  and  by  such  and  other  means  they  have 
become  quite  thoroughly  localized.  Prominent  among  these 
is  the  one  named  above,  the  Illinois  Central,  a  cut  of  whose 
magnificent  Chicago  building  appears  in  connection  herewith. 
The  Central  is  one  of  the  oldest,  staunchest  and  best  known 
of  all  the  lines  with  which  Utah  has  business  relations,  and  it 
continues  as  it  has  all  along  done,  adding  to  its  equipment  as 
occasion  requires,  improving  its  service,  and  in  all  respects 
conforming  to  the  changing  conditions  wrought  by  the  en- 
hanced population  and  extended  development  of  the  country. 
It  has  the  enormous  trackage  of  5500  miles,  reaching  to  South 
Dakota,  Minnesota,  Nebraska,  Iowa,  Indiana,  Kentucky,  Wis- 
consin, Tennessee,  Arkansas,  Mississippi  and  Louisiana,  be- 
sides, as  its  name  implies,  making  the  complete  circuit  of  its 
own  State,  Illinois.  Its  Salt  Lake  office  is  at  75  west,  Second 
South  street,  and  is  presided  over  in  a  very  effective  and  aff- 
able way  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Foley. 

The   general  officers  of  the  company  otherwise  are  as 
follows: 

Stuyvesant  Fish,  President New  York 

John  C.  Welling,  Vice- President Chicago 

J.  T.  Harahan,  Vice-President Chicago 

A.  G.  Hackstaff,  Vice-President  and  Secretary New  York 

I.  G   Rawn,  Assistant  to  the  Second  Vice-President, Chicago,  111. 

W.  G.  Bruen,  Assistant  Secretary Chicago 

C.  H.  Wenman,  Assistant  Secretary New  York 

J.  M.  Dickingson,  General  Counsel, Chicago,  111. 

T.  J.  Hudson,  Traffic  Manager,  Chicago,  111. 

F.  B.  Bowes,  Assistant  Traffic  Manager,  Chicago,  111. 

A.  H.  Hanson,  General  Passenger  Agent, Chicago,  111. 

W.  E.  Keepers,  Gen.  Fht   Agt.  No.  &  West.  Lines... Chicago,  111. 

H.  G.  Powell,  Traveling  Freight  and  Passenger  Agent Salt  Lake  City 

G.  M.  Fraser,  Chief  Clerk Salt  Lake  City 

The  general    commercial   agent  of   the  company,  Mr.  J. 
A.  Foley,  is  one  of  the  youngest  men  in  the  service  and  there 


230  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

are  few  if  any  younger  in  any  service  who  hold  such  re- 
sponsible stations.  He  was 
born  in  Ottawa,  Illinois,  on 
the  8th  of  January,  1877.  He 
went  to  the  common  schools 
of  his  neighborhood  up  to 
the  age  of  fifteen  years,  then 
went  to  the  high  school  for 
two  years,  after  which  he 
went  to  work  for  the  Rock 
Island  road,  with  which  he 
remained  two  years.  He  then 
entered  the  service  of  the 
Northwestern  in  Chicago, 
where  he  stayed  one  year, 
and  then  engaged  with  the 

Central  with   which    he  has 
j.  A.  FOUJY.  •.£»'• 

been    ever    since.     Coming 

to  Salt  Lake  City  on  September  i,  1902,  he  took  charge  of 
the  office  here  as  general  agent.  He  is  a  fair  example  of 
what  can  be  done  by  the  American  youth  by  attention  to 
business  along  with  sterling  merit  and  persistent  endeavor; 
his  beginning  in  the  railway  service  was  as  stenographer,  type- 
writer and  telegraph  operator.  He  is  a  good  citizen  and 
works  for  a  good  company. 

The  business  transactions  of  the  Illinois  Central  in  Utah 
and  the  surrounding  territory  amount  to  a  stupendous  figure 
every  year  and,  like  everything  else,  they  are  growing  and 
expanding  at  a  wonderful  rate.  The  story  of  these  great  en- 
terprises is  a  part  and  parcel  of  the  story  of  Utah  and  as  such 
is  entitled  to  the  fullest  possible  mention. 


SALT  LAKE  AND  LOS  ANGELES. 

THIS  road  has  so  far  not  made  any  practical  headway  in 
the  direction  of  Los   Angeles,   having  in  fact  got  no  further 


THE  RAILROAD.  231 

than  Saltair,  some  thirteen  miles  straight  west  from  Salt 
Lake  City,  but  this  is  an  elegant  stopping  place  for  the 
time  being,  as  many  thousands  of  people  here  and  elsewhere 
will  cheerfully  testify.  The  road  was  begun  on  September 
25,  1891,  and  finished  in  the  fall  of  1892.  After  covering  the 
mainland  the  train  runs  over  a  track  constructed  on  piles  a 
distance  of  4000  feet  into  the  lake,  where  the  pavilion  is  reached, 
the  various  buildings  of  which  form  a  symmetrical  group,  with 
a  large  central  structure  connected  with  long  tapering  piers 
at  each  end,  curving  toward  the  lake  and  surmounted  by  large, 
airy  observatories.  The  architecture  is  after  the  Moorish 
style  and  the  general  effect  is  quite  attractive.  The  pavilion 
was  built  at  a  cost  of  over  $350,000  and  was  opened  to  the 
public  July  Fourth,  1893. 

The  magnitude  of  this  great  structure  can  be  appreciated 
only  when  one  has  seen  it.  In  length  it  is  1200  feet,  while 
the  extreme  width  is  355  feet.  The  top  of  the  main  tower  is 
130  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  water.  The  lower  floor  is 
used  principally  for  an  immense  lunch  and  refreshment  bowery, 
it  being  provided  with  large  tables  and  seats  enough  to  ac- 
commodate over  a  thousand  people  at  one  time.  The  upper 
floor  of  the  main  building  is  used  for  dancing,  and  is  one  of 
the  largest  dancing  floors  in  the  world,  its  dimensions  being 
140x250  feet  of  clear  floor  without  a  pillar  or  obstruction  of 
any  kind.  A  thousand  couples  dancing  at  one  time  is  a  fre- 
quent sight  to  be  witnessed  at  this  resort.  The  dancing  floor 
is  covered  with  a  dome-shaped  roof  constructed  after  the  plan 
of  that  covering  the  Salt  Lake  Tabernacle.  On  the  semi- 
circular piers  which  flank  the  central  pavilion  are  720  bath 
rooms,  every  one  of  which  is  provided  with  a  first  class  toilet 
and  shower  bath.  The  bathing  appointments  are  excellent. 

At  night  the  pavilion  is  brilliantly  illuminated  by  means 
of  its  own  electric  light  plant,  there  being  1250  incandescent 
and  40  ordinary  arc  lights,  with  one  arc  light  of  2000  candle 
power  surmounting  the  main  tower.  This  immense  structure 
is  supported  by  2500  piles,  each  ten  inches  in  square  cross 


232  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

section,  which  are  driven  fourteen  feet  into  the  lake  bottom 
and  owing  to  the  peculiar  nature  of  the  formation  the  piles 
are  of  unusual  stability.  It  was  begun  on  February  i,  1893, 
and  completed  on  the  soth  of  June  following.  The  Saltair 
officers  are  Joseph  F.  Smith,  president;  John  Henry  Smith, 
vice-president;  William  McMillan,  secretary  and  treasurer; 
J.  E.  Langford,  general  manager.  The  officers  of  the  rail- 
way are  the  same  excepting  as  to  the  vice-presidency,  this 
being  held  by  James  Jack. 


THE  NARROW  GAUGES. 

UTAH  has  had  its  full  quota  of  narrow  gauge  roads,  all  of 
which  have  now  passed  into  history,  having  been  either  broad- 
ened into  standard  gauge  or  abandoned  altogether.  Of  the 
former  the  most  consequential  was  of  course  the  D.  &  R.  G.; 
next  was  the  Utah  and  Northern.  This  company  was  organ- 
ized on  August  23,  1871,  with  John  W.  Young,  president  and 
Wm.  B.  Preston,  vice-president.  It  was  constructed  under 
great  difficulties  and  made  slow  advancement.  Finally  it  was 
absorbed  by  Jay  Gould  and  made  part  of  the  O.  S.  L.  system. 
The  next  narrow  road  was  the  Utah  and  Nevada,  which  was 
begun  in  April,  1873.  and  pushed  along  without  much  imped- 
iment until  it  reached  a  great  ridge  between  Tooele  and 
Stockton,  and  there  the  terminus  was  established  and  remained 
until  superseded  by  the  Leamington  cut-off,  or  western  side 
of  the  O.  S.  L.  loop,  early  in  July,  1903.  Other  roads  of  like 
gauge  were  the  Sanpete  Valley,  which  has  been  a  standard 
gauge  for  several  years;  the  American  Fork  Canyon,  the 
Wasatch  and  Jordan  Valley  (operating  between  Sandy  and 
Little  Cottonwood  Canyon),  and  the  Bingham  Canyon  roads. 
The  first  two  were  long  since  discontinued,  and  the  latter  for 
several  years  has  been  a  broad  gauge  and  part  of  the  Rio 
Grande  system.  There  was  also  another  Utah  Central  oper- 
ating between  Salt  Lake  City  and  Park  City,  which  took  up 


THE  RAILROAD. 


233 


the  name  when  the  pioneer  road  became  part  of  the  Short 
Line,  and  which  was  also  in  the  narrow  gauge  class  until  pur- 
chased by  the  Rio  Grande  a  few  years  ago,  when  it  was  im- 
mediately widened  out  and  otherwise  improved. 


SAI/TAIR    BEACH    PAVILION. 


SAN  PEDRO,  LOS  ANGELES  AND  SALT  LAKE. 

THIS  great  enterprise,  being  the  latest  organization  of  the 
kind  having  practical  operation  in  Utah,  has  previously  been 
referred  to  herein.  So  recent,  in  fact,  has  been  its  culmina- 
tion that  it  required  some  little  adroitness  as  well  as  recasting 
of  work  to  make  this  sketch  in  this  place  possible.  The 
trouble  and  loss,  however,  are  well  compensated  for  in  the 
fact  that  the  enterprise  is  a  grand  one  and  means  a  great 
stride  forward  for  the  subject  in  chief  to  which  this  volume  is 
devoted — Utah.  As  stated,  the  road  south  and  west  of  Salt 
Lake  is  what  was  formerly  the  Oregon  Short  Line,  this  being 
the  successor  of  one  of  the  pioneer  roads,  the  Utah  Southern, 
the  change  of  ownership  from  the  Short  Line  to  the  San 
Pedro,  Los  Angeles  and  Salt  Lake  Railroad  (known  as  the 

1Q 


234  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

Salt  Lake  Route)  taking  place  at  midnight  on  July  7,  1903, 
when  the  trackage  with  its  equipment  and  franchises  was 
taken  over  by  Senator  W.  A..  Clark  of  Montana,  the  man  to 
whom  all  eyes  had  been  turned  for  a  long  time  previously. 

The  two  routes  from  Salt  Lake  to  Lynn  Junction,  Millard 
County,  nearly  describe  a  cypher.  From  Salt  Lake  south 
to  Juab  and  from  Salt  Lake  westerly  to  the  west  side  of  the 
Oquirrh  range  the  Salt  Lake  route  proceeds;  at  Juab  the  trend 
takes  a  short,  sharp  curve  to  the  west,  that  from  the  range 
switching  from  west  to  south,  and  thus  the  two  tracks  pro- 
ceed until  they  unite  at  Lynn  Junction,  five  miles  south  of 
Leamington  station,  from  which  point  on  the  track  is  single 
and  at  this  time  has  no  deflection  excepting  a  sixteen  mile 
spur  to  Frisco  and  numerous  switches  of  more  or  less  conse- 
quence. 

The  road  is  all  new,  the  work  of  but  a  few  years  past, 
from  Milford,  the  junction  of  the  spur  to  Frisco,  on  to 
Calientes,  Nevada.  This  station  is  but  a  few  miles  within 
the  Nevada  line  and  for  the  present  is  the  nearest  point  to 
Pioche,  that  once  and  doubtless  again  to  be  great  mining 
town,  which  is  distant  some  thirty  miles  to  the  north.  The 
survey  from  Calientes  on  for  some  two  hundred  miles  is 
across  a  stretch  of  desert  country  well  sprinkled  with  oases 
and  follows  for  the  most  part  the  old  Mormon  road  to  San 
Bernardino,  over  which  most  of  the  traffic  California  ward  in 
the  early  days  was  carried  on.  and  the  road  will  be  contigu- 
ous to  if  it  does  not  actually  reach  miny  of  the  mining  dis- 
tricts already  established  as  well  as  the  numerous  ones  yet  to 
be  organized  and  still  others  not  yet  discovered.  The  whole 
of  this  stretch  is  historic,  but  the  history  of  much  of  it  has 
never  been  written,  while  portions  might  as  well  not  have 
been,  relating  as  it  does  to  periods  away  back  in  the  mists 
of  antiquity  and  having  been  recorded  in  fanciful  hieroglyph- 
ics on  the  adamantine  breasts  of  ridges  and  cliffs,  these  being 
quite  numerous  in  places  along  the  road.  The  inevitable 
Mormon,  with  his  gregarious  instincts,  unflagging  industry 


THE  RAILROAD.  235 

and  unfailing  hospitality,  is  very  much  in  evidence,  holding 
the  fort  against  surrounding  sterility  and  maintaining  the 
foundations  of  what  will  doubtless  some  day  prove  to  be 
populous  towns  along  the  line  of  and  good  feeders  for  the 
San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  and  Salt  Lake  Railway. 

Goodsprings,  one  hundred  and  sixty-one  miles  from 
Calientes,  will  probably  have  been  reached  by  the  time  this 
book  appears.  It  is  the  first  point  on  the  line  where  much 
mining  has  been  done,  and  where  it  is  evident  much  more 
will  be  done  as  soon  as  the  railroad  is  ready  for  business. 
Not  many  miles  from  Goodsprings  is  the  famous  old  Potosi 
mine,  in  the  past  a  phenomenally  rich  lead  property,  where 
the  Mormons  got  their  supply  of  lead  to  make  bullets  of,  and 
before  them  the  Indians  kept  themselves  stocked  from  it. 
The  Keystone,  a  gold  property,  employing  several  men,  is 
within  a  few  miles  across  the  range.  This  mine  has  a  mill 
and  a  cynanide  plant  a  few  miles  further  down  the  valley,  and 
has  been  taking  out  about  $1000  a  day. 

The  late  Allen  G.  Campbell,  one  of  the  best  known  of 
Salt  Lake's  mining  men,  left  among  his  assets  some  thirty- 
eight  patented  claims  in  the  district,  and  he  regarded  them  as 
very  valuable.  An  extended  mention  might  be  made  of  such 
features,  but  it  is  unnecessary. 

At  the  other  end  there  is  also  considerable  activity,  the 
road  reaching  out  to  the  Nevada  line  with  a  steadiness  in- 
dicating an  early  closing  of  the  gap  between  the  present 
terminii,  an  event  which  no  longer  means  a  matter  of  years 
but  of  months,  and  not  very  many  of  them  at  that.  The  Los 
Angeles  division  is  now  being  operated  for  a  distance  of  about 
one  hundred  miles  from  San  Pedro,  the  Pacific  coast  terminus, 
and  it  is  in  all  respects  an  excellent  piece  of  work,  the  rails 
being  seventy-five  pound  steel  with  patent  continuous  joints, 
while  its  equipment  is  Pullman  built  and  fully  equal  if  not 
superior  to  any  in  the  country.  The  cars  are  superb  in  all 
their  appointments,  having  large  plate  glass  windows  nearly 
five  feet  wide,  the  largest  ever  placed  in  a  car,  thus  afford- 


236  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

ing  an  unobstructed  view  of  the  beautiful  scenery  on  the  line  of 
this  new  route.  No  charge  is  made  for  seats  in  these 
cars. 

The  distance  from  Salt  Lake  to  Los  Angeles  by  the 
road  will  be  about  seven  hundred  and  twenty-two  miles. 
Speaking  of  the  traffic  which  will  be  opened  up  between 
those  two  great  points,  a  writer  in  one  of  the  papers  observes 
that  the  importance  of  this  new  road  is  not  half  understood 
by  the  residents  of  Salt  Lake.  It  means  taking  the  train  in 
the  evening  and  arriving  in  Los  Angeles  the  following  even- 
ing, or  twenty-four  hours  from  the  time  of  starting,  and  with 
the  completion  of  the  Moffat  road  from  Denver  to  Salt  Lake, 
only  about  four  days  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  seaboard. 
Will  it  be  detrimental  to  the  other  railroads?  It  is  not 
thought  so  by  those  who  have  given  the  subject  much  study. 
There  will  be  an  increase  of  business  and  many  of  those 
traveling  over  this  route  going  west  will  return  east  over 
some  other  system. 

The  writer  becomes  enthusiastic,  declaring  that  the  im- 
portance of  the  new  road  to  Salt  Lake  is  not  even  yet  dream- 
ed of  and  may  not  be  realized  until  it  is  in  actual  operation, 
when  its  people  will  wake  up  some  day  and  find  that  they 
have  here  a  metropolis  second  to  none  west  of  the  Missouri 
river,  with  a  climate  and  other  natural  advantages  superior  to 
them  all,  and  then  they  will  wonder  why  they  didn't  see  it  be- 
fore and  profit  by  it. 


THE  BURLINGTON. 

THIS  great  system  is  another  of  those  whose  Utah  traffic 
is  through  connections,  these  being  so  systematic  in  detail 
and  perfect  in  execution,  that  no  lapses  ever  occur. 


THE  RAILROAD. 


237 


The  system  has  its  terminus  at  Chicago,  and  from  that 
city  extends  northwest  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  southerly  to  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  westerly  to  Billings.  Mont,  Guernsey  and  Chey- 
enne, Wyoming,  and  to  Denver,  Colo.,  from  the  latter  point 
reaching  Salt  Lake  City  over  the  lines  of  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  and  Rio  Grande  Western  railways. 

This  system  holds  the  world's  record  for  long  distance 
fast  running,  having  on  February  17,  1897,  run  a  special  train 
from  Chicago  to  Denver, 
1025  miles,  in  1047  min- 
utes, an  unparalleled  feat  in 
the  history  of  railroads.  Its 
lines  traverse  elven  States  of 
the  Union  and  it  controls 
and  operates  8432  miles  of 
road.  It  employs  38,000 
men  and  has  1300  cities  and 
towns  with  an  aggregate 
population  of  7,200,000  souls 
located  on  its  lines;  it  owns 
1275  engines,  750  passen- 
ger coaches  and  44,555 
freight  cars. 

The  Salt  Lake  City  office 
of  the  company  is  located 
at  No.  79  West  Second  South 
street  and  represented  by  RICHARD  F.  NHSMW. 

Mr.  Richard  F.  Neslen,  a  Utah  boy  who  has  worked  his  way 
up  from  the  bottom  by  faithful  application  and  strict  attention  to 
business.  He  was  born  in  Salt  Lake  City  in  June,  1869. 
Began  railway  work  in  1885  as  messenger  boy  with  the  Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande,  where  he  remained  until  August,  1888, 
then  accepted  a  position  with  the  Burlington  as  clerk.  He 
was  advanced  from  one  post  to  another  until  finally,  in  May, 
1900,  he  was  appointed  to  his  present  position,  that  of  Gen- 


238  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

eral  Agent.     He    is  a  thoroughly  efficient  and  popular  offi- 
cial. 


SALT  LAKE  AND  MERCUR. 

THIS  is  one  of  the  roads  illustrating  the  difficulties  and 
peculiarities  of  railway  building  in  the  mountainous  districts 
of  the  West.  The  roadbed  is  almost  twice  as  long  as  the  air- 
line distance  between  the  terminal  points,  these  being  Fair- 
field  in  Utah  County  and  Mercur,  the  Johannesburg  of  Utah, 
in  Tooele  County,  the  distance  first  mentioned  being  fourteen, 
the  other  nine  miles.  Necessarily  the  track  is  as  crooked  as 
a  corkscrew  and  the  general  view  spectacular  to  a  degree. 

The  road  owes  its  beginning  and  finish  to  Joseph  G. 
Jacobs,  one  of  Utah's  go-ahead  and  do-something  citizens,  al- 
though a  native  of  Ohio.  He  reached  Utah  in  1890,  where 
he  has  been  putting  in  good  time  ever  since.  The  line  which 
connects  Mercur  with  the  world  was  commenced  Sept.  i, 
1894,  and  finished  Feb.  20,  1895.  It  is  one  of  the  best  paying 
roads  in  the  country,  all  things  considered,  and  one  of  the 
most  altitudinous,  its  climb  from  the  valley  to  the  heights 
.being  1986  feet. 


SALT  LAKE  AND  OGDEN. 

THIS  railroad  company  was  incorporated  on  March  i7th 
1896  and  construction  as  far  as  Farmington  was  pushed  along 
without  unnecessary  hitching.  At  this  point  is  Lagoon,  the 
noted  summer  resort,  one  of  the  handsomest,  most  commod- 
ious and  best  patronized  places  in  the  entire  West  if  not  in  the 
whole  country.  A  fine  picture  accompanies  this  sketch,  and 
while  at  does  not  do  the  subject  justice  it  comes  as  near  it  as 
such  a  thing  can  be  done  on  paper.  It  is  fifteen  and  a  half 


THE  RAILROAD. 


239 


miles  from  Salt  Lake  City  and  during  the  warm  weather 
open-car  trains  are  run  almost  continuously,  so  that  going  and 
coming  are  matters  of  easy  convenience.  John  S.  Critchlow 
is  President  and  Manager. 

As  this  is    written  the   track  is   reaching  out    toward  its 


LAGOON   RESORT. 


northern    terminus,   Ogden,    three    and  a  half  miles  of  track, 
taking  it  to  Kaysville,  being  under  construction. 


SALT  LAKE  CITY  RAILWAY  CO. 

BEFORE  closing  this  chapter  it  is  proper  to  pay  some  at- 
tention to  the  street  railway  systems,  which  so  far  are  included 
in  but  two  cities,  Salt  Lake  and  Ogden.  Both  have  previous- 
ly been  referred  to  briefly  and  are  entitled  to  elaborate  mention. 


240  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

That  of  Salt  Lake  City  is  unquestionably  one  of  the  most 
comprehensive  and  extensive  of  that  of  any  city  of  similar 
proportions  in  the  world.  It  has  eighty  miles  of  trackage, 
covering  all  the  principal  streets  and  thoroughly  gridironing 
the  central  portions  of  the  city,  reaching  all  points  of  interest 
historical  and  otherwise.  During  the  pleasant  season  com- 
prising the  greater  portion  of  the  year,  special  observation 
cars,  which  are  commodious  and  well  appointed,  attended  by 
experienced  guides  and  lecturers,  ply  throughout  the  city  tak- 
ing in  all  places  that  tourists  and  others  have  any  desire  to 
see,  and  embracing  points  of  view  ot  the  surrounding  country 
that  are  equal  to  any  to  be  had  anywhere.  Cars  run  from 
the  earliest  dawn  till  the  latest  hour  at  which  people  are  mov- 
ing, meaning  nearly  all  the  time,  and  the  service  during  the 
busier  parts  of  the  day  is  rapid  and  continuous. 

The  Consolidated  Railway  and  Power  Co.  is  the  union 
of  four  companies  which  was  effected  in  October,  1901. 
Notwithstanding  this,  the  fares  have  not  been  raised,  and  for 
five  cents  one  can  travel  further  and  more  pleasurably  than 
anywhere  else  in  the  country.  The  officers  are  C.  L.  Read. 
President;  W.  P.  Read,  Vice-President  and  General  Mgr; 
Joseph  S.  Wells,  Secy,  and  Treasurer;  A,  W.  McCune, 
Director;  C.  V.  McCune,  Director. 


SCHOOLS  AND  SCHOOLING. 


RISE,  PROGRESS  AND  PRESENT   PROPORTIONS 
OF  OUR  EDUCATIONAL  SYSTEM. 

FROM  the  little  log  schoolhouse  of  one  poorly  furnished 
room  to  the  educational  advantages  prevailing  in  Utah  to- 
day is  a  giant  stride  ;from  conditions  as  primitive  as  any  that  ever 
imparted  th^  rudiments  of  learning  to  the  youthful  mind  to  a 
scholastic  system  equal  to  any  and  superior  to  many  in  this 
land  of  education  is  a  transformation  so  great  that  only  those 
who  have  witnessed  the  various  stages  of  development  can  at 
all  appreciate  it,  and  not  all  of  these  perfectly.  Fro  ma  state 
of  poverty  so  pronounced  that  nothing  could  be  drawn  from 
the  public  funds  for  school  maintenance  to  so  opulent  a  con- 
dition that  but  one  State  in  the  Union  (Nevada)  spends  more 
per  capita,  and  it  but  a  few  cents  more,  is  a  story  at  once  grati- 
fying, instructive  and  impressive.  The  amount  spent  on  each 
pupil  is  of  course  much  more;  in  1902  the  expenditure  per 
capita  of  the  population  was  $5.20  and  of  the  pupils  $19.10, 
the  total  attendance  being  76,446  and  the  payments  $1,459,- 
466.06. 

The  accompanying  cut  illustrates  primitive  and  present 
conditions  at  a  glance,  showing  the  little  log  schoolhouse  of 
early  days  and  the  splendid,  capacious  and  modern  establish- 
ment now  in  vogue.  It  tells  a  story  of  its  own. 

As  in  every  other  department,  but  a  fev.  of  the  institu- 
tions of  learning  can  be  given  elaborate  mention,  and  these 
leading  ones  illustrative  of  the  whole.  Most  of  the  others, 


SCHOOLS  AND  SCHOOLING.  243 

however,  as  the  University  of  Utah  and  Agricultural  College, 
receive  considerable  mention  of  a  desultory  character  in  other 
chapters. 


THE  BRIGHAM  YOUNG  ACADEMY. 

BRIGHAM  YOUNG  never  left  a  nobler  monument  to  his 
memory  than  when  he  founded  the  Academy  at  Provo.  But 
it  is  doubtful  whether  this  event  in  his  life  would  be  so  con- 
spicuous today,  were  it  not  that  he  choee  Dr.  Karl  G.  Maeser 
to  fashion  the  school  and  give  it  the  impress  of  his  peculiar 
educational  genius.  To  these  two  men,  Brigham  Young  the 
founder  and  Karl  G.  Maeser  the  builder,  the  people  of  the 
West  owe  a  debt  of  gratitude  which  grows  in  geometrical 
ratio  as  the  years  advance  and  the  institution  unfolds  its  use- 
fulness according  to  their  wise  planning. 

Dr.  Maeser  was  born  on  the  i6th  of  January,  1828,  in 
Meissen,  Germany,  and  graduated  from  the  Dresden  Nor- 
mal College  in  May,  1848.  He  reached  Salt  Lake  City  in 
the  fall  of  1860. 

His  first  school  was  in  the  i5th  ward.  "I  began  teach- 
ing," he  wrote  to  a  friend,  "under  conditions  so  primitive  that 
teachers  of  today  can  have  no  conception  of  them."  The 
salaries  of  teachers  nowadays  are  generally  drawn  on  a  bank; 
then  they  were  drawn  for  the  most  part  on  a  wheelbarrow. 

In  the  latter  part  of  this  epoch,  he  created  and  conduct- 
ed the  first  Normal  department  of  the  University  of  Utah. 
The  crowning  work  of  his  life  began  when  he  was  appointed 
principal  of  the  Brigham  Young  Academy.  The  institution 
was  founded  October  16,  1876.  It  began  its  labors  in  what 
was  known  as  the  Lewis  Hall,  at  the  corner  of  Center  and 
Third  West  streets.  The  first  floor,  consisting  of  five  rooms, 
had  been  built  for  commercial  purposes,  the  second  to  serve 
as  an  opera  house  and  with  some  changes  served  for  nine 


SCHOOLS  AND  SCHOOLING.  245 

years.  Six  months  later,  on  the  night  of  January  24,  1884, 
the  entire  structure  was  destroyed  by  fire. 

It  had  been  President  Young's  intention  to  endow  the 
school  liberally  for  its  future  work,  and  the  papers  necessary 
to  this  end  had  been  drawn  up  ready  for  his  signature.  Death, 
however,  cut  short  his  good  intentions;  so  that,  aside  from  a 
little  real  estate  in  Provo,  the  school  had  no  other  resources 
than  its  own  good  name,  after  the  fire.  It  was  literally  with- 
out a  home  and  without  the  means  to  rent,  buy  or  build;  for 
no  insurance  had  been  carried  on  the  building  just  reduced  to 
ashes.  On  that  memorable  morning  four  hundred  students, 
many  with  booksacks  in  hand,  collected  only  to  gaze  on  the 
blackened  ruins.  Should  they  go  home?  What  could  be  done 
for  a  homeless  school  in  the  dead  of  winter?  The  sequel 
proves  what  may  be  accomplished  by  a  wide-awake  board. 
Temporary  quarters  were  obtained,  where  the  school  remain- 
ed for  six  years. 

But  a  new  building,  begun  on  a  slender  hope,  was  near- 
ing  completion.  That  the  work  did  not  stop  when  this  hope 
failed,  must  ever  stand  to  the  honor  of  the  board,  the  mem- 
bers of  which  pledged  their  private  property  that  the  institu- 
tion might  have  quarters  adequate  to  its  needs;  and  on  Mon- 
day, January  3,  1892,  the  faculty  and  students  took  a  solemn 
farewell  of  the  old  quarters  near  the  depot  and  marched  to 
their  new  temple  of  learning,  where  the  Presidency  of  the 
Church,  the  Governor  and  other  prominent  visitors  from  all 
parts  of  the  Territory  had  assembled  to  take  part  in  the  dedi- 
cation services. 

Dr.  Maeser  came  to  Provo  in  obedience  to  a  call  from 
President  Brigham  Young.  He  had  no  other  idea  to  guide 
him  in  creating  the  institution  than  the  general  notion  that  the 
whole  man  is  to  be  educated;  the  social,  moral  and  spiritual, 
as  well  as  the  intellectual.  He  opened  the  school  with  twenty- 
nine  students  and  himself  as  the  sole  teacher.  Dr.  M.  H. 
Hardy  was  his  first  assistant.  Gradually  the  school  grew  so 
as  to  include  the  instruction  now  covered  by  the  eight  grad 


246 


U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 


and  portions  of  the  high  school,  including  theory  and  practice 
of  teaching;  but  the  growth  of  secondary  and  higher  instruc- 
tion was  slow,  principally  because  the  general  poverty  of  the 
people  made  proper  preparatory  schools  elsewhere  impos- 
sible. 

Financially,  the  Academy  may  be  said  to  have  sprung  up 
out  of  the  native  soil.     Think  of  an   institution   of   secondary 

training  supporting  its  teach- 
ers and  paying  for  furniture, 
supplies  and  other  current 
expenses  out  of  tuition;  and 
this,  too,  at  a  time  when  the 
desire  for  higher  education 
had  largely  to  be  created! 
Yet  under  just  such  ordeals 
of  self-sacrifice  did  Dr.  Mae- 
ser  and  his  co-laborers  bring 
the  institution  forward  and 
upward  for  fifteen  years. 

The  first  factor  in  rem- 
edying a  number  of  evils 
was  of  course  the  erection 
of  the  new  building,  which 
provided  adequate  class- 
room and  other  accommo- 
dations; the  second  was  the 
financial  support  rendered  by 
the  Church,  whereby  the 
teaching  force  was  augmented  and  the  Normal  courses  were 
made  free;  and  the  third  was  the  establishment  of  tour  year 
courses — since  increased  to  seven  year — leading  to  a  degree. 
Space  will  not  permit  extended  mention  of  many  other  note- 
worthy features  of  the  new  epoch,  inaugurated  by  Dr. 
Maeser's  able  successor,  President  Benjamin  Cluff,  ]r.,  who 
took  charge  of  the  institution  in  1892.  The  commercial 
courses  were  segregated  and  in  due  time  developed  into  a  fully 


BENJAMIN   CI<UFF,  JR. 


SCHOOLS  AND  SCHOOLING.  247 

equipped  commercial  college.  With  the  offering  of  degrees 
came  class  organizations  and  the  development  of  class  patriot- 
ism. The  same  circumstance  led  to  the  inaugural  of  the 
Alumni  association,  which  promises  to  become  a  strong 
educational  support. 

The  progressive  growth  of  the  school  may  be  partly 
estimated  by  the  following  statistics  of  enrollment:  In  the 
preliminary  term,  April-June,  1876,  there  were  in  all  59  stu- 
dents; in  1876-7,  272  students;  in  1881-2,  464  students;  in 
1886-7,  333  students;  in  1889-90,  484  students;  in  1892-3, 
1219  students;  in  1895-6,  951  students;  in  1897-8,  914  stud- 
ents; in  1898-9,  971  students;  in  1899-1900,  1075  students; 
and  in  1901-2,  147.5  students.  The  attendance  during  the 
year  1902-1903,  was  1622,  including  the  Beaver  Branch,  in 
which  number  were  students  from  almost  every  State  and 
Territory  in  the  West. 

Naturally  the  teaching  force  has  been  augmented  in  a 
like  ratio,  these,  for  the  most  part,  representing  men  and 
women  who,  after  graduating  from  the  normal  courses  offered 
by  the  Academy,  have  taken  post-graduate  courses  in  east- 
ern and  western  universities.  Thoroughly  imbued  as  they 
were  with  the  spirit  of  the  Academy  while  students,  they 
work  together  now  in  complete  harmony  as  a  faculty;  and 
the  new  ideas  they  gained  from  study  in  other  institutions, 
help  to  invigorate  and  differentiate  their  methods  to  the 
great  advantage  ot  the  school.  It  is,  moreover,  the 
policy  of  the  institution  to  keep  a  certain  number  of  its 
teachers  constantly  abroad  as  students,  to  the  end  that  it  may 
keep  in  touch  with  the  foremost  educational  thought  of  the 
age. 

Following  are  the  faculty:  Benjamin  Cluff,  Jr.,  Nels  L. 
Nelson,  Jos.  B.  Keeler,  George  H.  Brimhall,  O.  W.  Andelin, 
Christina  D.  Young,  Alice  Reynolds,  Edwin  S.  Hinckley, 
Edward  H.  Holt,  Ernest  D.  Partridge,  Aretta  Young,  James 
L.  Brown,  Anthon  C.  Lund,  Thomas  S.  Court,  John  C. 
Swenson,  Josiah  E.  Hickman,  Frederick  G.  Warnick,  George 


248  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

M.  Cope,  Ida  S.  Dusenberry,  Emma  S.  Simons,  Albert  Mil- 
ler, Edwin  H.  Smart,  Claire  W.  Reid,  Orin  W.  Jarvis,  Joseph 
Adams,  Thomas  W.  Smith,  Sarah  E.  Preston,  Walter  Cluff, 
Ella  Larson,  Susa  A.  Talmage,  Lydia  Schramm,  Zella  Bal- 
lard,  Effie  Howe,  Louissa  W.  Jones,  Warren  A.  Colton,  Earl 
J.  Glade,  Lucile  Young,  Charles  E.  Maw,  May  Ward, 
Edward  H.  Eastmond,  Orson  G.  Campbell,  John  E.  Hayes, 
Wm.  H.  Boyle,  Jennie  Stewart,  John  Foote,  Alfred  Osmond, 
Judge  John  E.  Booth. 

The  Missionary  School  is  a  department  added  three  years 
ago.  Its  special  purpose  is  to  fit  young  men  and  women  to 
preach  the  Gospel  intelligently  and  effectively.  The  enroll- 
ment is  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  students  each  year,  most 
of  whom  leave  the  schoolroom  for  the  missionary  field. 

The  College,  or  department  devoted  to  university  work, 
is  as  yet  in  its  infancy,  but  growing  rapidly.  The  degree  of 
bachelor  of  pedagogy  was  conferred  for  the  first  time  in  1893, 
since  which  time  the  degrees  of  bachelor  of  science  and  bach- 
elor of  letters  have  been  added,  but  the  graduates  have  not 
been  numerous.  There  is,  however,  an  excellent  field  for 
one  great  Church  university,  and  should  the  Academy  be 
chosen  for  this  place,  as  its  unexampled  facilities  would  seem 
to  point  out  that  it  should  be^  it  will  not  take  long  for  the 
superstructure  of  the  school  to  be  fully  worthy  of  its  founda- 
tions. In  conclusion  it  may  be  said  that  the  mission  of  the 
Academy  is  pre-eminently  an  ethical  one.  There  are  schools 
without  number  which  devote  themselves  to  intellectual  devel- 
opment and  technical  training  in  the  arts  of  civilization.  The 
Academy  by  no  means  neglects  these  aspects;  but  its  first  and 
foremost  purpose  is  to  develop  in  its  students  those  moral 
qualities  which  collectively  may  be  called  CHARACTER — qual- 
ities that  make  up  the  back-bone  of  a  virile,  manhood  and 
womanhood.  Its  definition  of  a  true  education  is  not  merely 
scholarship — which,  too  often,  is  an  artificial,  unrelated  thing 
— but  ability  to  do  the  things  that  need  to  be  done  in  this 
world,  accompanied  by  an  unflinching  integrity  in  the  doing 


SCHOOLS  AND  SCHOOLING.  249 

of  them.  In  the  pursuit  of  this  end  it  has  found  that  the  only 
safe  and  enduring  foundation  is  religion — the  establishment  of 
a  living  spiritual  relationship  between  the  man  and  his  Father 
in  heaven — one  that  shall  be  a  daily  and  hourly  monitor  to 
guide  and  restrain  his  every  thought  and  act*  This  funda- 
mental principal  of  instruction  may  be  called  the  ruling  ge- 
nius of  the  school — a  legacy  from  Dr.  Karl  G.  Maeser,  to 
which  it  has  ever  been  true  and  one  on  which  its  future 
greatness  depends. 


LATTER-DAY  SAINTS  UNIVERSITY. 

THIS  institution  at  present  (1903)  occupies  six  buildings, 
namely,  the  Business  College,  erected  1901;  Barratt  Hall, 
1902;  the  Brigham  Young  Memorial,  1903.  These  are  the 
buildings  shown  in  the  illustrations.  Three  other  buildings 
-the  Social  Hall  and  Lion  House,  of  historic  note,  and  the 
Gymnasium  at  the  rear  of  Barratt  Hall,  are  used  respectively 
for  chemical  laboratory,  industrial  and  domestic  arts,  and  ath- 
letic training. 

The  new  buildings  are  situated  from  60  to  100  North 
Main  Street,  facing  the  Temple;  and  it  is  the  intention  to 
erect  two  other  buildings  to  complete  the  plans  for  the  home 
of  the  school. 

The  institution,  formerly  known  as  the  Latter-day  Saints 
College,  was  organized  in  November,  i88ft,  under  the  name 
of  the  Salt  Lake  Academy,  with  Angus  M.  Cannon,  W.  B. 
Dougall,  A.  E.  Hyde,  Spencer  Clawson,  Francis  Cope,  Rod- 
ney C.  Badger,  Wm.  H.  Rowe  and  Wm.  A.  Rossiter  as 
trustees,  and  Prof.  Willard  Done  as  principal.  On  July  3rd, 
1888,  the  board  of  education  of  the  Salt  Lake  Stake  was  or- 
ganized, and  placed  in  control  of  the  institution,  which  was 
then  named  the  Salt  Lake  Stake  Academy.  Prof.  James  E. 
Talmage  was  chosen  principal.  On  May  15,  1889,  the  name 
of  the  institution  was  changed  to  the  Latter-day  Saints'  Col- 
ir 


250 


VI AH  AS  IT  IS. 


lege  and  the  standard  of  instruction  raised,  no  student  below 
the  ninth  grade  being  admitted  thereafter.  In  January,  1892, 
Prof.  Willard  Done  succeeded  Prof.  Talmage  as  principal. 
On  October  12,  1895,  the  trustees  changed  the  title  of  prin- 
cipal to  that  <of  president  of  the  faculty,  a  college  course  of 
four  years,  leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Philosophy 


BUSINESS  COIJ,EGE  AND   B.   Y.   MEMORIAL. 

(Ph.  B.)  was  established,  and  the  grade  and  character  of  the 
work  were  further  improved.  The  College  became  involved 
in  debt,  and  in  the  spring  of  1899  most  of  the  teachers  en- 
gaged elsewhere.  President  Done  resigned,  and  in  July  fol- 
lowing, Prof.  J.  H.  Paul  was  elected  president.  The  faculty 
was  immediately  re-organized  and  the  College  was  again 
opened  in  September,  1899,  a^  departments  being  located  in 
the  Templeton  building.  That  school  year  was  the  most 
favorable  in  the  history  of  the  institution.  Notwithstanding 
the  lateness  of  the  re-organization,  the  patrons  of  the  College 
rallied  to  its  support,  and  the  registration  of  students  reached 


SCHOOLS  AND  SCHOOLING.  251 

a  total  of  five  hundred.  The  quarters  in  the  Templeton  be- 
came too  small,  and  President  Snow  advised  that  these  quar- 
ters be  abandoned.  Nothing  could  be  done,  therefore,  but 
quit  the  Templeton  and  await  the  erection  of  the  new  build- 
ing. The  .business  department  was  conducted  meanwhile  in 
the  Social  Hall,  and  all  other  departments  opened  in  the  Lion 
House,  September  20  of  that  year. 

The  year  was  a  prosperous  one,  notwithstanding  the  un- 
favorable conditions.  The  registration  of  students  reached  a 
total  of  five  hundred  and  sixty-six,  the  courses  of  study  were 
strengthened  and  the  students  more  strictly  classified.  The 
next  year,  however,  was  more  favorable  than  any  of  the  for- 
mer years.  The  enlarged  faculty  of  instruction  and  the  more 
ample  accommodations  resulted  in  the  enrollment  of  more 
than  a  thousand  students;  while  last  year  witnessed  an  enroll- 
ment of  twelve  hundred  and  thirty-one  students,  mostly  of 
high  school  grade,  and  ranging  in  age  from  fifteen  to  forty 
years. 

The  University  is  organized  under  the  laws  of  the  State 
of  Utah,  by  articles  of  incorporation  that  define  its  powers, 
prescribe  its  duties,  and  indicate  specifically  its  sphere  of 
operations. 

Article  IV  declares  that  ''the  nature  and  objects  of  this 
association  shall  be  to  found  a  university,  with  colleges,  acad- 
emies, schools,  institutes,  museums,  galleries  of  art,  libraries, 
laboratories,  gymnasiums,  and  all  proper  accessories,  where 
instruction  of  the  highest  grade  possible  to  its  resources 
shall  be  given  to  both  sexes  in  science,  literature,  art,  mech- 
anical pursuits,  and  in  the  principles  of  the  Gospel  as  taught 
by  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter-day  Saints.  The 
chief  aim  and  object  of  the  institution  shall  be  to  make  of 
its  students  and  graduates  worthy  citizens  and  true  followers 
of  Jesus  Christ,  by  fitting  them  for  some  useful  pursuit,  by 
strengthening  in  their  minds  a  pure  attachment  to  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States  and  to  our  republican  institu- 
tions, by  teaching  them  the  lessons  of  purity,  morality  and 


252 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


upright  conduct,  and  by  giving  them,  as  far  as  possible,  an  un- 
derstanding of  the  plan  of  salvation  revealed  by  our  Lord 
and  Savior  Jesus  Christ.  Nothing  that  is  contrary  to  the 
laws  of  the  land  shall  ever  be  taught  in  said  institution." 

The    Latter-day  Saints'  University  is  the  creation  of  the 
people  whose  name  it  bears.     It  is  recognized   and  sustained 


BARRATT  HAW,- 

by  them  as  a  worthy  exponent  of  their  educational  ideals  and 
as  an  efficient  promoter  of  the  welfare  of  their  youth.  The 
change  in  name  somewhat  enlarges  the  functions  and  adds  to 
the  influence  of  the  institution  without  interfering  with  its 
work  or  arresting  its  development.  It  will  continue  to  offer 
well  arranged  High  School,  Normal  and  Business  courses  of 
study,  with  only  such  higher  or  university  work  at  present  as 
its  resources  will  justify.  There  were  added  last  year  a  Kin- 
dergarten school,  a  Normal  Kindergarten  course,  and  a 
course  for  lady  students  in  domestic  science  and  art,  and  this 


SCHOOLS  AND  SCHOOLING. 


253 


year  a  course  in  mechanic  arts  and  civil  engineering  will  be 
given. 

The  mission  of  the  institution  is  solely  one  of  peace  and 
good  will.  Its  general  aim  has  been  the  same  under  each  of 
its  several  names,  and  consists  simply  in  the  intellectual, 
moral,  and  practical  education  of  the  youth  of  this  commun- 
ity, in  those  lines,  especially,  which  are  not  full}'  provided  for 
in  the  State  system  of  education.  As  its  motto,  "The  Lord 
is  my  light,"  may  indicate,  moral  and  religious  instruction  oc- 
cupy a  prominent  place  in  its 
courses  of  study.  The  work 
offered  is  open  to  all  persons 
of  good  moral  character  that 
are  qualified  to  pursue  any  of 
the  studies  given.  It  is  the  in- 
tention to  provide  the  best  of 
instruction  in  such  lines  of 
work  as  are  undertaken  by  this 
University. 

The  growth  of  the  institu- 
tion during  the  past  four  years 
from  a  small  but  meritorious 
college  without  assets,  and  with 

a  limited  curriculum  and  attendance,  to  its  present  status  as  an 
incorporated  university,  with  a  large  patronage  and  a  teach- 
ing force  numbering  over  forty  professors  and  instructors,  is 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  developments  in  the  recent  edu- 
cational affairs  of  the  State. 

Following  are  the  names  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Latter-day  Saints'  University:  Anthon  H.  Lund,  President; 
Angus  M.  Cannon,  Vice-President;  John  Nicholson,  George 
H.  Taylor,  John  C.  Cutler,  Treasurer;  Joseph  S.  Wells,  Sec- 
retary; Joseph  E.Taylor. 

Prof.  J.  H.  Paul  has  been  the  president  for  the  last  four 
years,  with  Profs.  John  M.  Mills,  Henry  Peterson  and  Ben- 
jamin Goddard  as  principals  respectively  of  the  High  School, 
Normal  and  Commercial  departments. 


PROF.   J.    H.    PAUI,. 


SOCIETIES  AND  CLUBS. 


FRATERNAL,        INDUSTRIAL        AND         OTHER 
ORGANIZATIONS. 

UTAH  is  not  behind  any  other  part  of  the  civilized  world 
in  the  matter  of  secret,  trade  and  professional  organi- 
zations, the  whole  list,  especially  as  to  the  former,  being  well 
represented  in  our  midst.  As  in  other  departments  where 
there  is  so  much  material  to  draw  upon,  only  a  portion  can 
be  made  available,  this  being  representative  of  the  different 
classes  and  fairly  comprehensive  as  to  the  whole.  All  are 
well  up  in  the  matter  of  respectable  membership  and  more 
than  a  few  are  large  property  owners,  in  both  of  which 
respects  a  general  advance  is  noticeable  in  most  if  not  all. 


STATE 'BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

AN  AGGREGATION  of  judges  and  lawyers,  each  of  whose 
names  is  a  guarantee  of  the  respectability  and  influence  of 
the  whole,  is  the  State  Bar  Association  of  Utah — the  former 
honorary  members,  the  latter  active  practitioners  well  and 
favorably  known  throughout  the  community  and  beyond  it. 
The  association  was  organized  on  January  n,  1894,  pursuant 
to  a  meeting  of  attorneys  held  two  days  previously,  the  object 
being,  as  stated  by  the  second  article  of  the  constitution,  "the 
elevation  of  the  standard  of  professional  learning  and  integ- 
rity, to  inspire  the  greatest  degree  of  respect  for  the  efforts 


SOCIETIES  AND  CLUBS. 


255 


and  influence  of  the  bar  in  the   administration  of  justice,  and 
to  cultivate  fraternal  relations  among  its  members." 

The  first  officers  were:  President,  J.  G.  Sutherland; 
Vice-President,  (first  judicial  district)  S.  R.  Thurman;  Vice- 
President,  (second  judicial  district)  M.  M.  Warner;  Vice- 
President,  (third  judicial  district)  C.  W.  Bennett;  Vice-Presi- 


GROUP  OF    JUDGES  AND  LAWYERS. 


256  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

dent,  (fourth  judicial  district)  James  N.  Kimball;  Secretary, 
Richard  B.  Shepherd;  Treasurer,  Elmer  B.  Jones. 

The  present  officers  (1903).  are:  President,  Andrew 
Howat;  Vice- President,  (first  judicial  district)  Charles  A. 
Hart;  Vice-President,  (second  judicial  district)  Henry  H. 
Rolapp;  Vice-President,  (third  judicial  district)  Wm.  A.  Lee; 
Vice-President,  (fourth  judicial  district)  John  E.  Booth; 
Vice-President,  (fifth  judicial  district)  Thos.  Marioneaux; 
Vice-President,  (sixth  judicial  district)  J.  F.  Chidester;  Vice- 
President.  (seventh  judicial  district)  Jacob  Johnson;  Secretary, 
J.  Walcott  Thompson;  Treasurer,  George  L.  Nye, 

The  officers  are  elected  at  the  regular  meetings  of  the 
Association  held  annually  at  Salt  Lake  City  on  the  second 
Monday  in  January,  in  the  Supreme  Court  room.  It  requires 
a  two-thirds  affirmative  vote  of  the  members  present  to  admit 
an  applicant  for  membership;  the  admission  fee  is  $5  and  the 
annual  dues  $3. 


UTAH  PRESS  ASSOCIATION. 

THIS  association  as  an  organization  dates  its  life  from 
January  20,  1894.  Some  weeks  prior  to  this  date  a  few  repre- 
sentative State  newspaper  men  agitated  the  matter  of  effect- 
ing an  organization  and  a  call  was  issued  to  meet  at  the 
Knutsford  on  January  2Oth  of  that  year,  and  in  response  to 
this  call,  besides  the  local  city  press,  many  representative 
citizens  were  present;  fourteen  State  newspapers  answered 
roll  call. 

The  proceedings  were  held  at  the  Knutsford  hotel  par- 
lors, and  Governor  West  in  a  neat  speech  of  welcome 
greeted  the  members.  An  orchestra  of  music  was  in  attend- 
ance under  Prof.  Geo.  Careless,  and  after  the  organization 
was  effected  a  banquet  was  given  by  the  city  papers,  a  bath 
at  the  Sanitarium  and  seats  at  the  Theatre  tendered.  At 
this  meeting  the  following  officers  were  elected :  President, 


SOCIETIES  AND  CLUBS. 


257 


E.  A.  Littlefield,  of  Ogden;  ist  Vice-President,  E.  G.  Rog- 
non,  of  Salt  Lake  City;  2nd  Vice-President,  Walter  L.  Webb, 
of  Lehi;  Secretary,  J.  B.  Rawlins.  of  Salt  Lake  City;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  M.  F.  Murray,  of  Ephraim;  Treas- 
urer, A.  N.  Rosenbaum,  of  Logan. 

The  object  of  the  organization,  as  indicated  by  the  con- 
stitution, is  for  the  unification  of  the  business  interests  of  the 
State  papers,  the  elevation  of  the  tone  and  the  general  bet- 
terment of  the  profession.  The  Association  started  out  very 
auspiciously  and  with  a  membership  that  was  strictly  profes- 
sional in  the  character  of  its 
make-up;  but  soon  some  per- 
sons became  members  whose 
motives  were  ulterior  and  with 
a  view  of  getting  railway  pass 
concessions,  accomplishing  po- 
litical ambitions  and  social  no- 
toriety and  finally  became  so 
uncharacteristic  that  many  of 
its  charter  members  became 
discouraged  and  let  it  go  into 
almost  total  dissolution.  How- 
ever, enough  real  newspaper 
men  stayed  with  it  to  hold  its 
annual  meetings  and  maintain 
at  least  the  semblance  of  a 
It  is  now  on  a  good  footing  and  is 


D.  p.  KEI/T. 


newspaper  organization 
flourishing. 

Since  its  organization  it  has  enjoyed  many  social  func- 
tions, either  tendered  it  or  promoted  by  it.  In  June-July, 
1902,  a  trip  covering  5250  miles  along  the  entire  Pacific 
coast  was  planned  and  successfully  carried  out.  The  Asso- 
ciation is  today  officered  as  follows :  President,  D.  P.  Felt, 
of  Salt  Lake  City;  First  Vice-President,  E.  A.  Littlefield, 
Ogden;  Second  Vice-President,  William  Buys,  Heber  City; 
Third  Vice-President,  James  Dunn,  Tooele;  Corresponding 


258  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

Secretary,  I.  E.  Diehl,  of  Robinson;  Recording  Secretary, 
N.  B.  Dresser,  of  Park  City;  Treasurer,  W.  R.  McBride, 
of  Prove;  Historian,  J.  T.  Jakeman,  ot  Mercur. 


UTAH  WOOL  GROWERS'  ASSOCIATION. 

THE  sheep  growing  industry  is  one  of  the  most  profit- 
able in  the  State,  and  one  of  the  most  useful  in  a  widespread 
way,  not  only  diffusing  continual  wealth  but  giving  employ- 
ment to  an  army  of  men.  Most  if  not  all  its  members  are 
well  to  do,  but  they  literally  began  at  the  bottom,  having  been 
as  poor  as  beginners  of  enterprises  in  new  communities 


RAMS. 


usually  are.  More  sheep  are  owned  in  Utah  than  any  other 
State,  excepting  only  Montana,  to  which  it  is  a  close  second, 
the  number  here  being  little  if  any  short  of  6,000,000.  Of 
course  our  people  are  large  owners  in  the  adjoining  States, 
and  the  proceeds  altogether  are  estimated  by  Jesse  M.  Smith, 
President  of  the  Association,  at  $10,000,000  per  annum.  No 


SOCIETIES  AND  CLUBS. 


259 


one  at  all  familiar  with  the  details  of  the  business  here  but 
will  say  this  estimate  is  quite  conservative.  Many  of  the 
sheep  owners  are  cattle  owners  also  and  several  members  of 
the  Association  are  likewise  members  of  the  National  Live 
Stock  and  other  associations;  so  that,  were  they  to  stand  still 
continually  (which  none  of  them  ever  does  at  any  time)  their 
resources  would,  like  John  Brown's  body,  keep  marching 
along. 


JESSE  M.  SMITH,  PRESIDENT. 

In  Mr.  Smith  we  have  not  only  a  native  of  Utah  but  a 
son  of  Salt  Lake  City,  where  he  was  born  in  1858.  He  is 
one  of  the  several  sons  of  the 
late  Judge  Elias  Smith,  whose 
portrait  appears  elsewhere  in 
this  book  and  also  was  one  of 
the  very  best  men  that  ever 
lived  or  died  in  any  com- 
munity. Jesse  M.  has  lived 
an  active,  useful  life,  into 
which  a  great  deal  that  was 
difficult  and  unwilling  to  give 
up  found  its  way.  He  en- 
gaged in  business  for  him- 
self at  a  youthful  age  and 
soon  laid  the  foundation  for 
what  has  proved  a  success- 
ful career.  The  subject  of 
irrigation  claimed  and  re- 
ceived a  large  share  of  his 
attention.  He  helped  build 
most  of  the  canals  in  Salt 
Lake  County  and  he  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  East 
Canyon  reservoir,  by  reason  of  v,  hich  large  tracts  of  arid  land 
near  Layton  were  brought  under  cultivation  and  have  be- 


JESSB  M.  SMITH. 


260  UTAH  AS  11  IS. 

come  exceedingly  productive  and  profitable.  As  a  sub-con- 
tractor he  built  a  large  part  of  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande 
railroad  between  Scofield  and  Springville,  and  as  a  bridge 
and  canal  constructor  he  has  made  a  fine  record. 

However,  it  is  as  a  "sheepman"  that  Mr.  Smith  is  most 
widely  known.  He  first  embarked  in  this  business  in  1888, 
beginning  with  a  modest  flock  of  2300  leased  animals,  and 
these  were  ranged  on  the  desert  plains  west  of  Great  Salt 
Lake.  He  was  successful  from  the  start  and  was  soon 
able  to  engage  in  the  business  independently,  which 
grew  and  spread  with  gratifying  rapidity.  He  is  at 
present  President  of  the  Wool  Growers'  Association  of  Utah, 
and  has  held  the  position  continuously  since  1896.  In  this 
capacity,  and  as  a  representative  of  that  great  industry,  he 
has  ever  kept  a  watchful  eye  upon  it  and  no  exertion  or 
expense  has  been  spared  that  it  was  necessary  and  proper  to 
put  forth,  having  among  other  things  in  that  connection  made 
several  trips  to  the  national  seat  of  Government.  He  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  National  Live  Stock  Association 
in  1898,  and  is  Utah's  member  of  the  executive  committee, 
and  recently  was  chosen  President  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 
Wool  Growers'  Association,  which  embraces  the  States  of 
Oregon,  Montana,  Idaho,  Nevada,  Wyoming  and  Utah.  He 
is  also  the  President  and  representative  of  the  Associated 
Wool  Growers'  Company,  which  does  business  throughout 
the  entire  country  and  is  composed  of  sheep  men  exclusively. 

Personally,  Mr.  Smith  is  one  of  the  most  upright  of  men, 
his  business  instincts  and  energetic  methods  never  carrying 
him  beyond  the  beaten  paths  of  integrity  and  truth.  His  por- 
trait tells  the  rest. 


THE  ALTA  CLUB. 

THIS  aggregation  of  business   and    professional  men  has 
a  reputation  throughout  the  country  as  a  strictly  high-class 


SOCIETIES  AND  CLUBS. 


261 


and  thoroughgoing  one.  It  was  organized  in  1883,  and  held 
its  first  meetings  in  the  Atlas  block,  Salt  Lake  City,  a  build- 
ing somewhat  noted  in  the  community  as  having  been  twice 
destroyed  by  fire  yet  still,  like  the  phoenix,  looking  down 
upon  its  ashes  from  a  new  and,  in  this  instance,  a  much  better 
existence.  In  1892  the  club  changed  its  quarters  to  the 
Dooly  building,  at  the  corner  of  West  Temple  and  Second 
South  streets,  occupying  the  whole  of  the  sixth  floor.  The 


ALTA   CLUB  HOUSE,    SAI/T  LAKE   CITY. 

first  officers  were:  President,  W.  S.  McCornick;  Secretary, 
C.  L.  Haines;  Treasurer,  J<  E.  Dooly.  The  total  member- 
ship is  333.  In  the  spring  of  1897,  the  members  having 
decided  to  have  a  home  of  their  own  and  having  secured  a 
lot  at  the  corner  of  South  Temple  and  State  streets,  began 
the  work  of  construction,  the  work  being  pushed  steadily  along 
and  completed  the  following  year.  It  is  an  elegant  structure, 
as  its  accompanying  picture  shows,  and  its  appointments 
correspond  in  all  respects. 

The    present    officers    are:     President,  D.   E.   Burley; 


262 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Vice-President,  A.  L.  Thomas;  Secretary,  Elias  A.  Smith; 
Treasurer,  C.  S.  Burton;  Executive  Committee,  D.  E.  Bur- 
ley,  Elias  A.  Smith;  Charles  D.  Quigley,  house  director; 
J.  Barnett,  wine  room  director;  A.  Hanauer,  restaurant 
director. 


THE  ELKS. 

Salt  Lake  Lodge  No.  85,  B.  P.  O.  Elks,  was  instituted 
June  13,  1894,  under  charter  granted  July  12,  1888.  The 
lodge  did  not  flourish  very  well  on  account  of  the  conditions 


KICKS'   CLUB  HOUSE,   SALT  LAKE. 


SOCIETIES  AND  CLUBS. 


263 


locally,  hard  times  figuring  quite  conspicuously.  The  forty 
members  dropped  to  twenty  and  for  a  long  interval  no  meet- 
ings were  held.  On  April  5,  1899,  twenty  old  members  and 
twenty-six  new  started  with  new  life  the  present  lodge  which 
soon  began  to  flourish  -"like  a  green  bay  tree"  and  has  so 
continued,  the  present  membership  being  six  hundred  and 
fifty.  They  now  have  a  magnificent  building  of  their  ownr 


EI,KS'    PARADE,    SAI/T   lyAKK,    I9O2 


SOCIETIES  AND  CLUBS. 


265 


as  shown  by  the  accompanying  cut.  The  corner  stone  was 
laid  in  May,  1900,  and  the  structure  was  completed  on  July 
28,  1902.  The  cost  of  the  building,  furniture  and  grounds 
was  $75,000. 

The  officers  of  the  organization  are  pictured  herewith, 
the  name  and  office  being  under  each  portrait;  also  a  fine 
view  of  the  great  parade  during  the  Elks'  convention  here  in 
1902  appears.  This  is  a  grand  spectacle  even  on  paper,  but 
in  real  life  it  was  simply  magnificent.  The  city  was  in  gala 
attire  and  for  the  time  being  was  the  liveliest  place  in  the 
country. 


COMMERCIAL  CLUB. 

THIS  organization,  which  was  born  and  reared  in  Salt 

Lake  City,  and  has  its  home 
here,  presents  the  following 
as  its  objects: 

To  bring  into  closer  com- 
mercial and  social  relations 
all  loyal  and  progressive 
citizens. 

To  cultivate  co-operation, 
public  spirit  and  mutual 
help. 

To  take  vigorous  action 
towards  establishing  new 
industries  and  commercial 
enterprises  in  our  city. 

To  infuse  new  life  and 
energy  into  every  branch  of 
trade  and  encourage  the  pat- 
ronage of  home  institutions 
and  industries. 

To  provide  a  cosmopolitan 
place  of  entertainment  for  strangers;  a  meeting  place  for  all 


FISHER  S.  HARRIS,  SECRETARY. 


18 


266  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

citizens  interested  in  public  work;  convenient  and  comfortable 
quarters  for  business  men  to  assimilate  with  the  commercial 
world. 

To  correct  business  evils  and  remove  impediments  to 
progress. 

To  aid  and  encourage  that  which  is  good  in  municipal, 
State  and  National  government  and  strike  at  that  which  works 
to  their  detriment. 

To  advertise  the  advantages  of  the  city  and  State;  to 
encourage  immigration  and  the  influx  of  capital;  to  stimulate 
the  development  of  latent  resources;  to  build  up  and  educate 
a  patriotic  and  loyal  citizenship  that  will  be  the  highest  type 
of  progressive  Americanism. 

Following  are  the  officers:  William  A.  Nelden.  Presi- 
dent; John  C.  Cutler,  Vice-President;  John  E.  Dooly,  Treas- 
urer; Schuyler  V.  Shelp,  Secretary;  Fisher  Harris,  Assistant 
Secretary  and  Manager. 


SALT  LAKE  PRESS  CLUB. 

THIS  is  an  organization  composed  of  practical  news- 
paper workers  of  the  metropolis.  It  was  organized  in  1901, 
and  at  the  present  time  has  some  forty  members,  each  of 
whom  is  something  of  a  "pioneer  in  the  land"  in  his  way. 
They  are  a  lively  lot  and  have  received  occasional  recogni- 
tion from  the  outside,  among  others  the  distinguished  trage- 
dian, Frederick  Warde,  having  handed  over  the  receipts  of 
lectures,  this  being  by  no  means  an  insignificant  matter. 
They  also  indulge  in  an  occasional  function  on  their  own 
account  and  on  the  whole  are  able  to  keep  the  expense  items 
well  in  hand  with  enough  in  the  treasury  to  promote  that  feel- 
ing of  security  which  such  a  condition  alone  can  bring  about. 

The  club  rooms  are  situated  at  245  South,  West  Temple 
Street,  and  are  convenient,  commodious  and  well  appointed. 
The  officers  are  as  follows:  A.  G.  MacKenzie, President ;  J. 


SOCIETIES  AND  CLUBS.  267 

T.  Goodwin,  First  Vice-President;  W.  E.  Vigus,  Second  Vice- 
President;  C.  C.  Wentzler,  Secretary;  George  E.  Carpen- 
ter, Treasurer. 


BROTHERHOOD  OF  LOCOMOTIVE    ENGINEERS. 

WASATCH  DIVISION  222,  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive 
Engineers,  was  organized  Aug.  5,  1883,  in  the  old  Odd  Fel- 
lows hall  in  the  George  M.  Scott  building.  It  was  organized 
by  Charles  McCarn,  secretary  of  division  136,  Evanston, 
Wyo.,  by  order  of  Grand  Chief  Engineer  P.  M.  Arthur. 

The  following  are  the  charter  officers  for  1883:  James 
LaRue,  Chief  Engineer;  Frank  B.  Hanson,  First  Engineer; 
John  Forster,  Second  Engineer;  Gilbert  A.  McLean,  Secre- 
tary; Harry  W.  Russell,  Treasurer;  Robert  R.  Mann,  Third 
Assistant  Engineer;  John  W.  Stewart,  Guide;  Alex.  King- 
horn,  Chaplain. 

The  following  members  of  other  divisions  assisted  in 
helping  organize  division  222:  James  T.  Beless  and  Charles 
Shermer,  of  division  29,  Pueblo,  Colorado;  George  Sheehey, 
division  199,  Salida,  Colorado,  and  Ole  Ferguson,  of 
division  24,  Centralia,  111.  The  division  started  with  seven 
members,  and  now  has  a  membership  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five.  This  is  a  good  record  for  a  lodge  of  Engineers 
taking  it  into  consideration  that  no  one  can  become  a  member 
until  he  has  had  one  year's  experience  as  a  local  motive 
engineer.  Hon.  Chauncey  M.  Depew  is  the  only  distin- 
guished railroad  man  that  holds  membership  in  the  order  and 
he  had  to  run  an  engine  before  he  could  be  admitted. 

The  present  officers  (1903)  are:  James  A.  Yeates, 
Chief  Engineer;  H.  W.  Anderson,  First  Engineer;  John  W. 
Stewart,  Second  Engineer;  James  T.  Beless,  Secretary;  Abel 
Preece,  Treasurer;  Thomas  T.  Bult,  Third  Assistant  Engi- 
neer; C.  E;Ives,  Guide;  C.  S.  Stewart,  Chaplain. 

There  is  a  Ladies'  Auxiliary  to  the  organization  which 


268  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

was  organized  in  Salt  Lake  City  by  Mrs.  W.  A.  Murdock, 
President  of  the  Grand  International  Auxiliary.  The  officers 
are:  President,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Beless;  Vice-President,  Mrs.  C. 
E.  Shermer;  Secretary,  Mrs.  B.  F.  Estes;  Treasurer,  Mrs. 
E.  E.  Bartlett;  Chaplain,  Mrs.  J.  Foster;  Guide,  Mrs.  P.  B. 
Haslet;  Sentinel,  Mrs.  B.  Y.  Vinson;  other  charter  members: 
Mrs.  R.  Simpson,  Mrs.  A.  N.  Russell,  Mrs.  B.  F.Blake, 
Mrs.  S.  J.  Konold,  Mrs.  Fred  King,  Mrs.  L.  W.  Kesler, 
Mrs.  C.  S.  Blackman,  Mrs.  C.  S.  McLain.  The  order  was 
named  Gilbert  A.  McLean  Lodge,  division  No.  108.  Mr. 
McLean  is  the  Union  Pacific  engineer  who  founded  the  Wa- 
satch  Lodge  of  Engineers,  and  also  the  new  auxiliary. 


DESERET    AGRICULTURAL    AND    MANUFAC- 
TURING SOCIETY. 

THIS  is  one  of  the  institutions  of  the  State  of  which  its 
people  have  reason  to  be  and  are  proud.  Its  record  is  a 
great  one.  It  was  organized  pursuant  to  act  of  the  Terri- 
torial Legislature  in  1856,  and  has  been  the  means  of  accom- 
plishing more  good  in  the  way  of  "keeping  tab"  on  the 
products  and  progress  of  the  commonwealth,  and  making 
periodical  exhibitions  thereof,  than  could  be  set  forth  in  any- 
thing less  than  a  large  volume. 

The  officers  of  the  Society  appear  in  the  earlier  part  of 
this  volume,  with  the  exception  of  Secretary.  This  office 
has  recently  changed  as  to  personnel,  the  former  incumbent, 
S.  W.  Sears,  having  died,  and  W.  J.  Bateman  having  been 
appointed  thereto. 

Splendid  grounds  have  been  provided  for  the  Society's 
exhibitions  at  Agricultural  Park,  in  the  northwestern  part  of 
Salt  Lake  City,  containing  an  exposition  pavilion,  numerous 
outbuildings  and  sheds,  and  an  up-to-date  race  track.  Every- 
thing will  be  improved  upon  as  time  advances,  the  great  at- 
tendance every  year  fully  justifying  it. 


FINANCE  AND  TRADE. 


THE  MONEY  MARTS,  FIELDS  OF  MANUFAC- 
TURE AND  COMMERCE. 


SOME  reference  has  been  made  in  the  earlier  stages  of 
this  book  to  the  general  subject  of  which  this  depart- 
ment treats  more  elaborately.  The  first  merchandising 
concern,  the  first  grist  mill,  the  first  factory,  the  first  bank, 
and  so  on,  are  always  objects  of  prime  interest,  not  alone 
for  their  own  sake,  but  as  showing  by  comparison  what 
mighty  strides  have  been  made  along  all  the  lines  leading  to 
.industrial  and  commercial  greatness.  The  reader  will  ere 
this  have  observed  that  one  of  the  chief  purposes  of  this  book 
is  to  show  how,  when,  and  by  what  means  everything  con- 
stituting a  feature  of  the  great  structure  was  begun,  how  it 
has  grown,  and  what  it  amounts  to  at  the  present  time; 
he  will  thus  be  undoubtedly  interested  in  the  presentations 
herein  made.  They  are  typical  selections  from  the  great 
mass,  each  more  or  less  representative  of  everything  in  its 
class,  and  all  giving  a  fair  showing  of  Utah's  standing  as  to 
the  theme  above  headed. 


ZION'S  CO-OPERATIVE  MERCANTILE  IN- 
STITUTION. 

CO-OPERATION  is  by  no   means   a  new  thing  in  the  mer- 
cantile affairs  of  the  world,  although   there   have   been  few 


270 


U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 


great  enterprises  strictly  co-operative  that  have  not  partaken 
largely  of  some  other  feature  of  organization  and  had  some 
other  name.  In  one  sense,  all  firms,  corporations  and  com- 
binations of  whatever  name,  style  or  magnitude  are  co-op- 
erative concerns,  in  that  they  blend  their  capital,  unite  their 
efforts  and  divide  their  profits  ratably.  In  what  respect,  then, 
the  reader  may  ask,  otherwise  than  name,  do  the  co-opera- 
tive concerns  of  Utah  differ  from  others?  In  at  least  one  very 
materiarrespect  is  there  a  difference:  that  the  latter  have  an 


Z.    C.    M.    I.    MAIN   BUILDING,    SAI/T  LAKE   CITY. 

element  of  fraternity,  a  feeling  of  social,  ethical  and  ecclesi- 
astical equality  permeating  them  and  being  as  cement  to  the 
structure,  holding  all  the  factors  which  constitute  strength 
and  growth  in  their  places  without  impairment  of  the  rules 
and  methods  recognized  and  practiced  elsewhere.  In  short, 
co-operation  in  Utah  is  as  much  an  outgrowth  of  the  religious 
and  social  views  of  the  Mormon  people  as  any  of  their  other 
achievements  of  a  temporal  character  are,  and,  while  no 


FINANCE  AND  TRADE.  271 

peculiar  or  special  characteristics  are  observable,  while  trade 
and  every  department  of  business  are  carried  on  ptrictly  in 
consonance  with  established  and  universally  recognized  prin- 
ciples, it  still  remains  that  there  is  above  and  beyond  it  all 
the  same  generating,  fostering  and  furthering  inspiration 
which  has  brought  into  existence  and  held  together  first  the 
germs,  then  the  development  and  lastly  the  consummation  of 
empire  amid  the  once  dreary  wilds  of  the  Great  West. 

Zion's  Co-operative  Mercantile  Institution  was  organized 
on  the  i6th  day  of  October,  1868.  It  had  doubtless  been  in 
contemplation  for  some  time  previously,  as  its  plan  and  de- 
velopment were  long  known  to  be  in  full  accord  with  the  be- 
liefs and  teachings  of  its  founder,  Brigham  Young.  Perhaps 
he  did  not  earlier  give  this  practical  expression  to  his  views- 
in  that  regard  because  of  a  realization  of  all  the  circumstances- 
and  a  due  regard  for  the  best  interests  of  the  people  in  ac- 
cordance with  their  surroundings.  When  money  or  other 
ready  means  of  effecting  exchanges  were  exceedingly  rare 
with  the  masses  and  freightage  across  the  plains  amounted  to 
the  highest  kind  of  protective  tariff,  so  that  a  few  men  could 
have  controlled  the  situation  and  made  the  union  of  effort  a 
trust  for  their  own  benefit  rather  than  a  means  of  equalizing 
conditions  and  disseminating  benefits,  this  could  scarcely  have 
been  regarded  as  an  auspicious  time  for  launching  the  project. 
It  was  one  that  had  to  be  studied  up  and  some  knowledge  of 
its  practical  application  acquired  by  means  of  practice,  which 
would  of  course  have  been  out  of  the  question  when  the  great 
majority  of  the  people  needed  all  that  they  had,  and  could 
therefore  illy  spare  anything  to  be  tied  up  for  an  indefinite 
period,  while  the  favored  few  who  could  endure  the  strain 
would  soon  have  been  placed  in  a  position  to  absorb  the  en- 
tire transaction.  I  say  perhaps  this  was  the  case,  for  I  was 
never  sufficiently  intimate  with  that  wonderful  man  to  obtain 
his  confidence;  but  knowing  him  and  his  characteristics  so 
well,  understanding  how  fully  he  desired  the  greatest  good 
-for  the  largest  number,  and  appreciating  the  extent  to  which 


272  VI AH  AS  IT  IS. 

he  could  gauge  the  future  by  the  present  and  discount  diffi- 
culties in  advance  as  only  those  who  are  gifted  with  pre- 
science can,  it  will  probably  strike  the  reader  as  well  as  the 
writer  that  the  guess  is  not  a  -bad  one.  With  the  advent  of 
the  railroad  the  "Chinese  wall"  of  exclusiveness  in  the  mat- 
ter of  importations  was  battered  down  and  a  condition  more 
nearly  approaching  equality  gradually  appeared;  a  lively  and 
profitable  market  for  all  kinds  of  products  sprang  up  where 
before  was  stagnation  and  lack  of  stimulation.  The  change 
had  come,  the  old  order  had  passed  away.  Money  began  to 
be  the  rule  instead  of  the  very  rare  exception  in  all  kinds  of 
traffic.  The  people  began  to  improve  their  homes,  their 
farms  and  their  persons.  They  could  now  afford  to  invest 
some  of  their  substance  for  the  general  benefit  of  all  and  the 
individual  good  of  themselves.  As  in  nearly  everything  else 
which  the  Church  President  instituted,  the  hand  of  the  states- 
man could  of  later  years  if  not  at  once  be  easily  traced 
throughout  this  grandly  successful  movement. 

The  first  officers  of  the  Institution,  elected  on  October 
16,  1868,  were  as  follows:  President,  Brigham  Young;  Vice- 
President,  Wm.  H.  Hooper;  Secretary,  William  Clayton; 
Treasurer,  D.  O.  Calder;  Directors,  George  Q.  Cannon, 
George  A.  Smith,  H.  S.  Eldredge,  H.  W.  Lawrence,  William 
Jennings;  Superintendent,  H.  B.  Clawson.  The  present  staff 
of  officials  is:  President,  Joseph  F.  Smith;  Vice-President, 
George  Romney;  Secretary,  T.  G.  Webber;  Treasurer,  A. 
W.  Carlson;  Directors,  Heber  J.  Grant,  John  R.  Winder, 
Henry  Dinwoodey,  P.  T.  Farnsworth,  John  R.  Barnes,  John 
Henry  Smith,  F.  M.  Lyman,  A.  H.  Lund,  W.  H.  Mclntyre, 
Reed  Smoot  and  T.  G.  Webber;  General  Superintendent,  T. 
G.  Webber,  a  position  occupied  by  him  continuously  for  about 
fifteen  years,  to  the  perfect  satisfaction  of  all  concerned  and 
the  steady  increased  growth  of  the  Institution.  He  has  also 
been  Secretary  from  October,  1871,  with  the  exception  of  a 
brief  period. 

Active  business   was  begun  in  March,    1869,  the  stock 


FINANCE  AND  TRADE.  273 

and  establishment  of  the  late  William  Jennings  (where  now  is 
the  Emporium  corner)  having  been  secured,  in  connection 
with  other  stocks  and  places.  The  business  was  incorporated 
in  1870  for  a  period  of  twenty-five  years,  which  having  ex- 
pired in  1895  a  reincorporation  for  fifty  years  was  had,  and 
successful  branch  establishments  have  been  instituted  at 
Ogden,  Provo,  Logan,  Utah,  and  Idaho  Falls,  Idaho.  The 
success  immediately  attendant  upon  the  enterprise  was  such 
that  it  soon  outgrew  its  quarters  and  occupied  more  commo- 
dious ones,  but  nothing  adequate  to  the  steady  growth  was 
available,  and  in  1875  the  grounds  owned  and  occupied  as  a 
residence  by  the  late  President  Jedediah  M.  Grant  were  pur- 
chased and  the  great  establishment  was  built  in  which  has 
been  the  headquarters  of  the  mammoth  business  for  the  last 
twenty-six  years. 

Subsequently  sixty  feet  on  the  north  side  were  added 
and  built  upon.  The  main  building  is  three  stories  and  base- 
ment, 160x315  feet,  with  back  premises  for  stabling,  storage, 
etc.  Later  other  ground  adjoining  on  the  east  was  added,  on 
which  is  a  large  shoe  and  clothing  factory,  having  the  great- 
est capacity  in  the  entire  West. 

The  payroll  presents  the  names  of  an  army  of  not  less 
than  450  persons.  The  first  year's  sales  amounted  to  $1,230,- 
700,  the  average  to  date  being  over  $3,000,000;  last  year's 
were  $4,000,000  and  the  stock  carried  never  falls  short  of 
$800,000.  It  has  been  a  great  dividend  payer  from  the  start, 
the  total  amount  to  date  reaching  the  enormous  total  of  $3,- 
000,000. 

As  illustrative  of  the  extensive  traffic  carried  on  by  the 
Institution,  a  figurative  mathematical  proposition  may  be  used. 
From  the  beginning  of  its  business  thirty-four  years  ago,  the 
total  tonnage  of  goods  imported  has  reached  the  gigantic  fig- 
ure of  (approximately)  310,000  tons,  or  26,000  carloads,  the 
branches  increasing  this  sum  by  80,000  tons,  or  3,330  car 
loads;  altogether,  this  would  make  up  a  train  of  cars* over  215 
miles  in  length,  a  distance  equaling  the  vast  stretch  of  terri- 


274  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

tory  between  Salt  Lake  City  and  the  southern  boundary  of 
the  State.  The  immensity  of  the  Institution  can  scarcely  be 
impressed  upon  the  mind  by  means  of  types  and  paper;  in- 
spection, while  revealing  its  vastness  as  a  grand  and  compre- 
hensive whole,  would  scarcely  be  more  analytical  than  a 
written  description.  It  contains  well  nigh  everything  ever 
found  in  a  mercantile  establishment  from  the  proverbial 
"needle  to  an  anchor,"  and  can  sell  from  a  cent's  worth  to 
thousands  of  dollars'  value  and  never  become  depleted  in  any 
line.  Its  workings  are  wonderful  because  of  their  plainness^ 
and  grand  by  reason  of  their  simplicity. 

Mankind  is  typical  of  Providence.  There  is  no  result 
without  a  cause  and  every  cause  portends  a  result.  The 
proper  aggregation  of  forces  means  a  corresponding  diffusion 
of  power.  Nothing  can  radiate  unless  there  is  a  focal  energy 
to  cause  the  radiation.  With  these  physical  laws  applied  to 
the  affairs  of  mankind,  we  behold  at  once  the  mainspring  of 
the  success  achieved  by  practical  co-operation.  The  power 
of  the  people,  as  relates  to  the  sinews  of  war  and  the  vitals 
of  peace,  is  aggregated,  meaning  at  once  the  concentration 
and  distribution  of  financial  strength.  Each  parts  with  some 
measure  of  his  substance  only  to  receive  it  back,  through  the 
wise  and  careful  management  into  which  it  is  given,  in  en- 
larged and  still  growing  measure.  Such  is  Z.  C.  M.  I.  of 
Utah. 


WALKER  BROTHERS'  BANK    (THE  PIONEER). 

UTAH  had  no  bank  or  anything  in  lieu  of  one  for  sev- 
eral years  after  the  first  settlement,  the  chief  reason  for  which 
was,  that  none  was  needed.  Business  was  largely  if  not 
altogether  a  matter  of  internal  reciprocity,  such  money  as 
came  from  or  went  to  the  world  outside  not  representing  a 
great  volume  and  being  invariably  coin  of  the  realm.  Bills  of 
exchange,  drafts,  checks,  etc.,  were  unknown  and  uncalled  for. 


FINANCE  AND  TRADE. 


275 


Those  who  went  or  came  took  as  much  money  as  they  re- 
quired (if  they  could  raise  it)  along  with  them,  transactions 
were  either  in  money  or  trade,  and  that  was  all  there  was 
of  it. 

All  this  had  to   change   some   time,  and   the  enlivening 
effects  of  traffic  with  the  mining  districts   north  and  west,  in 


WALKER   BRO'S  BANK. 


276  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

1859,  brought  it  about,  the  institution  whose  name  heads  this 
chapter  being  the  pioneers,  although  Holliday  &  Halsey, 
Hussey  &  Dahler  and  possibly  others  were  not  far  behind. 
The  business  was  a  success  from  the  word  go,  and  has 
grown  and  spread  with  the  growth  and  spreading  of  the 
community.  The  founders'  names  were:  Samuel  S.  Walker, 
Joseph  R.  Walker,  David  F.  Walker  and  Matthew  H.  Walk- 
er. In  1885  the  Union  National  Bank  was  organized  and 
succeeded  the  foregoing.  In  1895  the  national  bank  charter 
was  surrendered  and  the  business  of  a  partnership  was  re- 
sumed under  the  name  of  Walker  Brothers,  Bankers,  by 
which  name  it  was  incorporated  in  1903,  under  the  laws  of 
Utah.  The  capital  is  $200,000,  and  the  deposits  on  April  9, 
1903,  amounted  to  $1,168.772.59.  The  officers  are:  M.  H. 
Walker,  President;  Thomas  Weir,  Vice-President;  L.  H. 
Farnsworth,  Cashier;  E.  O.  Howard,  Assistant  Cashier;  W. 
Montague  Ferry  and  H.  G.  McMillan,  Directors. 

Walker  Brothers  Banking  Company  have  made  them- 
selves one  of  the  solid  and  reliable  institutions  of  Utah,  not 
only  by  their  pioneering  enterprise,  but  by  reason  of  business 
principles  strictly  applied  and  the  absolutely  upright  conduct 
of  all  their  affairs.  It  is  one  of  the  best  and  most  favorably 
known  commercial  enterprises  of  the  State. 


DESERET  NATIONAL  BANK. 

THIS  institution  was  originally  the  firm  of  Hooper,  Eld- 
redge  &  Co.,  and  was  organized  May  i,  1869.  It  was  suc- 
ceeded by  the  banking  company  above  named  on  November 
i,  1872.  The  first  officers  were:  Brigham  Young,  President; 
H.  S.  Eldredge,  Vice-president;  L.  S.  Hills,  Cashier;  Direc- 
tors, the  foregoing,  with  W.  H.  Hooper,  William  Jennings, 
John  Sharp  and  Feramorz  Little.  The  original  capital  was 
$200,000,  which  at  the  present  time  (1903)  has  swollen  to 
half  a  million,  with  a  surplus  of  $250,000. 


278  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

The  present  Directors  of  the  corporation  are:  L.  S. 
Hills,  W.  W.  Riter,  James  Sharp,  John  R.  Winder,  Reed 
Smoot,  W.  H.  Mclntire,  Moses  Thatcher,  George  Romney, 
John  R.  Barnes,  John  C.  Cutler,  E.  R.  Eldredge,  David 
Eccles  and  A.  W.  Carlson,  the  first  named  being  President, 
Moses  Thatcher  Vice-President,  and  H.  S.  Young  Cashier. 

An  excellent  picture  of  the  bank  building,  at  the  corner 
of  Main  and  First  South  streets,  Salt  Lake  City,  is  herewith 
given.  It  was  erected  at  a  time  when  such  a  building  was 
regarded  as  a  gigantic  affair,  and  even  now,  as  is  shown,  it  is 
far  from  being  a  small  one.  The  institution  itself  is  known 
to  be  as  solid  as  the  urock  of  ages,"  and  its  business  transac- 
tions reach  out  to  every  part  of  the  globe. 


McCORNICK  &  CO.,  BANKERS. 

THE  banking  house  of  McCornick  &  Co.  is  by  no  means 
a  recent  accession  to  the  great  enterprises  of  which  Utah 
boasts,  having  been  established  in  1873.  Of  course,  it  was 
at  the  beginning  nothing  like  the  grand  and  imposing  affair 
it  has  become  of  late  years,  with  its  splendid  seven-story 
house,  its  business  representing  a  fortune  every  day  and  ram- 
ifying into  all  parts  of  the  world  where  civilization  has  a  per- 
manent footing.  The  growth  has  been  well-nigh  phenom- 
enal, growing  in  not  much  over  a  dozen  years  from  an 
unpretentious  business  affair  into  one  of  the  greatest  of  its 
kind,  having  the  largest  deposits  of  any  bank  between  Den- 
ver and  San  Francisco.  An  excellent  cut  of  the  building  is 
presented  herewith. 

Hon.  W.  S.  McCornick,  to  whose  managerial  instincts 
and  executive  capacity  the  growth  and  success  of  the  enterprise 
are  directly  traceable,  has  been  a  resident  of  Salt  Lake  City 
for  thirty  years,  having  come  here  from  Nevada,  where  he 
was  a  successful  operator  for  some  time  in  the  flourishing 
mining  towns;  previous  to  that  he  resided  in  California. 


FINANCE  AND  TRADE. 


279 


After  a  residence  here  of  some  ten  years  he  became  attracted 
to  our  wonderful  mineral  resources,  and  investments  imme- 
diately followed.  In  this,  as  in  everything  else,  he  has  been 
altogether  successful.  He  also  has  mining  investments  else- 
where, and  is  interested  in  several  other  Utah  enterprises,  his 
name  occurring  frequently  in  this  volume,  having  large 


MCCORNICK    &   GO'S  BANK 


280  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

investments  in  cattle  and  lands  in  other  States,  viz.,  Nevada 
and  Idaho,  also  in  Mexico.  Altogether  he  is  one  of  the  busiest 
and  most  progressive  business  men  in  this  or  any  other  com- 
monwealth, and  his  reward  has  been  commensurate  there- 
with. 

In  1901  Mr.  McCornick  was  a  candidate  before  the 
Republican  caucus  of  the  fourth  Legislature  for  the 
position  of  United  States  Senator,  and  was  strongly  sup- 
ported. It  was  realized  by  his  opponents  that  no  fitter 
name  was  presented,  and  that  he  would  make  a  representa- 
tive in  the  upper  house  of  Congress  whose  work  his  con- 
stituents would  have  no  reason  to  be  dissatisfied  with;  but 
the  fortunes  of  politics  landed  the  prize  elsewhere.  Many 
good  citizens  would  like  to  see  him  in  the  race  again  for  the 
same  office. 


ZION'S  SAVINGS  BANK. 

THE  accompanying  cut  is  the  home  and  property  of 
Zion's  Savings  Bank  and  Trust  Co.;  it  also  quarters  the 
State  Bank  of  Utah.  The  building  is  one  of  the  most  impos- 
ing and  commodious  in  the  business  part  of  the  city;  it  is 
known  as  the  Templeton,  and  was  originally  designed  as  a 
hotel.  The  bank  first  named  is  the  oldest  and  largest  in 
Utah,  receiving  deposits  from  all  over  the  world.  Since  its 
establishment  in  1873  it  has  opened  36,576  savings  accounts; 
as  early  as  1892  its  deposits  amounted  to  between  $800,000 
and  $900,000,  and  the  last  statement  issued  shows  the  total 
resources  amounting  to  nearly  $4,000,000 — a  pretty  large 
business,  as  almost  anyone  can  see.  Deposits  in  any  sum 
from  $i  to  $5000  are  received,  though  for  larger  amounts 
special  arrangements  with  the  President  and  Cashier  must  be 
made.  Four  per  cent  interest  on  deposits  is  paid. 

The   officers  are:  Joseph   F.  Smith,  President;  Anther* 


FINANCE  AND  TRADE. 


281 


H.  Lund,  Vice-President;  George*  M.JCannon.  Cashier; 
Lewis  M,  Cannon,  Assistant  Cashier;  Directors,  the  fore- 
going, with  T.  G.  Webber,  Angus  M.  Cannon,  James  JaclT, 


ZION'S   SAVINGS    BANK    &   TRUST   CO.    BUILDING. 

Francis  M.  Lyman,  John  T.  Caine,  George  Reynolds,  L. 
John  Nuttall,  Angus  J.  Cannon,  A.  O.  Woodruff,  Hyrum  M. 
Smith  and  John  R.  Winder;  George  M.  Cannon  being  Secre- 
tary of  the  board. 


FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  OGDEN 

[Cut  of  Building  OH  page  199.] 

ONE  of  the  solid  and  enduring  banking  institutions  of  the 
State  is  that  named  above,  an  excellent  cut  of  whose  large 
and  elegant  building  appears  as  above  stated.  It  is  the 
United  States  depository.  Its  capital  stock  is  $150,000,  its 

surplus  and  undivided   profits   are  $72,481,  its  deposits  reach 
10 


282  U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 

the  great  total  of  $1,466,454,  and  its  resources  amount  to  the 
enormous  sum  of  $1,726,430. 

The  officers  are  as  follows:  David  Eccles,  President; 
Thomas  D.  Dee,  Vice-President;  James  Pingree,  Cashier; 
John  Pingree,  Assistant  Cashier;  Directors,  those  named  and 
Barnard  White,  George  H.  Tribe,  Joseph  Clark,  Adam  Pat- 
terson, W.  W.  Riter  and  John  Watson. 

The  building  is  one  of  the  imposing  features  of  Ogden 
and  would  be  a  credit  to  any  metropolis;  while  the  directors 
are  men  whose  names  are  well  and  honorably  known  through- 
out the  whole  country. 


THE  BEET  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 

THE  pioneer  in  this  line  in  recent  years  is  the  Utah 
Sugar  Co.,  whose  factories  are  located  at  Garland,  Box  Elder 
Co.,  and  whose  first  factory  was  located  at  Lehi,  the  Lehi 
factory  having  been  enlarged  within  the  past  five  years  to 
three  times  its  original  capacity.  It  has  cutting  stations  at 
Bingham  Junction,  Provo  and  Springville,  which  are  con- 
nected by  pipe-line  with  the  central  factory  at  Lehi. 

The  sugar  production  commenced  in  the  year  1890  with 
1,100,000  Ibs.,  and  has  grown  to  a  production  in  1903,  in 
Utah  alone,  of  50,000,000  pounds.  This  industry  is  proba- 
bly capable  of  further  expansion  in  the  State,  and  though  the 
consumption  of  sugar  in  the  State  alone  amounts  to  only  20,- 
000,000  Ibs.,  adjacent  States  are  supplied  and  the  surplus  is 
taken  to  the  Missouri  River.  As  to  the  further  expansion, 
that  entirely  depends  upon  the  price  that  sugar  can  be  pro- 
duced for. 

AMALGAMATED    SUGAR    CO. 

The  Amalgamated  Sugar  Company  was  incorporated 
Juiy  1.  1902,  with  a  capitalization  of  $4,000,000,  of  which 
amount  $2,551,500  worth  of  capital  stock  was  issued,  two- 
thirds  of  which  is  preferred  and  one  third  common.  The 
corporation  then  absorbed  the  factories  at  Ogden,  Logan, 


FINANCE  AND  TRADE. 


283 


and  La  Grande,  Oregon.  The  officers  are — David  Eccles, 
President;  Thomas  D.  Dee,  Vice  President;  H.  H.  Rolapp, 
Secretary;  C.  W.  Nibley,  Treasurer;  Directors,  the  fore- 
going, with  Joseph  F.  Smith,  F.  J.  Kiesel,  Hyrum  H.  Spence, 
E.  P.  Ellison,  Joseph  Scowcroft,  Adam  Patterson,  Joseph 
Clark  and  G.  W.  Stoddard. 

The  Amalgamated  Sugar  Company  employs  on  an  aver- 


OGDEN  SUGAR  FACTORY. 

age  about  120  men  at  each  of  its  factories,  and  has  a  monthly 
payroll  of  fully  $30,000.  At  the  three  factories  they  use 
daily  180  tons  of  coal,  60  tons  of  lime  rock,  and  6  tons  of 
coke,  besides  a  large  quantity  of  sulphur,  soda,  tallow  and 
other  articles  used  for  the  purifying  and  crystallizing  of  the 
sugar.  It  is  truly  a  mammoth  industry  and  a  source  of  great 
revenue  to  the  stockholders  and  the  State. 


WOOLEN  MILLS. 

WHILE  Utah   is  well   supplied  in   the  matter  of  factories 
for  the  production  of  sugar  and  woolen  fabrics,  the  end  is  not 


2S4  U1AH  AS  IT  7£. 

yet  by  any  means.  The  oldest  of  these  institutions  is  the 
Provo  factory,  the  company  having  been  organized  in  the 
early  seventies  by  President  Brigham  Young,  whose  desire 
to  inaugurate  home  manufactures,  to  provide  labor  for  the 
people  and  to  keep  money  in  home  circulation,  is  well 
known.  For  years  the  factory  had  to  struggle  with  hard 
times,  crude  machinery,  and  lack  of  capital,  but  of  later 
years,  under  the  management  of  Hon.  Reed  Smoot,  it  has 
forged  steadily  ahead,  until  it  is  today  in  possession  of  all  the 
best  modern  machinery,  its  goods  are  in  active  demand,  and 
its  financial  position  is  of  the  strongest.  Hugh  Clayton  is 
now  manager.  The  goods  chiefly  manufactured  are  in  fine 
white,  mottled,  plain,  gray  and  vicima  blankets;  tricots,  cassi- 
meres.  ladies'  cloths,  linseys,  tweeds,  double,  single  and 
shoulder  shawls,  plain,  twilled  and  dress  flannels,  wool  batt- 
ing and  yarns.  The  following  are  the  officers:  Wm.  B. 
Preston,  President;  Joseph  R  Smith,  Vice-President;  Thos. 
R.  Cutler,  Reed  Smoot,  George  Romney,  J.  R.  Barnes,  C. 
S.  Burton,  Wm.  W.  Riter,  John  C.  Cutler,  Directors.  W. 
E.  Bassett  is  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

Cutler  Bros.  Co.  of  36  Main  Street,  Salt  Lake  City, 
have  been  the  agents  of  the  Provo  Woolen  Mills  since  1877, 
when  President  Brigham  Young,  who  was  then  the  largest 
stockholder  in  the  company,  rented  the  historic  "Old  Con- 
stitution Building"  to  John  C.  Cutler  and  named  him  to  act 
as  their  agent;  after  the  death  of  President  Young,  part  of 
the  land  where  the  Old  Constitution  building  stood  was  bought 
by  him,  and  he,  with  others,  built  the  present  Constitution 
building,  where  the  Provo  Woolen  Mills  agency  is  still  located. 

There  is  another  factory  at  Hyrum,  Cache  County,  and 
one  at  Franklin,  Idaho,  owned  by  Utah  people;  but  these  are 
of  limited  capacity. 


TAYLOR  BROTHERS  CO.,  PROVO. 

SOME  idea  of   the  extent  of   this   big   business  institution 
can  be  had  from  the  accompanying  engraving.    It  was  estab- 


FINANCE  AND  TRADE. 


285 


Hshed  in  1866  and  has  steadily  grown  up  to  its  present  pro- 
portions from  the  transactions  extending  throughout  Utah 
and  far  into  its  surroundings.  Twenty-two  persons  are  em- 
ployed. The  trade  is  in  complete  house  furnishings  and 
music,  wholesale  and  retail,  and  is  a  pioneer  in  that  line. 
The  total  floorage  is  28,780  feet.  The  company  was  incor- 
porated in  1890  with  a  capital  of  $50,000,  all  paid  up,  shares 
$100  each,  the  officers  being  as  follows:  Eliza  N.  Taylor, 
President;  Thomas  N.  Taylor,  Vice-President  and  Manager; 


TAYLOR  BROTHERS,  PROVO. 

John  D.  Dixon,  Secretary  and  Treasurer;  Arthur  N.  Taylor 
and  Maud  Taylor,  directors.  There  is  a  branch  house  at 
Eureka,  Tintic. 

Manager  Taylor,  a  not  altogether  satisfactory  portrait 
of  whom  appears  on  page  207,  is  an  old  and  skilled  hand 
at  the  business,  having  been  at  it  twenty-five  years  and  in 
charge  of  this  establishment  since  1887.  He  has  twice  been 
Mayor  of  Provo  and  was  a  good  one.  He  was  born  in 


286  UTAH  AS  II  IS. 

that  place  on  July  28,  1868;  was  married  to  Maud  Rogers 
in  September,  1889,  and  seven  children,  five  boys  and  two 
girls,  have  been  born  to  them.  Mr.  Taylor  is  something  of 
a  "horse  crank,"  having  imported  some  of  the  best  horses 
ever  brought  into  the  State,  and  is  a  progressive  citizen 
generally. 


SINGLETON  CLOTHING  CO.,  PROVO. 

THIS  is  distinctively  a  home  institution  and  as  such  is 
entitled  to  extensive  mention.  All  the  clothing  and  woolen 
fabrics  sold  in  the  store  are  made  by  the  firm,  the  ma- 
terials being  bought  from  the  great  Woolen  Mills  of  Provo, 
whose  fame  extends  throughout  the  land.  The  superintendent 
is  Albert  Singleton,  a  well  known  citizen  of  Provo,  whose 
portrait  appears  on  page  207. 

Mr.  Singleton  was  born  at  Winsham,  Somersetshire, 
England,  on  July  3,  1843.  His  parents  were  Francis  and 
Amelia  Ann  Singleton.  He  went  to  the  local  schools  and 
at  an  early  age  learned  the  tailoring  trade.  In  1873  he 
bade  his  native  land  adieu,  and  in  November  of  that  year  ar- 
rived in  Salt  Lake  City,  where  he  followed  various  occu- 
pations for  about  ten  months,  when  he  went  to  Provo  and 
engaged  with  the  Co-operative  store,  remaining  till  1895, 
when  he  established  the  business  he  is  now  in,  having  re- 
mained there  all  the  time  from  his  first  arrival.  He  is  a 
man  of  family,  having  a  wife  and  six  children.  He  is  largely 
interested  in  mining  affairs,  being  President  of  the  Golden 
Queen  Mining  Co.,  whose  property  consists  of  six  claims  of 
low  grade  gold  ore,  more  or  less  developed,  near  the  cele- 
brated Annie  Laurie,  Gold  Hill,  Piute  County. 

INTERMOUNTAIN  MILLING  CO. 

ABOUT  thirty  years  ago  George  Husler  started  a  burr 
mill  for  grinding  wheat  into  flour  on  Mill  Creek,  some  three 


FINANCE  AND  TRADE. 


287 


miles  south  of  Salt  Lake  City.  The  capacity  of  the  mill,  like 
everything  else  in  those  days,  was  somewhat  limited;  but — 
also,  like  everything  else,  predestined  to  success — it  has 
grown  amazingly.  The  business  grew  into  the  corporation 
above  named  in  1894,  having  been  steadily  advancing  and 
improving  right  along.  It  is  now  a  giant  roller  mill  with  a 
capacity  of  250  barrels  a  day,  having  distributing  points  all 
over  this  part  of  the  country.  The  officers  of  the  corpora- 


HUSLER  FLOUR  MILLS 

Inter-Mountain  Milling  e°- 


.      - 


INTER-MOUNTAIN   MIIJvING  CO. 

tion  are:  W.  S.McCornick,  President;  W.  R.  Wallace,  Vice- 
President;  C,  K.  McCornick,  Treasurer;  R.  E.  Miller,  Secre- 
tary and  Manager;  N.  L.  Morris,  M.  M.  Miller  and  J.  R.  Miller 
(with  the  foregoing)  Directors. 

The  manager,  R.  E.  Miller,  was  born  in  Mill  Creek,  now 
Murray,  on  October  30,  1869.  He  is  a  son  of  that  stalwart 
Pioneer  and^  State  builder,  Reuben  Miller  and  his  wife  Mar- 
garet Gardner.  The  father  occupied  many  public  stations  of 


288  UTAH  AS  IT  JS. 

trust  and  responsibility,  and  was  respected  far  and  wide.  The 
son  attended  the  local  schools  and  finally  graduated  from  the 
Deseret  University,  where  he  had  a  four  [years'  term,  from 
1882  to  1887.  after  which  he  taught  school  for  five  years, 
then  went  into  the  milling  business.  In  1892  he  was  a  can- 
didate for  the  Legislature;  it  was  a  three-cornered  fight — 
Democrats,  Republicans  and  Liberals  having  each  a  ticket 
up,  he  being  with  the  former,  and  the  latter  winning. 

Mr.  Miller  has  been  Secretary  of   the  company  since  its 
formation  and  Manager  since  1898. 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  BELL  TELEPHONE. 

ONE  of  the  greatest  works  undertaken  by  any  of  our 
institutions  in  late  years  is  that  now  under  way  by  the  Rocky 
Mountain  Bell  Telephone  Company  of  furnishing  com- 
munication to  the  farmers  of  Utah.  Idaho,  Montana  and 
Wyoming. 

This  essentially  Western  association  of  men  has  for  the 
last  twenty  years  been  continuously  found  upon  the  frontier 
of  civilization,  its  glittering  threads  of  intelligence  piercing 
the  forests  and  clinging  to  the  mountain  tops,  lending  their 
mighty  aid  to  the  development  of  the  mineral  resources  of  the 
great  West;  always  the  surest,  promptest  and  most  satis- 
factory mode  of  communication,  preceding  the  railroad  and 
in  many  cases  months  ahead  of  even  wagon  roads,  now  we 
find  them  entering  with  their  usual  vigor  and  pioneer  spirit 
the  field  of  bringing  the  scattered  ranches  of  the  intermoun- 
tain  region  into  instant  communication  will  each  other  and 
with  their  market  centers.  Who  of  all  the  people  who  inhabit 
the  earth  have  more  urgent  need  of  prompt  communication 
than  these  same  farmers  and  ranchers? 

The  rapidity  with  which  the  company's  rural  circuits 
are  being  filled  up  all  over  the  country  is  the  best  indica- 
tion of  the  appreciation  of  the  service  by  those  for  whom 


FINANCE  AND  TRADE. 


289 


the  experiment  was  inaugurated  and  that  the  compensation 
asked  is  within  the  reach  of  even  the  smallest  tiller  of  the 
soil.  Since  the  matter  was  first  presented  to  the  ranchmen, 
less  than  four  months  ago,  over  eight  hundred  such  in- 
struments have  been  installed  in  Utah  and  Idaho  alone 
with  many  orders  remaining  unfilled  owing  to  inability  to 
secure  labor  and  assemble  the  material  for  the  equipment 
of  the  lines. 

This   phenomenal   expansion  as  well  as  the  many  miles 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   BEU,  TELEPHONE. 


290  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

of  toll  line  extensions  is  being  felt  in  the  remarkable  exchange 
increases.  Especially  is  this  true  of  Salt  Lake,  there  now 
being  in  operation  in  Salt  Lake  over  four  thousand  five 
hundred  telephones,  in  the  neighborhood  of  one  thousand  six 
hundred  being  of  the  popular  $1.00  per  month  house  tele- 
phone. 

This  vast  system  of  toll  lines  and  exchanges  radiates 
from  and  is  managed  in  Salt  Lake  where  the  company's 
headquarters  building  is  located,  over  half  a  million  dollars 
of  Utah  money  being  represented  as  well  as  large  sums  from 
all  the  other  States  in  which  the  company  operates. 

Its  board  of  directors  and  officers  are  picked  from  the 
sturdy  pioneers  of  every  branch  of  Western  industry.  They 
are  as  follows: 

.  Board  of  Directors :  George  Y.Wallace, President;  Thomas 
Marshall;  James  Ivers;  Geo.  M.  Downey,  Vice-President; 
Alonzo  Burt;  T.  P.  Fish;  W.  S.  McCornick,  Treasurer; 
C.  W.  Clark;  H.  C.  Hill,  Secretary;  D.  S.  Murray,  General 
Manager. 


THE   HOTELS. 

DOUBTLESS  there  is  no  place  in  the  world  where  hostel- 
ries,  in  point  of  number,  capacity  and  general  excellence,  are 
proportionately  ahead  of  those  of  Salt  Lake  City.  Five  of 
them  would  not  be  out  of  place  in  any  great  metropolis,  so 
thoroughly  up  to  date  are  they  in  all  general  requirements. 
Ogden  also  is  well  provided,  so  is  Provo,  and,  in  fact,  every 
place  of  any  consequence  has  its  headquarters  for  the  trav- 
eler, with  accommodations  fully  equal  to  the  locality  in  all 
reasonable  requirements. 

One  of  the  leading  hotels,  if  not  the  leading  one,  of 
Salt  Lake  City,  and  thereby  of  the  State,  is  that  whose  picture 
accompanies  this  article — the  Kenyon.  It  is  a  comparatively 


292 


U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 


new  establishment,  yet  not  so  new  as  to  be  in  the  experimen- 
tal stage,  its  reputation  for  good  treatment  of  guests  in  great 
numbers  being  widespread.  It  has  over  ^oo  rooms,  each 
completely  equipped  with  all  modern  conveniences,  including 
local  and  long  distance  telephones,  and  is  conducted  on  both 
the  European  and  American  plans.  Don  Porter  is  the  pro- 
prietor, and  a  thoroughly  experienced  and  progressive  one 
he  is.  his  retinue  of  assistants  being  like  unto  him. 


CASTLE   GATE,    UTAH 

One  of  the  points  of  interest  by  reason  of  its  scenic  splendor  as  well  as  relat- 
ing to  the  great  coal  strike  of  1903. 


THE   CATHOLICS. 


UTAH'S  SECOND   CHURCH,  ITS   INCEPTION, 
GROWTH  AND  WORKS. 

THE  first  Catholic  church  in  Salt  Lake  City  was  erected 
in  1871,  and  dedicated  to  St.  Mary  Magdalen  by  Arch- 
bishop J.  S.  Allemany,  who  assumed  temporary  jurisdiction 
of  Utah  early  the  same  year.  He  appointed  Rev.  P.  Walsh 
pastor,  and  it  was  through  his  efforts  and  the  liberality  of  all 
classes  of  citizens  that  the  speedy  erection  of  the  church  was 
accomplished.  In  the  early  part  of  the  following  year  the 
first  mission,  under  the  direction  of  Father  Walsh,  was  given 
in  the  newly  dedicated  church,  by  Father  Bouchard,  S.  J.,  of 
San  Francisco.  The  next  year  Father  Walsh,  who  had  the 
esteem  and  confidence  of  the  entire  community,  was  recalled 
to  San  Francisco.  Rev.  L.  Scanlan,  who  had  pastoral  charge 
of  the  Catholic  church  at  Petaluma,  Cal.,was  appointed  to  suc- 
ceed Father  Walsh  in  Utah.  He  arrived  in  Salt  Lake  City  Aug. 
14,  1873,  and  has  since,  as  pastor,  vicar  forane,  vicar  apostolic, 
and  bishop,  faithfully  and  zealously  ministered  to  the  spiritual 
wants  of  the  Catholics  of  Utah.  When  he  assumed  charge 
there  was  only  one  church  in  the  entire  Territory,  and  that 
encumbered  with  a  heavy  indebtedness.  His  charge  em- 
braced the  largest  area  of  any  pastor  in  the  United  States, 
but  his  flock  were  few.  Like  the  church  in  the  Canacle,  or 
emerging  fronx  the  upper  chamber  of  the  morning  of  Pente- 
cost, poor  in  a  worldly  sense,  so  was  the  commencement  of 
the" pastoral  charge  of  the  present  Bishop  of  Salt  Lake  thirty 


- 


y> 


RT.   REV.   L.   SCANLAN,    BISHOP 


THE  CATHOLICS.  295 

years  ago.  With  apostolic  zeal,  the  privations  which  sur- 
rounded him  gave  zest  and  energy  to  his  missionary  spirit. 
His  only  luxury  was  the  happiness  resulting  from  his  success- 
ful labors  and  undertakings. 

It  was  in  1887  that  Father  Scanlan  was  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Salt  Lake.  Up  to  that  time  Salt  Lake  had  been 
part  of  the  archdiocese  of  San^Francisco,  and  Father  Scanlan 
was  laboring  in  that  metropolis  until  the  time  Sah  Lake  be- 
came a  diocese  and  the  Bishop  became  the  ruling  spirit.  He 
has  passed  through  all  the  trials  which  accompany  the  build- 
ing up  of  a  Catholic  congregation  in  an  almost  new  field,  but 
he  undertook  the  task  with  his  usual  manly  determination, 
and  now  he  is  able  to  see  on  all  sides  with  pride  the  mag- 
nificent results  of  his  years  of  struggle  and  constant  effort. 

For  several  years  the  small  c:ithedral  on  Second  East 
street  was  the  only  structure  for  Catholic  worship,  large 
enough  to  accommodate  about  two  hundred  members.  The 
remarkable  growth  and  increase  of  the  church  in  recent 
years  made  the  erection  of  a  larger  edifice  imperative,  and 
today  the  splendid  architectural  triumph — the  new  St.  Mary 
Magdalen  cathedral — is  nearing  completion  in  consequence, 
The  generous  contributions  of  Mrs.  A.  H.  Tarbet  and  Mrs. 
Mary  Judge,  O.  J.  Salisbury,  W.  S.  McCornick,  James 
Ivers,  David  Keith  and  J.  J.  Daly,  which  assured  a  fund  of 
$70,000,  determined  the  Bishop  to  proceed  with  the  work, 
and  plans  were  secured  from  Architect  Neuhausen.  In  1891 
the  plat  on  East  South  Temple  street  was  purchased  and  re- 
served for  the  purpose.  Contributions  continued  to  pour  in, 
and  no  better  indication  of  the  substantial  progress  of  the 
Catholic  church  here  can  be  found  than  in  the  fact  that 
rsince  the  work  of  construction  was  begun,  fully  $120,000  has 
been  expended.  In  the  meantime  treble  that  has  been  ex- 
pended on  other  Catholic  institutions  in  this  city,  It  is  esti- 
mated that  the  total  Catholic  population  in  this  diocese  is  from 
10,000  to  11,000,  and  is  being  wonderfully  augmented  year 
$>y  year. 


THE  CATHOLICS.  297 

The  new  cathedral  wiU  be  an  imposing  and  picturesque 
edifice.  The  location,  commanding  a  far-reaching  sweep  of 
the  valley,  is  a  worthy  setting  for  the  architectural  jewel. 
The  site  has  a  frontage  on  two  streets,  and  the  building  will, 
be  within  easy  and  conspicuous  view  from  almost  any  part  of 
the  valley.  The  architecture  is  in  the  fashion  of  the  late 
Romanesque,  which  is  another  name  for  the  early  Gothic.  Two 
tall  towers,  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  high  when  finished, 
will  face  to  the  south,  and  the  vaulted  roof  will  reach  to  a 
height  of  about  sixty  feet.  The  building  will  be  one  hundred 
and  eighty  feet  in  length  by  ninety-six  feet  in  width.  Within  it 
will  be  ornate  with  the  most  elaborate  and  elegant  appoint- 
ments available*,  the  seating  capacity  being  for  twelve  hun- 
dred persons. 

This  imposing  place  of  worship,  built  in  the  bosom  of 
the  Western  mountains,  is  significant  before  the  world.  It  will 
be  a  perpetual  monument.  It  will  tell  of  what  militant  Cath- 
olicism can  achieve  from  meagre  beginnings,  and  will  be- 
speak eloquently  the  struggles  and  toil  of  Bishop  Scanlan  and 
his  brethren  through  the  dark  years  and  their  eventual 
triumph. 

During  Bishop  Scanlan's  early  incumbency,  and  whilst 
he  was  endeavoring  to  liquidate  the  debt  of  $6000  which 
hung  over  the  little  church,  he  also  secured  the  ground 
upon  which  St.  Mary's  Academy  now  stands.  Purchase  of 
this  site  was  made  here  in  1874. 

Before  St.  Mary's  Academy  was  completed,  another 
institution,  to  be  conducted  by  the  sisters,  became  a  neces- 
sity, and  this  materialized  in  the"  Hospital  of  the  Holy  Cross. 
Early  in  October,  1875,  Sisters  M.  Holy  Cross  and  M.  Bar- 
tholomew, prepared  to  act  as  Good  Samaritans  to  the  poor 
and  sick  and  maimed,  arrived  in  Salt  Lake,  and  on  October 
22  began  work  humbly,  unostentatiously  and  full  of  the  spirit  of 
the  Good  Master,  in  a  rented  building  on  Fifth  East  between 
South  Temple  and  First  South  streets.  They  were  pre-emi- 
nently successful.  Their  chanty  in  behalf  of  suffering 
20 


298  VI AH  AS  II  IS. 

humanity  won  for  them  from  a  grateful  people  the  true  title 
of  angels  of  mercy  and  real  Sisters  of  Charity.  As  a  mark 
of  their  success  the  present  beautiful  hospital,  with  its 
spacious  grounds,  stands  a  noble  monument.  To  Bishop 
Scanlan  and  his  associates  are  due  the  credit  for  the  incep- 
tion ot  this  beneficent  institution. 

Soon  after  the  Sisters  entered  the  new  hospital  Father 
Scanlan  set  about  to  provide  the  children  of  his  flock  with  a 
school  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city.  As  a  result,  school 
was  opened  in  September,  1882,  in  the  large,  airy  room  of 
the  basement.  Sixty  scholars  were  in  daily  attendance.  Its 
influence  for  good  was  so  manifest  that  it  continued  to  pros- 
per and  received  everv  encouragement  that  its  zealous 
founder  could  offer.  It  was  conducted  successfully  for  four- 
teen years,  but  in  1896,  during  the  temporary  absence  of  its 
patron  and  founder,  it  was  closed,  and  has  remained  so 
since. 

The  site  upon  which  All  Hallows  College  now  stands 
was  secured  on  January  8,  1881,  it  being  the  original  inten- 
tion to  erect  a  new  hospital  thereon.  In  the  spring  of  1885 
plans  for  the  present  college  were  made  by  Henry  Monheim, 
ground  was  broken  and  the  work  of  construction  began.  In 
September  of  the  following  year  school  was  opened.  Rev. 
P.  Blake,  the  pastor  of  Park  City,  assumed  the  presidency, 
and  with  a  corps  of  efficient  teachers,  All  Hallows  College 
became  one  of  the  leading  factors  in  this  intermountain  region. 
Its  present  status  and  magnificent  results  are  more  extensively 
commented  on  in  succeeding  pages. 

Soon  after  the  opening  of  All  Hallows  College  in  Sep- 
tember. 1886,  Father  Scanlan  received  news  of  his  appoint- 
ment as  Bishop  of  Salt  Lake  City.  The  news  arrived  Sep- 
tember 16,  through  the  Associated  Press,  but  it  was  not  until 
the  following  April  that  Rome  sent  the  bull  by  which  he 
learned  the  nature  and  extent  of  his  official  jurisdiction.  He 
was  appointed  Bishop  of  Larandum  and  Vicar  Apostolic  of 
Utah  and  the  counties  of  Eureka,  Lander,  Lincoln,  White 


THE  CATHOLICS.  299 

Pine,  Nye  and  Elko  in  the  State  of  Nevada,  embracing  an. 
area  of  nearly  155,000  square  miles.  Bishop  Scanlan's  con- 
secration took  place  in  St.  Mary's  Cathedral,  San  Francisco, 
June  29,  1887.  Archbishop  Riordan,  assisted  by  Right  Revs. 
Eugene  O'Connell  and  P.  Manogue,  officiated  on  the  occasion. 
Very  Rev.  J.  J.  Prendergast  preached. 

It  was  in  1889  that  Bishop  Scanlan  commenced  the 
erection  of  his  present  residence,  and  being  completed  in  1891, 
moved  into  it  that  year.  His  former  residence  was  now  va- 
cant, and  it  was  decided  to  devote  it  to  the  purpose  of  a  new 
institution.  He  had  long  been  considering  the  great  need  of 
an  orphanage,  where  orphans  and  children  of  neglectful  pa- 
rents could  receive  attention.  St.  Ann's  Orphanage  was 
then  founded,  and  on  October  15,  1891.  three  sisters  from  St. 
Mary's  Academy  at  Notre  Dame,  Ind.,  arrived  and  took 
charge  of  St.  Ann's.  Twice  since  its  opening  Bishop  Scan- 
Ian  was  obliged  to  enlarge  the  building  in  order  to  accommo- 
date the  many  applicants,  and  in  June,  1898,  he  secured  an 
option  on  fifteen  acres  of  land  south  of  Twelfth  South  and 
between  Fourth  and  Fifth  East.  The  result  was  that  in  May 
of  1899,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Kearns  called  on  Bishop 
Scanlan,  and  quietly  told  him  that  $50,000  was  at  his  disposal 
to  build  a  suitable  home  for  the  orphanage.  Ground  was 
broken  in  June  and  the  corner  stcne  laid  August  27,  before 
an  immense  concourse  of  people.  Bishop  Scanlan  officiated 
and  preached  the  sermon,  other  speakers  being  Governor 
H.  M.  Wells,  Senator  Rawlins,  C.  S.  Varian  and  Thomas 
Kearns.  This  splendid  charity  is  now  known  as  the 
'•Kearns  St.  Ann's  Orphanage." 

Some  years  prior  to  this,  or  in  1889,  a  lot  four  by  eight 
rods  was  purchased  for  a  church  in  which  the  spiritual  needs 
of  the  Catholics  living  on  the  west  side  of  the  city  could  be 
supplied,  and  in  1892  the  adjoining  corner  was  also  secured. 
On  the  last  mentioned  lot  was  a  brick  cottage  and  frame 
building,  which  has  since  October  16,  1892,  been  used  as  a. 
church  by  the  people  of  the  west  side, 


CATHOLIC   CATHEDRA!,, 


THE  CATHOLICS.  301 

Were  all  the  numerous  and  interesting  features  of  the 
remarkable  life-work  of  Bishop  Scanlan,  during  the  growth 
and  development  of  the  Catholic  church  and  its  connections 
in  this  State  particularly,  to  be  published,  it  would  require  a 
volume  larger  than  this  to  contain  them;  but  no  greater  tribute 
to  its  magnificent  success,  no  more  glorious  monument  could 
be  had,  than  the  material  results  embodied  in  noble  cathedral 
and  beneficent  institutions  which  beautify  this  city  and  State, 
and  which  proclaim  with  an  eloquence  more  potent  than 
words  the  fame  and  affection  which  are  his. 

Prosperous  branches  of  the  church  have  also  been 
established  in  Ogden,  Park  City,  Bingham,  Mercur  and  in 
several  other  important  places  throughout  the  State. 


ASSISTANT  CLERGY. 

THE  following  are  the  assistants  to  Bishop  Scanlan  of 
the  Catholic  church  in  this  city: 

Rev.  D.  Kiely,  V.  G.,  who  came  here  in  1874,  from  San 
Francisco,  and  has  been  here  continuously  since. 

Rev.  M.  Curran,  arrived  from  Ireland  in  1897. 

Rev.  William  F.  Morrissey,  arrived  from  Ireland  in  1898. 

Rev.  P.  Bulfamonte,  came  from  Sicily  in  1899  to  take 
charge  of  the  Italian  communicants  of  the  church. 

Rev.  Paul  Donovan,  arrived  in  1903  from  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 


ALL  HALLOWS  COLLEGE. 

UNDER  the  shadow  of  the  Cross  the  lamp  of  knowledge 
has  been  kept  burning  through  the  centuries,  from  central 
see  to  farthest  outpost,  ever  advancing  to  illumine  the 


302  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

pathway  to  higher  aims  and  nobler  aspirations.  In  the  devel- 
opment of  the  West,  throughout  the  evolution  of  barren 
wastes  into  sovereign  States,  the  Fathers  of  the  Catholic 
church  have  been  mighty  factors — here  as  elsewhere.  Plant- 
ing their  banners  on  the  ramparts  of  the  frontier,  they  stood 
for  Faith  and  Industry.  They  wooed  the  savage  and  taught 
him  the  arts  of  peace.  School  houses  were  built  and 
ignorance  was  made  war  against.  Then  primitive  structures 
developed,  with  increasing  population,  into  handsome  edifices, 
and  knowledge  spread.  The  church  prospered  and  civiliza- 
tion reared  its  monuments  in  temples  o'er  shrines  to  Intel- 
lectuality and  Truth.  Human  destiny  was  being  wrought 
out. 

Among  all  the  beneficent  institutions  which  throughout 
the  West  reflect  the  wisdom  and  enterprise  of  the  Catholic 
church  and  pre-eminently  proclaim  its  efficiency  in  promoting 
the  educational  as  well  as  the  spiritual  development  of  all 
within  its  pale,  there  is  none  more  deserving  of  prominent 
notice  than  All  Hallows  College  of  Salt  Lake  City.  Its  his- 
tory during  the  past  seventeen  years  has  been  replete  with 
interest,  not  only  to  the  educator  as  such,  but  to  all  who  are 
observant  of  the  forces  which  make  for  progress  and  good 
citizenship. 

Founded  in  1886  by  the  Right  Reverend  Bishop  Scan- 
Ian,  when  existing  conditions  were  more  or  less  problematical 
of  success,  the  institution  appealed  to  the  filial  feelings  of  the 
church's  communicants  scattered  through  this  inter-mountain 
region,  and  for  those  years,  under  the  direction  of  Bishop 
Scanlan,  the  college  slowly  but  firmly  grew  in  strength  and 
favor.  In  1889,  however,  the  Marist  Fathers  assumed  con- 
trol, and  with  the  increased  influx  of  population,  which 
changing  conditions  brought  about,  All  Hallows  entered  upon 
a  period  of  greater  and  growing  prosperity,  owing  chiefly  to 
the  wise  direction  and  efficient  training  of  the  new  regime. 
The  excellence  of  results,  the  high  standard  and  salutary  dis- 
cipline maintained,  the  superior  manhood  which  emerged 


304  U1AH  AS  11  IS. 

from  its  portals,  to  take  active  part  in  the  battle  of  life,  and 
the  broadminded  tolerance  which  produced  the  exerting  of 
influences  over  the  minds  of  students  not  of  the  Catholic  per- 
suasion, have  brought  All  Hallows  to  the  realization  of  its 
present  splendid  popularity. 

The  Fathers,  of  course,  combine  their  instruction  with 
every  effort  to  instill  into  the  hearts  and  minds  of  their  pupils 
those  fundamental  principles  of  religion  and  virtue  calculated 
to  make  true  men  and  useful  citizens.  The  college  is  kept 
abreast  of  the  times,  and  whilst  harmonizing  with  local 
wants  and  desires,  it  is  maintained  as  a  model  center  of  men- 
tal and  moral  culture.  Those  whose  means  for  the  acqui- 
sition of  a  liberal  education  are  ample,  as  well  as  those  who 
are  constrained  by  circumstances  to  the  attainment  of  imme- 
diate practical  knowledge,  may  have  their  needs  supplied, 
with  every  consideration  and  facility  inferior  to  no  other 
college  any v.  here. 

The  college  buildings  are  commodious,  and  the  class 
rooms,  study  halls,  bath  rooms,  dining  halls  and  dormitories 
are  arranged  with  a  view  to  comfort  and  convenience,  being 
well  ventilated  and  lightsome,  and  fitted  up  with  the  latest 
improvements,  steam  heating,  electricity,  etc.  Every  pos- 
sible precaution  against  fire  has  been  taken,  the  building 
being  equipped  with  fire  escapes  and  each  story  provided 
with  hose  and  connections.  The  increasing  popularity  of 
the  college  is  eloquently  attested  by  the  handsome  new 
structure  just  erected  this  year  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $100,000, 
and  containing  sixty  additional  rooms.  Gymnastics  and  ath- 
letics are  also  amply  provided  for,  and  altogether  All  Hal- 
lows is  a  college  ideal  and  complete. 

To  the  Very  Rev.  John  J.  Guinan,  S.  M.,  the  present 
president  and  treasurer,  much  praise  is  due  for  the  able  efforts 
that  have  resulted  in  such  great  success,  so  that  today, 
architecturally,  educationally  and  financially,  All  Hallows 
stands  in  the  foreground  of  institutions  of  which  not  only  the 
great  Catholic  church  but  the  State  may  well  be  proud. 


THE  OTHER  CHURCHES. 


SHOWING    OF    THE    DIFFERENT    DENOMINA- 
TIONS HERE. 


question  of  how  Christianity  in  its  strictly  sectarian  as- 
-*•  pects  flourishes  in  the  land  discovered  and  built  up  by  those 
to  whom  all  the  other  creeds  are  more  or  less  opposed,  is 
one  of  more  general  interest  to  those  at  a  distance,  perhaps, 
than  those  who  are  daily  witnesses  of  the  situation,  and  yet 
not  devoid  of  interest  here  at  home.  Also,  the  founding,  the 
founders  and  the  general  status  of  each  of  the  organizations 
are  matters  of  no  little  concern  to  the  reading  public  at  large, 
while  of  decided  importance  to  more  than  a  few.  The  re- 
straints imposed  upon  the  book  as  a  whole  and  this  depart- 
ment in  particular  —  those  of  time  and  space  —  are  apparent, 
so  that  great  particularity  and  elaboration  are  not  to  be  looked 
for;  but  enough  is  given  to  make  the  showing  as  a  whole  a 
very  fair  one. 


PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 

THE  House  of  Bishops  of  this  organization  held  a  special 
session  in  October,  1866,  and  created  a  new  missionary  field 
of  which  Utah  was  part,  and  the  well  and  favorably  known 
minister  Daniel  S.  Tuttle  was  assigned  thereto.  He  was 


306  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

preceded  to  Utah  by  his  helpers,  Revs.  George  W.  Foote 
and  T.  W.  Haskins,  they  arriving  in  May,  18^7.  They 
secured  the  old  Independence  Hall,  Salt  Lake  City,  and  here 
the  first  services  were  held.  The  mission  was  given  the 
name  of  St.  Mark's.  Bishop  Tuttle  arrived  July  2d,  1867. 
A  school  was  soon  established  as  an  adjunct,  which  grew 
vigorously,  converts  became  numerous,  and  a  fine  school 
building  was  erected  on  East  First  South  Street.  To  this  es- 
tablishment is  due  the  honor  of  holding  the  first  school  com 
mencement.  It  is  needless  to  say  the  church  is  in  a  flourish- 
ing condition.  At  this  writing  the  bishopric  is  vacant 
through  the  death  of  Rev.  Abiel  Leonard. 

Ground  was  broken  in  June,  1870,  for  a  grand  cathedral, 
which  was  finished  September  3,  1871.  The  church  has 
many  other  institutions  and  several  branches  in  Utah,  all 
doing  well,  among  them  the  widely  known  and  largely  pat- 
ronized Rowland  Hall. 

This  institution  (an  excellent  cut  of  which  appears  here- 
with) is  one  of  the  well  known  and  widely  popular  creations 
of  our  Episcopal  friends.  It  was  23  years  old  on  September 
9,  1903.  Its  aim  is  to  give  intellectual  training,  combined 
with  social  culture  and  Christian  influence,  and  special  atten- 
tion is  given  to  the  manners,  habits  and  conversation  of  pupils, 
as  well  as  to  their  studies.  The  hall  is  located  in  a  healthful 
and  attractive  portion  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  is  so  arranged, 
equipped  and  conducted  as  to  be  not  only  a  school  but  a  well- 
ordered  home.  It  was  established  for  the  convenience  of 
those  desiring  to  prepare  their  daughters  for  Eastern  colleges 
(or  give  them  a  finished  education  without  sending  them 
East),  and  in  this  connection  it  is  proper  to  say  that  its  cer- 
tificate admits  to  either  Smith  or  Wellesley  colleges,  this 
being  the  only  college  recognized  by  Eastern  ones  as  a  pre- 
paratory school. 

Very  Rev.  James  B.  Eddie  is  Vice-Rector  and  Chaplain; 
Miss  Clara  I.  Colburne,  A.  B.,  is  Principal,  having  held  the 
position  for  ten  years.  The  faculty  otherwise  are  as  follows : 


•308  U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 

Miss  Martha  K.  Humphrey  (Smith  College),  Mathematics 
and  Science;  Miss  Annie  Starling,  English;  Miss  Katharine 
Russell,  Latin  and  History;  Miss  Henrietta  English,  French 
and  German;  Miss  Miriam  Starling,  Preparatory  Department, 
Grades  V,  VI  and  VII;  Miss  Sarah  J.  Simpson,  Preparatory 
Department,  Grades  I,  II,  Illand  IV;  Miss  Gratia  Flanders. 
Piano  and  Musical  Literature;  Mrs.  Chas.  Plummer,  Vocal 
Music;  Mrs.  Franc  Elliot,  Supervisor  of  Drawing;  Mrs.  R.  H. 
Cabell,  Matron;  Miss  Louise  Sissa,  Home  Mother. 


PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 

IN  1869,  Rev.  Sheldon  Jackson,  who  had  previously  been 
appointed  superintendent  of  missions  for  this  region,  estab- 
lished Presbyterianism  at  Corinne,  Utah,  and  placed  Rev.  M. 
Hughes  in  charge.  The  church  was  organized  with  ten 
members  on  July  14,  1870,  and  a  building  for  worship  was 
soon  erected.  In  July,  1871,  it  was  decided  to  establish  a 
mission  in  Salt  Lake  City,  and  in  September,  1871,  Rev. 
Josiah  Welsh  was  duly  installed  as  pastor.  The  organization 
here  (also  with  ten  members)  was  on  November  12.  1871. 
A  lot  was  purchased  some  time  after  and  an  edifice  for  con- 
gregational services  begun  in  the  spring  of  1874,  being  dedi- 
cated October  ii  of  the  same  year.  The  present  pastor  is 
Rev.  Dr.  W.  M.  Paden,  a  man  of  great  energy  and  ability,  his 
term  having  proved  quite  successful.  The  church  has 
branches  all  through  the  State,  these  being  without  exception 
in  a  flourishing  condition. 


METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 

THIS  organization  (as  such)  entered  Utah  in  1869,  the 
entry  being  made  by  Rev.  L.  Hartsough,  who  visited  and 
preached  in  Salt  Lake  City.  He  was  subsequently  appointed 


THE  OTHER  CHURCHES.  309 

superintendent  of  the  Utah  mission.  In  the  Spring  of  1870 
Rev.  G.  M.  Pierce  was  appointed  to  this  work  and  held  his 
first  service  on  May  15,  in  the  loft  of  Faust  &  Houtz' 
livery  stable,  which  subsequently  did  service  as  the  arena  in 
which  the  United  States  court  held  sway.  Soon  after  a 
church  building  was  opened  and  dedicated  at  Corinne.  On 
August  8,  1872,  in  Salt  Lake  City,  the  Rocky  Mountain 
Conference,  embracing  Utah,  Montana,  Idaho  and  part  of 
Wyoming, was  organized.  Like  the  Episcopals,the  first  regular 
service  was  held  in  Independence  Hall,  the  date  being  May 
15,  1870,  In  December,  1871,  the  lower  story  of  the  church 
building  which  had  been  contracted  for  and  under  construc- 
tion for  some  little  time,  was  temporarily  enclosed  and  in  it 
the  services  were  thereafter  held.  It  became  a  fine  building, 
costing  over  $So,ooo.  Of  course  this  is  not  the  only  structure 
our  Methodist  friends  have.  They  are  an  exceedingly  ener- 
getic people  and  have  kept  things  going  until  their  ramifica- 
tions are  abundant  in  the  metropolis  and  throughout  the  State. 
Rev.  J.  L.  Leilich  is  the  present  presiding  elder. 


LUTHERAN    CHURCH. 

THE  most  numerous  membership  of  this  organization  is 
that  of  the  Swedish  Lutheran  Zion  Church,  which  was  or- 
ganized July  18,  1882,  with  five  members.  Since  its  organ- 
ization it  has  enrolled  no  less  than  four  hundred  members. 
It  stands  now  as  the  largest  Lutheran  congregation  in  the 
State.  Its  church  properly  is  centrally  located  in  one  of  the 
finest  residence  parts  and  at  the  same  time  near  to  the  busi- 
ness portion  of  the  city.  The  church  property  is  valued  at 
$40,000  and  the  congregation  owns  one  of  the  finest  par- 
sonages in  the  city.  Besides  this,  there  are  the  English* 
German  and  Norwegian  Lutherans,  each  with  a  goodly 
membership  and  prospects. 


310  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

What  can  be  said  to  the  credit  of  the  congregation  is  that 
it  owes  not  a  cent  on  its  church  property. 

The  different  societies  in  the  church  are  in  a  flourishing 
condition.  The  services  are  well  attended.  The  church  has 
always  treated  its  pastors  well,  which  accounts  for  the  fact 
that  during  twenty  years  the  church  has  not  had  more  than 
three  pastors,  the  present  incumbent  having  taken  charge 
within  two  years.  The  first  pastor  was  J.  A.  Krantz,  now  of 
Duluth,  Minn.  He  was  succeeded  by  F.  A.  Linder,  now  of 
Marquette,  Mich.  Following  him  was  A.  P.  Martin  now  of 
Chicago,  111.  Rev.  P.  E.  Asley  was  his  successor.  The 
present  incumbent  of  the  pastoral  office,  Rev.  Emanuel 
Rydberg,  arrived  here  from  Chicago,  where  he  left  an  im- 
portant charge  to  come  to  the  Zion  Church  and  to  the  super- 
intendency  of  the  Swedish  Lutheran  missions  in  the  State. 
He  took  charge  in  April,  1902,  and  his  efforts  have  been 
crowned  with  success  not  only  in  the  local  work,  but  also  in 
the  State,  he  having  organized  no  less  than  three  new  congre- 
gations within  a  year.  The  Zion  church  desires  to  continue, 
as  it  hitherto  has  been,  a  beacon  of  light  and  hope  to  the 
thousands  of  Swedish  inhabitants  in  Salt  Lake. 


BAPTIST  CHURCH, 

AFTER  some  more  or  less  intangible  beginnings,  the  Bap- 
tists effected  an  organization  in  Salt  Lake  City,  on  February, 
1872,  Rev.  Mr.  Brown,  of  EvanstOn,  Wyo.,  officiating.  In  July, 
1882,  Rev.  Dwight  Spencer  reinaugurated  the  work,  regular 
services  beginning  in  October  following.  He  secured  help 
and  soon  began  the  erection  of  a  church  building,  the  corner 
stone  of  which  was  laid  on  Aug.  26,  1883,  Gov.  Murray  pre- 
siding. Rev.  H.  G.  DeWitt  became  the  first  regular  pastor 
in  March,  1884.  It  has  grown  quite  vigorously  and  has  a 


THE  OTHER  CHURCHES.  311 

number   of    branch    organizations    in    Salt    Lake    City    and 
throughout  the  State,  besides  several  auxiliary  societies. 

Rev.  D.  Arthur  Brown  is  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
Church  and  Rev.  Frank  Barnett  of  the  East  Side  Church, 
Salt  Lake  City. 


THE   JEWS. 

THE  Jewish  element  in  our  midst — a  large  and  respec- 
able  aggregation — are  entitled  to  mention  in  this  department, 
albeit  they  do  no  proselyting  whatever  and  represent  a  nation 
or  race  as  well  as  a  religion.  The  first  to  come  to  Utah  were 
a  young  couple,  Julius  G.  Brooks  and  wife,  who  finally  set- 
tled in  Salt  Lake  City.  Their  numbers  slowly  increased  and 
are  still  increasing,  and  embrace  some  names  well  known 
throughout  the  country.  A  minyan  was  established  on  Sept. 
18,  1866,  and  meetings  have  been  held  ever  since.  In  1874 
there  were  enough  members  to  form  a  regular  organization, 
to  which  was  given  the  name  "B'nai  Israel."  A  modest  syna- 
gogue was  soon  erected  and  in  1885  a  rabbi  was  secured  in 
the  person  of  Rev.  Leon  Strauss  of  Eutaula,  Ala.,  he  re- 
maining but  one  year.  The  synagogue  property  was  sold  in 
1889  and  with  the  funds  thus  realized  and  subscriptions  from 
increasing  membership  the  Jews  were  able  to  support  a  min- 
ister and  secured  the  services  of  Rev.  Herman  J.  Elkin,  of 
Cincinnati,  as  Rabbi.  A  lot  was  then  purchased  on  Fourth 
East  Street  and  a  beautiful  and  commodious  synagogue  was 
constructed  at  a  cost  of  over  $30,000,  another  one  being  now 
completed.  The  present  rabbi  is  Rev.  L.  G.  Reynolds. 


UNITARIAN   CHURCH. 

THE    only  Unitarian  church  in  Utah  was    organized    in 
February,  1891,  in  Salt  Lake  City,  by  Rev.  David  Utter,  the 
ope  being  W,  H,  Fish,  Jr,      Its    first    services    were, 


312  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

conducted  in  the  Salt  Lake  Theatre  but  it  now  has  a  more 
appropriate  housing  in  a  building  on  Second  East  street,  be- 
tween First  and  Second  South.  The  church  has  gro\vn 
steadily  in  membership  and  influence. 


CENTRAL  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH. 

THIS  church  was  organized  in  Salt  Lake  City  in  April, 
1890,  with  twelve  members.  The  first  pastor  was  Rev.  W. 
F.  Cowden,  the  present  one  being  Rev.  T.  W.  Pinkerton.  It 
is  a  missionary  organization  and  as  such  receives  aid  from 
the  Board  of  Missions;  it  has  recently  completed  a  fine  church 
building  in  an  eligible  location  and  is  doing  well  in  a  general 
way. 


IT  is  not  pretended  that  the  foregoing  is  an  exhaustive 
showing  of  the  religious  element  otherwise  than  the  Mor- 
mon and  Catholic  churches.  There  are  several  branches  of 
most  of  them,  some  of  them  having  different  names;  their 
are  also  the  Christian  Scientists,  the  Reorganized  or  Josephite 
church  and  the  Congregationalists,  each  with  quite  a  numer- 
ous and  respectable  membership,  and  becoming  places  of 
worship.  The  space  for  church  mention,  which  was  deemed 
ample  at  the  beginning,  is  exhausted  at  this  point. 


IRRIGATION    &  AGRICULTURE. 


INTER-DEPENDENT  INDUSTRIES  STILL  GROW- 
ING. 

AS  HAS  been  shown  elsewhere  in  this  volume,  irrigation 
owes  its  existence  as  an  applied  science  to  agriculture, 
and  vice  versa.  The  proportions  attained  by  either  are  utterly 
past  elucidation,  and  except  in  a  general  and  aggregated 
way  the  same  is  true  as  to  the  visible  results  of  the  union  of 
the  two.  The  number  of  incorporated  irrigation  com- 
panies, some  of  them  very  great  as  to  capitalization  and 
areas  covered,  would  make  a  formidable  array  if  published 
all  together;  while  the  unincorporated  and  individual  systems 
of  land-watering  are  utterly  beyond  enumeration  or  computa- 
tion. And  still  there  are  vast  tracts  of  the  finest  soil  "out  of 
doors"  awaiting  but  the  magic  touch  of  irrigation  to  bloom 
as  a  garden  and  contribute  mighty  sums  to  the  wealth  of  the 
State.  Along  the  line  of  the  San  Pedro  railroad  between 
Nephi  and  the  southwestern  boundary  line  of  Utah,  is  enough 
of  such  land  to  provide  sustenance  for  the  whole  population 
of  the  United  States;  at  present,  except  in  far-apart  spots,  it 
produces  sagebrush,  jack  rabbits  and  lizards.  But  the  change 
is  coming,  slowly  enough,  of  course,  yet  still  coming. 

The  principal  water  supplies  are  the  Utah  Lake  drain- 
age, Bear  River,  the  basin  of  the  Sevier  River,  that  of  the 
Uintah,  Ogden  and  Weber  rivers,  and  the  country  which 
may  be  watered  from  Grand  River.  Of  these  the  first  two 


314  U1AH  AS  II  IS. 

sections  contain  the  greater  part  of  the  population  of  the 
State. 

In  a  recent  article  Mr.  T.  B.  Hollister,  a  hydrographer 
of  note,  declares  that  the  streams  draining  into  Utah  valley 
and  Great  Salt  Lake,  viz.:  Provo  River,  Spanish  Fork,  Amer- 
ican Fork,  City  Creek,  Parley's  Creek  and  Mill  Creek,  are  of 
special  importance,  as  on  them  depends  not  only  the  supply 
for  the  irrigation  of  rich  valley  lands,  but  the  generation  of 
extensive  power  and  the  supply  of  Salt  Lake  City  and  other 
nearby  communities.  The  power  utilized  on  Provo  River 
and  the  power  plant  on  American  Fork  give  excellent 
examples  of  the  value  of  the  streams  in  this  direction,  while 
the  largest  power  plant  in  the  State  is  located  in  Ogden  can- 
yon. 

The  second  section  whose  streams  have  received  the  at- 
tention of  the  geographical  survey  is  that  drained  by  Bear 
River,  especially  the  tributaries  which  enter  the  fertile  Cache 
valley.  Logan  River,  Blacksmith  Fork,  Cub  River,  Bear  and 
Little  Bear,  are  all  being  systematically  gauged.  Bear  River 
is  assuming  additional  importance  on  account  of  the  new 
canal  to  divert  p  irt  of  its  water  to  irrigate  a  tract  of  land  on 
the  east  side  of  Cache  valley.  Blacksmith  Fork  is  also  a 
stream  of  much  importance  and  a  knowledge  of  its  flow  is  of 
value,  as  it  provides  water  for  six  irrigation  canals  and  one 
large  power  canal.  For  the  first  twenty-five  miles  of  its 
course,  this  river  like  many  other  Utah  streams,  descends 
rapidly  through  a  precipitous  canyon  and  affords  excellent 
water-power  facilities.  Another  stream  in  this  section  which 
is  being  measured  by  Prof.  Swendsen,  and  which  is  of  great 
importance,  is  Logan  River,  its  entire  supply  of  water,  160  to 
170  cubic  feet  per  second,  being  used  for  irrigation  during 
the  low  water  season. 

The  drainage  area  of  Sevier  river  forms  a  section  by  it- 
self. With  proper  storage  at  the  foot  of  the  various  valleys 
through  which  it  passes,  there  would  be  water  sufficient  to 
irrigate  a  considerable  acreage,  but  it  is  necessary  to  obtain  a 


IRRIGA  TION  AND  A GRICUL  TURE.  315 

better  knowledge  of  the  flood  flow.  Less  accurate  informa- 
tion has  been  obtained  regarding  this  section  than  any  other 
referred  to. 

As  has  been  previously  shown,  Utah  introduced  the  sys- 
tem in  the  United  States  and  has  kept  in  the  lead  right 
along.  Co-operation  is  the  keynote  to  her  success  in  this 
and  other  respects.  Mr.  R.  P.  Teele,  a  Government  expert, 
shows  that  in  other  parts  of  the  West  co-operation  has  built 
many  small  canals  and  a  few  good-sized  ones,  but  capita)  has 
built  most  of  them.  In  Utah,  with  but  few  exceptions,  the 
canals  have  been  built  by  those  who  must  use  them.  The 
irrigators  are  their  own  "water  lords,"  and  are  subject  to  no 
exactions  but  those  placed  upon  themselves.  How  much 
this  means  can  only  be  understood  by  those  who  have  seen 
the  evils  of  trying  to  farm  under  a  canal  whose  owners  are 
not  the  water-users,  and  who  run  the  canal  for  a  profit  on  the 
investment. 

In  the  matter  of  water  rights  Utah  stands  at  the  head. 
In  the  other  States  and  Territories  the  first  appropriator 
from  a  stream  obtains  a  right  to  a  constant  flow  of  whatever 
volume  he  has  appropriated.  The  next  appropriator  does 
the  same,  subject  to  the  rights  of  his  predecessor.  This  con- 
tinues down  to  the  last  appropriator.  In  times  of  shortage 
the  last  appropriator  is  cut  off  entirely,  while  the  others 
draw  their  full  supply  even  though  they  might  be  better  off 
with  less  water.  As  the  shortage  becomes  greater  the 
water-users  ^are  cut  off  in  turn,  the  earlier  ones  still  drawing 
a  full  supply,  until  but  one  canal,  perhaps,  is  drawing  any 
water  used  by  a  farmer.  These  streams  are  then  used  in 
turn  by  those  having  rights  to  their  use,  instead  of  being  di- 
vided into  smaller  streams,  one  of  which  is  used  constantly 
by  each  holder  of  a  right.  The  Utah  practice  is  rapidly  be- 
ing adopted  in  other  regions,  but  was  for  a  long  time  peculiar 
to  that  State. 

The  last  computed  report  of  the  State  Statistician 
showed  the  total  farming  acreage  to  be  1,301,826,  the  acreage 


316 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


under  fence  956,428  and  the  acreage  under  cultivation  507,- 
115.  The  production  of  wheat  was  1,719,106  bushels,  an 
average  per  acre  of  17.5;  of  oats,  1,2^8,277  bushels,  an  aver- 
age of  32.9;  corn,  177,997  bushels,  average  19.10;  of  pota- 
toes, 1,355,722,  average  134.3.  These  figures,  excepting  the 
averages,  would  all  show  some  increase  for  this  year,  but 
probably  not  more  than  10  per  cent,  depending  chiefly  upon 
the  additional  number  of  people  who  have  gone  into  farming, 
and  this  is  not  great,  certainly  not  more  than  the  percentage 
stated. 

In  this  connection,  reference  should  be  made  to  the  great 
Irrigation  Congress  held  at  Ogden  in  September,  1903.  The 
proceedings  have  been  printed  in  book  form  and  the  interested 
reader  is  referred  to  this  for  information. 


SALT  LAKE  CITY  AND  COUNTY  B&II.DINC. 


MINES  AND  MINING. 


ORIGIN  AND  GROWTH    OF  OUR  GIANT  INDUS- 
TRY. 

UTAH'S  developments  in  aid  of  the  economic  world  and 
all  other  ways,  is  a  great  story — too  big  for  this  little 
book  to  be  able,  more  than  partially,  to  unfold.  What  the 
State  has  done,  is  still  doing  and  for  many  years  will  con- 
tinue to  do  in  the  way  of  home-making,  home-building  and 
home-improving,  is  of  course  inconceivable,  and  therefore 
goes  with  an  incomplete  yet  reasonably  comprehensive  show- 
ing herein;  the  chief  object  is  to  show  how,  where,  when  and 
by  whom  all  the  elements  of  growth  originated  here  and  how 
as  well  as  by  what  circumstances  they  have  reached  their 
periods  of  evolution,  without  going  painfully  into  statistics. 
As  to  this  phase  of  the  question,  no  other  subject  is  so  full  of 
real,  material,  widespread  interest  as  that  of  mining.  By 
reason  of  our  mines  and  their  ceaseless  products,  we  reach  a 
wider  and  more  comprehensive  circle  of  people  and  places 
within  the  great  zones  of  civilization  and  progress  than  could 
have  been  found  by  any  other  human  agency. 

In  this  department  the  matter  is,  as  is  mainly  the  case 
elsewhere,  general  and  descriptive,  rather  than  statistical.  The 
book  is  not  a  gazetteer,  but  aims  at  giving  the  origin,  pro- 
gress and  present  development  of  our  various  enterprises  with 
so  much  ,of  particularity  as  circumstances  may  permit  and 
conditions  make  necessary.  To  give  the  story  of  mining  in 
Utah  in  detail  would  require  not  merely  a  volume  but  a  li- 


318  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

brary,  and  then  it  would  not  be  perfectly  told.  In  fact,  the 
word  "mining"  has  come  to  be  used  in  a  much  wider  and 
more  comprehensive  sense  than  the  dictionaries  authorize, 
embracing  as  it  does,  for  instance,  boring  for  oil.  In  this  lat- 
ter respect  Utah  has  not  yet  shown  up  its  well  known  posses- 
sions to  any  great  extent,  but  every  day,  every  hour,  brings 
us  nearer  to  the  attainment  of  such  productiveness  in  the 
matter  of  petroleum,  paraffin,  etc.,  as  will  attract  the  attention 
of  the  world,  the  quantity  being  already  shown  to  be  unlimited 
as  far  as  human  judgment  can  determine,  while  the  quality 
is  equal  to  any  on  earth.  In  the  carbons  and  hydrocarbons 
also,  many  of  the  accessible  ranges  and  many  more  others 
not  yet  reached  by  railway,  are  to  be  found  in  practically  in- 
exhaustible quantities — enough  to  last  the  world  for  ages  to 
come,  no  doubt. 


THE  FIRST  MINING  HERE. 

THERE  was  no  record  made,  at  least  none  handed  down 
— of  the  first  mining  done  in  Utah.  Some  time,  perhaps  a 
very  long  time,  before  the  advent  of  the  white  race  in  these 
mountain  retreats  the  industry  was  carried  on,  though  of 
course  in  a  restricted  fashion,  corresponding  with  the  primi- 
tive methods  then  in  vogue.  There  are  now  in  various  parts 
of  the  State,  and  for  that  matter  ail  over  the  Pacific  Coast, 
abundant  evidences  of  the  burrowing  propensities  of  the 
aboriginal  Mexicans  and  Spaniards.  These  of  course  mined 
only  for  the  more  precious  of  the  precious  metals  and  for  the 
useful  ones  not  at  all,  the  reasons  for  this  being  obvious 
enough — they  could  not  with  their  means  of  extraction  go  very 
far  in  the  matter  of  development,  so  that  everything  must 
be  high  grade  "from  the  grass  roots,"  to  use  a  common  mining 
expression  and  with  the  mechanism  employed  in  the  reduc- 
tion of  ores  could  only  handle  the  best  grades,  without  saving 
all  the  metal  even  in  them.  After  they  had  gone  as  for  on  a 


MINES  AND  MINING.  319 

fissure  or  deposit  as  their  capabilities  would  permit,  it  was 
apparently  their  custom  to  fill  up  the  cavities,  at  least  the 
most  of  those  old  finds  that  have  been  unearthed  were  so 
treated,  either  by  the  Mexicans  or  by  nature,  the  chances 
greatly  favoring  the  former.  These  are  good  property,  as  a 
general  thing,  when  found,  for  the  reason  that  no  want  of 
materials  to  work  on  but  the  means  of  getting  the  materials 
out  was  oftener  than  otherwise  the  cause  of  abandonment. 
Such  mines  would  not  in  all  likelihood  be  found  by  adhering 
to  the  rules  generally  obtaining  among  the  prospecting  fra- 
ternity; these  rely  first  upon  "float,"  or  small  detached  frag- 
ments of  a  vein  or  outcropping  rolled  to  the  place  where 
found  from  a  higher  altitude,  the  exact  origin  being  guessed 
at  and  looked  for,  and  when  found  (if  found  at  all)  present- 
ing to  the  untrained  eye  an  appearance  as  much  unlike  the 
commonly  accepted  idea  of  a  repository  of  precious  metals  as 
possible.  In  the  case  of  the  Mexican  or  Spanish  mine,  not 
an  upheaval  but  a  depression  in  the  face  of  nature  is  the  thing 
to  look  for,  and  there  being  many  of  these  caused  by  other 
agencies  than  the  handiwork  of  man,  it  follows  that  one  might 
work  for  a  long  time  in  getting  out  the  "filling"  only  to  find 
at  last  that  there  was  literally  nothing  in  it.  If  one  should  be 
struck,  however,  there  would  probably  be  a  vastly  different 
tale  to  tell,  but  there  have  been  very  few  such  instances  up  to 
date. 


THE  PROSPECTOR. 

SPEAKING  of  "finding"  things  at  once  suggests  the  pros- 
pector— that  hardy,  persistent,  courageous,  intelligent  man 
who  is  the  inception  and  mainspring  of  all  the  wealth  result- 
ing from  unlocking  the  treasure  vaults  of  nature.  He  makes 
the  discoveries  as  a  result  of  his  hard  labor,  perseverance  and 


320 


U1AH  AS  11  IS. 


knowledge  gained  by  the    sweat  of   his   brow  in  the  unequal 

struggle  with   forbidding   nature  only    that   others  may  reap 

the  benefit  later  on.  Sometimes  he  runs  out  of  provisions 

and  equipment  for  work 
after  a  whole  season's 
blasting,  digging  and 
shoveling,  buoyed  up  by 
the  hope  that  the  next 
foot  or  ^o  must  "show 
up"  what  he  is  after,  and 
finally  the  last  ditch  is 
reached  and  the  struggle 
abandoned  when  he  is, per- 
haps, within  a  few  inches 
of  the  hidden  treasure. 
The  amount  in  dollars 
and  cents  represented  by 
THE  FAKE  PROSPECTOR.  this  abortive  but  vigilant 

and  wearing  toil,  in  the  region  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 

reckoning  by  day's   labor  at  fair  wages   and  the  expense  of 

maintenance,    can    never 

be    imagined,    let    alone 

computed.     It  passes  the 

limit    defined    by     seven 

figures  and  possibly  that 

of  eight,  and  all  there  is 

to  show  for  the  enormous 

outlay  of  toil  and  money 

are  the  numerous  holes  in 

the  ground  and  attendant 

mounds,  mutely  eloquent 

reminders  of  the  ceaseless 

struggle  in  which  at  such 

points  stubborn  old  nature 

successfully    resisted    the  THE  REAL  THING. 

attacks  made    upon  her   flinty  breastworks.     After  several 


MINES  AND  MINING.  321 

such  reverses  the  weary  prospector,  despondent,  broken 
down,  his  resolution  about  gone,  wanders  into  civilization  to 
subsist  as  best  he  can  until  the  snows  again  disappear,  and 
then  if  he  can  prevail  upon  some  one  having  the  means  to 
equip  him  with  a  "grub  stake,"  he  sallies  forth  once  more  to 
storm  the  crags  and  if  possible  force  an  entrance  into  the  sil- 
ver-lined and  gold-framed  portals  of  Pluto.  If  he  fails  to  get  the 
necessary  backing,  the  jig  is  up,  of  course,  unless  he  is  re- 
sourceful and  raises  means  on  his  own  account.  The  fact 
that  it  has  steadily  became  more  and  more  difficult  to  get  a 
stake  is  by  no  means  because  men  of  capital  with  mining 
tendencies  are  close  and  grasping — as  a  rule  they  are  very 
much  the  reverse;  but  so  many  fakirs  have  intruded  into  the 
grand  army  of  prospectors,  men  who  obtain  money  and 
either  through  indolence,  ignorance  or  a  disposition  to  de- 
fraud— perhaps  all  three — do  nothing  for  it,  that  speculators 
have  become  wary  and  the  upright  worker  has  to  suffer  for 
the  sins  of  the  other  class.  Perhaps,  however,  he  may  suc- 
ceed, and  if  he  makes  a  "strike"  he  seldom  loses  time  in  mak- 
ing his  way  to  town  and  seeking  the  most  available  and 
promising  means  of  realizing  something  upon  his  success. 
With  this  accomplished  you  will  soon  see  him  with  a  brand 
new  suit  of  badly-fitting  clothes  in  which  a  blue  flannel  shirt 
and  a  flaming  necktie  are  conspicuous,  with  a  clean  shave 
and  (alas!)  a  jag  that  proclaims  its  existence  from  every  line- 
ament and  at  every  speech,  and  a  breath  that  would  burn  a 
hole  in  a  blanket.  With  all  this,  he  is  seldom  bad,  always 
liberal  and  as  honest  as  the  common  run  of  men  ever  get  to 
be.  As  shown,  he  does  more  hard  work  that  avails  him  noth- 
ing and  gets  less  for  what  he  actually  produces  than  any 
other  man  on  earth  as  a  rule;  he  is  the  mainspring  of  com- 
merce, one  of  the  bulwarks  of  civilization,  an  evangel  of  prog- 
ress, and  the  strong  right  arm  of  enterprise.  He  is  entitled 
to  a  monument,  and  if  I  ever  succeed  in  disposing  of  any  of 


322  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

my    numerous    locations    to    advantage,    I   will    see    that   he 
has  it. 


THE  PIONEER  MINE  AND  DISTRICT. 

THE  first  attention  that  was  given  to  the  extraction  and 
treatment  of  ores  in  a  systematic  way  related  entirely  to 
those  which  are  indispensable  to  mankind  in  his  civilized 
state — iron  and  lead,  the  former  not  having  received  so  much 
attention.  As  far  back  as  1858  it  became  known  that  there 
were  great  veins  and  deposits  of  lead  near  the  young  town  of 
Minersville,  in  Beaver  County;  also  that  Iron  County  abound- 
ed in  the  ore  from  which  it  derived  its  name.  In  the  case  of 
the  lead  deposits  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  work  them  to 
some  extent  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  the  settlers  in  that 
and  some  other  parts  of  the  Territory  supplied  with  bullets 
for  protection  against  Indians  and  wild  beasts,  also  for  many 
other  things  of  daily  requirement.  Accordingly  work  was 
commenced  on  a  fissure  which  yielded  handsomely  from  the 
beginning  and  has  since  contributed  many  thousands  of  dol- 
lars in  gold,  silver  and  lead  to  the  world's  wealth.  It  was 
quite  an  item  for  those  days,  with  supply  points  so  far  away 
and  freights  so  high,  to  be  able  to  produce  all  the  lead  which 
the  people  needed  at  a  trifling  cost,  but  it  was  done  and  kept 
up  for  some  time.  All  the  while,  as  depth  was  gained,  it 
was  noticeable  that  the  metal  became  gradually  harder  and 
without  any  of  the  scientific  apparatus  in  vogue  with  which 
to  make  tests,  intuition  and  experience  united  told  the  workers 
that  the  cause  of  the  increasing  hardness  was  the  presence  in 
an  enlarging  percentage  of  lead's  almost  invariable  associate, 
silver.  It  then  ceased  to  be  a  merchantable  article  for  a  time, 
for  two  reasons — it  was  a  loss  of  money  to  sell  the  white 
metal  at  the  cost  of  the  blue,  and  there  were  no  available 
means  at  that  time  of  separating  the  two.  Thus  it  was  that 
Utah  lead  in  the  early  sixties  ceased  to  be  a  factor  of  com- 


MINES  AND  MINING.  323 

merce  in  the  Territory  of  Utah,  but  it  was  the  foundation 
of  the  mining  industry  in  this  community.  I  have  been 
reading  an  account  which  places  the  credit  point  in  Little  Cot- 
tonwood  canyon,  another  locating  it  near  Stockton  as  the 
work  of  Colonel  Connor's  soldiers  in  1862.  Neither  of  these 
is  anywhere  near  correct,  and  for  the  benefit  of  those  who 
require  exact  information  on  the  subject,  the  foregoing  is  pre- 
sented as  the  facts  in  the  case.  Not  only  was  the  extraction 
of  ores  from  the  old  Rollins  lead  mine,  as  it  was  called,  in 
1858,  the  first  mining  done  in  Utah  by  civilized  agencies,  but 
the  region  of  country  in  which  it  is  situated  became  the  first 
organized  mining  district  in  the  Territory;  this  was  accom- 
plished in  1861,  the  name  Lincoln  being  given  it,  which  name 
was  also  subsequently  given  to  the  old  lead  mine.  It  and  the 
adjoining  properties  have  since  been  worked  systematically 
and  thoroughly  by  capitalized  companies  representing  other 
parts  of  the  Union  as  well  as  Utah,  and  in  the  district  other 
locations  have  been  made  in  later  years  until  now  there  are 
fully  100  recorded  claims.  Some  of  these  have  been  great 
producers  and  will  probably  be  such  again,  as,  while  the  total 
amount  of  work  done  in  the  district  represents  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  dollars,  the  development  is  comparatively  su- 
perficial. 

As  Lincoln  is  the  pioneer  district  and  contains  the  origi- 
nal as  well  as  for  a  long  time  the  only  mine  of  Utah,  it  is  en- 
titled to  a  little  more  than  a  mere  mention  in  this  article. 
Perhaps  there  was  not  one  soul  in  attendance  when  the  virgin 
soil  was  broken  and  the  glistening  galena  first  reflected  the 
light  of  the  sun,  nor  any  one  else  into  whose  mind  there  en- 
tered even  a  suggestion  that  following  in  the  wake  of  that 
rude  beginning  in  the  years  shortly  to  come  would  be  an  in- 
dustry rivaling  all  others  in  our  midst  and  second  in  import- 
ance on  similar  Jines  of  occupation  to  those  of  but  very  few 
in  the  sisterhood  of  commonwealths;  but  so  it  was.  That 
other  localities  were  prospected,  mines  located  and  some  few 
worked  before  the  pioneer  district  became  generally  known 


324  U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 

to  the  commercial  world  through  its  products  and  its  produc- 
tive capacity,  does  not  take  from  it  one  jot  or  tittle  of  its 
right  to  the  title  deeds  falling  to  it  as  the  Genesis  of  these 
great  industries  in  our  midst;  nor  does  the  other  and  prevail- 
ing fact  that  it  has  been  measurably  idle  for  several  years 
contribute  in  the  least  toward  diminishing  its  wealth  of  min- 
erals laid  away  in  the  great  storehouses  of  nature  and  waiting 
for  the  further  enterprise  and  labor  of  man  to  bring  them 
into  the  light  of  day  and  make  them  useful  to  our  race  and 
time. 

The  special  drawbacks  to  the  pioneer  district  have  been 
partly  natural  and  partly  artificial,  the  latter  being  chiefly  in- 
experience, ignorance,  mismanagement  and  the  inability  to 
cause  speculators  and  investors  to  understand  the  situation  as 
it  is.  The  other  detriment  is  a  vein  of  living  water  cut  right 
through  at  a  low  level  in  the  Lincoln  shaft.  This  was  in 
1872,  when  a  town  (or  "camp")  of  considerable  proportions 
had  gathered  in  the  principal  gulch,  some  100  houses  having 
been  built  and  500  or  600  people  occupying  them,  with  all 
lines  of  business  peculiar  to  such  places  flourishing.  The 
Lincoln  was  then  in  the  heyday  of  prosperity,  many 
men  were  employed,  shipments  were  regular,  and  as 
the  property  exhibited  no  symptoms  of  declining  in 
either  quantity  or  quality  of  its  products,  a  great  future 
seemed  to  be  in  store  for  it.  Not  only  tnis,  but  by  reason  of 
its  operations  and  promise  other  mines  in  the  district  were 
being  worked  with  a  will,  some  shipping  ore  and  others  near- 
ing  as  rapidly  as  possible  the  point  at  which  this  could  be 
done,  the  Lincoln  being  thus  a  sort  of  industrial  cynosure  or 
nucleus  for  the  others,  which  acted  more  or  less  in  sympathy 
with  it. 


THE  NEXT  MOVEMENT 

Of  a  systematic  character  in   the  direction  of  mining  develop- 
ment was  by  the  enlisted  men  of  General  Connor's  command 


MINES  AND  MINING.  325 

at  Fort  Douglas.  In  1863  the  General  issued  an  order  an- 
nouncing with  more  or  less  high-sounding  phrase  the  exist- 
ence of  wealth-bearing  deposits  in  the  mountains  of  Utah  and 
assuring  those  who  desired  to  prospect  and  open  up  the  treas- 
ure houses  of  nature  that  they  should  have  encouragement 
and  protection  if  need  be — or  words  to  that  effect.  Not  only 
this,  but  the  soldiers  themselves  were  given  permission  to 
scale  the  heights,  storm  the  crags  and  reduce  to  personal 
possession  the  profit-bearing  fissures  of  old  mother  Earth. 
The  year  following,  or  at  least  not  long  after  the  promulga- 
tion of  this  remarkable  edict,  several  companies  of  troops 
were  ordered  to  Rush  Valley,  Tooele  county,  where  there 
was  better  grazing  grounds  for  the  animals  than  anywhere 
near  the  fort.  Early  in  the  spring  of  1864  this  detachment 
camped  at  what  has  since  been  the  town  of  Stockton,  and 
prospecting  became  one  of  the  first  and  most  assiduously  fol- 
lowed employments.  They  soon  organized  as  a  part  of 
West  Mountain  mining  district  (this  being  the  second,  I  be- 
lieve, in  the  Territory),  covering  an  enormous  scope  of  coun- 
try which  embraced  Bingham  Canyon;  the  miners  on  the  west 
side  of  the  Oquirrh  range  subsequently,  however,  met  and 
organized  separately  as  Rush  Lake  Valley  district.  Many 
locations  were  made,  some  of  which  proved  to  be  very  rich, 
but  the  vast  majority,  as  in  most  other  cases,  not  amounting 
to  much  on  the  average.  The  fortunes  of  this  region  have 
fluctuated  considerably  and  at  this  writing  seem  to  be  on  the 
up  grade  with  somewhat  more  of  a  promise  of  stable  pros- 
perity. 


THE  MINES  OF  BINGHAM. 

THE  vast  and  numerous  producers  of  Bingham,  which 
number  such  giants  as  the  Highland  Boy,  Utah  Consolidated, 
Butler-Liberal  and  many  others,  were  discovered  the  same 
year  as,  perhaps  a  Httle  earlier  than,  those  of  the  west  side  of 


326  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

the  range,  but  there  is  less  definiteness  regarding  the  event 
or  events,  since,  from  all  accounts,  there  appears  to  have  been 
a  series  of  them  with  nothing  definite  of  record  as  to  the  first 
location.  It  seems  to  have  been  regarded  at  first  as  a  silver- 
lead  district,  but  subsequently  developed  gold  and  copper  in 
large  quantities.  Its  sluicing  operations  for  fine  gold  and 
nuggets  have  been  a  marked  feature  for  years  and  are  still 
going  on  in  a  desultory  way,  with  more  or  less  profit  to  those 
engaged  in  them.  "The  Old  Reliable."  as  it  is  called,  thus 
affords  many  a  dollar  to  those  who  otherwise  v,ould  be  un- 
able to  get  it. 


A  SHADY  BEGINNING. 

THE  first  mine  to  bring  Utah  into  close  communion  with 
the  outside  world  was  the  notorious  Emma  of  Little  Cotton- 
wood.  With  its  advent  upon  the  field  of  commerce  came  also 
others  in  the  same  neighborhood,  and  the  camp  which  grew 
up  in  the  summits  of  the  mountains  at  the  head  of  that  can- 
yon was  appropriately  named  Alta.  It  was  a  very  lively  lit- 
tle place  for  a  time,  containing  at  different  periods  as  many  as 
1000  persons,  chiefly  men,  although  th^re  were  a  few  fam- 
ilies. It  was  a  rigorous  place  to  live  in  during  the  winter 
season,  the  snow  sometimes  being  twenty  feet  or  more  in 
depth,  and  several  lives  were  lost  there  by  reason  of  ava- 
lanches. It  must  also  be  said  of  the  Emma  that  it  did  not 
stop  with  making  for  us  a  new  commercial  chain  with  the 
great  centers  of  the  earth,  but  came  near  destroying  its  off- 
spring by  precipitating  upon  the  mining  industry  specifically 
and  upon  the  whole  Territory  incidentally  one  of  the  most 
stupendous  and  disgusting  frauds  ever  worked  upon  an  un- 
suspecting world. 

The  Emma  was  discovered  in  1863  by  a  couple  of  pros- 
pectors who  seemed  to  have  no  particular  object  in  view,  but 
were  disposed  to  keep  their  eyes  open  and  be  ever  on  the 


MINES  AND  MINING.  327 

lookout  for  the  "main  chance."  The  "croppings"  or  top  rock 
projecting  from  a  ledge  above  the  surface  of  the  point  which 
was  afterwards  christened  as  above  attracted  their  attention 
and  after  examination  it  was  decided  to  make  a  location. 
Not  much  was  done  in  the  way  of  development  and  the  work 
went  slowly  along,  only  about  one  hundred  tons  of  ore  being 
taken  out  the  first  year.  Subsequently  some  Utah  parties, 
the  Woodhulls,  Captain  Woodman,  Joseph  R.  Walker  and 
others  of  greater  or  lesser  periods  of  residence  became 
owners,  then  came  Trenor  W.  Park  and  H.  H,  Baxter  from 
the  East,  who  also  acquired  interest  in  the  property,  which 
had  been  undergoing  some  litigation.  The  attention  of  others 
was  attracted  to  the  property  and  an  arrangement  entered 
into  on  the  basis  of  effecting  an  English  sale,  and  here  we 
have  the  foundation  of  the  great  scandal.  It  is  related,  not 
as  a  matter  of  recorded  history  but  as  something  passing 
from  mouth  to  mouth,  that  the  highest  valuation  ever  placed 
on  the  Emma  previous  to  the  raid  made  on  our  foreign  cous- 
ins was  said  to  be  $250,000,  and  this  after  the  ledge  had  nar- 
rowed down  from  one  of  goodly  proportions  to  the  thickness 
of  a  knife-blade  and  was  followed  until  it  opened  out  into  a 
chamber  of  ore.  Those  who  are  familiar  with  either  geolog- 
ical laws  or  practical  mining  to  a  considerable  extent  will 
readily  endorse  the  statement  that  great  chambers  generally 
run  out  in  about  the  same  way  that  they  come  in — all  at 
once.  They  are  likely  to  be  immense  while  they  last,  and 
with  people  who  are  new  to  the  business  to  deal  with  and  in 
a  virgin  district,  such  deposits  for  "fleecing"  purposes  cannot 
be  beaten.  Of  course  the  speculators  knew  this,  and  they 
did  nothing  to  diminish  their  stock  in  trade.  This  has  little  if 
any  reference  to  the  Utah  owners  and  investors,  who  seemed 
to  be  acting  in  good  faith  all  along,  and  through  whose  oper- 
ations the  first  lot  of  bullion  ever  run  out  in  Utah  was  pro- 
duced; this  was  placed  in  a  wagon  and  paraded  in  triumph 
up  and  down  Main  street  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

_   With  the   exception  noted,   which  occurring   so  early  in 


328  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

our  mining  career  finds  the  one  excuse  of  newness  and  cor- 
respondingly raw  conditions,  Utah  has  been  as  in  everything 
else  a  shining  mark.  No  community  and  no  class  of  people 
can  at  all  times  and  in  every  case  control  individual  acts;  so 
that,  even  now,  frauds  may  be  attempted  and  perhaps  carried 
out  on  a  small  scale;  but  these  are  so  sternly  frowned  down,  so 
little  comfort  is  given  to  the  perpetrators,  that  the  example 
made  is  an  effectual  preventive  of  infection;  and  it  is  now  per- 
fectly proper  to  show  to  the  world  that  mining  in  our  midst  is 
on  the  same  plane  as  are  other  legitimate  enterprises,  being 
amply  encouraged  by  results  and  fully  protected  at  all  stages 
by  law. 


TINTIC  MINING  DISTRICT. 

THIS  district  comes  next  in  order  of  general  mention,  hav- 
ing been  established  in  1869,  late  in  the  year.  To  the  Sun- 
beam location  is  accredited  the  distinction  of  being  the  first, 
though  some  little  prospecting  had  taken  place  before.  The 
district  is  now,  and  has  been  for  years,  the  home  of  some  of 
the  greatest  mines  of  the  world.  It  is  ten  by  fifteen  miles  in 
area,  the  long  way  running  north  and  south.  The  ores  aver- 
age higher  in  value  and  the  lower  workings  are  freer  from 
water  than  is  the  case  with  any  of  the  old  districts  of  the 
State,  and  while  all  the  others  have  to  get  along  with  not 
more  than  one  town  of  consequence  each,  Tintic  has  five — 
Eureka,  Silver  City,  Mammoth,  Diamond  City  and  Homans- 
ville.  The  first  of  these  has  almost  reached  metropolitan  pro- 
portions, being  nearly  if  not  quite  as  populous  and  business- 
like as  Park  City.  The  belief  that  Tintic's  best  days  are 
ahead  of  it  is  quite  general  with  those  who  know  and  com- 
prehend, and  their  faith  is  one  that  each  day's  development 
does  but  tend  to  strengthen. 

The  list  of  mines  contained  in  this  district  and  its  environs 
is  a  most  formidable  array.  It  is  estimated  that  these  produce 


MINES  AND  MINING.  329 

(in   value)    one-third    of    the    total    ore    shipments    of    the 
State. 

TINTIC    DISCOVERIES. 

Under  this  heading  a  great  deal  of  contradictory  mat- 
ter is  extant.  It  seems  impossible  in  such  cases,  where  no 
records  were  kept  and  those  who  were  on  the  ground  widely 
separated  by  death  or  distance,  to  get  at  the  exact  facts  as  to 
every  feature.  It  should  also  be  remembered  that  because 
different  statements  vary  they  are  not  of  necessity  thereby 
false,  nor  is  either  of  them.  Being  the  home  of  one  of  the  mos 
munificent  dividend  payers  on  the  Pacific  coast— the  Centent 
nial  Eureka,  and  one  not  so  very  far  behind  it — the  Bullion- 
Beck  &  Champion,  as  well  as  many  other  high-class  mining 
properties,  the  history  of  Tintic  is  something  which  should  be 
preserved. 

One  authority  gives  the  location  of  the  mine  first 
named  as  being  on  the  2nd  of  June,  1876,  and  N.  P. 
Lake  as  the  discoverer.  It  does  not  follow,  however,  that 
Mr.  Lake,  or  any  other  person  associated  with  him  or  other- 
wise was  the  first  to  discover  pay  ore  on  what  is  known  as 
Eureka  Hill,  nor  does  the  honor  fall  to  anyone  in  so  recent  a 
period  of  time.  The  writer  has  had  a  personal  interview 
with  some  of  the  men  who  were  first  on  that  now  historic 
ground  and  the  event  occurred  in  1869.  These  were  W.  L. 
and  B.  L.  Croff;  John  Beck,  of  this  city;  Peck  Brothers, 
Darwin  Walton,  Sidney  Worsley  and  some  others.  They 
found  fine  lead  s.imples  on  top  of  the  ground.  They  dis- 
covered the  Eureka  and  Eureka  Twin  mines  and  did  con- 
siderable work  on  them.  Like  Mark  Twain,  they  were  un- 
doubtedly millionaires  for  awhile  but  didn't  know  it.  Soon 
after  this  the  Mammoth  mine  was  discovered  and  was  then 
called  the  Crismon-Mammoth,  from  which  I  have  seen  sam- 
ples that  were  about  one-half  pure  copper,  the  rest  pretty 
much  pure  'gold;  the  locators  and  owners  were  Charles 
and  George  Crismon  and  the  Mclntyres.  Other  locations  at 

"22 


330  U1AH  AS  II  IS. 

that  time  or  following  soon  after  were  the  Sunbeam,  Morn- 
ing-Glory, Undine  and  others  which  have  achieved  wide  repu- 
tations. Such  great  wealth  makers  as  the  Grand  Central, 
Uncle  Sam,  Tetro  and  many  others  are  too  well  known  to 
need  extended  mention. 


PARK  CITY  (UINTAH  DISTRICT). 

WHERE  is  now  the  large  and  flourishing  town  of  Park 
City  was  the  scene  of  the  next  big  mining  attraction  in 
chronological  order.  The  beginning  here  was  made  with 
the  discovery  of  the  great  Ontario  mine  in  1872,  and,  as  is 
the  case  nearly  everywhere  else,  when  the  first  find  proves  a 
good  one,  others  follow  in  rapid  succession.  In  this  case, 
those  which  followed  proved,  in  a  greater  number  of  in- 
stances than  usual,  to  be  worthy  associates  of  a  great  ex- 
emplar. As  elsewhere,  the  Park  has  had  its  share  of  tribu- 
lations consequent  upon  demonetization  and  its  concomitant 
evils,  besides  a  destructive  fire  a  few  years  ago.  The  place 
early  outgrew  its  purely  mining  camp  character,  and  became 
a.  thoroughgoing,  pushing  town  of  the  first  class — a  city  in 
contemplation  of  law,  being  incorporated  as  such — with  school 
houses,  churches,  fine  buildings,  large  mercantile  establish- 
ments, two  railroads,  and  a  population  which  has  been  as 
much  as  5000. 

THE    ONTARIO    MINE. 

Nothing  in  Utah  literature  of  late  years  diffuses  more  of 
the  odor  of  an  Arabian  Nights  story  than  the  account  of  the 
finding  and  subsequent  history  of  the  Ontario  mine,  Park 
City.  Travelers  bound  for  all  parts  had  passed  over  the 
ground  and  doubtless  in  many  cases  placed  their  feet  upon 
the  identical  spot  where  the  first  piece  of  ore  was  found,  and 
which  finding  was  the  forerunner  of  millions  and  millions  of 


MINES  AND  MINING.  331 

wealth  being  added  to  the  resources  of  the  land.  None  of 
them  could  see  anything  there  but  stunted  brush,  sun-baked 
stones,  an  abundance  of  bushy  foliage,  and  indicative  of  any- 
thing on  earth  but  the  roof  of  one  of  the  greatest  treasure- 
house  ever  contained  within  the  nether  domain  of  nature. 
How  very  true  it  is  that  one  person  can  see  as  far  into  a 
mountain  as  another!  No  man,  woman  or  child  knows  what 
he  walks  over  every  day,  perhaps  every  hour;  and  it  is,  all 
things  considered,  just  as  well  that  it  is  so. 

On  a  warm  summer  day — it  being  the  ipth  of  July — a 
prospector  in  Parley's  Park  made  the  location  which  has 
since  bcome  famous  in  the  annals  of  mining.  His  name  was 
Herman  Budden  and  he  was  of  Austrian  nativity,  but  came 
here  from  California.  He  had  followed  the  business  of  pros- 
pecting in  the  neighborhood  of  where  the  location  was  made 
for  some  months,  invariably  without  success.  After  one  of 
his  fruitless  jaunts,  when  coming  down  the  hill  and  near  the 
bottom,  his  eye  happened  by  the  merest  chance  to  rest  upon 
a  projecting  rock,  which  looked  like  so  many  others  in  the 
neighborhood  and  at  many  places  where  he  had  been,  that 
it  is  the  greatest  wonder,  in  his  tired  and  more  or  less  faint- 
hearted condition,  that  he  stopped  long  enough;  but  he  was 
made  of  the  material  of  which  the  true  prospector  is  com- 
posed, and  he  proceeded  to  knock  off  a  chunk  of  it  with  his 
pick,  taking  the  piece  along  with  him. 

The  more  he  examined  the  rock  the  more  impressed  was 
he  with  the  belief  that  it  carried  mineral,  and  he  decided  fi- 
nally to  make  the  location,  which  was  done,  as  above  stated. 
Had  he  been  as  easily  discouraged  or  as  lacking  in  tenacity 
and  determination  as  some  others  who  have  gone  into 
the  business  that  I  know  of,  there  would,  in  all  probability, 
have  been  no  Ontario  mine,  with  its  grand  retinue  of  great 
wealth-producers  and  all  the  adjuncts  of  civilization  and 
progress  in  full  sway  alongside  of  it;  but  Budden  had  the 
necessary  qualities,  and  the  waiting  opportunity  seized  him 
#s  he  passed.  His  hesitation  afterward  had  to  be  overcome, 


332  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

for  mere  "finds"  by  prospectors  were  common  enough,  and  few 
indeed  there  were  who  would  risk  a  dollar  or  any  other  sum 
on  them.  It  was,  in  fact,  and  is  yet,  a  rare  thing  to  get  a 
willing  investor  to  make  the  indispensably  prerequisite  trip 
to  the  discovery,  while  "float"  is  also  common  and  by  no 
means  an  indication  of  the  presence  of  a  ledge;  samples  are 
easily  obtained  almost  everywhere,  and  a  "blossom" — that  is, 
a  small  fragment  of  good  rock  capping  a  worthless  vein  or 
projection — is  sometimes  found. 

These  and  other  things  operate  detrimentally  to  getting 
a  capitalist  to  undertake  the  discomfort  or  undergo  the  ex- 
pense of  sending  a  trustworthy  representative  to  examine 
the  find.  But  the  silent  and  unseen  agency  which  brought 
Budden  to  the  outcropping  rock,  dissipated  one  by  one  the 
other  obstacles.  Next  day  after  the  location  he  and  his 
partner  went  to  work  on  the  claim.  After  excavating  a  few 
feet,  and  finding  the  vein  to  be  not  only  a  true  one  but 
readily  widening  out,  they  concluded  to  sell  out  lest  it  go  10 
narrowing  again,  a  la  Emma,  and  it  was  offered  for  $5000. 
Nobody  wanted  it,  so  they  kept  on,  the.  continued  develop- 
ment having  the  effect  of  steadily  raising  the  price,  and  after 
it  had  reached  $30,000  a  bond  was  taken  on  it  for  fifteen  days 
by  Mr.  Al.Guiwitz,  well  known  hereabout.  About  this  time  the 
late  R.  C.  Chambers,  who  was  then  operating  mining  property 
elsewhere  in  the  joint  interest  of  himself  and  the  late  Senator 
Hearst  of  California,  was  in  Salt  Lake  City,  and  the  latter, 
having  heard  of  the  Ontario  property,  suggested  to  Mr.  Cham- 
bers that  he  make  an  inspection  of  it,  which  was  done.  His 
identity  being  known,  and  his  wealthy  connections  understood, 
he  was  unable  to  secure  the  mine  at  anything  like  a  reason- 
able figure,  as  it  was  then  considered,  so  a  third  party  was 
brought  into  play.  The  bond  previously  given  had  run  out, 
and  the  stranger  secured  the  property  for  $30,000.  A  large 
force  was  put  to  work,  the  great  lode  became  greater,  and 
Chambers  was  all  at  once  a  millionaire!  His  partner  had 
been  one  previously,  but  his  fortunes  were  greatly  reinforced 


MINES  AND  MINING.  333 

by  the  Ontario  purchase,  which  up  to  date  has  yielded  about 
$40,000,000,  and  paid  some  $15,000,000  in  dividends,  and  is 
still  one  of  the  greatest  properties  in  existence.  Similar 
things  could  be  said  of  the  great  Silver  King,  the  Daly- West, 
Daly,  and  in  fact  all  the  more  prominent  mines  of  Park  City, 
making  it  the  centre  of  incomputable  mineral  wealth. 


CAMP  FLOYD  DISTRICT. 

THIS  district  was  organized  in  1870;  at  least,  practical 
mining  was  commenced  in  that  year,  and  organization  fol- 
lowed hard  upon.  It  was  buffeted  by  fate  for  some  time, 
now  up  and  then  down,  but  oftener  down,  until  finally  it 
dropped  out  of  sight  altogether  and  became  a  negation  in 
mining  circles.  This  only  serves  as  another  example  of  the 
solemn  fact,  that  unpropitious  conditions  in  mining  are  to  the 
persevering  and  capable  oftener  than  otherwise  but  the  fore- 
runners of  prosperity;  nature  having  done  her  part  will  do 
no  more,  her  children  must  do  the  rest. 

In  1 88 1  a  German  prospector  located  the  Mercur  mine 
and  spent  a  considerable  sum  in  labor  and  means  developing 
it;  but  fortune  eluded  him,  because  of  the  general  ignorance 
of  mankind  at  that  time  as  to  that  class  of  ore  and  not  know- 
ing how  to  treat  it.  It  could  not,  of  course,  be  kept  a  secret 
forever,  and  is  well  enough  known  of  all  men  now — -at  least 
all  of  those  within  the  "charmed  circle."  What  was  set  down 
as  a  worthless  piece  of  property  is  now  one  of  the  greatest 
producers  in  the  country,  and  is  surrounded  by  numerous 
others,  some  of  them  quite  as  promising.  A  good-sized  town 
has  grown  up,  and  it  is  quite  as  far-famed  as  the  mine. 


MARYSVALE— GOLD  MOUNTAIN. 

ABOUT  160  miles  a  little  west  of  south  of  Salt  Lake  City 
the  well-known   town   of    Marysvale   was  founded  and   the 


MINES  AND  MINING.  335 

adjacent  mineral  zones  discovered.  For  some  years  it 
flourished  like  a  green  bay  tree,  then  the  silver  slump  set 
in  and  this  region  received  its  full  share  if  not  somewhat 
more  of  the  hard  luck  following.  The  town  held  together, 
however,  there  being  enough  of  the  element  which  does  not 
yield  to  discouragements  to  accomplish  this,  and  instead  of 
crying  over  spilt  milk  some  of  the  men  concluded  to  look  for 
something  else  than  silver,  and  they  succeeded  to  such  an 
extent  that  for  several  years  past  the  district  and  the  neigh- 
boring country  are  more  noted  for  gold  than  they  were  previ- 
ously for  silver.  The  country  contains  such  famous  producers  as 
the  Sevier, Wedge  (Horse  Heaven),  Dalton, Annie  Laurie,  Pay- 
master, Crystal,  Bully  Boy,  Webster,  Clyde  and  many 
others;  while  the  number  of  properties  which  are  not  so 
well  known  but  are  still  known  to  hold  within  their  embrace 
gold  and  other  metal-bearing  ores  of  such  extent  and  rich- 
ness as  will  soon  bring  them  to  the  front  is  much  greater. 
From  the  Wedge,  values  per  ton  have  been  taken  out  which 
amounted  to  nearly  $1,200  per  ton,  and  the  quantity  is  not 
limited  either.  Great  values  have,  indeed,  been  taken  from 
all  the  developed  and  many  of  the  partly  developed  proper- 
ties, going  to  show  that  the  region  when  brought  up  to  some- 
thing approaching  its  capacity  is  a  veritable  Johannesburg,  if 
not  even  ahead  of  that  South  African  Golconda. 

As  only  generalizations  regarding  beginnings,  and  prog- 
ress can  be  given,  except  such  specifications  as  are  needed 
to  illustrate  peculiar  or  conspicuous  features,  it  becomes 
necessary  to  refrain  from  further  mention  of  a  part  of 
Utah's  territory  concerning  which  a  book  of  large  size  might 
be  written  and  then  the  whole  story  not  be  told. 


SENATOR  LEWIS'  GREAT  ENTERPRISES. 

BEAVER  County  is  receiving  a  goodly  share  of  attention 
in  these   pages,  for  reasons  already  partly  shown.     But  all  is 


MINES  AND  MINING.  337 

not  yet  told.  The  story  of  the  splendid  work  of  economic 
redemption  accomplished  by  Senator  A.  B.  Lewis,  referred 
to  in  his  personal  sketch,  does  not  fully  represent  his  great 
achievements  by  any  means,  nor  can  it  be  done  here;  but 
something  nearer  an  approximation  can  be  had.  When  first 
he  dawned  upon  the  scene  here  the  locality  in  which  he 
subsequently  pitched  his  tent  and  made  his  headquarters  was 
not  an  inviting  field  by  any  means.  It  had  been  worked 
over  and,  as  some  believed,  practically  exhausted.  After  a 
careful,  thorough  examination  he  concluded  otherwise  and  at 
once  began  to  show  his  faith  by  his  works.  After  operating 
in  Lincoln  district  for  a  while,  making  it  better  known  than 
it  had  ever  been  before,  he  turned  his  attention  to  the  other 
side  of  Beaver  valley  and  soon  the  commercial  and  mining 
world  was  introduced  to  that  gigantic  enterprise,  the  Majestic 
Copper  Mining  &  Smelting  Company,  whose  great  smelter — 
the  second  greatest  in  the  country — was  completed  in 
October,  1903,  and  made  a  highly  successful  and  profit- 
able experimental  run  of  forty  davs,  then  suspended  for  a 
time  awaiting  the  further  development  of  the  company's 
fields.  It  should,  in  this  connection,  be  mentioned  that  the 
wonderful  Cactus  group,  because  of  which  the  town  of 
Newhouse  and  one  of  the  greatest  pipe  lines  in  this  western 
region  now  exist,  was  one  of  the  acquisitions  of  Mr.  Lewis 
relinquished  by  him  to  the  present  owner  because  the  former 
had  discovered  in  adjacent  territory,  in  the  language  of 
Hamlet,  "metal  more  attractive."  The  attraction  must  have 
been  immense,  tor  Mr.  Samuel  Newhouse,  the  fortunate 
owner  of  the  Cactus,  claims  to  be  able  to  show  up  a  bagatelle 
of  some  $40,000,000  worth  of  ore  with  plenty  more  to  follow! 
The  result  of  Mr.  Lewis'  operations,  however,  fully  proved 
the  excellence  of  his  judgment,  and  was  demonstrated  by  the 
successful  organization  of  the  Royal  Gold  and  Copper  Mining 
Company,  with  a  capital  of  1,000,000  shares  of  a  par  value 
of  $10  each.  In  this  combination  he  has  grouped  together 
an  empire  of  over  4,000  acres  of  ground  located  in  Beaver 


338  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

County.  This  indeed  was  a  sovereign  effort  and  astounding 
to  many  in  its  magnitude  and  significance.  Equally  so  was 
the  manner  of  its  accomplishing.  Despite  the  keenest  rivalry 
and  cleverest  schemes  to  thwart  his  progress,  Senator  Lewis 
quietly  and  persistently  pursued  his  purpose,  surmounting 
obstacles  as  with  an  eagle's  wings,  the  obstinacy  of  his  will 
being  the  open  sesame  by  which  he  gained  control  of  the 
treasure  vaults  surrounding  him.  Tact  and  talent  were  no 
less  necessary,  as  was  capital  in  abundance,  but  the  royal 
result  at  once  proclaimed  the  work  a  triumph  of  a  master 
mind.  The  mines  thus  absorbed  have  in  the  past  produced 
from  their  surface  workings,  in  the  face  of  adverse  conditions 
of  various  kinds  such  as  heavy  transportation  and  smelt'er 
charges,  ore  to  the  amount  of  more  than  $3,000,000,  while 
that  on  their  dumps,  long  since  discarded  as  unprofitable,  is  rich 
in  wealth  under  present  conditions.  But  under  the  mammoth 
organization  now  effected  by  Senator  Lewis,  every  group  of 
mines  in  this  extensive  combination  will  yield  untold  wealth 
to  its  owners  and  result  in  greater  vindication  of  the  wisdom 
which,  in  the  face  of  every  discouragement,  proclaimed 
this  region  the  Eldorado  of  the  West.  Not  content  with  this 
matchless  effort — the  greatest  ever  undertaken  single-handed 
in  the  State — Senator  Lewis  at  the  same  time  was  looking 
around  for  another  world  to  conquer.  The  magnetic  attrac- 
tion of  Iron  County's  prodigious  deposits  of  iron  ore  drew  him 
thither  and  the  star  of  empire  hangs  lumious  over  the  couch 
of  Utah's  industrial  redeemer — the  Iron  King.  Hence  Senator 
Lewis  may  be  likened  to  one  of  the  three  wise  men  who, 
seeing  the  star  in  the  east,  followed  whither  it  led.  His 
operations  and  pending  negotiations  will,  therefore,  give 
impetus  to  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  the  Iron  Age — the 
establishment  of  an  empire  that  shall  mean  industrial  glory 
and  salvation  to  unnumbered  thousands  in  our  State;  for  no 
mind  is  keener  than  his  to  grasp  the  possibilities  such  as 
there  are  sculptured  by  the  hand  of  Omnipotence,  and  bring 
about  their  realization. 


MINES  AND  MINING.  339 

The  great  work,  however,  of  operating,  equipping  and 
managing  the  enormous  properties  of  the  Royal  Gold  & 
Copper  Mining  Company,  will  not  be,  because  of  any  con- 
tingent project,  in  any  way  impeded.  His  marvelous  adapt- 
ability and  capacity  for  work  has  given  Senator  Lewis 
striking  pre-eminence  and  nothing  in  his  hands,  seemingly,  is 
ever  in  danger  from  mismanagement  or  incapacity  of  any 
kind,  so  that  the  industrial  and  financial  world  with  which 
he  has  become  so  notably  identified,  has  every  confidence  in 
him,  well  assured  that  the  interests  of  labor  and  capital  are 
safe  in  his  hands. 

No  possible  description  of  the  extensive  properties  that 
he  has  unified  and  organized  into  ideal  existence  can  be 
given  here  in  the  limits  of  this  department,  so  numerous  and 
diverse  in  their  nature  and  ramification  they  are,  but  the 
results  that  time — and  not  so  very  distant — must  show 
will  justly  and  amply  emphasize  the  feeble  measurement  of 
the  man  we  have  here  been  able  to  portray. 


DEEP  CREEK,  ETC, 

THIS  region  embraces  Granite,  Dry  Canyon,  Dewey, 
Clifton,  Gold  Hill  and  Dutch  Mountain.  In  the  same  region, 
so  to  speak,  are  Fish  Springs  and  Dugway  districts.  These 
have  all  been  occupied  and  worked  for  many  years  and  are 
as  promising  as  those  of  any  other  part  of  the  State.  In  fact 
it  is  not  altogether  a  matter  of  promise,  since  all  are  produc- 
ers, some  of  them  extensive  and  continuous  ones,  and  with  the 
construction  of  a  long-promised  railroad  would  add  many 
figures  to  the  commonwealth's  income,  besides  adding  a  few 
names  to  its  list  of  millionaries.  The  whole  country  has 
been  written  up  until  its  story  is  a  household  word,  and  what 
it  needs  now, is  fewer  words  and  more  applied  enterprise  in 
the  direction  of  rapid  transportation.  In  view  of  the  fact  that 
the  needed  road  would  be  an  assured  money-maker  from  the 


340  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

start,  that  it  could  be  constructed  cheaper  than  any  other 
that  has  ever  been  built  in  the  Western  country,  and  that  so 
many  languishing  industries  would  of  a  surety  all  at  once 
spring  into  magnificent  advancement,  it  is  one  of  the  wonders 
of  our  time  why  the  thing  was  not  done  long  ago.  How- 
ever, it  cannot  be  held  off  much  more,  and  with  its  coming 
the  places  named  will  not  only  be  populous  ones,  but  attract 
more  and  more  people  and  wealth  to  the  State  at  large. 


COAL  AND  IRON. 

NEITHER  coal  nor  iron,  by  some  sort  of  conventional 
perversion,  figure  as  precious  metals,  hence  they  are  here 
considered  separately. 

Iron  mining  was  carried  on  to  a  limited  extent  earlier  in 
the  fifties  than  was  any  mining  event  recorded  herein.  This 
was  in  Iron  County  where  (at  Cedar  City)  a  furnace  was  built 
and  some  castings  were  made.  These  were  not  equal  to  Eastern 
work  by  any  means;  one  of  the  articles  cast  was  a  bell  which 
was  duly  mounted  for  public  service,  and  while  it  lacked  in 
resonance  and  vibratory  power  somewhat,  it  was  an  evidence 
of  the  pushing  enterprise  and  tenacious  purpose  of  the  early 
settlers.  The  working  of  iron  ores,  even  in  such  crude  and 
primitive  manner,  presupposes  the  finding  and  use  of  coal,  of 
which  there  has  always  been  an  abundance,  but  which  has 
not,  by  reason  of  the  lack  of  cheap  transportation  facilities, 
forced  its  way  into  the  open  markets  to  any  great  extent.  In 
both  the  respects  spoken  of  Iron  County  is  surely  destined  to 
stride  to  the  front  at  no  distant  day  and  as  surely  to  remain 
there. 

As  a  mercantile  and  systematic  proposition,  coal  mining 
in  Utah  began  near  where  the  town  of  Coalville  now  stands. 
This  was  begun  as  an  agricultural  community  in  1859  by  W. 
H.  Smith,  Alanson  Norton  and  Andrew  Williams,  being  joined 
soon  after  effecting  a  location  by  H.  B.  Wilde,  Thos.  G. 
Franklin  and  Joseph  Stallings.  Coal  croppings  had  previously 


MINES  AND  MINING.  341 

been  observed  in  various  places,  but  it  was  not  until  the  little 
settlement  was  some  three  years  old  that  the  measures  were 
attacked  in  a  systematic,  determined  manner  and  made  to 
yield  in  abundance  of  the  dusky  diamonds  with  which  they 
were  charged.  One  location  followed  another  in  rapid  suc- 
cession and  the  coal  business  grew  into  one  of  great  propor- 
tions and  several  organized  companies  sprang  into  existence. 
It  is  impossible  at  this  time  to  go  into  details  regarding  the 
growth  and  present  proportions  of  the  industry,  the  figures 
are  too  varied,  vast  and  far-reaching.  Great  coal  finds  have 
been  made  in  other  parts  of  the  State,  notably  in  Sanpete, 
Emery  and  Carbon  counties,  but  it  is  held  that  nothing  yet 
uncovered  has  even  remotely  approached  in  vastness  and  ac- 
cessibility the  great  deposits  immediately  surrounding  Coal* 
ville. 

It  is  probable  that  the  total  yield  of  the  State  is  hot  much 
short  of  three  million  tons  per  annum,  an  element  of  wealth  to 
the  few  and  comfort  to  the  many  which  is  not  to  be  ranked 
among  the  smaller  things  of  our  great  and  growing  common- 
wealth by  any  means. 


GENERAL   MENTION. 

NEW  districts  have  been  forming  fast  of  late  years,  and 
some  of  them  give  promise  of  becoming  as  famous  as  their 
predecessors.  Stateline,  whose  location  is  defined  by  its  name 
in  the  western  part  of  Beaver  County,  Blue  Mountains  and 
Henry  Mountains  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  State,  Park 
Valley  in  the  northwestern  part  and  various  others  of  more 
or  less  consequence  elsewhere  have  come  into  existence  in 
recent  years.  In  fact,  almost  every  county  in  the  State  has 
at  least  one,  some  of  them  several  districts,  but  the  producers 
in  a  commercial  sense,  have  previously  been  spoken  of.  New 


342  UTAH  AS  II  IS. 

finds  are  being  made  every  day,  and  it  is  more  than  the  daily 
papers  can  do  to  keep  up  with  them. 


THE  STOCK  EXCHANGE. 

THE  Salt  Lake  Stock  Exchange  is  one  of  the  institutions 
of  the  State  deserving  of  prominent  mention.  Its  member- 
ship consists  of  prominent  business  men  of  integrity  and 
capacity,  of  course  more  or  less  interested  in  mines  and  min- 
ing. Its  transactions  every  day  amount  to  many  thousands 
of  dollars,  and  besides  the  speculative  feature  the  Exchange 
serves  the  useful  purpose  of  advertising  the  mineral 
wealth  of  the  State  and  furnishing  ready  information  regard- 
ing the  workings  of  the  great  industry  such  as  could  scarcely 
be  obtained  all  at  once  from  any  other  source. 

The  officers  of  the  Exchange  are  as  follows:  J.  A.  Pol- 
lock, President;  E.  D.  Miller,  First  Vice-President,}.  Obern- 
dorfer,  Second  Vice-President;  W.  H.  Farnsworth,  Third 
Vice-President;  G.  P.  Norton,  Treasurer;  James  Shorten, 
Secretary;  these,  with  M.  M.  Miller,  M.S.  Pendergast,  A.  S. 
Campbell,  W.  H.  Tibbals  and  W.  J.  Browning,  are  the 
Directors. 


SILVER  REEF. 

THIS  once  flourishing  district  was  a  wonder  in  its  day, 
and  it  may  become  a  name  to  conjure  with  yet.  Not  only 
was  its  productiveness  for  many  years  vast,  but  its  character- 
istics were  something  unique  and  unprecedented  in  the  history 
of  mining  in  modern  times.  Not  only  was  the  prevalent  gee- 
logical  theory  of  the  precious  metals  not  existing  in  sandstone 
upset,  but  the  vegetable  and  mineral  kingdoms  were  united  by 
means  unknown  to  man,  I  have  seen  petrifactions  of  sage- 


MINES  AND  MINING. 


343 


brush  twigs  and  parts  of  trees  that  went  hundreds  of   dollars 
in  the  precious  metals  per  ton! 


METAL  PRODUCTION  AND  DIVIDENDS. 

PRIOR  to  1870  Utah  almost  failed  to  score  in  the  com- 
mercial world  as  a  producer  of  metals,  although  not  wholly 
without  a  record.  Probably  the  total  would  have  reached 
three-fourths  of  a  million.  Beginning  with  1871  the  first  five 
years  made  a  fine  showing,  the  gold,  silver  and  lead  output 
being  $20,558,079.  Copper  appeared  on  the  scene  in  1873, 
and  its  production  steadily  increased.  The  totals  to  the  end  of 
1903  are  as  follows:  Gold,  $34,564.459.12;  silver,  $180,000,- 
336.27;  lead  $51,563,589.61;  copper,  $17,947,859.76.  For 
1903  the  yield  was  approximately  in  round  numbers — gold, 
$4.000,000,  silver,  $20,000,000;  lead,  $5,000,000,  copper, 
$5,000,000;  aggregate,  $34,000,000. 

The  following  were  the  dividend  payers  for  1903: 


NAME  OF  MINE. 

LOCATION. 

DIVIDENDS 
PAID. 

TOTALS  TO  DATE 

Annie  Laurie  

Gold  Mountain 

$I4Q  «;i6 

$        169  516  oo 

Butler-Liberal  . 

Bingham 

2  "\OO 

2  5OO  OO 

Century  

Park  Valley 

9  ooo 

Q  OOO  OO 

Consolidated  Mercur.... 

Mercur  

150.000 

1,210,^12.97 

Daly-West  

Park  City 

i  332  ooo 

7  401  OOO  OO 

Gemini  

Tintic 

100,000 

950  ooo  oo 

Grand  Central  

Tintic  

225,000 

916,250  oo 

Horn  Silver  

Frisco 

20  ooo 

5  362,000  oo 

Sacramento  

Mercur 

6  >  ooo 

187,000.00 

Silver  King  

Park  City 

f    7OO  OOO 

7  450,000.00 

South  Swansea  

Tintic 

9,000 

284  OOO  OQ 

Utah  

8  coo 

205  ooo  oo 

Utah  Consolidated  

Binghatn 

1,404.  ooo 

3,929.000.00 

Totals,  

$4,760  016 

$26,  165,578.07. 

V 

ELEEMOSYNARY. 


RETREATS  FOR  THE  SICK  AND  UNFORTUNATE 
IN  OUR  MIDST. 

SALT  LAKE  CITY  and  Ogden  are  well  equipped  in  the 
matter  of  eleemosynary  institutions,  these  added  lo  the 
splendid  and  capacious  Mental  Hospital  at  Provo  making 
Utah  as  well  provided  for  in  this  respect,  proportionately  as 
any  of  her  sisters.  As  in  other  things,  the  end  is  not  yet,  and 
places  of  refuge  and  sanitation  will  be  provided  as  rapidly 
and  extensively  as  circumstances  may  require.  All  are  more 
or  less  charitable  in  their  purpose  and  practices,  while  some 
are  altogether  so.  The  first  in  the  order  of  mention  is  that 
splendid  structure  overlooking  Salt  Lake  City  from  the  east 
bench  and  known  as 

THE  JUDGE  MINERS'  HOME. 

THE  Judge  Memorial  Home,  intended  as  a  home  for 
aged  and  disabled  miners  and  a  hospital  for  the  care  of  the 
sick  and  injured,  was  founded  by  Mrs.  Mary  Judge  in  1902. 
The  new  building,  which  occupies  the  finest  site  on  the  east 
bench,  overlooking  the  entire  Salt  Lake  valley,  is  one  of  the 
most  imposing  edifices  in  the  city.  The  building  has  a  rock 
foundation  and  four  stories-  of  brick.  Its  dimensions  are  225 


346  Ul  AH  AS  U  IS. 

feet  by  40  feet,  with  two  wings  extending  100  feet  back  of 
the  main  structure.  The  north  wing  is  designed  for  the  min- 
ers' home  and  the  south  wing  for  the  hospital,  which  will  be 
htted  up  with  all  the  latest  improvements.  An  elevator  in 
the  building  will  be  an  important  convenience,  especially  in 
conveying  the  sick  and  injured  to  the  upper  floors.  There 
will  be  two  operating  rooms  supplied  with  thoroughly  mod- 
ern equipment,  and  the  hospital  department  will  have  accom- 
modations for  at  least  150,  while  the  home  proper  will  enter- 
tain 250  persons. 

This  home  and  hospital  is  a  charitable  institution,  en- 
dowed by  Mrs.  Judge  as  a  monument  of  her  regard  for  the 
men  who  delve  in  the  earth  for  its  hidden  treasures,  and  to  be 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Catholic  church,  Bishop  Scanlan 
being  its  general  manager.  Here  needy  miners  when  injured 
may  be  treated  and  cared  for  free  of  charge  and,  if  perman- 
ently disabled,  will  be  given  a  permanent  home.  The  build- 
ing is  now  enclosed  and  plastered  and  the  work  ot  finishing 
the  interior  is  in  progress.  It  is  expected  that  it  will  be  ready 
to  be  opened  in  June,  1904. 


DR.  W.  H.  GROVES  LATTER-DAY  SAINTS 
HOSPITAL. 

THE  Groves  Latter-day  Saints  Hospital  is  in  course  of 
erection  in  Salt  Lake  City.  It  originated  with  the  bequest  of 
the  late  Dr.  W.  H.  Groves,  an  old  time  resident  of  Salt  Lake 
City,  who  died  several  years  ago  and  left  all  his  property, 
both  real  and  personal,  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  and 
operating  a  hospital.  The  following  is  a  paragraph  of  his  will 
on  this  subject : 

"I  give  and  devise  all  my  real  property  wherever  situ- 
ated to  my  executors,  Franklin  S.  Richards  and  Jas.  T.  Little, 
as  Trustees,  their  successors  and  assigns,  and  authorize  and 


348  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

direct  them  to  sell  and  dispose  of  the  same  whenever,  in 
their  judgment,  it  can  be  done  to  advantage,  and  as  soon  as 
practicable,  and  to  devote  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  said 
property  to  the  purchase  of  a  hospital  site  at  Salt  Lake  City 
or  vicinity,  and  to  the  erection  and  maintenance  of  a  Hospital 
thereon,  which  shall  always  be  known  as  the  'Dr.  W.  H. 
Groves  Latter-day  Saints  Hospital.'  The  title  of  said  insti- 
tution to  be  vested  in  a  board  of  trustees  or  in  a  corporation 
as  my  executors  may  deem  best  for  the  carrying  out  of  my 
intention  and  desire,  to  make  the  same  a  permanent  and  cred- 
;table  institution  for  all  future  time,  which  shall  always  be  un- 
der the  direction  and  management  of  the  persons  who  com- 
pose the  Presiding  Bishopric  of  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ 
of  Latter-day  Saints.  Franklin  S.  Richards  shall  be  one  of  the 
trustees  or  directors  of  said  hospital  and  Dr.  Jos.  S.  Richards 
shall  also  be  one  of  the  trustees  or  directors  of  said  hospital, 
and  he  shall  be  the  medical  director  of  the  same  as  long  as 
he  lives.  It  being  my  wish  that  all  of  my  real  estate  shall  be 
converted  into  the  money  and  the  entire  proceeds  thereof 
used  for  the  establishment,  endowment  and  perpetual  main- 
tenance of  said  hospital." 

Under  date  of  June  27th,  1903,  and  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  the  will,  an  association  was  formed  under 
the  laws  of  the  State  of  Utah  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out 
the  conditions  of  the  will,  and  articles  of  incorporation  were 
filed,  naming  Wm.  B.  Preston  president,  Robert  f.  Burton 
vice-president,  O.  P.  Miller,  Franklin  S.  Richards  and  Jos.  S. 
Richards  as  trustees,  with  John  Wells  as  secretary  and  trea- 
surer. Immediately  thereafter  the  construction  of  the  hos- 
pital was  commenced. 

The  present  building  is  known  as  the  main  building  at- 
tached to  which  will  be  wings  on  the  east  and  west  as  the 
business  of  the  hospital  may  require.  The  estimated  cost  of 
the  present  structure  is  in  the  neighborhood  of  $150,000.  This 
is  four  stones  high  with  a  basement  all  out  of  the  ground.  It 
is  absolutely  fire-proof.  It  will  be  furnished  with  every  mod- 


ELEEMOSYNARY.  349 

convenience  for  hospital  service.  It  is  expected  that 
somewhere  in  the  neighborhood  of  $50,000.00  will  be  de- 
rived from  the  estate  of  Dr.  Groves,  the  balance  to  be  pro- 
vided by  the  Trustee-in-Trust  of  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ 
of  Latter-day  Saints  and  other  donors.  A  short  time  ago 
the  Fifteenth  Corporation  of  the  Church,  known  as  the  Fif- 
teenth Ward,  generously  donated  the  sum  of  $10,000.00  to- 
wards the  erection  of  this  building,  and  it  is  expected  that 
other  similar  donations  will  be  received  when  the  hospital  is 
completed. 


ST.  MARK'S  HOSPITAL. 

ST.  MARK'S  HOSPITAL,  the  first  in  the  Territory  of  Utah, 
was  established  in  1873,  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Daniel  S.  Tuttle, 
D.  D.,  Bishop  of  Utah,  and  the  Rev.  R.  M.  Kirby,  Rector  of 
St.  Mark's  Church,  at  the  corner  of  Third  South  and  Fifth 
East  streets,  Salt  Lake  City,  in  a  small  two-story  adobe 
house.  From  this  very  humble  beginning  as  a  hospital,  ac- 
commodating half  a  dozen  patients,  it  has  grown  to  one  of 
five  largf*  buildings  accommodating  150  patients.  During  the 
first  year  less  than  25  were  cared  for,  last  year  over  1600. 
During  the  thirty  years  of  its  work  it  has  cared  for  nearly 
20,000  sick  and  injured  men  and  women.  This  growth  has  of 
course  been  gradual;  the  first  move  was  the  erection  of  a 
three-story  brick  building  at  the  corner  of  Second  West  and 
Seventh  North  streets,  and  the  last  the  erection  of  a  four- 
story  wing  which  has  just  been  completed.  The  equipment 
in  the  beginning  was  the  crudest,  while  now  it  is  thoroughly 
up  to  date.  In  the  beginning  the  staff  was  made  up  of  one 
doctor,  J.  F.  Hamilton,  to  whom  the  hospital  owes  every- 
thing as  to  its  inception  and  early  carrying  on;  now  the  staff 
is  made  up  of  sixteen  prominent  physicians  and  surgeons  and 
there  are  also  two  internes.  The  hospital  draws  its  patients 
Utah,  Nevada,  Wyoming  and  Idaho.  It  cares  for  men 


350 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


from  every  mining  camp  in  the  State  of  Utah.  All  work  for 
the  Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad,  from  Huntington,  Oregon, 
and  Granger,  Wyoming,  to  Salt  Lake  City,  is  done  at  St. 
Mark's  Hospital.  A  majority  of  the  work  on  the  Rio  Grande 
Western  from  Grand  Junction,  Colorado,  to  Ogden,  Utah  is 
also  done  here.  All  the  work  of  the  San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles 
and  Salt  Lake  railroad  is  brought  to  St.  Mark's. 

In  the  new  wing  are  two  operating  rooms,  together  with 
instrument,  sterilizing,  etherizing,  preparation  and  x-ray 
rooms.  There  is  also  the  general  diet  kitchen  for  the  hospital 


ST.  MARK'S  HOSPITAL. 

and  a  large  room  for  the  making  and  storing  of  all  surgical 
dressings  used,  and  a  dark  room  for  the  development  of  x-ray 
photographs.  The  laboratory  situated  in  this  building  is  com- 
pletely equipped  for  all  analytical  and  bacteriological  works. 
The  hospital  has  its  own  steam  laundry  and  also  two  dyna- 
mos for  generating  electricity  for  all  purposes.  The  am- 
bulance service  is  prompt  and  careful. 

In  connection  with  the  hospital  there  is  a  large  training 
school  for  nurses.  The  course  of  training  extends  over  three 
years,  during  which  time  the  young  women  are  taught  nurs- 


ELEEMOSYNARY.  351 

ing  along  the  most  modern  and  up  to  date  methods.  The 
superintendent  of  the  training  school  has  classes  each  week, 
lectures  are  given  by  members  of  the  staff  weekly,  examina- 
tions are  set,  and  those  who  pass  successfully  are  at  the  end 
of  a  three  years'  course  given  a  diploma,  which,  coming  from 
a  well  known  and  modern  institution  shows  them  to  be  well 
fitted  for  their  life  work.  The  training  school  is  the  largest 
in  the  inter-mountain  country. 

The  officers  are  M.  H.  Walker,  President  pro  tern;  Rev. 
C.  E.  Perkins,  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  and  Messrs.  W.  V. 
Rice,  H.  C.  Wallace,  H.  G.  McMillan  and  C.  E.  Allen, 
Trustees. 

The  Superintendent  is  the  Rev.  G.  C.  Hunting  and  the 
Superintendent  of  Nurses,  Mrs.  N.  F.  Crossland;  Mrs.  A.  M. 
Slavan  is  Night  Supervisor,  and  Miss  L.  H.  Hard  is  Operat- 
ing Room  Nurse. 

The  Medical  Director  is  F.  S.  Bascom,  M.  D.,  while  the 
other  members  of  the  staff  are: — S.  H.  Pinkerton,  A.  C. 
Ewing,  G.  B.  Pfoutz,  A.  S.  Bower,  U.  Worthington,  J.  F. 
Critchlow,  A.  C.  Behle,  D.  M.  Lindsay,  Philo  E.  Jones,  A. 
A.  Kerr,  T.  B.  Beatty,  E.  V.  Silver,  R.  W.  Fisher,  B.  A. 
Gemmell  and  Henry  LaMotte. 


HOSPITAL  OF  THE  HOLY  CROSS. 

More  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  the  Rev.  Lawrence 
Scanlan,  alive  to  the  needs  of  the  growing  city,  matured  a 
plan  for  the  opening  of  a  hospital,  a  project  quite  in  line  with 
the  broad,  practical  charity  characteristic  of  him.  According- 
ly, at  his  invitation,  from  the  Mother  House  of  the  Sisters  of 
the  Holy  Cross,  St*  Mary's  convent,  Notre  Dame,  Indiana, 
October,  1875,  came  Sister  Holy  Cross  and  Sister  M.  Barth- 
olomew, the  former  charged  with  the  responsibility  of  the 
.undertaking,  in  which  she  was  ably  assisted  by  the  latter,  A 


352 


U1AH  AS  II  IS. 


rented  two-story  house,  accommodating  patients  to  the  num- 
ber of  thirteen,  was  the  unpretentious  opening.  Dr.  Allen 
Fowler  and  the  Drs.  Benedict — brothers — gave  their  ser- 
vices gratis. 

The  work  of  caring  for  the  sick  was  carried  on  under 
circumstances  demanding  continual  sacrifices  until  1882,  when 
a  site  on  First  South  Street  was  purchased  upon  which  the 
present  brick  structure  was  erected.  Just  here  it  may  be  said 
that  the  architectural  beauty  of  the  edifice,  its  sunshine- flooded 
halls,  wards  and  private  rooms,  are  due  to  the  sound  judg- 


HOSPITAI,  OF  THE  HOLY  CROSS. 

ment  and  critical  taste  of  the  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop,  under  whose 
direction  the  plans  were  prepared. 

The  cost  of  the  structure  was  met  by  the  surplus  fund  of 
the  hospital,  together  with  donations  from  the  non-Catholic 
public,  and  especially  by  contributions  from  the  generous- 
hearted  miners  of  the  district. 

In  this  connection  it  seems  eminently  proper  to  call  at- 
tention to  the  fact  that  the  Bishop, with  his  Vicar-General, 
Rev.  Denis  Kiely,  bore  the  brunt  of  the  work,  as  regards  se- 
curing from  the  miners  financial  aid  to  meet  the  expenses  in- 
volved in  the  erection  of  the  hospital,  and  to  them,  in  large 
measure,  is  due  the  success  of  the  enterprise.  But  equally 


ELEEMOSYNARY.  353 

contributable  thereto  was  the  work  of  the  sisters  in  charge, 
and  with  such  a  union  of  forces  the  work  was  bound  to  pros- 
per, and  accordingly  the  new  building  was  ready  for  occu- 
pancy in  June,  1883. 

Holy  Cross  Hospital  is  admirably  arranged,  the  usual 
wards  and  private  rooms  appertaining  to  similar  institutions 
being  sufficient  to  accomodate  in  the  main  building  patients  to 
the  number  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five.  The  wards  are 
conveniently  arranged  and  the  apartments  generally  are  as 
nearly  perfect  as  possible.  Improvements  just  completed  at 
the  hospital  include  the  addition  of  a  new  wing  and  a  chape^ 
with  a  seating  capacity  of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty. 

The  present  medical  service  is  contributed  by  the  follow- 
ing eminent  physicians  and  surgeons:  Dr.  Hughes,  oculist 
and  aurist;  Dr.  Richards,  Dr.  Niles,  Dr.  Root,  Dr.  Hosmer, 
Dr.  Whitney  and  Dr.  Mayo. 

It  should  be  understood  that  Holy  Cross  Hospital  is  non- 
sectarian  in  its  management,  no  distinction  being  made  what- 
ever. 


KEARNS  ST.  ANN'S  ORPHANAGE. 

IT  WAS  in  1890  that  Bishop  Scanlan  abandoned  his 
former  home  in  this  city  and  converted  it  to  the  use  of  an 
institution  known  as  St.  Ann's  Orphanage.  From  the  be- 
ginning, the  number  of  children  cared  for  rapidly  increased, 
until  accommodations  were  wofully  inadequate,  and  it  was  a 
matter  of  real  concern  as  to  how  to  keep  pace  with  the  demands 
made  upon  the  institution.  The  magnificent  donation  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Thomas  Kearns  of  fifty  thousand  dollars,  solved 
the  problem  for  many  years  to  come,  and  no  delay  was 
permitted  in  starting  work  on  a  new  structure  that  should 
be  large  enough  and  in  every  way  adapted  for  the  purpose. 
Hence  on  August  27,  1899,  the  corner  stone  of  the  in- 


354 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


stitution — now  called  the  Kearns  St.  Ann's  Orphanage — 
was  laid  by  Bishop  Scanlan  in  the  presence  of  a  large 
assemblage.  The  Governor  of  the  State  and  other  pro- 
minent officials  were  present  at  the  ceremony,  together  with 
many  distinguished  citizens  from  surrounding  cities  and  towns. 
Governor  Wells  made  an  address  at  the  conclusion  of 
Bishop  Scanlan's  sermon.  Senator  Rawlins  also  spoke  and  at 
the  end  of  the  ceremonies,  Hon.  C.  S.  Varian  presented 
Mr.  Kearns  with  the  silver  trowel,  which  was  received  by 
him  in  behalf  of  Mrs.  Kearns  in  a  fitting  response. 


Ill        II 


KEARNS  ST.    ANN'S  ORPHANAGE. 

The  Kearns  St.  Ann's  Orphanage  is  situated  in  the  center 
of  a  ten-acre  block,  bounded  by  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth 
South  and  Fourth  and  Fifth  East  streets.  The  building 
faces  north  and  is  130  feet  in  length,  80  feet  in  width  and 
125  feet  high  to  the  point  of  the  tower.  The  basement 
has  a  nine-foot  ceiling,  containing  two  playrooms,  each  25x32, 
the  main  dining  hall,  25x70,  the  kitchen.  18x25;  anc^  pantries, 
storerooms,  etc. 

The  first  floor  has  a  twelve-foot  ceiling;  has  main  en- 


ELEEMOSYNARY.  355 

trance  hall,  10x18;  the  main  corridor,  8x20;  staircase  hall. 
18x20;  four  classrooms,  each  25x32;  a  drafting  room  18x25; 
a  music  room,  15x25;  parlor,  18x28,  two  office  rooms,  15x18 
each,  and  a  large  veranda,  10x70  feet. 

The  second  floor  is  used  for  dormitory  purposes,  boys 
and  girls  having  separate  sections,  each  room  being  25x70. 
There  are  also  boys'  and  girls1  wardrobes,  with  lockers,  each 
15x18;  two  nursery  chambers,  each  15x18;  four  rooms  for 
Sisters  of  Charity,  each  15x18;  one  sick  room,  15x18;  closets, 
etc.  The  ceilings  are  eleven  feet  high  and  a  balcony 
extends  over  the  full  front  veranda.  In  the  attic,  which 
has  a  twelve  and  a  half  foot  ceiling,  there  is  a  chapel  with 
a  seating  capacity  of  500,  and  also  closets  and  extra  bed- 
rooms. 

The  annex  in  the  rear  of  the  main  building,  connected 
with  it  by  covered  passages,  contains  the  heating  plant  in 
the  basement,  laundry  on  the  first  floor,  boys'  and  girls' 
toilet  rooms  and  bath  rooms  on  the  second  floor.  The 
dimensions  of  the  annex  are  20x28. 

The  building,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  accompanying 
engraving,  is  a  neat,  substantial  structure,  the  outer  walls 
being  of  red  pressed  brick,  with  gray  cut  stone  trimmings; 
the  interior  is  furnished  in  hard  wood,  with  hard  wood  floors, 
and  the  heating,  lighting  and  ventilating  arrangements  are 
of  the  best.  It  has  sleeping  accommodations  for  250  chil- 
dren, with  school  capacity  for  many  more  day  children. 

Many  homeless  little  ones,  not  only  from  Salt  Lake  City  and 
State,  but  from  Idaho,  Wyoming,  Nevada  and  elsewhere  are 
being  tenderly  cared  for  and  trained  to  become  useful 
citizens  in  the  future;  and  to  Bishop  Scanlan  and  the  faithful 
sisters  in  charge,  as  well  as  to  Senator  and  particularly  to 
IV[rs.  Kearns,  the  community  owes  grateful  thanks  for  the 
founding  and  directing  of  this  beneficent  institution. 


356 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


THE  KEELEY  INSTITUTE. 

THIS  institution  is  now  located  at  the  historic  Devereux 
house,  334  W.  South  Temple  Street.  The  old  mansion  was 
built  by  the  Hon.  William  Jennings  and  for  years  was  the 
centre  of  many  notable  and  brililant  festivities  in  Salt  Lake 
social  life,  Generals  Grant  and  Sherman,  Lady  Franklin 
and  other  celebrities  having  been  entertained  there. 

Devereux  house,  with  its  cosy  accommodations  and  ele- 
gant appointments,  makes  an  ideal  home  for  so  praiseworthy 


THE 


INSTITUTE. 


an  institution  as  the  Keeley,  and  as  tho  treatment  it  affords 
has  been  before  the  public  since  1880,  counting  those  it  has 
cured  by  the  thousands,  it  is  worthy  of  every  encouragement. 
As  there  are  hundreds  of  people  in  this  State  who  need  the 
treatment  there  given,  many  of  them  unable  to  incur  the 
necessary  expense,  it  is  intended  to  appeal  to  the  Legislature 
for  the  passage  of  a  law  which  will  secure  to  those  unable  to 
pay  for  the  same  the  treatment  necessary  to  save  them  from 


ELEEMOSYNARY.  357 

absolute  ruin  and  make  of  them  self-respecting  citizens.  The 
great  majority  of  the  people  are  believed  to  be  in  favor  of 
such  a  law,  as  its  results  to  the  State  and  humanity  at  large 
must  be  beneficent.  The  Keeley  Institute  treats  drunken- 
ness as  a  disease  and  cures  it,  and  those  who  have  any  knowl- 
edge of  its  results  need  no  assurance  of  its  safety  to  the  sys- 
tem, its  administration  being  equally  salutary  and  effective 
whether  applied  in  infancy,  youth  or  old  age. 

If  the  Legislature  shall  enact  a  law  establishing  a  guard- 
ianship over  those  who  are  helplessly  afflicted  with  the  disease 
of  drunkenness,  and  provide  for  these  people  treatment  at  the 
public  expense,  the  money  thus  appropriated  would  accom- 
plish results  more  far-reaching  in  a  redemptive  way  than 
those  achieved  through  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of 
jails  and  all  the  ramifications  connected  therewith.  It  would 
result  in  large  measure  in  the  reclamation  of  thousands  of  our 
people  from  degradation  and  disgrace,  transforming  them  into 
respectable  citizens  and  thereby  securing  the  State  ample  re- 
turn for  the  funds  invested.  The  treatment  provided  by  the 
Keeley  Institute  would  aid  the  State  to  accomplish  this  desir- 
able end  surer  and  quicker  than  any  other  yet  discovered. 


CHILDREN'S  A.  AND  H.  F.  ASSOCIATION. 

THE  Children's  Aid  and  Home  Finding  Association  of 
Utah  is  one  of  the  very  worthy  institutions  in  our  midst  de- 
serving of  more  extended  mention  than  can  be  given  it  here. 
Its  purposes  are  to  protect  children  from  cruelty  and  to  pro- 
vide for  the  care  and  control  of  those  who  are  orphaned,  neg- 
lected, dependent  or  homeless;  also  to  aid  by  every  practic- 
able means  the  State,  county  and  city  officials  in  carrying  out 
the  laws  for  the  protection,  disposition  and  supervision  of  such 
children.  It  is  an  incorporated  institution  and  a  most  noble 
charity. 


358 


UTAH  AS  11 


The  officers  are: — Rev.  R.  Wake,  President;  Mrs.  E. 
E.  Shepard,  Secretary;  H.  W.  Lawerence,  Treasurer;  Mrs. 
V.  A.  Stickney,  Superintendent.  It  is  located  at  n  Earl's 
Court,  Salt  Lake  City. 


MRS.    STJCKNfcY   AND   ONE   OF    HFR    CHARGES. 


Part   II. —  Biographical 


PROMINENT    PEOPLE    PICTURED 
AND    PENNED. 


/HpHE  strictly  narrative  portion  of  this  volume  being  practi- 
cally  concluded,  that  of  presenting  some  of  our  prominent 
people  by  sketch  and  portrait  begins. 

This  division  will  be  found  of  unusual  interest.  In  it  are 
presentations  of  every  line  of  life,  embracing  all  shades  of 
belief  in  our  midst.  The  statesman,  the  minister,  the  profess- 
or, the  educator,  the  merchant,  the  industrialist,  the  designer, 
the  producer  in  every  department — ^all  have  a  showing. 
Representative  types  in  each  class  have  been  selected,  and 
the  varied  stories  combined,  themselves  constitute  a  history 
of  Utah  superior  to  any  other  when  convenience  and  accessi- 
bility are  considered  along  with  accuracy,  variety  and  scope. 
The  arrangement  follows  somewhat  the  previous  plan  of 
the  book.  The  founders  of  the  community  are  given  the 
first  mention,  after  which  the  other  biographies  appear  as 
nearly  as  may  be  in  chronological  order,  but  failing  in  this 
the  order  in  which  they  were  received,  or  as  close  to  that  as 
possible,  is  followed.  By  this  means  there  are  no  "preferred 
places"  and  none  more  prominent  than  any  other.  This  state- 
ment may  appear  in  substance  elsewhere,  and  there  is  no  ne- 
cessity for  ah  apfblogy  for  this,  because  it  must  be  understood 
at  every  stage. 


360 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


The  work  of  getting  these  portraits  and  sketches  together 
has  been  a  long  and  arduous  task,  but  the  end  justifies  the 
means.  Undoubtedly  a  representative  assemblage  which  it 
would  be  quite  impossible  to  improve  upon  is  the  result.  As  to 
that,  no  part  of  the  book  has  been  easily  got  together — all 
parts  have  required  labor,  persistence,  patience,  time  and  ex- 
pense, the  outcome  being,  as  is  believed,  one  that  will  be 
satisfactory  all  around. 

Having  said  so  much  by  way  of  introducing  and  explain- 
ing the  Second  Part  of  the  book,  the  work  will  proceed  from 
this  point  in  regular  order. 


"AMELIA  PALACE,"  RESIDENCE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  E.  K.  HOLMES. 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS. 


PRESIDENT  JOSEPH  F.  SMITH. 

[Portrait  on  page  27.] 

THE  President  of  the  Mormon  Church,  whose  full  name  is 
Joseph  Fielding  Smith,  was  ushered  into  this  vale  of 
tears  on  Nov.  13,  1838,  in  the  little  colony  of  Far  West,  Cald- 
well  Co.,  Missouri.  A  "vale  of  tears"  it  certainly  was  at  that 
time,  for  his  people  at  least.  His  father,  Hyrum,  and  his 
uncle,  Joseph,  with  other  prominent  men  in  the  Church,  had 
been  and  were  undergoing  a  siege  of  persecutions  and  priva- 
tions, the  shifting  scenes  in  the  awful  drama  being  merely  so 
many  changes  from  bad  things  to  worse  ones,  the  climax  being 
reached  on  the  27th  of  June,  1844,  when  both  men  were  assas- 
sinated by  a  mob  while  they  were  in  jail  on  trumped-up 
charges  and  under  the  "protection"  of  the  law.  When  it  is 
considered  that  the  present  leader's  advent  was  under  such  a 
terrible  stress  of  circumstances,  that  his  early  tjoyhood  was 
spent  amid  scenes  always  threatening,  sometimes  harrowing 
and  not  infrequently  tragic;  that  the  blaze  of  the  roof  tree 
often  shed  its  lurid  glare  upon  the  naked  feet,  the  bare  heads 
and  the  shivering  limbs  of  the  despoiled  people;  that  no  place 
was  a  real  home  and  no  retreat  a  safe  one;  that  forced 
marches  with  the  attendants  of  hunger,  manifold  discomforts, 
dangers,  sorrows,  sickness  and  death  were  frequent;  that 
few  human  voices  were  ever  sounded  and  fewer  arms  ever 
raised  in  their  behalf;  that  the  terms  "land  of  liberty"  and 
"home  of  law"  had  become  to  them  hollow,  meaningless 


362  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

mockeries;  that  whichever  way  they  turned,  wherever  they 
set  their  feet,  .they  were  met  by  cold  disdain,  pitiless  indiffer- 
ence or — worst  of  all — hypocritical  professions  of  sympathy 
and  sorrow;  when  all  these  things  are  considered,  would  not  a 
just  and  impartial  person  given  to  forming  conclusions  from 
the  evidence — of  reasoning  from  cause  to  effect — be  apt  to 
conclude  that  President  Smith  was  so  embittered  with  rancor- 
ous recollections  and  saturated  with  resentment  that  he  could 

not  extend  even  pas- 
sive friendliness  to  or 
have  any  manner  of 
association  with  those 
who  were  not  with 

and  of   him  ?       No 

•  'of,-  - 

doubt;  and  as  well 
grounded  as  such 
conclusion  would  be, 

EIGHT   YEARS   OF   AGE,   DRIVING  *    W°Uld    StU1    be  VeiT 

HIS    MOTHER'S  TEAM.  wide    °f    the   mark    'in~ 

deed.      Undoubtedly 

the  memories  associated  with  the  hounded  and  homeless  out- 
casts of  Missouri  and  Illinois  are  ineradicable  and  have  no 
even  been  dimmed  by  the  lapse  of  time;  but  there  is  no  more* 
affable,  approachable,  tolerant,  compassionate  man  occupying 
a  part  of  the  Lord's  footstool  than  Joseph  F.  Smith;  at  the 
same  time  there  is  none  that  is  more  determinedly  opposed  to 
sin  and  vice  In  whatever  form  they  may  appear,  none  that 
has  less  tolerance  for  crime  and  iniquity.  He  believes  in 
literally  carrying  out  the  injunction  to  render  unto  Caesar  the 
things  that  are  Caesar's  and  unto  God  the  things  that  are 
God's. 

The  head  of  the  Church,  even  secularly  considered,  is 
the  right  man  in  the  right  place.  He  has  great  administra- 
tive capacity,  is  a  natural  organizer,  knows  when  things  and 
persons  are  in  the  right  as  well  as  in  the  wrong  places,  has 
the  faculty  of  order  well  developed,  is  invested  with  that 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS. 


363 


degree  of  endurance  and  pertinacity  which  characterize  great 
soldiers,  and,  believing  that  measures  are  either  right  or 
wrong,  is  a  slow  hand  at  making  compromises.  He  is  system- 
atic and  thorough-going;  a  proposition,  for  example,  involving 
a  dozen  factors,  would  be  as  incomplete  if  but  one  were  miss- 
ing as  though  but  one  were  present.  Being  a  believer  and 
practicer  in  the  upbuilding  of  home  enterprises,  the  encourage- 
ment of  home  talent  and  the  development  of  home  resources, 
he  inclines  somewhat  to  the  protective  feature  of  national 
economy,  which,  with  a  belief  drilled  into 
him  by  bitter  experience  that  the  national 
Government  possesses  and  ought  to  exer- 
cise the  inherent  right  to  protect  its  citizens 
whether  buttressed  by  State  lines  or  under 
the  flag  of  a  foreign  land,  causes  him  to  look 
with  undisguised  favor  upon  the  Repub- 
lican phase  of  Federal  politics;  still,  he  is 
not  a  bigot  in  this  respect  or  otherwise,  and 
has  no  dislike  for  Democrats  or  other  parti- 
sans because  they  are  such. 

The  dauntless  character  and  great 
self-reliance  of  Joseph  F.  Smith  mani- 
fested themselves  at  an  early  age.  When 
the  exodus  of  the  Saints  took  place  he 
drove  his  widowed  mother's  ox  team  to 
the  Missouri  river,  a  distance  of  over  300  miles;  this 
feat  would  not  have  been  so  remarkable  but  for  the  fact 
that  he  was  but  eight  years  of  age  and  thereby  no  doubt 
the  youngest  teamster  that  ever  engaged  in  the  business. 
At  Florence,  Nebraska,  and  after  his  arrival  in  Utah  he 
herded  stock  and  thereby  helped  the  family  along.  At  the 
age  of  fifteen  he  went  on  a  mission  to  the  Hawaiian  islands, 
working  hard  in  California  for  the  means  to  pay  his  passage, 
and  discharged  the  duties  of  his  calling  like  a  full-grown 
man.  He^  has  since  been  on  several  other  missions. 
In  many  places  and  at  divers  times  (especially  in  crossing 


FIFTEEN   YEARS 

OLD,   OFF   ON   A 

MISSION  TO   A 

FOREIGN   LAND. 


364  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

the  plains)  he  was  placed  in  perilous  positions,  but  always 
escaped  unharmed.  As  a  man  he  has  shown  the  developed 
and  more  comprehensive  characteristics  of  the  boy.  He  has 
always  been  a  worker;  has  held  many  public  stations  of  honor 
and  trust,  though  very  few  of  profit,  and  been  invariably  able 
and  faithful  in  al).  As  would  reasonably  be  supposed,  his 
schooling  was  very  meagre,  but  he  is  a  great  reader  and  has 
the  quality  of  assimilating  what  he  reads,  so  that  his  mind  is 
well  stored  with  the  best  there  is  to  be  had.  As  a  speaker 
he  is  fluent,  forceful  and  impressive,  talking  to,  not  around, 
his  subject  and  never  leaving  the  listener  in  any  doubt  as  to 
his  meaning  or  his  earnestness.  He  became  an  Apostle  in 
1866  and  one  of  seven  counselors  to  President  Young;  after 
his  death  was  chosen  second  counselor  to  President  John  Tay- 
lor, occupying  the  same  position  with  every  subsequent  Pre- 
sident up  to  himself,  becoming  such  on  November  10,  1901. 

In  appearance  President  Smith  is  tall  and  sinewy.  His  hair 
is  quite  luxuriant  and  his  beard  is  untrimmed;  both  were,  till  of 
recent  years,  somewhat  dark,  but  now  show  so  many  silver 
threads  that  it  is  difficult  to  say  which  shade  predominates. 
He  walks  with  a  firm,  regular  step  and  is  doubtless  set  down 
for  a  green  old  age. 

It  is  not  pretended  that  this  imperfect  sketch  contains  all 
there  is  of  interest  in  the  life  of  President  Smith;  this  could 
not  be  done  without  devoting  the  whole  volume  to  it. 


COUNSELOR  JOHN  R.  WINDER. 

[Portrait  on  page  27.] 

PRESIDENT  SMITH'S  first  counselor  formerly  occupied  the 
position  of  second  counselor  to  the  Presiding  Bishop,  W.  B. 
Preston,  but  upon  the  former's  accession  to  the  Presidency  he 
chose  the  subject  of  this  sketch  and  Apostle  A.  H.  Lund  as 
his  first  and  second  counselors,  respectively. 

John    Rex  Winder   is  a  native  of  England,  having  been 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS.  365 

born  at  Biddenden,  Kent  county,  on  December  n,  1821. 
With  an  education  far  from  complete,  but  amply  supplemented 
with  good  sense  and  practical  judgment,  he  made  his  way  to 
the  commercial  centre  of  the  universe, London,  when  just  out  of 
his  teens  and  obtained  employment  in  a  shoe  store;  he  became, 
a  benedict  in  1845,  the  bride  being  Miss  Ellen  Walters.  Some 
two  years  later  he  removed  to  Liverpool  and  after  being  there 
about  a  year  he  heard  by  chance  of  the  Mormon  Church  and 
at  once  began  investigating.  He  was  not  long  in  finding  his 
way  to  where  the  Liverpool  branch  held  services;  becoming 
interested  he  went  from  one  stage  of  conviction  to  another,  and 
was  finally  baptized  on  September  20,  1848.  With  his  wife 
and  three  living  children  he  emigrated  to  Utah,  having  a  hard 
trip  on  shipboard  with  smallpox  and  none  too  good  an  expe- 
rience at  any  stage  of  his  journeyings.  Arriving  here  in 
October,  1853,  he  engaged  in  the  business  of  harness  and  shoe- 
making,  at  which  he  was  quite  successful,  but  the  perturbed 
state  of  things  precipitated  by  the  coming  ot  Johnston's  army 
put  a  quietus  on  the  business  for  the  time  being,  but  it  was 
taken  up  again  under  improved  circumstances  later  on .  In 
the  interim  he  became  a  military  man — not  one  of  the  carpet 
warriors,  but  a  real  fighter,  and  saw  a  great  deal  of  hard,  ac- 
tive service  against  both  palefaces  and  redskins.  With  the 
succeeding  growth  of  his  business  he  expanded  into  stock 
raising,  at  which  he  has  been  one  ot  the  most  successful  men 
in  the  whole  Western  country,  his  beautiful  residence,  Poplar 
Farm,  just  south  of  the  city,  showing  some  fine  specimens.  He 
was  assessor  and  collector  of  Salt  Lake  City  for  fourteen  years, 
during  which  time  he  served  three  terms  in  the  City  Council; 
also  was  a  member  of  two  constitutional  conventions,  gauger 
in  the  U.  S.  Internal  Revenue  Department,  chairman  of  the 
Territorial  and  County  committee  of  the  People's  party,  a  di- 
rector and  president  of  the  D.  A.  &  M.  Society,  director  in 
two  sugar  companies,  president  of  the  Deseret  Investment  Co., 
director  of  Z.  C.  M.  I.,  Deseret  National  Bank  and  Deseret 
Savings  Bank,  vice-president  and  director  of  the  Union  Light 


366  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

and  Power  Co.  and  vice-president  of  the  Pioneer  Electric  Co. 
For  years  he  has  been  conspicuous  and  active  in  Temple  work 
and  held  other  Church  positions  than  those  herein  set  out. 

The  foregoing  gives  something  of  an  idea  of  what  an  in- 
dustrious, enterprising,  progressive  citizen  Col.  Winder  is.  but 
nothing  on  paper  can  fairly  present  his  characteristics  as  a 
humanitarian  and  Christian.  As  zealous  in  his  faith  as  any, 
he  is  broad,  tolerant,  forbearing  and  ever  ready  with  an  en- 
couraging word  and  a  helping  hand  for  the  deserving  unfor- 
tunate in  any  walk  of  life.  The  old-fashioned  type  of  honesty 
which  rigidly  excludes  all  consideration  of  policy,  opportunity 
and  advertising,  but  includes  the  prompt  adjustment  of  all  obli- 
gations and  recognition  of  sterling  merit  however  obscure  or 
handicapped,  is  his  in  abundance.  His  promise  is  a  gilt-edged 
bond,  his  word  a  pledge  of  honor  which  is  never  forfeited  to 
friend  or  foe. 


COUNSELOR    ANTHON  H.  LUND. 

[Portrait  on  page  27.]. 

ALMOST  cotemporaneous  with  the  murder  of  Joseph  and 
Hyrum  Smith  was  the  first  appearance  on  this  stage  of  action 
of  the  present  second  counselor  in  the  Presidency  of  the 
Church.  Anthon  H.  Lund.  Although  many  thousand  miles 
and  a  great  ocean  intervened  between  those  events,  the  work 
which  the  two  died  for  was  to  find  one  of  its  most  stalwart, 
determined  and  intelligent  supporters  in  the  developed  child 
whose  presence  amid  the  sorrows  and  joys,  the  trials  and  tri- 
umphs of  life  was  for  many  years  unheralded  and  unknown 
beyond  his  immediate  vicinity.  The  date  of  birth  was  May 
15,  1844;  the  place,  Aalborg,  Denmark.  His  studies  began 
at  the  extremely  early  age  of  four  years,  the  progress  made 
was  very  rapid  and  he  entered  the  public  schools  when  only 
seven.  He  studied  languages  along  with  his  regular  routine 
and  his  aptness  in  acquiring  foreign  tongues  was  even  then 
shown  to  be  remarkable;  this  continued  with  him  and  he  is 


MORMON  CHURCH  OPP1C1ALS.  367 

today  able  to  read  and  understand  at  least  half  a  dozen  stan- 
dard languages.  He  had  a  fondness  for  Bible  reading 
which  was  by  no  means  repressed,  and  this  with  the  spiritual 
characteristics  of  his  nature  made  his  acceptance  of  the  faith 
of  the  Latter-day  Saints,  a  matter  of  course  so  soon  as  he  was 
brought  in  contact  with  it,  this  occurring  May  15,  185^,  when 
twelve  years  of  age.  He  began  preaching  the  next  year, 
being  thus  one  of  the  youngest  ministers  of  the  Gospel  that 
ever  went  afield,  if  not  the  very  youngest.  After  laboring 
thus  for  five  years  he  forsook  his  native  land  and  came  to 
Utah,  settling  in  Sanpete  county,  where  he  engaged  in  numer- 
ous useful  pursuits.  He  has  been  on  some  important  missions, 
two  to  Scandinavia,  one  to  Palestine  and  one  to  Europe,  over 
which  field  he  presided.  Three  years  after  the  completion  of 
the  Manti  Temple  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  it.  He  became 
an  Apostle  in  October,  1889,  and  upon  the  accession  of  Jos- 
eph F.  Smith  to  the  Presidency  Elder  Lund  was  chosen  as 
second  counselor. 

This  worthy  representative  of  a  historic  and  once  power- 
ful race,  while  one  of  the  most  thoroughgoing  and  best  in- 
formed men  of  his  time,  is  so  approachable  in  person,  so  un- 
affected in  demeanor  and  so  utterly  devoid  of  self-assertion 
or  exclusiveness  in  his  manner,  that  to  know  him  is  to  respect 
him.  In  his  presentation  of  Gospel  principles,  while  as  earnest 
and  uncompromising  as  any,  there  is  no  vehemence,  no  bois- 
terousness,  no  artifice;  just  plain,  unequivocal  presentations 
which  must  carry  conviction  where  conviction  can  be  had  and 
at  least  impress  the  listener  with  the  man's  unquestionable 
sincerity  and  absolute  freedom  from  doubt.  Like  his  associ- 
ates he  is  honest,  straightforward  and  has  no  enemies  but  such 
as  upright  men  can  afford  Jo  have. 


APOSTLE  F.  M.  LYMAN.    . 

SINCE    1880  Francis  Marion  Lyman  has  been  a  member 
of   the  council  of  Twelve  Apostles.     He  is  the  eldest  son  of 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Amasa  M.  Lyman  and  Louisa  Maria  Tanner  and  was  ushered 
into  the  vicissitudes  of  mundane  existence  January  12,  1840, 
in  the  town  of  Goodhope,  McDonough  county,  Illinois.  On 
July  i,  1848,  he  was  baptized  in  the  Elkhorn  river  by  his 
father,  who  also  confirmed  him.  and  during  that  summer,  like 
others  of  his  youthful  companions,  he  drove  a  yoke  of  cattle 
and  wagon  across  the  plains  when  only  eight  years  old.  He 
arrived  with  his  family  in  the  Great  Salt  Lake  valley,  October 

19,  1848,  and  subsequently  was 
given  such  opportunities  for  ed- 
ucation as  the  community  then 
afforded.  When  his  father  lo- 
cated at  San  Bernardino,  Cali- 
fornia, young  Lyman  migrated 
thither,  driving  loose  stock  all 
the  way  from  Utah.  He  re- 
turned to  Salt  Lake,  and  in 
1860  was  sent  on  a  mission  to 
Great  Britain  where  he  re- 
mained for  three  years.  This 
may  be  said  to  have  been  his 
entry  into  active  public  life. 
During  his  long  and  honorable 

career  he  has  rilled  many  important  civic,  legislative  and 
ecclesiastical  positions.  While  absent  on  a  mission  in  South- 
ern Utah,  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  Elder  Lyman  was 
chosen  one  of  the  Twelve  Apostles  at  the  General  Conference, 
October  10,  1880.  His  life  has  been  a  strenuous  one,  but  his 
genial  character,  engaging  personality  and  generous  nature 
has  enshrined  him  in  the  hearts  of  all  his  people.  At  present 
Apostle  Lyman  is  president  of  the,  European  interests  of  the 
Church,  with  headquarters  at  Liverpool,  England,  to  which 
mission  he  was  assigned  in  April,  1901. 


F.    M.    LYMAN. 


APOSTLE  JOHN   HENRY   SMITH 
WAS  born  at  Carbunca,  near  Kanesville  (now  Council  Bluffs), 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIAL*. 


369 


Pottawattamie  county,  Iowa,  September  18,  1848.  The  time 
of  his  advent  was  a  most  grievous  one,  his  parents  with  their 
compatriots  fleeing  from  the  bigotry  and  oppression  of  their 
fellowmen  when  his  birth  occurred.  His  father,  President 
George  A.  Smith,  and  his  mother,  Sarah  Ann  Libby,  came 
to  Utah  October  27,  1849,  but  on  June  12,  1851,  the  boy  was 
left  motherless,  and  was  then  placed  in  charge  of  his  mother's 
sister,  Hannah  Maria,  to  whom  he  owes  much  for  the  training 
which  led  to  the  success  he  has  so  far  attained  in  life.  For 
a  few  years  the  lad  remained  in  Provo  with  his  aunt  and  went 
to  school.  September  18,  1856,  he  was  baptized  and  con- 
firmed a  member  of  the  Church. 
Subsequent  to  this  he  came  to  Salt 
Lake  and  pursued  his  studies  and 
obtained  a  moderately  good  educa- 
tion for  the  times.  When  eighteen 
years  of  age  he  married  Sarah 
Farr,  daughter  of  Lorin  Farr  and 
Nancy  Chase  of  Ogden,  and  then 
moved  to  Provo  where  he  engaged 
for  a  time  as  telegraph  operator. 
In  1857  he  was  chosen  as  coun- 
selor to  Bishop  W.  A.  Follet^  of 
the  Fourth  Ward  and  held  this 
position  until  he  obtained  work  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railway, which 

was  then  being  built.  Thereafter  he  returned  to  Salt  Lake 
and  occupied  positions  in  the  Territorial  Legislature  of  1872 
and  Constitutional  Convention  of  the  same  year.  In  1874  ^e 
was  called  on  a  mission  to  Great  Britain  where  he  remained 
until  ordered  home  to  the  sick-bed  of  his  father,  who  passed 
away  September  i,  1875. 

His  career  since  then  has  been  a  most  active  one,  and  of 
a  diversified  nature.  He  has  traveled  in  many  lands  preaching 
the  gospel  and  has  between  times  occupied  various  municipal. 
Territorial  and  political  offices,  among  which  was  the  presi- 


JOHN    HENRY    SMITH. 


370 


-   UTAH  AS  II  IS. 


dency  of  the  convention  which  formed  the  constitution  under 
which  Utah  was  admitted  to  Statehood.  Since  his  call  to  the 
Apostleship  on  October  27,  1880,  Elder  Smith  has  devoted 
practically  all  of  his  time  to  public  duties  and  has  visited  every 
Stake  in  the  Church.  .  Though  not  a  business  man  in  the 
general  sense  of  the  term,  he  is  capable  and  progressive  and 
is  connected  as  an  officer  and  a  director  with  many  of  the 
leading  institutions  of  the  State.  His  is  a  personality  most 
interesting,  possessing  as  he  does  a  buoyant  nature,  brimful 
of  love  for  his  fellow  men,  magnetic  and  cheerful,  and  as  a 
speaker  he  is  forceful  and  eloquent.  A  large  and  loving  place 
does  John  Henry  Smith  occupy  in  the  hearts  and  affections  of 
his  people. 


APOSTLE  GEORGE  TEASDALE. 

BORN  in  London.  England,  December  8. 1831,  his  parents 
being  William  Russell  Teasdale  and  Harriet  Henrietta  Tidey, 

George  Teasdale  began  life  under 
pleasing  auspices.  He  was  given 
the  best  education  that  the  public 
schools  and  the  London  University 
could  afford  and  being  of  a  most 
thoughtful,  studious  nature,  he 
commenced  his  youthful  career 
well  equipped  tocommand  success. 
After  leaving  school  he  entered 
the  service  of  an  architect  and 
surveyor  but  resigned  this  to  learn 
the  upholstering  business.  While 
working  at  this  trade  he  became 
interested  in  the  principles  taught 

by  the  Latter-day  Saints   and  was  baptized   August  8,   1852. 
Upon  being    ordained    an    Elder  he  devoted   much   time   to 


GEORGE   TEAS2ALE. 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS.  371 

preaching  and  giving  lectures  on  religious  subjects.  While 
doing  this  he  met  Miss  Emily  Emma  Brown,  whom  he  mar- 
ried in  1853. 

From  thenceforward  he  occupied  many  ecclesiastical  po- 
sitions in  Great  Britain,  and  in  1861  was  released  to  come  to 
Utah,  arriving  in  Great  Salt  Lake  valley,  September  27,  1861- 
Since  his  arrival  in  Utah  he  has  held  many  important  stations, 
and  has  filled  numerous  missions  in  this  country  and  in  Europe, 
succeeding  Daniel  H.  Wells  in  the  presidency  of  the  British 
mission  from  February  1887  till  1890,  when  he  returned 
home. 

Most  of  Elder  Teasdale's  life  has  been  devoted  to  ad- 
vancing the  interests  of  the  Church  he  espoused,  and  October 
15,  1882,  he  was  ordained  an  Apostle  by  President  John 
Taylor.  He  is  a  man  of  calm,  even  temperament,  of  deep 
spiritual  nature,  enthusiastic,  in  a  quiet  way,  in  the  dissemi- 
nation of  the  principles  of  the  gospel,  and  is  regarded  as  the 
very  embodiment  of  honor  and  integrity.  He  is  greatly  be- 
loved by  all  his  fellow  religionists  and  is  worthy  of  his  high 
calling. 


APOSTLE  HEBER  J.  GRANT. 

HEBER  JEDDY  GRANT  was  born  in  Salt  Lake  City,  No- 
vember 22,  1856,  his  parents  being  Jedediah  M.  Grant  and 
Rachel  Ridgeway  Ivins.  He  is  the  first  of  Utah's  sons  to 
be  honored  with  the  sacred  office  and  calling  of  an  Apostle. 
When  a  child  he  attended  a  school  taught  by  the  mother  of 
Matthias  F.  Cowley;  another  taught  by  the  mother  of  Hon. 
A.  F.  Doremus;  later  he  was  a  student  in  President  Young's 
school  house  and  subsequently  entered  the  Deseret  (now  Utah) 
University.  Owing  to  ill  health  he  was  unable  to  give  marked 
application  to  his  studies  in  his  early  years,  but  on  reaching 
manhood  he  developed  a  spirit  of  tenacity  and  determination 
to  excel,  and  acquired  much  proficiency  in  various  branches 


372 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


of  business  and  scholastic  education.  He  entered  the  commer- 
cial world  as  a  messenger  boy  in  an  insurance  office,  rising 
step  by  step  by  close  attention  to  duty.  Becoming  later  as- 
sistant cashier  in  Zion's  Savings  Bank,  he  aspired  to  the  pres- 
idency of  such  an  institution  and  became  president  of  the  State 
Bank  of  Utah  at  its  organization  in  1890.  He  has  also  been 
vice-president  of  the  Salt  Lake  Herald  Co.,  a  director  of  the 
Provo  Woolen  Mills  Co.  and  the  Deseret  National  Bank,  a 
director  of  the  Oregon  Lumber  Co.,  and  at  present  is  presi- 
dent of  the  Home  Fire  Insurance  Co.  of  Utah,  the  Salt  Lake 
Theater  Co.,  the  Coop.  Wagon  &  Machine  Co.  and  the  in- 
surance firm  of  Heber  J.  Grant  &  Co.  In  1887  he  was  elected 
a  director  in  Z.  C.  M.  I.  and  subsequently  became  chairman 
of  the  executive  committee  of  that  institution. 

^___ Elder  Grant  is  conceded  to  be  a 

Napoleon  of  finance,  and  has  had 
phenomenal  success  in  filling  finan- 
cial missions  for  the  Church  and 
the  business  institutions  with 
which  he  is  connected.  As  a 
churchman  he  is  equally  promi- 
nent, having  held  the  offices  of 
Elder  and  Seventy  prior  to  his 
ordination  as  a  High  Priest,  in 
October,  1880,  when  he  became 
President  of  the  Tooele  Stake  of 
Zion,  being  ordained  by  President 
John  Tavlor.  He  was  ordained 
an  Apostle  October  16,  1882. 

During  his  early  ecclesiastical  career,  he  performed  missions 
to  the  Yaqui  Indians  of  Mexico;  he  has  also  visited  the  Na- 
vajos,  the  Moquis.  Zuni  and  Pappago  Indians,  and  is  now 
filling  a  mission  in  Japan,  whither  he  was  called  to  open  the 
gospel  door,  leaving  Salt  Lake  City  July  24,  1901.  He 
was  baptized  into  the  Church  June  22,  1864. 

Politically,  Elder  Grant  has  had  some  experience,  having 


HEBKR  J.    GRANT. 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS.  373 

served  one  term  in  the  Council  of  the  Territorial  Legislature 
and  several  terms  in  the  city  council  of  Salt  Lake  City  as 
councilman. 

Personally  he  is  tall  and  erect  in  figure,  with  prominent 
features  which  indicate  energy  and  push.  He  is  naturally 
affectionate,  easily  moved  to  tears  and  quite  emotional,  but 
strong  in  every  characteristic  of  manhood.  He  was  married 
to  Lucy  Stringnam  in  St.  George,  Utah,  November  i,  1877, 
but  death  dissolved  this  happy  union  some  years  ago. 

He  has  suffered  much,  having  borne  many  trials  incident 
to  mortality,  but  is  developing  a  life  of  high  and  noble  ideals; 
a  faithtul  minister  and  earnest  worker  of  the  Church,  beloved 
and  honored  by  all,  and  deriving  supremest  joy  in  his  labors 
as  an  Apostle. 


\POSTLE   JOHN  W.  TAYLOR. 

WHEN  Johnston's  army  was  approaching  Utah  with,  it 
was  believed,  hostile  intent,  the  citizens  of  Salt  Lake  City 
prepared  to  burn  their  homes,  and  then  moved  south.  The 
parents  of  John  Whittaker  Taylor  located  temporarily  in 
Provo,  and  here  the  child  was  born  May  15,  1858.  His  pa- 
rents were  President  John  Taylor  and  Sophia  Whittaker. 
When  the  trouble  which  caused  the  exodus  abated,  the  Tay- 
lor family  returned  to  Salt  Lake  City,  and  here  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  reared  until  he  attained  his  twenty-fifth 
year,  when  he  married  and  removed  to  Cassia  county,  Idaho. 

In  his  boyhood  days,  as  in  later  life,  John  W.  was  in- 
dustrious in  his  habits,  and  is  endowed  with  bodily  health  and 
a  strong,  active  mind.  He  has  worked  on  the  farm  and  in 
his  father's  sawmill,  but  his  opportunities  for  scholastic  train- 
ing were  limited,  his  father  being  somewhat  financially 
embarrassed ;*but  nevertheless  Elder  Taylor  acquired  a  broad- 
gauge  education  outside  of  as  well  as  in  the  schoolroom,  and 


374  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

being  naturally  spiritual-minded,  his  bent  led  him  to  obtain  a 
large  fund  of  religious  knowledge  which  .has  been  part  of  his 
panoply  against  sin  and  unrighteousness.  In  many  respects, 
Elder  Taylor  is  unlike  the  generality  of  mankind,  possessing, 
as  he  does,  a  combination  of  traits  that  is  far  from  common* 
Of  a  deeply  spiritual  nature,  he  yet  discloses  a  vein  of  humor 
that  enables  him  to  make  apt  and  witty  comparisons;  and 
while  his  varying  traits  may  be  regarded  as  peculiarities,  they 
are  nevertheless  evidences  of  moral  strength  and  indepen- 
dence of  character,  as  well  as  orig- 
inality of  thought  and  action. 

Elder  Taylor  is  essentially  a 
churchman,  and  most  of  his  life  has 
been  devoted  to  preaching  the  gos- 
pel. He  has  filled  many  missions 
and  been  the  means  of  converting 
hundreds.  In  the  spring  of  1884 
he  was  chosen  to  fill  a  vacancy  in 
the  quorum  of  the  Twelve  Apos- 
tles, being  ordained  an  Apostle  on 
April  pth  of  that  year  by  his  father, 
who  was  then  President-  of  the 
Church. 

JOHN    W.    TAYLOR.  . 

He  has  labored  successfully  in 

establishing  the  prosperous  colonies  in  Canada,  and  was  until 
recently  president  of  the  mission  which  embraces  Colorado, 
Wyoming,  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 


APOSTLE  M.  W.  MERRILL. 

BORN  September  25,  1832,  in  Sackville,  Westmoreland 
county,  New  Brunswick,  Marriner  Wood  Merrill  is  the  son 
of  Nathan  Merrill  and  Sarah  Ann  Reynolds.  The  latter  was 
a  member  of  the  Church,  having  been  baptized  in  1836,  but 
her  husband  was  not.  The  spiritual  influences  of  his  life  be- 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS. 


375 


gan  early  to  manifest  themselves  in  young  Merrill,  and 
became  prophetic  of  what  his  later  years  would  be.  He 
was  converted  to  his  mother's  faith,  and  was  baptized  into 
the  Church  in  April,  1852,  when  nineteen  years  of  age. 
On  September  5th  of  the  same  year  he  was  ordained  a 
priest.  He  was  one  of  a  company  that  crossed  the  plains 
and  arrived  in  Salt  Lake  City  September  n,  1853.  In  No- 
vember, 1853,  Mr.  Merrill  was  married  to  Sarah  A.  Atkin- 
son, and  immediately  thereafter  went  to  Bingham  canyon, 

where  he  passed  the  winter  making 
shingles.  In  the  spring  of  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  moved  to  Bountiful, 
where  he  continued  shingle  making. 
In  the  spring  of  1860  he  located 
in  Richmond,  Cache  county,  where 
he  established  a  reputation  as  a  most 
indefatigable  and  ceaseless  worker. 
He  was  selected  in  1861  as  the 
second  bishop  in  Richmond,  which 
office  he  filled  for  eighteen  years, 
and  he  also  engaged  as  contractor 
on  the  Utah  Northern  railroad  dur- 
ing its  construction.  In  this  capacity 
he  distributed  among  the  people  for 

work  done  some  $780,000  dollars,  and  this  was  the  begin- 
ning of  his  financial  progress. 

In  1879  Elder  Merrill  was  called  to  act  as  a  counselor  to 
Stake  President  William  B.  Preston,  and  remained  such  for 
ten  years.  In  1884  he  was  counselor  in  the  stake  to 
President  C.  O.  Card,  and  in  the  same  year  was  appointed  to 
the  presidency  of  the  Logan  temple,  with  Apostle  Moses 
Thatcher  and  Elder  N.  C.  Edlefson  as  his  counselors.  In 
1889  he  was  ordained  an  Apostle,  and  in  1899  he  was  ap- 
pointed President  of  the  Cache  Stake  of  Zion. 

During  his  residence  in  Cache  valley,  Elder  Merrill  has 
been  prominent  in  the  civil  affairs  of  the  county  and  State. 


MARRINER   W.    MERRILI,. 


376  VTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

In  1876  and  1878  he  served  two  terms  in  the  Legislature,  and 
for  more  than  ten  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  county 
court.  The  position  of  postmaster  of  Richmond  he  held  for 
twenty  years.  In  1896  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Agricultural  College  board,  which  office  he  held  for  nearly 
four  years,  and  at  present  he  is  a  member  of  the  Brigham 
Young  College  board. 

Elder  Merrill's  life  in  Cache  valley,  and  its  far-reaching 
influence  throughout  northern  Utah  and  southern  Idaho,  has 
for  many  years  made  him  a  leading  character  among  men. 
his  great  farms,  his  beautiful  homes,  his  industrial  enterprises 
in  dairying  and  milling,  all  indicating  a  high  degree  of  thrift 
and  enterprise.  He  is  a  man  of  strong  attachments,  of  per- 
sistent effort  and  indomitable  will,  of  few  words  and  little 
given  to  speculative  philosophy,  but  of  strong,  abiding  faith, 
and  his  life  has  ever  been  characterized  by  the  greatest  earn- 
estness and  sincerity. 


APOSTLE   M.  F.   COWLEY. 

BORN  in  Salt  Lake  City,  August  25,  1858,  Matthias  Foss 
Cowley  is  the  son  of  Matthias  Cowley  and  Elizabeth  Foss. 
This  interesting  event  took  place  immediately  after  the  return 
of  his  parents  from  Springville,  whither  they  had  gone  during 
the  "move."  Some  years  after  his  father's  death,  which 
took  place  in  1864,  ms  mother  married  the  well-known  early 
civil  engineer,  Jesse  W.  Fox,  and  young  Cowley  assisted  him 
in  his  labors  in  the  survey  of  the  Utah  Southern  railway  (since 
a  branch  of  the  Oregon  Short  Line  south  of  Salt  Lake  City) 
for  seven  summers.  In  the  winter  season  he  attended  the 
Deseret  (now  Utah)  University,  his  early  education  being 
received  from  his  mother.  An  inborn  desire  toward  religion 
early  developed  itself  in  young  Cowley,  and  while  in  the 
surveying  field  he  carried  a  Bible,  which  he  frequently  pe- 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS. 


377 


rused,  his  mind  becoming  permeated  with  the  great  principles 
of  life  as  therein  set  forth. 

He  was  baptized  November  i,  1866,  and  in  October, 
1874,  was  ordained  a  Deacon  and  Teacher.  December  28, 
1874,  he  was  ordained  an  Elder,  and  in  April  of  the  following 
year  he  was  chosen  counselor  to  Edwin  W.  Davis  of  the  first 
quorum  of  Elders.  In  February,  1878,  he  was  called  on  a 
mission  to  the  Southern  States.  Prior  to  his  departure  on  a 
second  mission,  Elder  Cowley  was  ordained  a  Seventy  by 
President  Joseph  Young,  and  subsequently  thereto  he  has 
filled  numerous  missions,  traveling  extensively  in  the  interest 

of  the  Church,  and  on  May  21, 
1884,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Abbie  Hyde  in  the  Logan  temple. 
When  President  George  C. 
Parkinson  was  chosen  to  preside 
over  the  Oneida  stake,  Elder 
Cowley  was  made  his  second 
counselor,  and  this  position  he  oc- 
cupied for  ten  years,  until  called 
to  the  apostleship.  He  was  or- 
dained to  this  office  in  1897,  and 
since  then  his  life  has  been  one  of 
great  activity  in  preaching  the 
gospel  throughout  the  earth.  His 
value  as  a  laborer  in  the  cause  he 
espoused  has  become  more  pronounced  as  the  years  roll  by, 
and  his  plain  simplicity,  open-heartedness  and  rich  endow- 
ment of  the  spirit  of  his  calling  have  endeared  him  to  his 
people  everywhere.  Standing  on  the  threshold  of  a  great 
career,  Elder  Cowley  gives  promise  of  the  fulfillment  of  life's 
highest  ideals,  the  spirituality  of  his  nature  developing  in 
grace  and  beauty  and  his  chiefest  aims  being  the  service  of: 
God  and  Jhe  realization  of  the  brotherhood  of  man. 


MATTHIAS  F.   COWI,EY. 


378 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 
APOSTLE  A.   O.  WOODRUFF. 


ABRAHAM  OWEN  WOODRUFF  is  the  son  of  President 
Wilford  Woodruff  and  Emma  Smith,  and  first  saw  the  light 
of  day  November  23,  1872,  the  place  of  his  nativity  being  a 
short  distance  south  of  Salt  Lake  City.  His  education  was 
acquired  in  the  public  schools  and  the  Latter-day  Saints  Col- 
lege, and  when  eighteen  years  of  age  he  was  placed  in  a 

bank,  where  he  served  first  as 
a  collector  and  next  as  assist- 
ant bookkeeper. 

In  1893  he  was  called  to  the 
Swiss  and  German  mission,  but 
in  1896  he  returned  to  his  native 
city,  &nd  resumed  his  work  in 
the  bank.  On  June  3Oth  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Helen 
May  Winters.  During  Octo- 
ber conference,  1896,  he  was 
called  to  the  apostles  hip.  and 
on  October  7th  was  ordained  to 
that  office  by  his  father.  Since 
his  appointment,  Elder  Woodruff  has  been  most  diligent  in 
the  high  office  of  his  calling.  One  of  his  special  and  success- 
ful labors  being  the  colonization  of  the  Big  Horn  country. 

Scrupulous  honesty,  simplicity,  implicit  faith  in  God, 
industry  and  a  total  absence  of  ostentation  are  the  en- 
dowments which  Apostle  Woodruff  possesses  in  marked 
degree,  and  being  humble  and  companionable  he  is  in  close 
touch  with  the  people,  enjoying  their  love,  confidence  and 
esteem.  He  is  just  past  the  threshold  of  manhood,  his  career 
has  but  commenced,  and  the  skies  are  blue  and  the  sun  shines 
o'er  his  pathway  with  the  promise  of  a  glorious  future  in  "the 
chosen  work,  and  that  his  course  will  be  guided  by  true 
principle  and  noble  purpose  -is  unequivocally  assured. 


A.    O.    WOODRUFF. 


MORMON  CHURCH  OM1C1ALS.  379 

APOSTLE  RUDGER  CLAWSON. 

[Portrait  on  page  95.] 

THE  subject  of  this  sketch  was  ushered  into  this  life 
March  i,  1857,  in  Salt  Lake  City,  his  parents  being  Hiram 
B.  Clawson  and  Margaret  Gay  Judd.  He  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  after  leaving  school  he 
became  private  secretary  to  John  W.  Young,  then  presi- 
dent of  the  Utah  Western  Railway  company.  In  1879 
the  young  man  was  called  on  a  mission  to  the  Southern 
States,  and  it  was  while  laboring  in  Georgia  that  his  friend 
and  companion  missionary,  Elder  Joseph  Standing,  was  shot 
down  by  a  brutal  mob.  In  December,  1887,  Elder  Clawson 
was  called  upon  to  preside  over  the  Box  Elder  Stake  of  Zion, 
and  he  at  once  moved  thither  and  entered  upon  the  discharge 
of  his  duties.  During  his  presidency  new  meeting  houses 
were  erected  in  eleven  of  the  fourteen  wards  of  the  stake, 
and  a  new  tabernacle  replaced  the  old  one  previously  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  this  great  task  being  accomplished  in  only 
thirteen  months,  the  building  being  fully  paid  for  and  dedicated 
within  that  time. 

President  Clawson  was  called  to  the  apostleship  at  the 
general  conference  held  in  October,  1898,  and  on  the  loth  of 
the  month  was  ordained  by  President  Lorenzo  Snow.  Since 
that  time  he  has  been  occupied  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties 
of  his  calling,  organizing,  instructing  and  in  office  work  for 
the  Church.  Whatever  of  success  he  has  so  far  attained  in 
life  he  attributes  to  his  determination  to  be  guided  by  the 
counsel  of  his  brethren,  and  to  always  do  the  right  as  God 
gives  him  to  see  it,  let  the  consequence  follow,  whatever  it  be. 


APOSTLE  REED  SMOOT. 

[Portrait  on  page  151.  | 

THE  son  of  Abraham  O.  Smoot  and  Anna  Kirstine  Mou- 
iritsen,  Reed  Smoot  was  born  January  10,  1862,  in  Salt  Lake 


380  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

City.  He  obtained  his  early  training  in  private  schools  in  his 
native  city,  but  in  1872  his  father  moved  to  Provo,  and  here 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  has  resided  ever  since.  He  was 
baptized  at  eight  years  of  age  in  the  Endowment  House 
in  Salt  Lake  City,  and  was  ordained  a  Deacon  July  15,  1877. 
in  1879  he  was  made  a  Priest,  and  in  April,  1880,  an 
Elder.  Four  years  later  he  was  ordained  a  Seventy,  and  in 
189^  was  ordained  a  High  Priest,  At  the  same  time  he  was 
appointed  as  second  counselor  to  President  Edward  Part- 
ridge, of  the  Utah  stake.  Elder  Smoot  continued  to  serve  as 
one  of  the  presidency  of  that  stake  until  called  to  the  apostle- 
ship,  April  8,  1900.  He  was  ordained  by  President  Lorenzo 
Snow  the  day  following. 

In  the  business  world,  Elder  Smoot  has  made  a  phenom- 
enal record.  After  leaving  the  Brigham  Young  Academy, 
where  he  passed  through  all  the  higher  branches  then  taught 
there,  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Provo  Woolen  Mills, 
working  successively  in  every  department  of  the  factory. 
Upon  entering  the  mills  he  formed  the  characteristic  resolve 
to  become  their  manager,  and  this  ambition  was  realized 
eleven  years  later.  He  also  occupied  an  humble  position  in 
the  Provo  Co-operative  Institution,  beginning  at  the  foot  of 
the  ladder;  but  his  energy  and  faithfulness  were  rewarded 
with  the  superintendency,  a  position  which  less  than  eighteen 
months  before  he  had  resolutely  set  out  to  win.  He  re- 
mained in  the  superintendency  nearly  four  years,  and  in 
April,  1884,  was  made  manager  of  the  Woolen  Mills. 

In  1890  he  filled  a  mission  to  Europe,  and  while  he  had 
previously  visited  nearly  every  State  in  the  Union  on  business 
bent,  this  was  his  first  extended  absence  from  home.  Prior 
to  going  on  this  mission  he  had  become  totally  absorbed  in 
commercial  affairs  and  was  fast  becoming  a  man  of  means 
and  financial  influence  in  the  community.  After  his  return 
from  England.  October  i,  1891,  he  launched  out  in  business 
more  extensively  than  ever.  He  resumed  his  former  position 
as  manager  of  the  Provo  Woolen  Mills,  and  for  a  short  time 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS.  381 

assisted  his  father  as  manager  of  the  Provo  Lumber,  Manu- 
facturing and  Building  company.  He  was  the  main  promoter 
of  the  Provo  Commercial  and  Savings  bank,  and  has  been 
from  the  first  its  president.  He  also  engaged  considerably  in 
mining,  and  was  made  vice-president  of  the  Grand  Central 
Mining  company,  also  of  the  Victoria  Mining  company.  He 
erected  a  number  of  business  blocks,  and  became  a  director 
in  the  Clark-Eldredge  company  of  Salt  Lake  City  as  well  as 
in  other  important  concerns. 

Apostle  Smoot  is  tall,  well  built,  and  more  than  usually 
energetic  in  all  his  actions.  He  is  broad-minded,  charitable 
by  nature,  although  unostentatious,  the  soul  of  punctuality, 
courteous  and  candid,  and  his  genius  is  practical  and  progres- 
sive. In  January,  1903,  at  the  second  Tuesday's  session  of 
the  Legislature,  he  was  elected  to  the  proud  position  of 
United  States  Senator  on  the  first  ballot,  and  will  undoubtedly 
make  a  name  and  fame  for  himself  in  national  life  akin  to 
the  success  he  has  so  notably  achieved  in  the  business 
world. 


APOSTLE  H.  M.  SMITH. 

HYRUM  MACK  SMITH  is  the  eldest  son  of  President  Joseph 
F.  Smith  and  Edna  Lambson,  and  was  born  in  Salt  Lake  City 
March  21,  1872.  He  was  carefully  and  lovingly  trained  and 
nurtured  in  his  youth  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  later  attending  the  Latter-day  Saints  College 
from  which  he  graduated  in  June,  1894.  On  November 
15,  1895,  he  married  Miss  Ida  Bowman  of  Ogden  and  on 
the  evening  of  the  next  day  he  departed  on  a  mission  to  Great 
Britain. 

Upon   arriving  home  in  April,  1898,  he  was  set  apart  as 


382 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


a  home  missionary  and  also  acted  as  assistant  teacher  and  cor- 
responding secretary  of  the  24th  quorum  of  Seventy.  He 

was  employed  at  Z.  C.  M. 
I.,  where  he  remained  until 
October  30,  1901.  When 
the  Salt  Lake  Stake  was 
divided  he  became  a  resident 
of  Granite  Stake  and  occu- 
pied various  positions  therein. 
He  was  called  to  the  apos- 
tleship  October  24,  1901, 
and  was  ordained  by  his 
father  the  same  day. 

Hyrum  M.  Smith  is  in  al 
respects  a  model  young  man, 
never  having  tasted  tea,  cof- 
fee, tobacco  nor  intoxicating 
drinks  of  any  kind ;  has  never 
taken  the  name  of  God  in 
H.  M.  SMITH.  vajn  nor  befouled  his  mouth 

with  profanity;  and  is  ever  found  working  diligently  and 
earnestly  for  the  success  of  the  great  work  in  which  he  is 
engaged.  He  honors  and  loves  his  parents  next  to  his 
Maker,  and  is  esteemed  and  loved  in  return  by  a  host  of  hi& 
fellow  men. 


JOHN   SMITH,  PATRIARCH. 

THE  sixth  presiding  Patriarch  of  the  Chureh  bears  the  by 
no  means  unfamiliar  name  of  John  Smith,  and  he  is  so  plain 
and  easy-going  in  his  way  that  the  name  seems  to  fit  exactly.. 
He  was  born  in  the  historic  town  of  Kirtland,  Ohio,  on  Sep- 
tember 22,  1832,  and  was  one  of  a  family  of  six  children.  In 
1838  he  accompanied  his  father,  the  Prophet's  brother  Hyrum, 
to  another  historic  place — Far  West,  Missouri — the  persecu- 
tions at  which  were  fully  shared  in  by  the  family  and  resulted 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS. 


383 


finally  in  their  being  driven  out  of  the  State.    Early  in  1839 
they   landed  at  Quincy,  Illinois,  moving  to  the  site  of  Nauvoo 
soon   after.     Their  story  from  that  time  on  was  that  of  many 
others  and  is  an  oft-told  tale,  but  no  amount  of  repetition  can 
ever   diminish   its  awfulness.     In  February,    1847,  John  pro- 
ceeded ahead  of   the  family  along  with    Heber  C.  Kimball,, 
and  his  experiences   on   that 
trip  were    many,  varied  and 
trying.       In    September,   at 
Winter     Quarters,    learning 
that  the  family  were  on  the 
way  he  turned  back  and  met 
them,  and   returning  to  that 
place  they  stayed    two  win- 
ters, John  building  a  house, 
tilling  the   soil   and   making 
himself  thoroughly  useful  all 
the  time.      In   the  spring  of 
1848  the   family  pulled  out 
for  Salt  Lake  vallty,  reach- 
ing   it     on     September    23, 
after  a  series    of   hardships 
such    as    none    of    those    of 
the  present  day   can  appre- 
ciate even  when  told  of  them. 
John's  missionary  and  plains-crossing   work   after  that  would 
make  an  interesting  book  by  themselves.       Of  late  years   he 
has  given  most  of  his  attention  to  his  duties  as  Patriarch,  and 
it  is  worthy   of  note  that   in   this  calling   he  has  pronounced 
blessings  upon  some  16,000  people.      He  is   something  of  a 
farmer,   a  man  of  affairs  and  a  good  citizen  all  through. 


JOHN  SMITH. 


BISHOP  WM.  B.  PRESTON. 

[Portrait  on  page  29.] 
THE  full  name  of  the  fourth  presiding  Bishop  of  the  Church 


384  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

is  William  Bowker  Preston.  He  is  a  native  of  the  proud  Old 
Dominion  State,  having  first  beheld  the  light  of  day  in  Franklin 
county  on  November  24,  1830.  His  is  a  thoroughly  historic 
name,  being  traceable  back  to  the  Scottish  kings  of  a  thousand 
years  ago,  the  line  embracing  many  distinguished  names.  His 
earliest  recollections  are  associated  with  the  farm,  and  these 
have  presumably  been  of  much  use  to  him  in  his  wide  and 
varied  experiences  in  Utah.  At  nineteen  he  became  clerk  in 
a  store  and  followed  this  calling  till  1852,  when  he  left  home 
and  drifted  with  the  tide  which  was  then  sweeping  onward  to 
the  golden  shores  of  California,  reaching  which  and  declining 
to  yield  to  the  prevailing  fever  he  obeyed  the  promptings  of 
his  earlier  associations  by  settling  down  to  farming  and  stock 
raising  in  Yolo  county.  He  had  as  neighbors  the  Thatcher 
family,  through  whom  he  learned  of  Mormonism  and  was  soon 
converted,  being  baptized  in  February,  1857.  Along  with  the 
others  he  came  to  Utah  in  response  to  the  call  of  President 
Young  because  of  the  approach  of  Johnston's  army.  On 
February  24,  1858,  soon  after  his  arrival,  Mr.  Preston  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Harriet  A.  Thatcher.  In  the  trying 
times  following  he  became  a  veritable  sentinel  on  the  border, 
taking  up  v.  ith  the  duties  and  labors  of  the  plainsman  as 
readily  as  though  to  the  manner  born.  Freighting,  merchan- 
dising and  pioneering  were  the  prevailing  features  of  his  career, 
On  November  14,  1859,  he  was  ordained  Bishop  of  Logan, 
of  which  place  he  had  been  one  of  the  founders.  He  en- 
gaged in  many  useful  enterprises,  among  them  railroad  build- 
ing, and  was  always  to  the  fore  in  matters  looking  to  the  wel- 
fare and  advancement  of  the  people.  He  served  several  terms 
in  the  Territorial  Legislature,  was  presiding  Bishop  of  the 
county  and  then  President  of  the  Stake,  and  soon  after  the 
death  of  Bishop  Edward  Hunter,  on  October  16,  1883,  Presi- 
dent Preston  was  called  to  the  office  which  he  now  holds,  the 
date  of  appointment  being  April  6,  1884. 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS.  385 

BISHOP  R.  T.  BURTON. 

[Portrait  on  page  29.] 

THE  subject  of  this  sketch  is  much  more  widely  known 
than  in  the  connection  in  which  he  is  here  presented,  which 
implies  peace  and  fraternity  in  their  fullest  estate.  He  exem- 
plifies these  in  the  best  possible  measure,  but  he  has  been  a 
good  deal  of  a  fighter,  and  if  the  occasion  arose  would  un- 
doubtedly be  one  yet,  notwithstanding  his  somewhat  advanced 
years. 

Robert  Taylor  Burton  was  born  at  Amersburg,  Canada 
West,  Oct.  25,  1821.  The  family  from  which  he  came  was 
.a  numerous  one,  there  being  thirteen  children  besides  him- 
self. In  1837  he  first  heard  Mtfrmonism  preached  and  showed 
his  friendship  for  its  messengers  at  that  early  age,  being  bap- 
tized into  the  Church  the  following  year,  the  family  having 
preceded  him.  They  left  for  the  headquarters  of  the  Saints 
soon  after  and  remained  in  Walnut  Grove,  111.,  for  two  years, 
removing  thence  to  Nauvoo.  They  participated  in  the 
awful  experiences  of  their  people,  and  Robert  T.  with  his 
young  wife  crossed  ihe  Mississippi  river  on  the  ice  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1846,  camping  in  snow  eighteen  inches  deep  and  the 
temperature  below  zero.  What  a  delightful  honeymoon! 
Finally  they  reached  the  Missouri  river  about  the  middle  of 
June,  where  the  aged  mother  died  from  the  exposures  of  the 
trip.  Finally  they  got  together  in  the  main  emigration 
movement,  arriving  in  Salt  Lake  valley  atter  innumerable 
hardships  in  September,  1848. 

Early  in  1850  the  military  company  to  which  he  belonged 
had  to  take  the  field  to  protect  the  Utah  County  settlers 
against  the  ravages  of  the  redskins,  and  here  young  Burton 
showed  military  genius  of  a  high  order  and  such  native  cour- 
age as  is  not  often  met  with.  The  campaign  was  decidedly 
successful.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he  was  in  the  field 
,against  the  Shoshones  of  the  north  country,  in  November 
•was  again  after  the  Utah  County  marauders  and  in  December 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

participated  in  a  very  trying  campaign  against  the  savages  in 
Tooele  County.  In  June.  1851,  he  fought  them  to  a  finish 
on  the  western  desert  and  soon  after  headed  an  expedition 
in  aid  of  District  Court  process  to  Green  River.  He  took  a 
large  part  in  the  operations  against  the  army  under  A.  S, 
Johnston,  a  detailed  account  of  which  would  make  a  long 
story,  and  would  not  then  be  complete  without  the  addition 
of  several  more  expeditions  and  achievements  each  demand- 
ing more  space  than  can  here  be  given  it.  He  was  arrested 
during  the  earlier  part  of  the  "period  of  friction,"  to  which 
abundant  space  is  elsewhere  devoted  in  these  pages,  on  the 
charge  of  murder  for  executing  the  process  of  a  Federal 
court  and  to  that  court's  satisfaction,  but  was  honorably 
acquitted  by  a  jury  composed  equally  of  Mormons  and 
Gentiles.  In  1868  he  received  a  commission  as  major-general 
at  the  hands  of  Governor  Durkel,  having  reached  it  through 
the  process  of  regular  promotion,  his  upward  progress  having 
embraced  every  subsidiary  rank.  He  has  also  held  a  great 
number  of  Church  and  civil  positions  and  was  appointed 
counselor  to  Bishop  Edward  Hunter  in  1875  anc^  *°  ms  present 
one  of  first  counselor  to  Bishop  Preston  on  ]uly  31,  1884, 
He  has  always  brought  to  his  positions  the  great  qualities- 
of  efficiency  and  thoroughness  and  has  made  a  name  and  fame 
which  cannot  be  effaced. 


BISHOP  O.  P.  MILLER. 

[Portrait  on  page  29.] 

ORRIN  PORTER  MILLER,  second  counselor  to  Bishop 
W.  B.  Preston,  is  a  native  son  of  Utah,  his  birthplace  being 
Mill  Creek,  Salt  Lake  County,  the  date  of  arrival  Sep.  n, 
1858.  He  was  baptized  in  his  ninth  year  and  advanced 
rapidly  in  Church  positions.  In  1881  he  was  married  to 
Elizabeth  M.  Morgan.  His  positions  of  honor  and  trust, 
civilly  and  ecclesiastically,  would  make  a  very  long  essay, 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS.  38T 

and  in  each  and  every  one  he  proved  so  efficient  and  faithful 
that  promotion  was  a  natural  result.  When  Salt  Lake  Stake 
of  Zion  was  divided  and  Jordan  Stake  organized  out  of  the 
southern  part,  he  was  called  from  the  Riverton  Bishopric  to 
preside,  atid  the  call  from  this  station  to  his  present  one  was 
on  October  24,  1901. 

Mr.  Miller  is  one  of  our  most  popular  citizens,  his  friends 
being  numerous  and  representative  of  people  of  all  shades 
of  opinion,  religious  and  political.  As  a  churchman  he  is 
sincere  and  thorough;  in  business  he  is  efficient  and  straight- 
forward; and  in  every  walk  of  life  he  is  without  reproach.  In 
appearance  he  is  tall  and  commanding  and  in  deportment  is- 
affable  and  genteel  under  all  circumstances. 


ANDREW  JENSON,  HISTORIAN.* 

MR.  JENSON  is  a  native  ot  Denmark,  having  been  born 
in  Forsley  parish,  Hjorring  amt,  on  Dec.  n,  1850.  He  re- 
ceived as  good  an  education  as  the  common  schools  of  his 
neighborhood  admitted  of,  and  begun  his  business  career  at 
the  early  age  of  fourteen,  earning  enough  to  pay  his  way  to 
the  United  States,  for  which  he  set  sail  in  May,  1866;  he 
landed  at  Nebraska  and  soon  thereafter  crossed  the  plains  to 
Utah,  settling  at  Pleasant  Grove,  where  he  lived  for  sixteen 
years.  He  worked  hard  at  farming  and  other  laborious  pur- 
suits, putting  in  his  spare  time  reading  and  going  to  school; 
his  experiences  from  that  time  along  have  been  varied  and 
trying,  but  educational  in  a  practical  way  to  a  marked  extent. 
Having  been  baptized  into  the  Church  when  but  nine  years 
old,  he  was  ordained  an  Elder  on  April  10,  1873,  and  a 
Seventy  in  May  following.  After  his  return  from  a  mission 
to  his  native  land,  in  1875  ne  was  married  to  Kirsten  Marie 

*  Prest.  A.  H.  L,und  is  Church  Historian.    Those  named  herein  are  his 
assistants. 


388 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Pedersen,  by  whom   he  had   four  children  and   who  died  in 
1887.      He   had    two  other  wives,  Misses  Emma  and  Bertha 

Howell,  by  the  first  of  whom 
he  had  three  children.  Mr. 
Jenson  has  done  great  work 
as  a  writer  and  translator, 
being  an  editor  and  author 
of  excellent  attainments  and 
extensive  experience;  he  has 
also  held  several  civil  offices 
and  is  always  4ion  the  go," 
being  one  of  the  busiest 
men  in  any  community.  His 
last  mission  for  the  Church 
was  in  1902-3,  when  he  filled 
a  special  one  to  Europe,  get- 
ting out  a  new  edition  of 
the  Book  of  Mormon  in 
the  Danish  language  and  at- 
tending to  some  historical 
ANDREW  JENSON.  work. 


O.  F.    WHITNEY,  HISTORIAN. 

MR.  WHITNEY  was  born  July  i,  1855,  in  this  city,  being 
the  eldest  living  issue  of  Horace  K.  Whitney  and  Helen  Mar 
Kimball  Whitney.  His  father  was  one  of  the  Utah  Pioneers 
of  July  24,  1847,  and  occupied  many  positions  of  distinction. 
He  was  educated  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native  city  and 
in  the  University  of  Deseret  (now  University  of  Utah),  and 
his  earliest  predilections  were  music  and  the  drama.  Was 
preparing  for  the  stage  when  called  on  a  mission  to  go  to  the 
Eastern  States  in  October,  1876.  While  absent  corresponded 
for  the  home  papers,  notably  the  Salt  Lake  Herald,  over  the 
nom  de  -plume  of  "lago,"  by  which  he  acquired  considerable 
reputation.  He  then  began  to  take  a  deeper  interest  in  liter- 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS.  389' 

ature,  and  aspired  to  journalism,  developing  along  these  lines 
and  in  oratory,  owing  to  his  practice  in  preaching. 

Returning  from  his  mission,  he  became  on  July  14,  1878,. 
Bishop  of  tne  Eighteenth  ward,  Salt  Lake  City,  which  office 
he  has  since  held.  About  the  same  time  he  became  connected 

with  the  News  staff  as  city 
editor.  In  December,  1879,. 
he  married,  and  in  February, 
1880,  was  elected  to  the  City 
Council.  From  the  autumn 
of  1881  to  the  summer  of 
1883  he  was  in  Europe  fill- 
ing another  mission,  most  of 
the  time  in  the  editorial  de- 
partment of  the  Millennial 
Star  at  Liverpool.  Visited 
various  parts  of  Great  Brit- 
ain, spent  a  memorable  week 
in  the  city  of  Paris,  and  "did" 
London  thoroughly,  living 
there  several  months.  Re- 
turning home  he  again  be- 
came city  editor  of  the  News,. 
o.  F.  WHITNEY.  ancj  jn  October,  1883,  made 

his  last  appearance  upon  the  stage.  A  year  later  he  was  ap- 
pointed City  Treasurer,  and  was  twice  elected  to  that  position. 
Was  Chief  Clerk  of  the  House  in  the  Territorial  Legislature  of 
1888,  and  from  1884  to  1890  was  Chancellor  of  the  University 
of  Deseret.  Mr.  Whitney  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional- 
Convention  and  one  of  the  most  active  and  capable  members. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  the  third  and  fourth  State  Legislatures. 
His  greatest  literary  work  is  the  History  of  Utah,  with  which 
all  our  readers  are  abundantly  familiar,  but  he  has  produced 
many  others  of  decided  merit.  He  is  a  poet  of  great  and  recog- 
nized ability,  his  latest  effort  being  a  masterpiece — an  epic  en- 
titled "Elias,"and  as  a  public  speaker  has  very  few  superiors 


390  U1AH  AS  II  IS. 

For  several  years  past  Mr.  Whitney  has  been  an  active 
assistant  in  the  Church  Historian's  office.  In  1892  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Democrats  for  the  position  of  County  Clerk, 
but  it  was  not  a  Democratic  year  and  he  went  down  with  his 
ticket.  Personally  he  is  one  of  the  most  genial  of  men;  in  his 
friendships  as  in  his  faith  he  is  true  and  steadfast. 


A.  M.  MUSSER,   HISTORIAN. 

[Portrait  on  page  216.] 

AMOS  MILTON  MUSSER,  assistant  to  the  Church  Historian, 
is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  having  been  born  in  Donegal,  Lan- 
caster County,  on  May  20,  1830.  Dependent  upon  his  own 
labor  in  childhood  for  his  support  and  largely  that  of  the  fam- 
ily (his  mother  being  a  widow)  such  dreams  of  childhood 
as  life  being  a  great  playground  was  in  his  case  dissipated  at 
the  beginning  and  the  stern  realities  having  to  be  grappled 
with  all  along  have  contributed  in  no  small  measure  to  fitting 
him  for  the  many  trials  he  has  passed  through.  He  was  one 
of  the  youthful  modern  Spartans  who  defended  Nauvoo 
against  the  merciless  mobocrats  and  was  frequently  a  witness 
of  scenes  of  blood  and  carnage  which  might  well  have  appalled 
older  and  sterner  men.  He  was  baptized  into  the  Church  at 
Kanesville,  Iowa,  in  the  spring  of  1851  and  the  fall  of  the  same 
year  saw  him  safely  landed  in  Zion.  There  was  but  little  for 
anybody  but  hard  work  in  those  days,  and  it  is  needless  to  say 
that  he  did  his  part  as  uncomplainingly  as  the  rest,  until  the 
turn  in  the  tide  placed  the  toilers  in  more  desirable  circum- 
stances. 

Elder  Musser  was  for  many  years  what  was  known  as  a 
traveling  Bishop,  looking  after  Church  affairs  of  a  temporal 
nature  throughout  theTerritory  and  its  immediate  surroundings. 
He  has  been  in  his  present  position  since  his  return  from  a 
mission  to  the  East  Indies,  circumnavigating  the  globe  without 
purse  or  scrip,  in  1857.  He  is  a  man  of  immovable  integrity 
and  unswerving  fidelity  to  principle.  When  sentenced  to  im- 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS.  391 

prisonment  for  refusal  to  abandon  or  in  any  manner  besmirch 
his  several  families,  his  demeanor  was  one  approaching  sub- 
limity in  its  lofty  disdain,  spurning  the  means  of  escape  offered 
as  an  insult  to  his  manliness  and  sense  of  honor.  And  yet  he 
is  not  that  kind  of  person  in  everyday  life,  being  somewhat 
retiring,  always  affable  and  not  in  the  least  self-assertive  in  his 
manner.  He  has  numerous  friends  whose  company  he  always 
enjoys. 

(Mr.    Musser's  labors  and  achievements  in  other  depart- 
ments of  life  are  previously  spoken  of). 


B.  H.  ROBERTS,  HISTORIAN. 

[Portrait  on  page  150.] 

AMONG  the  men  of  Utah  who  have  made  their  impress 
upon  both  Church  and  State  is  Brigham  Henry  Roberts.  He 
is  a  type  of  the  self-made  men  of  this  country.  He  begun 
active  life  here  under  very  humble  circumstances.  Reaching 
the  United  States  from  his  birthplace  (Warrington,  Lan- 
cashire, England)  when  only  nine  years  old,  he  settled  with 
his  parents  at  Bountiful,  Davis  County,  this  State.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  hardships  incidental  to  supporting  a  family 
by  hard  labor  in  the  early  days  and  worked  in  the  mining 
camps  of  Ophir  and  Jacob  City,  Tooele  County,  for  some 
time.  He  was  apprenticed  to  the  blacksmith  trade  at  the 
age  of  seventeen,  and  whenever  opportunities  afforded  atten- 
ded the  local  schools.  Instead  of  squandering  his  spare 
hours  in  pleasure-seeking  or  idleness,  young  Roberts  persist- 
ently delved  in  the  published  thoughts  of  the  great  minds  of 
this  and  other  ages,  assimilating  as  he  went  along,  and  was 
soon  able  to  enter  the  University  of  Utah  as  a  normal,  gradu- 
ating in  1878  at  the  head  of  his  class  and  being  accorded 
the  honor  of  delivering  the  valedictory.  He  afterwards 
traveled  extensively  throughout  Great  Britain  and  this  country, 
having  visited  nearly  every  State  in  the  Union.  Politically 


392 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


he  is  a  Democrat  and  acquired  his  proclivities  not  by  a  com- 
bination of  circumstances  or  because  of  peculiar  situations, 
but  through  a  close  and  persistent  study  of  forms  and  theories 
of  government  and  social  polity,  beginning  his  researches 
with  the  studious  reading  of  Blackstone's  Commentaries  and 
continuing  along  that  line  down  to  the  statutes  of  the  State. 
His  knowledge  of  history  is  very  great  and  has  been  of  signal 
benefit  to  him  in  his  public  and  private  career.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  effective  speakers  in  this  or  any  other  State  and  is 
the  author  of  several  volumes  of  ecclesiastical  literature. 
(Other  references  to  Mr.  Roberts  occur  in  different  places  in 
this  volume.) 


PRESIDENT  ANGUS  M.  CANNON. 

THE  President  of  the  Salt  Lake  Stake  of  Zion  has  held 
his  present   position  since   1876.     He  was  born  in  Liverpool 

England,  on  May  17,  1834, 
his  parents  being  George 
and  Ann  Quayle  Cannon,  one 
of  his  brothers  the  justly  re- 
nowned George  Q.,  and  the 
other  members  were  Mary 
Alice,  Ann,  David  H.  and 
Leonora.  The  mother,  on 
her  way  here,  died  on  ship- 
board and  was  entombed  in 
the  ocean.  Late  in  1842  the 
family  reached  New  Orleans 
and  the  following  spring 
made  their  way  to  Nauvoor 
Illinois.  Angus  M.  entered 
the  Church  in  1844,  by  bap- 

ANGUS    M.   CANNON. 

tism  in  the  Mississippi  river. 

As   a    boy    he    shared   in  many  of  the  harrowing  conditions 
through  which  his  people  passed,  and  after  innumerable  hard- 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS.  393 

ships  succeeded  in  reaching  Salt  Lake  valley  in  October, 
1849,  having  walked  the  entire  distance.  His  pioneering  and 
other  work  contributed  in  no  small  measure  towards  the 
building  up  of  the  community,  and  to  detail  his  missionary  ex- 
periences and  do  them  justice  would  be  more  than  can  be 
undertaken  here;  and  his  services  in  the  militia,  as  a  public 
officer  and  an  enterprising  citizen  can  also  but  be  hinted  at. 
He  was  one  of  the  goodly  army  who  underwent  penal  servitude 
because  of  their  adherence  to  principle,  having  had  consider- 
ably more  of  the  ordeal  dealt  out  to  him  altogether  than  any 
one  else  in  the  list  and  stood  it  remarkably  well.  Mr.  Cannon 
is  the  father  of  27  children.  He  is  a  farmer,  a  stock  raiser, 
and  is  largely  interested  in  the  mining  industry. 

President  Cannon's  counselors  are  Joseph  E.  Taylor  and 
Charles  W.  Penrose,  elsewhere  spoken  of. 


THE  RECENTLY  DEPARTED. 

THERE  are  a  great  many  men  and  women  of  note  who 
have  gone  before  that  are  worthy  of  special  mention  in  this 
department;  but  the  restraints  of  space  again  make  themselves 
apparent  and  restrict  the  mention  to  those  more  recently  de- 
parted, embracing  the  names  of  Lorenzo  Snow,  George  Q. 
Cannon,  Franklin  D.  Richards  and  Brigham  Young,  Jr. 


LORENZO  SNOW,  the  fifth  President  of  the  Church,  was 
born  April  30,  1814,  in  Mantua,  Ohio.  He  was  brought  up 
on  a  farm  and  became  thus  inured  to  manual  labor,  but  his 
mental  faculties  were  by  no  means  neglected,  his  spare  mo- 
ments being  given  largely  to  reading,  which,  with  the  scho- 
lastic training  received  and  including  a  term  at  Oberlin  College, 
made  his  education  far  above  the  average.  The  discipline  of 
the  college  was  Presbyterian,  and  young  Snow  had  about  de- 
cided upon  a  life  with  religion  strictly  eliminated;  however, 

sae 


394 


UTAH  AS  IT  JS 


his  gifted  sister  Eliza  R.  had  previously  embraced  Mormonism 
and  was  constantly  laboring  with  him,  which,  with  improved 
associations,  soon  wrought  a  change  in  his  views  and  he  joined 
the  Church  in  June,  1836.  He  was  a  participant  in  most  of 

the  troubles  of  his  people  in 
those  stormy  days,  and  as  a 
teacher  and  missionary  ren- 
dered valuable  service  at  dif- 
ferent times  and  in  many  pla- 
ces. He  came  to  Salt  Lake 
valley  in  the  fall  of  1848, 
was  made  an  Apostle  in  1849, 
becoming  President  of  the 
quorum  on  April  7,  1889, 
and  on  October  18,  1898, 
was  called  to  the  Presidency 
of  the  Church,  President 
Woodruff  having  died  a  few 
months  previously.  Presi- 
dent Snow  was  one  of  the 
victims  of  the  great  crusade 
beginning  early  in  the  eight- 
ies and  which  began  to  die 
out  with  his  own  release  from 

the  penitentiary  through  the  ruling  of  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court, 
after  serving  eleven  months  imprisonment.  He  engaged  large- 
ly in  business  pursuits  and  was  a  thorough  business  man. 
He  served  the  people  for  the  unusually  long  term  of  twenty- 
nine  years  in  the  Legislature,  and  after  a  long  and  eventful 
life  passed  away  in  Salt  Lake  City  on  October  10,  1901. 


PRESIDENT  LORENZO  SNOW. 


GEORGE  Q.  CANNON,  who  served  as  first  counselor  to 
Presidents  Taylor,  Woodruff  and  Snow,  was  born  in  Liverpool, 
England,  on  January  n,  1827,  his  parents  being  natives  of 


MORMON  CHURCH  01P1C1ALU. 


395 


the  Isle  of  Man.  The  name  is  thoroughly  historic  and  inter- 
woven with  many  events  of  stirring  interest.  He  became  con- 
verted to  Mormon  doctrine  at  an  early  age  and  was  ordained 
an  Elder  on  February  9,  1845,  at  Nauvoo.  where  he  had 
also  learned  the  printing  business  in  the  office  of  the  Times 
and  Seasons,  a  publication  conducted  by  Elder  (afterwards  Pres- 
ident) John  Taylor.  In  1846  George  Q.  accompanied  the 
main  body  of  the  Saints  to  Winter  Quarters,  and  the  follow- 
ing year,  on  October  3rd, 
reached  Salt  Lake  valley, 
this  being  soon  after  the 
vanguard  of  the  Pioneers 
got  here.  For  two  years 
he  participated  vigorously 
in  the  trying  work  of  lay- 
ing the  State's  foundation, 
and  was  then  sent  on  a 
mission  to  California,  then 
an  unorganized  territory, 
and  the  following  year 
went  on  a  mission  to  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  where 
he  had  a  series  of  rigorous 
experiences.  He  acquired 
the  language  easily  and 
translated  the  Book  of 
Mormon  into  the  native 

tongue.  Returning  to  San  Francisco  in  1854,  ^e  shortly 
after  came  on  home,  but  was  returned  before  long  to  assist  in 
the  publication  of  the  Western  Standard.  To  correctly  set 
forth  all  of  his  missionary  and  other  experiences  in  this  narrow 
space  would  be  a  manifest  impossibilty;  suffice  it  to  say,  he  was 
and  remained  one  of  the  most  indomitable,  indefatigable  work- 
ers in  the  Church,  sharing  largely  in  the  persecutions  brought 
upon  his  people.  Among  his  journalistic  experiences  were 
the  editorship  of  the  Deseret  News  and  Millennial  Star,  Liver- 


GEO.    Q.    CANNON. 


396  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

pool.  1860-2;  he  then  proceeded  to  Washington,  having  been 
elected  U.  S.  Senator  from  the.  provisional  State  of  DesereU 
He  never  took  the  seat,  but  was  afterwards  a  Delegate  from  the 
Territory  for  upwards  of  nine  years,  having  previously  added 
to  his  political  career  several  terms  in  the  Legislature.  (Some 
of  his  experiences  will  be  found  in  other  departments).  He  was 
an  orator  in  the  front  rank,  a  born  statesman  and  a  natural 
diplomat,  of  excellent  education,  good  address  and  pleasing 
personality.  He  died  on  April  12,  1901,  at  Monterey,  Cali- 
fornia, whether  he  had  gone  in  quest  of  health,  but  the  funeral 
took  place  in  Salt  Lake  City  on  April  16, 1901,  and  was  at- 
tended by  a  great  host  of  people. 


FRANKLIN  DEWEY  RICHARDS  was  a  native  of  Massachu- 
setts, his  birthplace  being  Richmond,  Berkshire  county,  the 
time  of  birth  April  2,  1821.  He  was  raised  on  a  farm  and 
between  the  times  of  labor  inseparable  from  that  calling  found 
opportunity  to  improve  his  mind,  which  he  unfailingly  availed 
himself  of  in  the  greatest  measure.  He  became  at  an  early 
age  noted  as  a  great  reader  and  at  thirteen  took  a  term  in  Lennox 
Academy.  He  was  brought  up  in  the  Congregational  faith, 
but  soon  outgrew  it.  A  copy  of  the  Book  of  Mormon  having 
been  left  with  the  family  by  some  Elders,  it  was  eagerly 
perused  by  all,  but  especially  by  young  Franklin,  and  on  June 
3,  1838,  he  was  baptized  by  his  father  Phineas,  the  latter 
having  of  course  previously  joined.  On  October  22,  1838, 
the  son  set  out  for  Far  West,  Missouri,  and  while  en  route  his 
brother  was  slain,  with  several  others,  by  a  mob  at  Haun's 
Mill.  He  first  met  the  Prophet  Joseph  in  1839,  and  from  that 
time  on  was  a  diligent,  valiant  worker  for  the  Church.  He 
was  married  to  Jane  Snyder  in  1842,  by  whom  he  had  several 
children,  elsewhere  spoken  of.  His  life  for  many  years  was 
a  trying  one,  what  with  laboring  for  the  support  of  his  little 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS. 


397 


family,  from  whom  he  was  for  long  periods  separated  while 
laboring  in  the  ministry  among  hostile  people.  Gathering  to- 
gether as  good  an  equipment  for  traveling  as  his  limited  means 
would  permit,  he  saw  his  family  depart  for  the  Western  wilds 
and  then  turned  his  face  resolutely  to  the  East  to  fulfill  a  mis- 
sion to  England,  which  he  had  started  on  before  but  was  re- 
called from  on  account  of  the  assassination  of  Joseph  and 
Hyrum  Smith.  He  returned  in  the  spring  of  1848  and  started 

for  Salt  Lake  valley,  reach- 
ing Winter  Quarters  in  May, 
1848,  where  he  found  his 
wife  and  the  others  who  had 
been  able  to  endure  the  rigors 
of  the  journey  from  Nauvoo. 
After  innumerable  difficul- 
ties, which  must  have  utterly > 
crushed  less  determined 
people,  they  reached  the  val- 
ley on  October  19.  On  Feb- 
ruary 12  following  he  was 
ordained  an  Apostle,  and  in 
October,  1849,  ^e  was  again 
sent  upon  a  mission  to  Great 
Britain,  having  a  hard  trip 
all  the  way.  His  efficient 
labors  there  and  since  are 
well  known  and  too  volumi- 
nous to  set  out  in  detail.  He 
removed  from  Salt  Lake  to  Ogden  in  May,  1869,  and  in  ad- 
dition to  being  the  presiding  ecclesiastical  authority  in  Weber 
County  was  Probate  Judge  for  several  terms,  filling  both  posi- 
tions with  marked  ability  and  to  the  general  satisfaction  of  the 
people.  In  April,  1889,  he  was  appointed  as  Church 
Historian  and  served  several  years,  and  in  1898,  with  the  ac- 
cession of  Lorenzo  Snow  to  the  Presidency,  he  became  Pres- 


FRANKUN  D.  RICHARDS. 


398 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


ident   of   the   Twelve  Apostles,  which  position  he  held  till  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  Ogden  on  December  9,  1899. 

Personally,  Apostle  Richards  was  one  of  the  most  affable 
men  in  public  life  and  one  of  the  most  upright.  With  the 
opportunities  at  hand  from  which  less  scrupulous  persons 
would  have  amassed  fortunes,  he  died  with  no  more  than  a 
competence  to  his  credit.  In  the  pulpit,  on  the  street  or  at 
home,  he  was  ever  dignified  but  never  distant,  his  deportment 
being  that  of  a  gentleman  by  instinct  and  training. 


APOSTLE  BRIGHAM  YOUNG. 

THIS  son  of  the  great  leader  of  the  Mormon  people  was 
born  in  Kirtland,  Ohio,  on  December  18,  1836,  his  mother 
being  Mary  Ann  Angell.  He  was  a  twin,  his  sister  being 

named  Mary  and  her  life  was  very 
brief,  as  a  result  of  the  mobbings  to 
which  the  family  was  subjected  in 
Missouri.  They  underwent  all 
manner  of  privations  and  persecu- 
tions. The  boy  was,  even  in  the 
midst  of  trouble,  light-hearted  and 
disposed  to  make  the  best  of  every 
thing,  and  thus  he  grew  up  to  man- 
hood's estate.  He  was  baptized 
into  the  Church  in  the  Mississippi 
river  by  his  father  in  1845.  It  would 
be  quite  out  of  the  question  to  depict 
the  sorrows  and  sufferings  which 
those  devoted  people  underwent 

while  preparing  for  and  engaged  in  their  trip  to  Utah,  in 
which  the  boy  ever  participated  and  always  lent  a  willing  hand 
in  the  performance  of  all  the  work  which  such  proceedings 
entailed.  As  a  boy  of  twelve  he  drove  two  yoke  of  cattle 
across  the  plains,  reaching  the  valley  in  the  fall  of  1848.  On 


BRIGHAM  YOUNG,  JR. 


MORMON  CHURCH  OFFICIALS. 


399 


November  15,  18^5,  he  was  married  to  Catherine  C.  Spencer 
and  subsequently  to  Jane  Carrington.  Young  Brigham  rend- 
ered efficient  service  in  the  "war"  of  resistance  to  Colonel 
Johnston's  army  and  took  a  very  active  part  in  all  things  of  a 
public  nature  requiring  his  assistance,  working  and  contriving 
along  for  the  support  of  his  family  in  the  meantime.  He  was 
on  several  missions,  and  in  these  as  in  every  walk  of  life  was 
persevering  and  efficient.  He  was  a  singularly  open-hearted 
and  free-handed  man,  always  cheery  and  care-dispelling,  was 
as  honest  as  the  day  is  long  and  had  a  multitude  of  friends 
wherever  known.  He  died  in  Salt  Lake  City  on  April  13, 
1903. 


TEMPLE,  TABERNACLE  AND  ASSEMBLY  HALL. 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT  OFFICEHOLDERS  AND 
OTHERS  POLITICALLY  ENGAGED. 

THE  reader  will  please  keep  in  mind  that  in  this  and  suc- 
ceeding chapters  the  arrangement  of  the  matter  has  no  signi- 
ficance. The  sketches  are  inserted  in,  approximately,  the 
order  in  which  they  were  received.  Any  other  plan  would 
savor  of  invidiousness,  perchance  of  favoritism,  and  these  are 
things  which  this  book  is  supposed  to  avoid.  There  may  be 
some  few  exceptions,  occurring  by  reason  of  not  receiving  the 
cut  when  the  matter  was  ready,  or  vice  versa,  but  this,  in  the 
light  of  the  explanation,  is  of  no  consequence.  The  presen- 
tation of  a  man.  or  woman,  is  as  conspicuous  at  the  end  or 
any  other  part  of  the  chapter  as  at  the  beginning  thereof. 

In  this  chapter  those  who  hold  important  offices  at  the 
present  time,  as  relating  to  the  State  or  any  division  thereof, 
are  given;  those  who  have  held  office  under  the  State  at  large 
are  also  shown. 


GOVERNOR  HEBER  M.  WELLS. 

[Portrait  on  pages  100  and  n8j. 

THE  first  Governor  of  the  State  of  Utah  was  ushered  into 
this  vale  of  tears  on  August  n,  1859,  at  Salt  Lake  City.  His 
father  was  that  sterling  citizen  and  true  patriot,  Daniel  H. 
Wells,  Attorney  General  of  the  provisional  State  of  Deseret 
and  several  times  Mayor  of  Salt  Lake,  the  mother  being 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  401 

Martha  Harris.  The  foundation  for  what  has  proved  to  be  a 
widely  known  and  altogether  honorable  career  was  begun  a 
few  years  later  when  young  Heber  started  going  to  school, 
proceeding  from  the  rudimentary  to  the  more  advanced  class- 
es with  gratifying  rapidity  and  graduating  at  sixteen  years  of 
age  from  the  Deseret  University.  Soon  after,  he  entered  the 
service  of  the  city  as  a  deputy  tax  collector  and  advanced  step 
by  step  to  the  positions  of  deputy  recorder  and  recorder,  the 
latter  by  appointment  of  the  City  Council  in  1882.  He  was 
subsequently  elected  to  the  same  position  for  three  full  terms 
of  two  years  each.  In  the  great  struggle  for  the  control  of 
the  municipality  between  the  People's  party  and  the  Liberals, 
in  1890,  he  could  have  been  the  former's  nominee  for  Mayor 
if  he  had  permitted  his  friends  to  do  all  they  desired  to  in  that 
direction,  but  he  peremptorily  declined  and  thereby  the  party 
was  deprived  of  some  of  the  strength  it  would  undoubtedly 
have  had  with  him  as  the  chief  standard  bearer.  Perhaps  the 
result  would  have  been  substantially  the  same,  but  certainly  he 
would  have  done  as  he  did  on  every  previous  and  even  subse- 
quent occasion — have  to  look  over  his  shoulder  to  see  his  asso- 
ciates in  the  race — showing  his  popularity  with  all  classes  of 
the  community.  His  next  position  was  membership  in  the 
Constitutional  Convention. 

In  the  first  Republican  State  convention,  which  was  held 
in  Salt  Lake  City  in  the  latter  part  of  August,  1895,  there 
was  a  sharp  contest  for  the  nomination  for  Governor,  but  Mr. 
Wells  proved  an  easy  winner  on  the  first  ballot.  On  the 
opening  of  the  campaign  he  took  the  field  in  person  and  made 
a  thorough  canvass  of  every  section  of  the  State.  His  speeches 
were  devoid  of  any  attempt  at  rhetorical  effect,  being  plain 
statements  in  business-like  language,  carrying  conviction  with 
them.  Although  pitted  against  a  good  man  and  one  who  had 
done  the  commonwealth  much  excellent  public  service — John 
T.  Caine — Heber  was  a  decided  winner.  Two  years  later 
(nearly  a  year  extra  was  added  to  the  first  term  by  the  Con- 
stitution, so  as  to  avoid  another  election  so  soon  after  the  first), 


402  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

he  was  renominated  and  this  time  had  as  his  principal  oppo- 
nent James  H,  Moyle,  another  capable,  popular  man.  The 
result  was  as  before,  only  a  "little  more  so,"  and  with  the  com- 
pletion of  this  term  the  Governor  will  have  had  the  longest 
continuous  period  of  gubernatorial  service  of  any  of  Utah's 
executives  and  among  the  longest  on  record  in  any  of  the 
States. 

Governor  Wells  is  largely  interested  in  various  business 
enterprises,  among  them  the  State  Bank  of  Utah,  Consolidated 
Wagon  and  Machine  Co.,  Brigham  Young  Trust  Co.,  and 
different  mining  companies.  He  is  a  member  of  the  order 
of  "Sons  of  the  American  Revolution"  and  "Sons  of  the  Pio- 
neers," is  married  and  has  an  interesting  family.  His  admin- 
istration of  all  the  duties  which  devolve  upon  him  is  marked 
in  every  case  with  thoroughness,  uprightness  and  sagacity. 
He  is  a  straight  Republican  but  not  an  extremist,  and  numbers 
among  his  closest  friends  some  of  the  pronounced  Democrats 
of  this  and  other  States.  His  popularity  does  not  wane  but 
rather  increases  and  it  is  altogether  probable  that  other  and 
greater  honors  await  him. 


EX-SENATOR  FRANK  J.  CANNON, 

UTAH  has  enjoyed  the  unusual,  and  so  far  as  the  last 
half  century  is  concerned  the  exclusive,  distinction  of  being 
represented  in  Congress  by  a  delegation  which  was  her  own 
product,  both  Senators  and  the  Representative  having  been 
born  upon  her  soil.  One  was  the  gentleman  whose  portrait 
appears  here,  the  first  Senator  ever  chosen  by  this  State,  the 
others  being  Joseph  L.  Rawlins  and  William  H.  King,  else- 
where spoken  of  at  length.  Mr.  Cannon  had  previously  been 
the  Territorial  Delegate  to  Congress,  but  Statehood  cut  his 
term  in  two,  which  he  didn't  regret  very  much,  as  he  stepped 
from  the  lower  house — where  he  had  no  vote  and  but  a  limited 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


403 


voice — into  the  upper  one,  where  he  had  both  without  restric- 
tion and  used  them  most  effectively  on  several  occasions.^ ** 
Mr.  Cannon  was  born  forty-two  years  ago,  and  except  for 
the  intense  and  continued  mental  application  to  which  he  has 
subjected  himself  and  which  has  brought  a  sprinkling  of  gray 

among  his  dark  and  luxuriant 

hair,  would  not  seem  to  have 
reached  even  that  early  age. 
He  was  the  youngest  man 
in  the  Senate,  but  he  at  once 
took  rank  with  the  "grave 
and  reverent  seigniors"  by 
means  of  sterling  qualities 
properly  applied,  which 
gained  for  him  recognition 
and  regard  from  all  sides. 
His  demeanor,  even  when 
younger,  as  a  Delegate,  was 
at  all  times  and  under  all  cir- 
cumstances free  from  the 
slightest  trace  of  immaturity 
or  awkwardness,  by  means 
of  which  general  ability  is 
often  of  no  avail  in  such 
places,  and  he  carried  him- 
self into  and  out  of  important  discussions  of  abstruse  proposi- 
tions as  though  he  had  seen  a  score  of  years  service.  Con- 
spicuous among  these  occasions  were  the  Dingley  tariff  bill 
debate  and  the  various  times  when  measures  relating  to  the 
currency  or  the  Cuban  situation  were  before  the  Senate,  in  all 
of  which  he  was  decidedly  at  the  fore,  standing  prominently 
among  those  who  have  been  recognized  leaders  for  years. 
Although  a  Republican,  he  was  unable  to  act  with  the  majority 
of  his  party  in  what  he  conceived  to  be  manifestly  unjust 
measures,  and  because  thereof  he  placed  himself  in  opposition 
to-the  tariff  measure  spoken  of,  to  which  he  offered  an  amend- 


FRANK  J.  CANNON 


404  UTAH  AS  11  IS. 

ment  designed  to  equalize  the  situation  somewhat,  his  prop- 
osition being  that  no  protection  was  proposed  for  the  farmers 
of  the  country,  and  it  would  be  no  more  than  just  to  them  to 
allow  them  a  bonus  on  all  wheat  exported.  The  amendment 
failed,  of  course,  but  not  until  Mr.  Cannon  had  placed  himself 
on  record  as  a  clear-headed  and  even-handed  champion  of  the 
industrialists  of  the  United  States.  He  was  perhaps  the  most 
active  debater  on  this  occasion  in  the  chamber,  and  made  a 
great  speech  which  was  published  and  distributed  throughout 
the  country,  eliciting  from  all  quarters  most  decided  expres- 
sions of  commendation. 

Mr.  Cannon  has  held  other  positions  which  have  brought 
him  into  prominence  before  the  public,  one  of  these  being  that 
of  delegate  to  the  National  Republican  conventions  held  at 
Minneapolis  in  1892  and  St.  Louis  in  1896,  on  both  of  which 
occasions  he  was  a  conspicuous  figure.  At  St.  Louis  his  inde- 
pendence of  thought  and  action  were  again  made  manifest  by 
walking  out  of  the  convention  when  it  refused  to  take  action 
favorable  to  silver,  a  movement  in  which  he  was  joined  by 
Senator  Teller  of  Colorado  and  a  few  others;  this  attitude 
he  has  since  steadfastly  maintained. 

Mr.  Cannon  is  gifted  with  a  wealth  of  vocabulary  and 
perspicuity  of  expression,  together  with  a  gracefulness  of  ac- 
tion and  power  and  modulation  of  voice,  such  as  make  him  an 
orator  in  the  very  front  rank.  He  is  a  business  man  of  active 
and  untiring  disposition,  his  affairs  embracing  several  mining 
and  commercial  enterprises. 

Mr.  Cannon  is  a  married  man,  his  wife  being  Miss  Mattie 
Brown  of  Ogden,  in  which  city  they  still  live.  Five  children 
have  been  born  to  them,  one  of  whom  is  dead. 


EX-SENATOR  J.  L.  RAWLINS. 

ONE  of   Utah's  sons  that  has  climbed  the  ladder  of  fame 
.and  stood  almost  at  the  top  is  Joseph  Lafayette  Rawlins.    He 


AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS 


405- 


was  born  March  28,  1850,  in  Salt  Lake  County,  and  is  in  the 
highest  sense  a  self-made  man.  His  parents  were  Joseph  S. 
and  Mary  Rawlins,  people  who  shared  many  of  the  hardships 
inseparable  from  early  life  in  Utah,  and  who  gave  their  children 
as  much  schooling  as  the  times  and  circumstances  permitted. 
The  opportunities  were  not  wasted,  for  the  subject  of  this  ar- 
ticle had  the  determination  within  him  to  be  educated,  and  this 
invariably  makes  limited  facilities  go  a  long  way,  even  when 

they  are  accompanied 
by  such  hard  work 
as  farm  life  imposes 
and  of  which  Mr. 
Rawlins  had  an  abun- 
dance. At  eighteen 
he  was  enabled  to 
enter  the  Deseret 
University,  where  his 
progress  was  rapid; 
and  in  1871,  having 
saved  suf  f  ici  ent 
money  for  the  pur- 
pose, he  entered  the 
University  of  Indiana, 
where  he  completed 
the  classical  course 
but  was  unable  tore- 
main  for  graduation 
through  lack  of 

means.  Returning  home  he  was  given  a  chair  in  the  home 
University  and  in  his  spare  time  read  law  in  the  office  of  Wil- 
liams, Young  &  Sheeks  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1874. 
In  1875  the  firm  dissolved  and  Messrs.  Sheeks  and  Rawlins 
became  partners. 

Mr.  Rawlins'  natural  qualifications  added  to  his  scholastic 
attainments  wefe  soon  the  means  of  singling  him  out  for  polit- 
ical._honors,  and  in  1892  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats- 


JOSEPH    L.    RAWWNS. 


406  U1AH  AS  II  IS. 

for  Delegate  to  Congress  and  was  elected  over  FrankJ.  Cannon 
by  a  handsome  majority.  His  record  there  was  so  gratifying 
to  his  supporters  that  he  was  renominated  two  years  later,  but 
by  this  time  Republicanism  had  begun  to  secure  a  firm  footing 
in  Utah  and  the  formerly  vanquished  became  the  victor.  It 
is  proper  here  to  say  that  his  labors  in  Congress  in  behalf  of 
Utah  brought  him  a  multitude  of  commendations,  these  com- 
ing from  the  Mormon  Church  authorities  and  prominent 
Republicans  among  others. 

Mr.  Rawlins  was  the  candidate  of  his  party  for  United 
States  Senator  in  the  first  Statehood  election,  in  which  there 
was  a  Republican  victory;  but  the  following  year  the  Demo- 
crats swept  the  deck,  and  after  a  protracted  struggle  (which 
is  elsewhere  detailed)  he  was  chosen  to  that  distinguished 
position.  That  he  has  filled  it  with  signal  ability;  that  he  has 
been  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  most  capable  men  in  that 
grand  aggregation  where  only  capable  men  are  supposed  to 
go;  that  he  loyally  and  ably  represented  his  State  and  zealously 
safeguarded  her  every  interest,  are  matters  of  which  all  news- 
paper readers  are  already  apprised.  At  this  time  he  is  busy 
in  his  law  office,  where  there  is  always  enough  doing  to  keep 
him  busy  every  hour  in  the  day;  but  that  his  political  career 
has  closed  is  not  in  the  least  degree  probable. 


WILLIAM  H.  KING. 

[Portrait  on  page  145.  J 

MR.  KING  was  born  in  1862  in  Fillmore  City,  Millard 
County,  Utah.  On  his  father's  side  he  is  of  New  England 
stock,  the  Kings  having  come  to  New  England  in  1630.  The 
family  was  prominent,  having  amongst  its  members  Rufus 
King,  the  great  Federal  leader,  and  William  King,  the  founder 
of  Maine.  His  paternal  grandmother  was  of  the  John  Han- 
cock family.  His  mother  was  born  at  New  Orleans,  but  her 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  407 

parents  were  from  Ireland.  Until  fifteen  years  of  age  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  spent  his  time  upon  the  farm  and  the  ranch; 
at  that  age  attended  the  Academy  at  Provo,  remaining  two 
years.  In  the  fall  of  1880  he  started  to  the  University  and 
was  sent  to  England  a  few  months  later  as  a  missionary  in 
the  Mormon  Church.  He  then  labored  in  the  British  isles, 
spending  some  little  time  in  Ireland  visiting  relatives;  returned 
to  the  United  States  and  spent  several  months  in  New  York, 
Massachusetts  and  Michigan;  returned  to  Utah,  and  was 
elected,  before  reaching  his  majority,  to  several  offices  in  Mil- 
lard  County  and  Fillmore  City.  Until  1889  he  resided  there. 
During  that  time  he  served  as  County  Attorney  for  Millard 
County  for  four  years  and  was  also  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business.  In  1885  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  represent- 
ing Millard  and  Juab  Counties.  When  Cleveland  was  first 
nominated  for  President,  though  national  party  lines  were  not 
drawn  in  the  Territory,  he  made  many  speeches  in  the  central 
part  in  behalf  of  Democracy  and  urged  a  division  on  party 
lines.  In  1886  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  went  to  Ann 
Arbor  and  graduated  from  the  law  department.  In  1887  was 
again  elected  to  the  Legislature,  representing  the  former 
counties.  While  at  Ann  Arbor  took  some  interest  in  politics 
and  made  speeches  for  the  Democracy  in  the  State.  Was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Michigan  in  April,  1887.  In 
January.  1889,  removed  to  Provo  and  formed  a  partnership 
with  S.  R.  Thurman  and  George  Sutherland,  and  had  an  ex- 
tensive practice  with  them.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  Mr.  Suth- 
erland withdrew  and  the  firm  continued  as  Thurman  &  King. 
Continued  to  practice  law  at  Provo  until  August,  1894,  when 
he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Fourth  District  Court  of  Utah 
and  member  of  the  Supreme  Court,  being  appointed  by  Prest. 
Cleveland.  Prior  to  the  appointment  as  Judge  he  held  several 
offices  in  Utah  County,  being  City  Attorney  for  Provo  City 
and  various  other  cities  in  the  county;  was  also  County  At- 
torney and  attorney  tor  the  Mormon  Church  in  the  central 
part  of  the  Territory. 


408  UTAH  AS  JT  IS. 

Mr.  King  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1891  by  the 
Democrats,  and  was  the  President  of  the  first  Democratic 
Legislative  Council.  He  spent  the  following  winter  in  Wash- 
ington and  was  there  admitted  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States.  When  the  Sagebrush  Democracy  was  organ- 
ized he  took  a  prominent  part. 

When  Statehood  came  Judge  King  retired  from  the  Judge- 
ship;  he  moved  to  Salt  Lake  City  and  formed  a  partnership 
with  Arthur  Brown  and  H.  P.  Henderson,  which  existed  until 
his  election  to  Congress  in  1896.  He  was  nominated  by  accla- 
mation and  in  the  election  had  the  wholly  unprecedented 
majority  of  18,000.  He  was  again  nominated  for  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  rejection  of  B.  H.  Roberts  and  elected  over 
J.  T.  Hammond.  In  1902  he  met  with  defeat,  Joseph 
Howell  being  elected.  His  services  as  Representative  were 
most  satisfactory  and  are  too  well  known  to  need  recounting.. 


JAMES  T.  HAMMOND. 

[Portrait  on  page  118.] 

MR.  HAMMOND  is  a  native  of  Utah,  and  44  years  of  age. 
Early  in  life  his  parents  moved  to  Cache  Valley,  where  he 
resided  continuously  until  chosen  to  his  present  prosition  in 
1895.  There  he  attended  the  local  schools,  and  later  took  a 
University  course;  of  later  years  he  took  up  the  study  of  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1884.  He  practiced  exten- 
sively in  the  courts,  and  held  the  office  of  County  Attorney 
for  some  years;  he  also  held  several  other  offices,  all  of  which 
he  filled  to  the  complete  satisfaction  of  his  constituents.  He 
was  twice  elected  to  the  Legislative  Council  and  once  to  the 
House  of  Representatives,  in  which  he  showed  a  marked 
capacity  for  legislation.  He  was  nominated  by  the  first  Re- 
publican State  Convention  for  Secretary  of  State,  and  after  an 
active  campaign  was  elected  by  a  decided  majority.  In  March, 
1899,  he  was  nominated  to  Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  occa- 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  409 

sioned  by  the  expulsion  of  B.  H.  Roberts,  but  the  Republican 
wave  hadn't  arrived  yet,  and  he  was  defeated  by  W.  H.  King, 
by  a  reduced  majority.  He  was  re-nominated  for  Secretary 
of  State  and  re-elected  by  a  handsome  majority  in  November, 
1900.  He  is  a  most  efficient  and  affable  official.  During 
his  administration,  largely  through  legislation  which  he  suc- 
ceeded in  securing,  the  revenues  of  his  office  up  to  the  end  of 
the  fiscal  year,  1903,  amounted  to  $300,000. 

Personally,  Mr.  Hammond  is  one  of  the  most  efficient, 
approachable  and  accommodating  men  in  the  public  service. 
He  is  a  married  man.  his  wife's  maiden  name  being  Leonora 
Blair,  and  they  have  three  children,  all  boys. 


JUDGE  ROBERT  N.  BASKIN. 

[Portrait  on  page  118.] 

JUDGE  BASKIN  was  born  at  Hillsboro,  Ohio,  December 
20,  1837,  and  educated  at  Salem  Academy,  near  Chilicothe, 
in  his  native  State.  At  an  early  age  he  commenced  the  study 
of  law  with  James  H.  Thompson,  a  celebrated  attorney  of 
Salem,  remaining  in  his  office  a  period  of  two  years.  He  then 
entered  the  law  school  of  Harvard  University,  where  he 
finished  his  studies  and  thereafter  returned  to  his  native  place. 
Here  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Colonel  Collins,  who 
during  the  war  was  stationed  at  Fort  Laramie,  and  in  1865 
Judge  Baskin  came  to  Utah,  where  he  has  since  remained. 

His  legal  abilitv  speedily  brought  him  into  the  front  rank 
at  the  bar  and  for  many  years  he  enjoyed  a  lucrative  practice. 
He  was  twice  elected  Mayor  of  Salt  Lake  City,  in  1892  and 
1894.  On  two  previous  occasions  Judge  Baskin  was 
also  Liberal  candidate  for  Congress,  once  in  1872  when  he 
ran  against  Captain  William  H.  Hooper  and  again  in  1877 
against  Hon.  Geo.  Q.  Cannon,  bat  was  defeated  both  ti  mes 


410  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

In  1890  he  was  elected  to  the  upper  house  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature.  In  November,  1898,  he  was  honored  with  elec- 
tion to  the  State  Supreme  bench,  being  now  Chief  Justice  of 
that  tribunal.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Jacksonian 
Democrat  of  the  sturdiest  stripe.  His  characteristics  are  strik- 
ing; he  is  the  friendliest  friend  and  the  most  determined  foe, 
whichever  it  may  be,  but  to  Utah  and  her  people  he  is 
staunchly  and  truly  steadfast  in  his  kindly  regard. 


JUDGE  G.  W.  BARTCH. 

[Portrait  on  page  118.] 

GEORGE  W.  BARTCH,  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  this  State  and  formerly  Chief  Justice,  was  born  in 
Sullivan  County,  Pennsylvania,  fifty-four  years  ago,  and  spent 
the  earlier  part  of  his  life  in  that  Slate.  Having  received  the 
academic  degree,  M.  S.,  he  began  his  professional  career  as  a 
school  teacher  and  for  several  years  he  served  as  superintendent 
of  the  public  schools  of  Shenandoah,  a  position  he  filled  with 
marked  ability. 

In  1872  Judge  Bartch  began  the  study  of  law  and  in  1884 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  his  native  State.  After  practicing 
law  several  years  he  moved  to  Canyon  City,  Colorado,  where 
he  again  entered  into  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1888 
he  moved  to  Salt  Lake  City  and  opened  a  law  office  here.  In 
1889  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  Probate  of  Salt  Lake  County 
and  served  continuously  in  that  position  until  January  4,  1893, 
when  he  was  appointed  by  President  Harrison  to  the  Supreme 
bench  of  the  Territory.  He  was  Chief  Justice  of  the  State 
from  January  i,  1899,  to  January  i,  1901,  and  will  again  be 
Chief  Justice  from  January  i,  1905,  till  January  i,  1907. 

During  his  career  on  the  bench,  Judge  Bartch  has  shown 
great  legal  ability,  integrity  and  unswerving  impartiality,  and 
his  course  has  won  the  commendation  of  all  parties.  He  is 


STATE  AND  OTHER  01 1 1C1ALS.  411 

one  of  the  hardest  students  on  the  bench  and  in  private  life  is 
one  of  the  best  of  citizens — sociable,  entertaining,  well-informed 
and  lovable.  Possessing  a  charming  personality,  of  generous 
nature  and  loyal  to  his  friends,  he  is  well  worthy  the  high 
honors  imposed  upon  him. 


JUDGE  WILLIAM  M.  McCARTY. 

[Portrait  on  page  118.] 

THE  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  at  Alpine,  Utah 
County,  Utah,  May  15,  1859.  ^n  J863,  his  parents  moved  to 
Dixie,  locating  in  Washington  County,  where  they  resided 
until  1869,  when  they  removed  to  Summit,  Iron  County. 
After  a  sojourn  there  of  seven  years  they  again  removed  and 
settled  in  Sevier  County,  where  they  made  their  permanent 
home. 

Young  McCarty  obtained  a  good  common  school  educa- 
tion and  in  January,  1882,  commenced  the  study  of  law.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  District  Court  at  Beaver,  Sep- 
tember, 1887,  and  to  the  Supreme  Court  in  1890.  In  March, 
1889,  he  was  appointed  Assistant  U.  S.  District  Attorney  and, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  brief  intervals,  held  this  office 
until  the  advent  of  Statehood. 

Mr.  McCarty  was  in  1892  elected  County  Attorney  for 
Sevier  County  and  re-elected  in  1894.  At  the  first  State 
election  he  was  elected  District  Judge  and  re-elected  in  1900? 
running  700  votes  ahead  of  his  ticket. 

During  his  boyhood  days  and  the  years  of  early  manhood, 
Judge  McCarty  took  an  active  part  in  the  arduous  toils  inci- 
dent to  pioneer  life,  working  on  the  farm,  in  the  canyons,  at 
sawmills,  driving  freight  teams  and  cutting  cord- wood.  He 
also  worked  on  railroads,  in  the  mines,  and  in  the  winters  at- 
tended school.  His  common  school  education  was  supplemented 
by  a  term  of  sixteen  weeks  at  the  Bngham  Young  Academy 


412 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


at  Provo  in  1881—82,  but  never  did  he  have  the  opportunity 
of  attending  law  school  or  the  advantage  of  reading  in  any 
law  office,  his  attainments  in  his  profession  being  gained 
by  self-study  and  characteristic  pluck.  That  he  has  succeeded 
so  notably  is  eminently  praiseworthy,  and  the  honors  he  has 
modestly  won  are  ample  testimony  to  his  worth  as  a  lawyer 
and  jurist  as  well  as  of  public  appreciation.  Especially  was 
this  attested  by  his  election  to  the  Supreme  bench  in  1902,  a 
position  he  is  filling  with  conceded  ability. 


JOSEPH  HOWELL,  REPRESENTATIVE. 

JOSEPH   HOWELL  was  born   at  Brigham  City,  February 
,   and  at  the  age  of   six   was  moved  to  Wellsville, 

Cache  County.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools,, 
with  the  exception  of  six 
months  at  the  University  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  in  1870-71. 
He  taught  school  for  five 
years  after  leaving  the  Uni- 
versity, having  previously 
teamed  and  freighted  con- 
siderably. Made  a  success- 
full  trip  to  Great  Britain  in 
1882.  Was  elected  Mayor 
of  Wellsville,  in  1882,  and 
served  three  terms.  Was 
elected  to  the  lower  house 
of  the  Legislature  in  1884— 
'86-'88,  and  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  in  1898. 
JOSEPH  HOWBM,.  He  was  married  at  the  age 

of   21  to  a  daughter  of  Bishop  Maughan,  of  Wellsville,  from 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


413 


which    place  he   recently   removed   and   is  now  permanently 
settled  in  Logan. 

In  1902  Mr.  Howell  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans 
for  Representative  to  Congress;  and  after  an  exciting  cam- 
paign, in  which  he  took  a  very  active  part,  he  was  elected, 
defeating  so  strong  and  capable  a  man  as  W.  H.  King.  That 
he  will  give  a  good  account  of  himself  is  well  assured. 


JUDGE  WILLIAM  C.   HALL. 

There  are  few  public  officers  in  our  midsU  better  known 
than  Judge  Hall.     He  has  been  a  resident  of  Utah  for  many 

years,  but  is  a  native  of 
the  Blue  Grass  State, 
having  been  born  in  Pen- 
dleton  County  in  1842. 
He  attended  the  common 
schools  and  was  rounding 
out  his  educational  term 
at  Seeley  College  when 
the  little  misunderstanding 
between  the  North  and 
South  culminated,  when 
he  at  once  aligned  himself 
with  the  gallant  hosts  who 
fought  under  the  Stars  and 
Bars,  and  there  he  re- 
mained till  the  surrender 
at  Appomatox.  His  mili- 
tary experiences  were  try- 
ing and  widespread,  and 
the  manner  in  which  he 
stayed  with  the  cause  un- 
der such  wearing  circumstances  and  at  so  youthful  an  age 


WILLIAM    C. 


414  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

marked  him  at  once  as  a  man  who  would  forge  to  the  front 
anywhere. 

After  the  war  he  betook  himself  to  the  ways  of  peace 
and  decided  upon  becoming  a  lawyer.  He  entered  the  office 
of  John  W.  Stevenson,  one  of  Kentucky's  most  illustrious  sons, 
who  among  other  distinctions  has  been  Governor  and  United 
States  Senator.  After  being  admitted  to  the  bar  Mr.  Hall  went 
into  active  practice  and  finally  followed  the  Star  of  Empire, 
bringing  up  in  Utah  in  1872,  where  he  has  been  ever  since 
and  will  remain  till  the  finish.  Here  he  has  been  signally  suc- 
cessful, his  talents  as  a  mining  lawyer  particularly  making  him 
quite  conspicuous.  He  has  held  several  official  stations,  among 
them  memb,er  of  the  Legislature  and  Attorney  for  Salt  Lake 
City.  In  1900  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  for  Judge 
of  the  Third  District  Court  and  elected  by  a  decided  majority, 
although  the  district  otherwise  went  Republican.  He  has 
made  a  most  satisfactory  record  in  this  and  all  other  capacities. 

Judge  Hall  was  prominently  named  in  connection  with 
the  nomination  for  Congressman  in  1902,  but  having  little 
taste  for  political  contests  he  did  not  encourage  his  friends  to 
push  him,  when  he  might  have  won.  He  has  always  been 
a  conservative,  impartial  man,  and  in  the  days  when  the  social 
elements  were  clashing  most  fiercely,  he  kept  aloof  from  radi- 
cal measures  and  extreme  issues,  gaining  friends  thereby  who 
will  always  remember  him.  Being 'a  man  of  equable  temper- 
ament and  affable  disposition,  he  is  quite  approachable  at  all 
times  and  thereby  enjoys  a  measure  of  popularity  which  is 
not  limited  to  any  party  or  creed.  He  is  a  man  of  family, 
and  that  counts  for  something  in  Utah  quite  as  much  as  any- 
where in  the  world.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  the  limit  of  his 
public  stations  has  by  no  means  been  reached;  men  of  his 
class  always  find  plenty  of  room  at  the  top. 


STA'lE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


415 


A.  B.  LEWIS,  MINING  OPERATOR  AND 
STATE  SENATOR. 

THE  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  having 
"been  born  in  Erie  County  in  1857.  He  did  not  remain  at  his 
birthplace  very  long,  for  we  find  him  in  Illinois  in  1864,  then 
six  years  later  in  Nebraska,  Illinois  being  returned  to  in 
1885.  He  went  to  the  schools  of  the  neighborhood  and 
made  the  most  of  his  opportunities,  and  having  a  receptive, 
retentive  and  comprehen- 
sive mentality,  made  ex- 
cellent advancement,  pro- 
ceeding from  one  grade 
to  another  in  a  manner 
that  was  gratifying  to  his 
relatives  and  friends.  But 
after  a  comparatively  lim- 
ited season  his  school 
training  ended,  at  the  age 
of  twelve,  after  which  he 
studied  at  home,  where 
he  succeeded  in  equip- 
ping himself  in  an  ade- 
quate manner  for  the 
battle  of  life.  So  well 
were  these  studies  car- 
ried on  that  he  was  then 
equipped  for  college,  and 

we    find    him     there    at  A'  B'  I'EWIS- 

twenty-two  years  of  age,  having  during  his  term  of  study 
lost  no  time  and  taken  the  best  possible  advantage  of 
every  opportunity  which  was  afforded  him.  He  then  pro- 
ceeded to  put  his  attainments  to  practical  use,  and  at  twenty- 
five  he  was  superintendent  of  county  schools  for  Greeley 
County,  Nebraska.  After  some  varied  experiences  in  the 


416  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

journalistic  field,  occupying  every  newspaper  position,  he  de- 
cided to  take  up  the  business  of  mining  and  with  that  object 
in  view  came  to  Wyoming  in  1888,  where,  as  well  as  in  Colo- 
rado, he  was  soon  in  full  swing  and  operated  successfully  for 
a  number  of  years.  In  1896  the  fame  of  Utah  proved  too 
strong  an  attraction  to  resist  and  he  wended  his  way  hither. 
Inspection  showed  him  that  the  reputation  our  commonwealth 
had  earned  was  well  bestowed  and  he  began  operations  at 
once,  continuing  with  varying  fortunes,  but  still  with  a  steady 
trend  toward  the  goal,  until  in  1897  he  began  securing  options 
on  properties  on  the  west  side  of  Beaver  valley,  where  are 
situated  the  now  well  known  mines  of  the  Majestic,  Imperial, 
Royal  and  Cactus  companies,  being  also  the  owner  of  the 
famous  Comet  interests  in  Iron,  Washington  and  Box  Elder 
Counties.  He  is  also  harnessing  the  waters  of  Beaver  river 
to  a  power  plant  which  will  produce  power  enough  to  operate 
all  the  mines  in  three  southern  Utah  counties.  The  great 
smelter  now  approaching  completion  near  Milford  will  be 
another  monument  to  his  enterprise  and  perseverance;  this 
will  be  one  of  the  largest  in  the  West,  having  a  capacity 
greater  than  any  other  but  one  in  the  State.  He  is  also  en- 
gaged in  various  business  enterprises  there  and  elsewhere,  and 
is  altogether  one  of  the  most  active  and  decidedly  all-round 
citizens  any  State  can  boast  of. 

In  May,  1903,  Mr.  Lewis,  having  no  doubt  an  eye  to 
more  extensive  operations,  resigned  the  presidency  of  the 
Majestic  Company  and  proceeded  lo  organize  the  Royal 
Mining  Company,  in  which  he  was  entirely  successful  and  of 
which  great  enterprise  he  stands  at  the  head.  He  is  further 
engaged  in  a  great  combination  having  in  view  the  control  and 
working  of  large  tracts  of  the  celebrated  iron  fields  of  Iron 
County,  where  probably  the  greatest  investments  in  the  State 
will  be  if  they  have  not  already  been  made.  But  it  is  not  in 
the  mining  field  alone  that  he  is  making  giant  strides  as  pre- 
viously suggested.  Having  obtained  the  necessary  franchises, 
he  has  under  construction  a  mammoth  reservoir  scheme  near 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  417 

Minersville,  by  which  the  present  worthless,  but  decidedly 
rich  soil  north  and  west  of  that  town  will  be  made  productive, 
while  that  which  produces  will  be  greatly  added  to.  He  has 
obtained  control  of  some  18,000  acres  himself  and  will  soon 
put  it  to  good  use. 

Mr.  Lewis  took  hold  of  Beaver  County  when  it  sadly 
needed  taking  hold  of.  It  had  a  black  eye  as  relates  to  min- 
ing affairs  and  was  very  much  in  the  ruts  of  old-time  slowness. 
It  was  the  case  for  years  that  no  matter  how  meritorious  a 
prospect  one  might  have,  the  fact  that  it  was  located  in  Beaver 
County  headed  off  negotiations  looking  to  assistance  for  devel- 
opment; but  all  that  is  changed  now  and  Beaver  properties 
are  as  eagerly  sought  for  as  any  others,  if  not  a  little  more  so 
than  the  generality.  This  if  not  the  direct  work  of  Mr. 
Lewis,  is  more  attributable  to  him  than  to  any  other  person 
in  the  State.  Besides,  he  has  been  a  benefactor  in  other  ways, 
giving  employment  directly  or  indirectly  to  some  300  men 
where  little  or  none  was  to  be  had  before,  and  this  goodly 
army  will  soon  be  largely  augmented.  This  alone  means 
very  much  for  the  southern  country,  and  it  is  no  wonder  that 
at  the  last  general  election  the  people  there  overthrew  political 
distinctions  and  gave  him  a  large  majority  for  State  Senator 
in  a  district  which  was  previously  the  stronghold  of  his  politi- 
cal opponents,  a  feat  which  was  previously  considered  impos- 
sible. It  is  in  fact  a  reasonable  conclusion  that  his  general 
career  here  has  been  no  more  than  fairly  begun,  but  will  pro- 
ceed from  the  commencement  with  gratifying  rapidity  and 
growth.  The  future  undoubtedly  contains  much  for  him. 


A.  L.  HAMLIN,  REPRESENTATIVE. 

MR.    HAMLIN,    who    is   a   lineal   descendent  of  the  man 
who  was  Vice-President  under  Lincoln,  is  a  type  of  the  sturdy 


418 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


characteristics  and  general  hardihood  indigenous  to  the  North- 
western States,  many  of  which  class  of  people  have  found 
their  way  to  Utah  and  made  their  homes  here.  He  was  born 
near  Spring  Valley,  Minnesota,  on  October  i,  1858,  and  when 
old  enough  attended  the  common  schools  till  sixteen  years  of 
age.  He  then  entered  into  an  apprenticeship  at  the  carpenter's 
trade,  and  followed  it  capably  and  successfully.  He  took  up 
the  business  of  contractor  soon  after  emerging  from  the  toils 
of  his  apprenticeship  and  followed  it  with  success  till  1879, 

when  he  moved  to  Brookings 
County,  South  Dakota,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  same  pursuits  there 
for  eleven  years,  being  one  of  the 
pioneers  in  opening  that  section 
of  the  country.  He  found  time  to 
engage  in  political  affairs,  and 
aligning  himself  with  the  straight 
Republicans,  became  an  active 
and  influential  member.  In  1890 
he  decided  to  cast  his  lot  with  the 
people  of  Utah  and  has  been  here 
ever  since,  without  undergoing 
any  important  changes  in  either 
person,  politics  or  business,  the 
latter  especially  having  been  pro- 
ductive of  good  results  right 
along  and  all  the  time.  His  poli- 
tical offiliations  and  nearness  to  the  working  classes  were  the 
means  of  landing  him  in  the  lower  house  of  the  fourth  State 
Legislature,  where  he  made  so  good  a  record  for  ability,  in- 
dustry and  integrity  that  he  had  no  difficulty  in  securing  a 
re-nomination  and  re-election  to  the  fifth  Legislature,  where 
his  services  again  made  him  prominent.  He  stands  high  with 
employers,  employed  and  all  who  know  him  and  can  undoubt- 
edly have  a  political  future  if  he  draws  for  it. 

Mr.    Hamlin  has   a   goodly  family  and  is  in  that  as  in  all 


A.    I,.    HAMLIN. 


STA1E  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


419 


other  respects  a  goodly  citizen .  He  attends  to  his  own  affairs 
so  much  he  has  but  little  if  any  time  to  look  after  the  squabbles 
of  other  people. 


F.  D.  HOBBS,  U.  S.  REGISTER. 

FRANK  D.  HOBBS,  the  Register  of  the  United  States 
Land  Office  for  Utah,  whose  office  is  at  Salt  Lake  City,  is  a 
native  of  North  Hampton,  New  Hampshire.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town  and  at  Phillips 

Academy,  \ndover,  Massa- 
chusetts. He  graduated  from 
the  National  University  Law 
School  of  Washington,  D.  C., 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1877.  Mr.  Hobbs  was  a 
soldier  in  the  war  of  the  re- 
bellion and  was  seriously 
disabled  while  serving  his 
country  in  that  capacity.  He 
was  appointed  Register  in 
1889,  was  re-appointed  in 
1898,  and  again  in  1902.  By 
reason  of  his  long  term  of 
service  he  has  become  "one 
of  us"  in  all  material  respects 
and  is  a  citizen  who  enjoys 
F.  D.  HOBBS.  the  esteem  of  all  who  know 

him.     Undoubtedly  he   is  a 

Republican  in  politics,  but  is  not  an  "offensive  partisan,"  and 
administers  the  duties  of  his  responsible  calling  with  imparti- 
ality and  fairness  to  all.  He  is  quite  active  notwithstanding 
the  physical  disability  imposed  upon  him  in  the  service  of 


420 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


his  country,  and  is  a  pleasant,  agreeable  gentleman  as  well  as 
a  most  efficient  officer. 


GEORGE  A.  SMITH,  U.  S.  RECEIVER. 

THIS  son  of  the  well  known  Apostle  John  Henry  Smith 
and  his  wite  Sarah  Farr,  was  ushered  into  this  life  in  Salt 
Lake  City  on  April  4,  1870.  He  received  as  good  an  edu- 
cation as  the  district  schools  could  give  and  rounded  it  out 
with  a  term  each  in  the  Brigham  Young  Academy  at  Provo 
and  the  Utah  University.  He  then  entered  the  employment 

of  Z.  C.  M.  I.  clothing  fac- 
tory and  later  had  a  position 
in  its  store,  also  in  the  Co- 
operative Wagon  and  Ma- 
chine Company.  He  was 
appointed  to  his  present  po- 
sition of  Receiver  of  the  Land 
Office  by  President  McKinley 
in  1898.  From  1892  to  1894 
he  performed  missionary 
workfor  the  Mormon  Church 
in  the  Southern  States,  act- 
ing as  secretary  of  the  mis- 
sion, and  held  several  ec- 
clesiastical stations  at  home; 
is  also  a  director  in  the  Utah 
National  Bank  and  Cun- 
nington  &  Cp's.  Mr.  Smith 
has  been  active  in  politics  for 

several  years,  and  was  one  of  the  small  but  undaunted  array 
who  bore  the  banner  of  McKinley  in  1896,  when  the  State 
gave  a  Democratic  majority  of  52,000.  He  has  traveled  ex- 
tensively in  the  United  States  and  visited  several  of  the  lead- 


GEO.   A.   SMITH. 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


421 


ing  cities    of    Europe.     He    is   a  good-natured   and  efficient 
official. 


EDWARD  H.  ANDERSON,  U.  S.  SURVEYOR. 

EDWARD  H.  ANDERSON  was  born  October  8,  1858,  in 
Sweden,  and  came  to  Utah  in  1864.  He  herded  cows  near 
the  penitentiary  for  a  year  or  so,  then  moved  to  Farmington, 
where  he  went  to  school  to  Aunt  Huldah  Kimball,  and  in  1868* 
went  to  Weber,  where  he  worked  on  a  farm  and  attended 
school,  graduating  from  the  normal  department  of  the  Univer- 
sity in  1877.  He  taught  school  three  years,  and  began  the 

newspaper  business  in  Ogden 
in  1879,  staying  with  it  for  a 
decade  on  the  Junction^ 
Herald  and  Standard,  being 
manager  of  the  last  two.  He 
was  Superintendent  of 
Schools  in  Weber  for  eight 
years,  and  edited  the  Contri- 
butor in  this  city  for  two 
years.  In  1890  he  went  on 
a  mission  to  Scandinavia, 
presiding  over  the  mission; 
returned  and  wrote  two 
books  for  the  Cannons,  ''Life 
of  Brigham  Young"  and 
"Brief  History  of  the 
Church."  Was  elected  Og- 
den City  Recorder  in  1893, 
and  served  three  terms  (six 
years),  quitting  to  edit  the 
Improvement  Era,  of  which  he  is  now  editor.  Has  held  many 
ecclesiastical  offices,  and  was  a  member  of  the  High  Coun- 
cil of  Weber.  Was  elected  10  the  fourth  Legislature  by  a  large 


E.    H.    ANDERSON. 


422  U1AH  AS  II  IS. 

majority.     He  was  appointed   by  President   McKinley  Sur- 
veyor General  of  Utah,  a  deserved  recognition. 


JOHN  DE  GREY  DiXON,  STATE  TREASURER. 

[Portrait  on  page  118.  J 

MR.  DIXON  was  born  in  Salt  Lake  City  on  July  16,  1867, 
and  is  the  son  of  Henry  Aldous  Dixon  and  Sarah  De  Grey 
Dixon.  His  parents  removed  to  Provo  in  the  year  1870, 
where  he  has  resided  ever  since  until  his  present  position  re- 
quired his  making  Salt  Lake  City  his  residence.  His  father 
was  born  in  Grahamstown,  South  Africa;  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Mormon  Church  and  upon  his  arrival  in  Utah  in 
the  year  1856,  at  once  took  an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the 
Church,  and  in  the  development  of  the  new  Territory.  After 
a  residence  here  of  about  three  years,  he  went  as  a  missionary 
to  England  and  South  Africa,  and  in  that  service  spent  one 
year  in  England  and  three  years  in  the  latter  country.  Having 
received  his  second  call  to  fill  a  mission,  he  left  for  England 
in  November,  1879.  After  his  return  to  Utah  he  was  variously 
employed  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  April,  1884,  when 
he  was  m  charge  of  the  Provo  branch  of  Zion's  Co-operative 
Mercantile  Institution. 

When  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  three  years  old,  his 
parents  removed  to  Provo  from  Salt  Lake  City,  and  in  the 
former  city  he  spent  his  boyhood  days.  He  was  a  short  time 
an  attendant  of  the  public  schools  and  entered  the  Brigham 
Young  Academy  at  its  commencement  and  remained  with  it 
until  he  had  taken  a  course  in  the  normal  department,  but 
owing  to  the  departure  of  his  father  was  forced  to  end  his 
studies  and  earn  his  own  livelihood.  His  first  work  was  in 
bricklaying,  which  he  followed  for  a  period  of  four  years, 
during  which  time  he  assisted  in  the  erection  of  the  State 
Mental  Hospital,  at  Provo,  Brigham  Young  Academy,  Taber- 
nacle, bank,  theatre  and  other  prominent  buildings.  He  also 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  423 

kept  the  books  of  his  employers,  who  were  engaged  in  various 
other  enterprises.  Later  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Provo  school  district  and  successfully  administered  the  duties 
of  that  position  for  six  years.  He  was  clerk  a  short  time  to 
President  A.  O.  Smoot,  who  later  secured  for  him  a  position 
as  bookkeeper,  which  position  he  held  for  four  years.  While 
in  that  service  he  was  appointed  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of 
Dr.  J.  E.  Talmage  in  the  Provo  City  Council  occasioned  by 
the  former's  removal  to  Salt  Lake  City,  and  was  later  elected 
to  serve  a  complete  term,  the  ticket  on  which  he  was  nomi- 
nated and  elected  being  the  last  put  forward  by  the  old 
People's  party.  During  the  term  of  his  office  he  was  an 
ernest  advocate  of  improvements  and  aided  largely  in  giving 
Provo  its  system  of  waterworks,  which  were  secured  at  a 
cost  of  $125,000,  besides  improvements  in  the  health  and  sani- 
tary conditions  of  the  city.  In  the  spring  of  1890  Mr.  Dixon 
resigned  from  the  service  of  the  Provo  Lumber  &  Building 
Co.  and  entered  into  a  partnership  with  Taylor  Brothers  in 
the  furniture,  stove,  crockery  and  music  business,  located  at 
Provo.  The  firm  incorporated  the  following  year  under  the 
laws  of  the  Territory  and  Mr.  Dixon  was  elected  secretary 
and  treasurer,  and  continued  to  hold  those  positions  since  that 
time  until  his  election  as  State  Treasurer;  his  entire  time  and 
attention  were  given  to  the  business  of  this  company,  in  which 
he  was  also  a  director,  with  the  exception  of  two  years,  1896- 
97 — when  the  Church  called  him  to  take  a  mission  to  the 
Southern  States;  upon  his  return  from  this  successful  mission, 
he  resumed  his  former  position  and  continued  there  until  nom- 
inated upon  the  Republican  ticket  and  elected  State  Treasurer 
in  the  fall  of  1900.  He  carried  his  own  county  by  a  majority 
of  820  votes,  the  average  majority  being  about  300.  It  should 
be  mentioned  here  that  he  was  elected  City  Recorder  of  Provo 
and  -served  one  term  covering  the  years  1894-96;  also  that 
two  years  later  he  was  nominated  on  the  Republican  ticket 
for  County  Clerk,  and  after  a  vigorous  campaign  was  defeated 
by  -a  bare  margin  of  88  votes.  The  strength  he  developed  in 


424  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

this  contest  practically  led  to  his  nomination  and  subsequent 
election  as  State  Treasurer  in  1900.  Throughout  his  political 
career  Mr.  Dixon  has  always  been  a  Republican  since  the  or- 
ganization of  the  party  in  Utah.  He  is  one  of  its  most  ardent 
supporters,  and  active  workers.  In  the  church  of  his  choice 
he  has  taken  an  active  part. 

Mr.  Dixon  is  married,  his  wife  being  formerly  Sarah 
Lewis,  daughter  ot  Bishop  William  J.  Lewis,  of  the  Provo 
Third  Ward,  and  they  have  five  children,  four  sons  and  one 
daughter.  The  position  which  Mr.  Dixon  has  achieved  has 
been  the  result  of  constant  hard  work,  unflinching  application 
and  industry.  He  is  truly  a  self-made  man  and  has  won  his 
place  by  his  own  merit  and  ability. 


C.  S.  TINGEY,  STATE  AUDITOR. 

[Portrait  on  page  n8.J 

THE  State  Auditor  is  a  son  of  John  Tingey  of  this  city,, 
where  he  was  born  in  1859.  At  the  age  of  eleven  years  he 
went  to  work  in  a  brick  yard,  working  in  summer  months  and 
attending  the  Deseret  University  during  the  winter.  At  four- 
teen he  secured  a  position  with  a  mercantile  house  in  Salt 
Lake  City,  which  position  he  held  for  seven  years.  In  1880 
he  purchased  an  interest  in  a  business  in  Kaysville,  which  was 
conducted  with  success  under  the  firm  name  of  Stewart  & 
Tingey  until  1885,  when  on  account  of  failing  health  he  sold 
his  interest  to  his  partner  and  purchased  a  ranch  in  Juab 
County,  and  was  employed  in  ranching  and  stock-raising  until 
1890,  when  he  accepted  a  position  as  bookkeeper  with  C. 
Andrews  &  Co.,  the  wool  and  grain  merchants  of  Nephi.  In 
1892  he  took  charge  of  the  mercantile  business  of  Hyde  & 
Whitmore,  at  Nephi,  and  in  1893  was  given  the  position  of 
cashier  of  the  Nephi  Savings  Bank  &  Trust  Co.,  resign- 
ing this  position  in  1894  to  accept  a  position  as  cashier 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  425 

of  ihe  First  National  Bank  of  Nephi.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  school  board  of  Nephi  for  several  years  and  served  one 
term  as  County  Superintendent  of  Schools  for  Juab  County. 
Mr.  Tingey  was  married  in  1880  to  Miss  Sarah  L.  Hyde, 
at  Salt  Lake  City,  his  wife  being  a  daughter  of  William  Hyde, 
formerly  of  Salt  Lake.  He  is  thoroughly  qualified  for  the 
Auditorship,  as  his  record  plainly  discloses. 


A.  C.  NELSON,  STATE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF 
PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION. 

[Portrait  on  page  n8.J 

MR.  NELSON  was  born  January  20,  1864,  at  Ephraim, 
Sanpete  County,  and  at  an  early  age  developed  many  of  the 
characteristics  of  the  sturdiness  of  habit  and  fertility  of  intellect 
of  that  favored  section.  He  was  educated  at  the  Brigham 
Young  Academy  and  the  Indiana  Central  University.  From 
the  former  institution  he  holds  the  degree  of  Pd.  B.,  from  the 
latter  the  degree  of  Ph.  B.  He  has  had  fifteen  years  expe- 
rience in  school  work  and  has  taught  in  all  the  grades  from 
the  primary  up  to  and  including  the  High  School.  He  con- 
ducted the  Manti  College  summer  school  two  years  and  has 
been  President  of  this  school.  Was  appointed  1899  as  a 
member  of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  and  has  been  County 
Superintendent  of  schools  four  and  one-half  vears.  While  in 
this  position  his  county  spent  $90,000  in  erecting  school 
houses,  a  most  gratifying  and  enduring  monument. 

It  will  be  observed  by  Mr.  Nelson's  experience  that  he  is 
finely  equipped  for  the  duties  of  State  Superintendent,  to  which 
he  was  elected  in  1900  by  a  vote  as  large  as  any  on  the  Re- 
publican ticket.  Being  a  young  man  he  has  much  to  look 
forward  to. 


ARTHUR  L.  THOMAS. 

MR.  THOMAS,  who  was  both  Governor  and  Secretary  of 
Utah  Territory  and  is  now  Postmaster  of  Salt  Lake  City,  was 


426 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS, 


born  August  22,  1851,  at  Chicago,  Illinois.  Was  taken  by  his 
parents  in  1853  to  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  attended 
the  public  schools  and  was  afterwards  taught  by  private  tutors. 
In  April,  1869,  he  was  appointed  clerk  in  the  U.  S.  House  of 
Representatives,  serving  until  April,  1879,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed Secretary  of  Utah,  which  meant  being  Governor  for 
different  periods  at  various  times,  and  was  re-appointed, 

the  record  being  as  fol- 
lows; 

Mr.     Thomas  was   ap- 
pointed    in     April,    1879, 

^HB|P^  Secretary  of  the  Territory 

f  of     Utah     by     President 

|[  Hayes;     he     was     re-ap- 

pointed by  President  Ar- 
thur in  April,  1883,  and 
served  until  April,  1887, 
eight  years  in  all,  a  longer 
period  than  any  other  Sec- 
retary in  the  history  of  the 
Territory. 

In  1880  he  was  ap- 
pointed Supervisor  of  the 
Census  for  the  district  of 
Utah,  and  in  1881  was 
appointed  a  special  agent 
of  the  Government  to  col- 
lect the  statistics  of  schools 
and  churches.  In  1884  he 
was  elected  by  the  Legislative  Assembly  one  of  four  com- 
missioners to  compile  the  laws  of  the  Territory,  and  in  1888 
a  director  of  the  Deseret  Agricultural  and  Manufacturing 
Society. 

He  was  acting  Governor  of  the  Territory  for  all  but  five 
days  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  1882,  and  for  one-half 
the  session  of  1884;  was  appointed  in  December,  1886,  a 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OfPlClALS.  427 

member  of  the  Utah  commission  to  succeed  A.  S.  Paddock, 
elected  U.  S.  Senator  from  Nebraska;  and  in  April,  1889,  he 
was  tendered  by  the  President  the  office  of  Governor  of  Utah, 
and  qualified  on  May  6th,  1889. 

Governor  Thomas  has  been  a  remarkably  active  and 
useful  public  official,  and  the  evidences  of  his  work  are  to  be 
found  in  every  department  of  our  Territorial  and  State  govern- 
ment for  a  period  covering  nearly  twenty-five  years.  Partic- 
ulary  is  this  to  be  seen  in  the  public  buildings  erected.  He 
was  the  chairman  of  the  commission  which  selected  the  plans 
and  commenced  the  erection  of  the  present  modern  equipped 
State  Penitentiary;  also  of  the  board  which  completed  the 
Reform  School  buildings;  the  Agricultural  Exposition  building 
on  the  loth  Ward  square;  one  of  the  additions  to  the  Insane 
Asylum,  and  also  the  first  of  the  great  Agricultural  College 
buildings  at  Logan,  Utah.  The  college's  building  history  is 
unique  in  one  respect;  the  plans  were  selected  and  the  building 
completed  by  the  board,  of  which  Governor  Thomas  was  the 
chairman,  within  the  appropriation  and  a  surplus  was  returned 
to  the  treasury.  He  has  also  had  much  to  do  with  the  work 
of  simplifying  many  of  the  laws.  He  drafted  the  bill  which 
abolished  the  cumbersome  system  of  having  the  people  pay 
city,  county  and  school  taxes  at  different  offices  and  times; 
he  also  drafted  the  bill  which  radically  changed  the  tax  sale 
laws,  reducing  the  expense  to  the  non-payers.  He  drafted  the 
law  compiling  and  simplifying  the  corporation  laws.  In  short, 
his  energetic  work  for  good  can  be  found  in  every  depart- 
ment of  the  fiscal  system  of  the  State. 

In  1885  acting  Governor  Thomas  was  placed  in  a  trying 
position  by  the  action  of  the  Federal  Court  in  the  celebrated 
Hopt  case.  The  court  had  refused  to  perform  a  plain  duty 
and  grant  Hopt  a  stay  of  sentence,  pending  his  appeal  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  Hopt  appealed  to 
acting  Governor  Thomas  for  a  respite.  The  people  became 
greatly  excited  and  demanded  that  the  murderer  be  executed. 
The  streets  were  thronged  on  the  morning  of  the  day  fixed 


428  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

for  the  execution,  and  a  great  mass  meeting  was  held  in  the 
Walker  Opera  House  which  adopted  resolutions  demanding 
that  the  law  be  allowed  to  take  its  course  and  Hopt  be  exe- 
cuted. In  the  face  of  this  popular  clamor  Governor  Thomas 
decided  the  prisoner  was  entitled  under  the  law  to  a  respite, 
and  granted  it.  He  was  at  first  severely  condemned,  but 
public  opinion  rapidly  changed,  and  his  course  was  applauded. 
The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  subsequently  granted 
Hopt  a  new  trial,  thus  vindicating  the  Governor's  action  in 
the  most  pronounced  and  authoritative  way. 

He  approved  the  first  absolutely  free  school  law  in  the 
Territory.  His  reports  to  the  Government  were  comprehen- 
sive and  voluminous,  and  in  these  respects  unique  and  valuable 
as  compared  with  those  of  most  of  his  predecessors,  and  his 
messages  to  the  Legislature  always  commanded  approval. 

Mr.  Thomas,  while  by  no  means  backward  in  insisting 
that  the  laws  be  obeyed,  was  never  a  fire-eater  like  many  other 
"Liberals,"  and  always  gave  the  Mormons  fair  treatment. 
His  uprightness  and  impartiality  made  him  both  friends  and 
enemies,  but  neither  caused  him  to  swerve  from  the  plain  line 
of  his  duty  as  he  saw  it.  He  was  appointed  postmaster  in 
January,  1888,  by  President  McKinley  and  re-appointed  in 
1902  by  President  Roosevelt.  In  his  present  office  he  is  effi- 
cient, affable  and  obliging  and  has  added  much  to  the  service 
here. 


WILLIAM  GLASMANN. 

[Portrait  on  page  157.] 

THE  Mayor  of  Ogden,  who  is  also  an  ex-Legislator  and 
editor  of  the  Standard,  was  born  November  12,  1858,  at 
Davenport,  Iowa.  In  1871,  at  the  early  age  of  thirteen  years, 
he  took  the  advice  of  Horace  Greeley,  "Go  west,  young  man> 
and  grow  up  with  the  country."  He  served  an  apprenticeship 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  429 

of  three  years  at  the  saddlery  and  harness-making  trade,  and 
then,  following  the  path  of  many  journeymen  saddlers,  traveled 
through  the  country  working  at  his  trade  in  every  State  and 
Territory  west  of  the  Mississippi  river  during  the  years  up  to 
1880,  when  he  came  to  Utah,  where  he  has  since  resided,  ex- 
cept for  eighteen  months  spent  in  Montana. 

During  the  boom  years  of  the  capital  city,  iSSp-'po,  his 
firm  (Lynch  &  Glasmann),  becoming  over-confident  like  many 
speculators,  purchased  property  at  the  topmost  figure  and 
when  the  boom  collapsed,  the  shrinking  values  forced  a  disso- 
lution of  the  firm,  followed  by  a  division  of  their  property  and 
a  large  amount  of  debts.  In  the  division  to  Mr.  Glasmann  fell 
a  herd  of  a  hundred  buffalo  and  a  beautiful  ranch  at  Lake 
Point,  in  Tooele  County,  and  he  promptly  removed  to  the 
ranch,  where  he  became  a  successful  buffalo  breeder  and 
lucern  farmer,  remaining  there  until  the  fall  of  1892,  when  he 
took  up  the  cause  of  the  Republican  party.  He  was  selected 
as  the  advance  agent  of  Senator  Frank  J.  Cannon's  first  polit- 
ical campaign,  and  was  the  first  Republican  speaker  who 
visited  southern  Utah.  During  that  campaign  he  organized 
Republican  clubs  in  almost  every  county  in  the  State. 

After  the  defeat  of  Cannon  for  Congress,  the  Ogden 
Standard  was  about  to  go  to  the  wall  under  an  indebtedness 
very  heavy.  The  friendship  of  Frank  Cannon  and  William 
Glasmann  was  then  quite  pronounced,  and  the  result  was  Mr. 
Glasmann  placed  himself  under  the  Standard  burden,  and  on' 
January  i,  1893,  he  became  the  business  manager.  The  buf- 
talo  herd  was  gradually  absorbed  by  the  Standard,  being  sold 
and  scattered  to  all  parts  of  the  world,  twelve  head,  the  last 
of  the  famous  one  hundred,  being  sold  to  John  E.  Dooly  and 
White  &  Sons,  Salt  Lake,  and  placed  on  Antelope  island  in  the 
Great  Salt  Lake.  The  ranch  also  went  by  the  way  of  mort- 
gage into  printer's  ink.  In  1894  Mr.  Cannon  stepped  out  of 
the  editorship  of  the  Standard,  and  Mr.  Glasmann  became 
editor  and  manager.  He  at  once  became  a  noted  writer. 
When  the  "soup  house  days"  were  on  the  land  and  the  indus- 


430  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

trial  army  was  crossing  the  continent  from  San  Francisco, 
under  General  Kelly,  they  were  halted  at  Ogden  by  Governor 
West,  who  brought  with  him  the  Utah  militia  with  their  Gatling 
guns  and  attempted  to  turn  back  towards  California  the 
"Commonwealers."  Mr.  Glasmann  here  showed  his  sympathy 
and  espoused  the  cause  of  the  1,500  men  who  were  housed 
in  the  stock-yards,  and  in  earnest  and  patriotic  editorials 
aroused  the  sympathy  of  the  people  to  such  an  extent  that  in 
spite  of  the  Governor,  his  soldiers  and  their  Gatling  guns,  the 
industrial  army  marched  through  the  city  led  by  Mr.  Glas- 
mann and  the  Mayor  of  Ogden  City  and  escorted  by  hundreds 
of  citizens,  taking  up  their  march  again  toward  the  capital  of 
the  Nation.  When  the  poor  fellows  were  marching  through 
the  streets  barefooted  and  barebacked,  Mr.  Glasmann  called 
on  the  citizens  to  provide  for  them  necessary  wearing  apparel, 
and  directed  that  contributions  be  sent  to  the  Standard  office. 
Nine  wagon  loads  of  clothing  and  seven  of  food  were  the 
contributions  of  one  day,  sufficient  to  clothe  and  feed  the  en- 
tire army,  and  leaving  enough  to  supply  the  second  army  of 
300  men  under  General  Smith.  This  fearless  championship 
of  these  poor,  defenseless  men  was  one  of  the  acts  of  Mr.  Glas- 
mann's  life  of  which  he  is  proud.  The  industrial  army  voted 
resolutions  of  thanks,  the  people  of  Ogden  at  a  great  mass 
meeting  crowned  him  with  the  title  "The  Defender  of  the 
People's  Rights,"  and  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  tendered 
its  thanks  to  Mr.  Glasmann,  because  Governor  West  intended 
to  force  the  railway  to  haul  these  men  back  to  California 
against  their  will. 

Acts  like  these  advanced  the  Standard  with  the  people 
of  Ogden,  and  the  paper  became  self-supporting  and  has  pros- 
pered in  spite  of  the  opposition  brought  against  it. 

Mr.  Glasmann  believes  in  Utah  and  her  future.  He  found 
his  wife  in  Salt  Lake  City  and  his  children  were  born  here. 
He  believes  in  home  industry  and  is  energetic  and  enterprising. 
It  was  largely  through  his  energy  and  the  influence  of  the 
Standard  that  the  half-million  dollar  sugar  factory  was  built 


SIA'lE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  431 

at  Ogden.  Mr.  Glasmann  has  made  a  host  of  enemies.  At. 
one  time,  for  instance,  he  had  ten  libel  suits  against  him,  seven 
of  them  asking  for  $140,000  in  damages  and  three  criminal 
suits,  from  all  of  which  he  successfully  freed  himself .  Only 
a  few  years  ago  his  enemies  were  numerous,  yet  notwithstand- 
ing, the  Republican  county  convention  of  Weber  County,  held 
at  Ogden,  February  24,  1900,  sent  a  delegation  to  the  State 
Republican  Congressional  Convention  unanimously  instructed 
to  vote  and  work  for  his  nomination  for  Congress,  and  he  re- 
ceived 91  votes.  At  the  following  Republican  State  Conven- 
tion he  made  a  strong  effort  to  secure  the  nomination,  and 
claims  that  but  for  treachery  and  unjustifiable  opposition  he 
would  have  secured  it.  The  same  year  he  received  the  unani- 
mous nomination  of  his  county  for  the  Legislature  and  wa 
elected,  running  ahead  of  his  ticket.  He  was  chosen  Speaker  of 
that,  the  fourth,  Legislature  and  made  a  good  record.  Hardly 
had  the  Legislature  adjourned  when  he  was  proposed  for  Mayor 
of  Ogden  and  was  the  first  Republican  to  be  elected  in  ten 
years,  carrying  the  entire  Republican  ticket  with  him.  AS 
Mayor  he  is  now  known  as  "Economy  Bill"  and  "Veto  Bill,' 
on  account  of  the  rigid  economy  and  the  many  vetoes  he  has 
sent  to  the  City  Council.  His  first  annual  message  sent  to 
the  City  Council  shows  that  in  twelve  months,  without  in- 
creased taxes,  the  city's  debt  decreased  $48,725,  this  being  a 
record.  He  is  concededly  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the 
State. 


R.  C.  LUND,  STATE  EQUALIZATION  BOARD. 

AT  New  Diggings,  Wisconsin,  on  May  29,  1847,  Robert 
Charles  Lund  arrived  on  this  stage  of  action.  In  1850  his 
parents  removed  to  Utah  and  made  it  their  home,  having  pre- 


432 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


viously  been  converted  to  the  faith  of  the  Latter-day  Saints. 
He  attended  school  in  winter  time  and  worked  on  a  farm  in 
summer  till  1861,  when  his  father  was  called  to  go  to  "Dixie" 
and  settle  up  the  country.  At  St.  George,  which  became  the 
permanent  home  of  the  family,  Robert  again  went  to  school 
and  ranched.  In  1865  he  went  to  the  telegraph  school  estab- 
lished by  President  Young  and  kept  by  John  C.  Clowes, 
in  Salt  Lake  City,  graduating  in  the  front  rank,  and  upon  the 
opening  of  the  Deseret  Telegraph  line  was  assigned  to  the 
St.  George  office,  which  he  held  for  several  years;  subse- 
quently, he  had  charge  of  the 
Pioche  office  and  that  at 
Silver  Reef,  at  which  latter 
place,  as  one  of  the  firm  of 
Woolley,  Lund  &  Judd,  he 
engaged  extensively  in  the 
business  of  merchandising 
and  banking.  Was  elected 
Mayor  of  St.  George  in  1875 
and  served  two  terms,  during 
which  time  he  was  elected  to 
the  Territorial  Legislative 
Council  and  served  in  it  for 
two  terms,  giving  his  constit- 
uents ample  satisfaction  on 
every  occasion.  In  the  first 
Presidential  election  in  1896 
he  was  chosen  an  Elector  on 
R.  c.  LUND.  the  Democratic  ticket  and 

president  of  the  college.     In 

the  winter  of  the  same  year  he  was  chosen  by  the  Legislature 
as  one  of  two  commissioners  to  proceed  to  Arizona  and  nego- 
tiate for  the  strip  of  territory  lying  north  of  the  Colorado 
river,  and  after  this  was  appointed  by  Governor  Wells  to 
his  present  position,  that  of  member  of  the  State  Board  of 
Equalization,  of  which  he  has  been  president  from  the 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  433 

first.      He    had    been    a    member    of   the    Territorial    board 
throughout. 

Mr.  Lund  has  been  and  is  extensively  engaged  in  mining 
and  stock  raising  in  Utah,  Arizona  and  Nevada.  He  was 
married  in  1870  to  Mary  Romney  and  has  six  boys  and  three 
girls  living.  Personally  he  is  a  large,  heavy  man,  quite  af- 
fable in  disposition,  and  has  any  amount  of  friends  among 
people  of  all  shades  of  opinion. 


E.  M.  ALLISON,  JR..  STATE  SENATOR. 

[Portrait  on  page  107.] 

THE  President  of  the  State  Senate  and  thereby  contin- 
gently the  acting  Governor  of  the  State  is  Edward  M.  Allison, 
formerly  of  Ogden  but  now  of  Salt  Lake  City.  He  was  born 
at  Lehi,  Utah,  December  13,  1863.  Shortly  afterward  his 
parents  moved  to  Coalville,  Summit  County,  where  young 
Allison  grew  to  manhood.  He  attended  the  University  of 
Deseret,  then  returned  to  Coalville,  where  he  taught  school 
and  read  law  under  the  direction  of  J.  L.  Rawlins;  served  as 
County  Attorney  of  Summit  County  from  1884  to  1886,  and 
in  1888  went  to  Ogden,  where  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
the  late  Judge  Emerson.  After  the  latter's  death  in  1889,  he 
associated  himself  with  J.  N.  Kimball,  and  later  with  C.  C. 
Richards,  which  partnership  was  recently  dissolved. 

Mr.  Allison  has  ever  been  prominent  in  Weber  County 
politics  since  his  residence  in  Ogden.  In  1891  he  was  elected 
to  the  City  Council,  and  the  same  year  was  appointed  assis- 
tant United  States  Attorney.  He  was  a  member  of  the  upper 
house  of  the  first  State  Legislature,  and  was  City  Attorney  of 
Ogden  for  some  time.  He  was  again  elected  to  the  Senate 
in  November,  1900,  and  on  the  assembling  of  the  Fifth  Legis- 


434  UTAH  AS  11  IS. 

lature  was   chosen  President   of  the  Senate.     He  is   now  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Sutherland,  Van  Cott  &  Allison. 


AQUILA  NEBEKER,  EX-STATE  SENATOR. 

[Portrait  on  page  107.', 

MR.  NEBEKER  was  born  in  Salt  Lake  City,  his  parents 
being  John  Nebeker  and  Lovena  Fitzgerald,  both  Pioneers  of 
1847.  His  father  was  the  first  man  to  reap  wheat  and  grind 
it  into  flour  in  Utah.  The  ex-Senator  was  very  energetic 
among  the  settlements  of  Utah  and  had  soon  acquired  holdings 
in  the  "Dixie"  country,  Kane  County,  in  the  south  and  Rich 
County  in  the  north,  as  well  as  intermediate  localities.  He 
was  educated  in  the  district  schools  and  later  finished  his  scien- 
tific studies  in  the  Deseret  University.  When  twenty  years 
old  he  was  professionally  engaged  as  a  mining  engineer  in 
the  development  of  Silver  Reef,  which  made  such  a  wonder- 
ful record.  Later,  he  became  identified  with  the  stock  and 
agricultural  interests  of  the  State,  which  interests  spread  into 
adjoining  States,  and  this  along  with  his  mining  interests  has 
made  him  one  of  the  successful  and  prosperous  citizens  of  Utah 

Senator  Nebeker's  life  has  been  one  of  activity  and 
wide  range.  He  has  held  county  offices  and  several  terms  in 
the  Legislature,  Territorial  and  State,  in  the  second  and  third 
assemblies  of  the  latter  being  President  of  the  Senate,  a  posi- 
tion which  he  filled  with  marked  ability.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention  which  framed  the  State's 
charter.  His  record  shows  him  to  be  one  of  the  broad-minded 
able  and  successful  men  of  Utah. 


W.  G.  NEBEKER,  EX-STATE  SENATOR. 

[Portrait  on  page  107.] 

THIS  member  of  the  well  known  and  respected  Nebeker 
family  is  a  Utah  man  in  every  respect.     His  parents,  George 


S1A1E  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  435 

Nebeker  and  Maria  Dilworth,  were  Pioneers  of  1847  and 
typical  of  the  thorough,  substantial  American,  having  de- 
scended from  Revolutionary  stock  and  being  full  of  the  spirit 
of  expansion  and  empire  building.  The  ex-Senator  was  born 
in  Salt  Lake  City.  His  childhood  was  spent  with  his  parents 
in  the  Hawaiian  islands  and  his  youthful  days  in  Utah.  His 
education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools  and  the  Univer- 
sity of  Utah,  where  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  take  up  the 
advanced  scientific  studies.  As  a  young  man  he  was  identi- 
fied with  his  father  in  the  promotion  and  building  of  irrigating 
canals,  reclaiming  arid  land,  etc.,  which  was  then  a  crude 
idea,  since  developed  into  what  is  now  recognized  as  essential 
to  the  full  development  of  Utah.  His  first  work  of  a  profes- 
sional nature  was  in  the  mining  and  metallurgical  field,  which 
he  has  followed  with  success  and  which  profession  has 
necessitated  extensive  travel  and  research  both  at  home  and 
abroad.  In  a  public  way  he  has  also  been  very  active.  At 
the  time  of  the  division  of  the  people  on  national  political  lines 
he  was  energetic  and  welcomed  the  new  order  of  things.  He 
has  held  a  number  of  public  stations  besides  one  under  the 
Government — Internal  Revenue  Collector.  He  served  with 
distinctive  ability  in  the  State  Senate  from  1896  to  1900, 
making  a  record  for  advocacy  of  high  standards  in  political 
and  practical  affairs. 


JUDGE  JOHN  E.  BOOTH. 

[Portrait  on  page  207.] 

JUDGE  BOOTH  is  a  son  of  Richard  L.  and  Elsie  Edge 
Booth,  and  was  born  at  Bedfordleigh,  Lancashire,  England, 
on  June  29,  1847.  His  Utah  advent  occurred  on  September 
12,  1857.  He  first  lived  in  Utah  County,  then  in  Salt  Lake 
County  where  for  some  time  he  followed  the  occupation  of 
shepherd — not  to  an  ecclesiastical  but  to  a  wooJ-producing 


436  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

flock.  He  attained  to  the  former  distinction,  however,  some 
years  later,  being  Bishop  of  the  Fourth  Ward  of  Provo  from 
1877  to  1895.  In  1866  he  acquired  military  honors  in  the 
noted  Black  Hawk  war,  in  Sanpete  and  Sevier  counties.  In 
1868  he  attended  the  school  at  Draper,  Salt  Lake  County, 
kept  by  the  late  Dr.  John  R.  Park,  and  in  1869-70  he  attended 
the  Deseret  University.  The  two  following  years  he  taught 
school  in  Davis  County,  afterwards  in  the  University  at  Provo. 
For  a  little  over  a  year  he  served  as  a  missionary  in  the  North- 
ern States  and  was  subsequently  president  of  that  mission 
for  two  years.  He  has  held  an  array  of  offices  almost  too 
long  to  enumerate,  and  embracing  all  three  departments  of 
government.  Upon  the  resignation  of  Judge  W.  N.  Dusen- 
berry  from  the  bench  of  the  Fourth  district,  in  May,  1899, 
Judge  Booth  was  appointed  to  the  vacancy,  and  he  was 
elected  to  it  for  the  full  term  in  the  general  election  of  1900. 
Personally,  Judge  Booth  is  one  of  the  most  accessible  and 
agreeable  men  in  public  life.  He  is  always  in  a  good  humor 
and  diffuses  an  influence  of  geniality  wherever  he  holds  forth. 


JAMES  CLOVE,  P.  M. 

[Portrait  on  page  207.] 

MR.  CLOVE,  who  "holds  down"  the  post  office  at  Provo 
in  a  manner  acceptable  to  Uncle  Sam  and  all  the  people  of 
that  goodly  town,  is  a  native  of  Nevada,  having  been  born  in 
Panacea  in  1866.  In  1873  his  parents  moved  to  and  settled 
on  the  upper  Sevier,  near  Panguitch.  He  there  went  to 
school,  having  as  a  preceptor  George  Dodds,  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Edinburgh.  He  took  a  term  in  the  Deseret 
University  for  the  normal  course,  then  taught  school  in 
Southern  Utah  for  two  years,  after  which  he  spent  nearly 
three  years  on  a  mission  to  Turkey,  during  which  he  traveled 
through  seventeen  different  countries  of  Europe,  taking  in  the 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


437 


great  Paris  Exposition  of  1889.  Returning,  he  worked  as 
reporter  on  the  Salt  Lake  Herald  tor  a  year,  then  went  to 
Provo,  where  he  became  editor  of  the  Enquirer,  a  position  he 
held  till  appointed  postmaster  in  1901.  During  his  incumbency 
he  has  installed  the  free  delivery  system  and  accomplished 
many  other  improvements,  being  a  thoroughly  efficient  and 
popular  official.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Lizzie  Ivie  in  1892 
and  has  done  his  part  toward  standing  off  race  suicide,  his 
contribution  to  the  cause  (so  far)  being  half  a  dozen  healthy 
children. 


JAMES  THOMSON,  EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 

MR.  THOMSON  was  born  in  the  county  of  Sussex,  England, 
on   March    13,    1843,   and    came  to  Utah  in  1862;  has  grown 

from  one  of  the  toilers  under 
hard  circumstances  up  to  a 
man  of  affairs  in  the  business 
world  and  an  entity  in  polit- 
ical circles;  he  is  an  earnest 
and  uncompromising  uphol- 
der of  the  Declaration  of 
Independance,  especially  that 
part  which  declares  that  all 
men  are  created  free  and 
equal,  and  a  part  of  his  time 
and  ability  have  been  given 
in  the  direction  of  making 
them  so  in  reality.  He  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  the 
second  State  Legislature  as 
a  Populist,  where  he  became 
a  most  active  member;  he 
JAMES  THOMSON.  introduced  and  earnestly  ad- 


438  U1AH  AS  II  IS. 

vocated  several  reform  measures,  notably  the  initiative  and 
referendum.  He  is  also  an  earnest  advocate  of  municipal  and 
government  ownership  of  the  public  utilities  and  the  reduction 
of  taxation  to  a  minimum. 


JOSEPH  E.  TAYLOR,  EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 

[Portrait  on  page  112.] 

THIS  gentleman  is  not  a  Pioneer,  but  nearly  so,  having 
reached  Utah  in  1851.  England  is  his  native  land,  but  he  is 
not  particularly  English,  you  know,  for  all  that.  He  first  saw 
the  light  of  day  on  December  n,  1830,  in  the  town  of  Hor- 
sham,  county  of  Sussex.  He  was  educated  in  the  national 
schools  and  joined  the  Mormon  Church  when  only  seventeen 
years  of  age.  He  was  at  once  set  to  laboring  in  the  vineyard 
as  a  missionary  in  his  own  country  and  did  so  continuously  for 
about  four  years,  when  he  set  sail  for  America.  Arriving  in 
Salt  Lake  he  soon  engaged  in  the  furniture  business,  which 
he  continued  at  until  1864,  when  he  began  the  undertaking 
business,  at  which  he  is  still  engaged,  having  the  largest  and 
most  complete  establishment  of  the  kind  in  Utah.  The  fac- 
tory gives  employment  to  several  men  and  is  one  of  the  best 
appointed  and  most  extensive  in  the  whole  country. 

Mr.  Taylor  was  appointed  City  Sexton  in  1864  and  con- 
tinued in  that  office  till  1889.  He  has  held  several  positions 
in  his  Church  and  is  at  this  time  a  counselor  to  President 
Angus  M.  Cannon  of  Salt  Lake  Stake  of  Zion.  He  was 
e'ected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1896  as  a  Democrat  and 
was  at  once  recognized  as  the  dean  of  the  House.  He  occu- 
pied the  chair  oftener  than  any  other  member  except  the 
speaker  himself  and  showed  decided  aptness  as  a  parliamen- 
tarian .  while  on  the  floor  he  was  always  a  ready  and  effective 
debater  and  steadfast  worker.  He  was  one  of  the  "Rawlins' 
pull.'  meaning  the  thirty-two  members  who  elected  Joseph 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  439 

L.  Rawlins  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  the  memorable 
struggle  of  1897.  Mr.  Taylor  carries  his  years  well,  is  vigor- 
ous, healthy  and  active,  and  is  always  well  to  the  front  on  all 
questions  requiring  the  exercise  of  public  spirit  and  breadth  of 
view.  He  has  a  large  family  who  have  as  a  whole  and  in 
detail  been  given  all  the  advantages  necessary  to  the  making 
of  life  what  it  should  be — a  condition  of  advancement  along  all 
the  lines  leading  to  real  happiness  and  genuine  prosperity. 


MRS.  A.  M.  HORNE,  EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 

[Portrait  on  page  112.] 

MRS.  ALICE  MERRILL  HORNE,  whose  portrait  appears 
in  one  of  our  Legislative  groups,  is  one  of  Utah's  women 
who  have  grown  up  out  of  humble  beginnings  and  limited 
opportunities.  She  was  born  in  a  cabin  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  State,  then  Territory,  on  January  2,  1868.  She  is  a 
granddaughter  of  President  George  A.  Smith  and  Bathsheba 
W.  Smith,  both  prominent  in  the  organizations  and  councils  of 
the  Mormon  Church,  and  both  builders  of  the  foundation  of 
that  great  structure  which  all  the  civilized  world  now  recog- 
nizes as  the  State  of  Utah.  At  the  early  age  of  fourteen  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  the  metropolis  of  the  common- 
wealth. Salt  Lake  City,  having  already  had  considerable  ex- 
perience in  the  practical  manner  of  doing  things,  which  her 
Church  enjoins  and  encourages,  relating  to  the  upbuilding  of 
organizations  looking  to  the  moral,  mental  and  substantial 
training  of  the  young  people.  She  entered  the  University  of 
Deseret  and  graduated  in  1887.  She  became  the  wife  of 
George  H.  Home  in  1891,  and  taught  school  while  he 
was  on  a  mission  to  foreign  lands.  Having  a  taste  for 
the  artistic  and  better  side  of  life,  with  a  desire  to  promote  it 
by  substantial  and  real  means,  she  engaged  in  politics,  and 
was  elected  to  the  third  State  Legislature,  where  her  efforts 


440  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

resulted,  among  other  things,  in  the  law  creating  the  Utah 
Art  Institute,  the  good  results  of  which  have  already  been 
manifested  in  numerous  ways.  She  was  recognized  through- 
out as  a  keen-sighted,  clear-headed  Legislator,  one  who  knew 
what  to  do  at  the  right  time  and  in  the  proper  way.  She  is 
popular  and  affable  to  all,  and  her  picture  tells  the  rest. 


INGWALD  C.  THORESEN,  EX-REPRESENTATIVE 

[Portrait  on  page  112.] 

MR.  THORESEN  is  a  native  of  Norway,  having  been  born 
in  the  capital  city,  Christiania,  in  1852.  He  acquired  the  foun- 
dation of  a  good  education  in  the  public  schools  of  that  city, 
attending  them  until  1863,  when  his  parents  emigrated  to  the 
United  States,  naturally  bringing  him  along  with  them.  They 
came  to  Utah  and  went  at  once  to  Cache  County,  where  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  has  resided  ever  since,  his  home  being 
in  Hyrum.  Mr.  Thoresen,  since  his  arrival  at  later  boyhood, 
has  been  self-supporting.  His  first  ten  years  in  this  country 
were  spent  first  on  a  farm,  then  at  railroading  and  mining 
during  the  summer  months  and  attending  school  in  the  winter. 
He  graduated  from  the  Cache  Valley  Academy  at  Logan  in 
1873  and  at  once  became  principal  of  the  academy  of  his  own 
town.  His  school  teaching  experience  has  been  somewhat 
extensive,  and  he  was  at  different  times  County  Attorney, 
Surveyor,  Commissioner  and  Mayor  of  Hyrum  City.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conventions  of 
1882,  1887  arjd  1895  and  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives in  the  second  State  Legislature,  in  all  of  which 
he  rendered  able  service.  He  knows  nearly  all  there  is  to 
know  about  farming  and  is  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm  near 
Hyrum.  He  is  well  read  in  the  law  and  would  make  a  suc- 
cessful practitioner  if  he  turned  his  attention  that  way.  He  is 
an  enthusiast  on  the  subject  of  good  roads,  irrigation  and  in- 


SI  AIL  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  441 

ternal  improvement  generally,  and  is  decidedly  a  useful  citizen. 
At  present  he  is  a  member  of  the  Presidency  of  Hyrum  Stake 
in  the  Mormon  Church. 


BYRON  GROO,  LAND  COMMISSIONER. 

[Portrait  on  page  157.] 

MR.  GROO  was  born  August  IT,  1849,  at  Grahamsville, 
Sullivan  county,  New  York,  his  parents  being  Isaac  Groo 
and  Sarah  E.  Gillett  Groo.  He  came  to  Salt  Lake  in  1854, 
and  has  resided  here  ever  since.  His  education  was  such  as 
could  be  obtained  in  the  ward  school  in  winter,  by  a  year  at 
Prof.  Bartlett  Tripp's  school,  in  1865,  and  a  year  at  the  Uni- 
versity, in  1870,  under  Dr.  Park.  In  1866  he  volunteered  in 
the  Black  Hawk  Indian  war,  serving  that  summer  in  Sanpete 
and  returning  home  with  his  scalp  and  a  lieutenant's  commis- 
sion. He  went  to  ward  night  school  in  the  winter  of  1866-7, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1868  went  to  work  on  the  U.  P.  railway, 
where  his  father  had  a  grading  contract,  Byron  having  charge 
of  the  offices.  In  1870  he  was  Supervisor  of  Streets  and 
City  Watermaster;in  1871  was  deputy  Territorial  and  deputy 
City  Marshal,  resigning  in-  the  winter  of  1872  at  the  solicita- 
tion of  E.  L.  Sloan,  of  honored  memory,  to  take  a  position  as 
reporter  on  the  Herald,  becoming  editor  three  years  later 
and  so  continuing  until  October,  1892.  In  June,  1893,  he 
was  appointed  Register  of  the  Land  Office  by  President 
Cleveland  and  served  till  1897,  having  been  appointed  early 
in  that  year  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Land  Commis- 
sioners by  Governor  Wells  and  being  re-appointed  in  1899, 
1901  and  1903.  He  has  been  Secretary  of  the  Board  since 
the  beginning  of  1898. 

In  business  Mr.  Groo  is  a  director  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Utah,  Vice  President  of  the  Utah  Commercial  and  Savings 

Bank,  Salt  Lake,  and  director  of   the  Lehi  Commercial  and 
20 


442  U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 

Savings  Bank.  In  1875  ne  was  married  to  Miss  Julia  Suth- 
erland, a  daughter  of  the  eminent  jurist,  J.  G.  Sutherland, 
and  the  union  has  been  a  most  happy  one.  Mr.  Groo  is  a 
popular,  level-headed  man,  whose  friends  are  found  in  every 
walk  of  life  and  among  people  of  aJl  shades  of  opinion. 


M.  A.  BREEDEN.  ATTORNEY  GENERAL. 

[Portrait  on  page  118.] 

MR.  BREEDEN,  is  a  native  of  Kentucky.  He  attended 
school  at  Maysville  and  also  at  the  Mt.  Zion  Seminary  of 
Illinois,  and  added  to  his  schooling  by  home  study,  making 
good  progress.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  he  is  in  every 
essential  respect  self-made,  having  earned  his  own  living 
since  he  was  twelve  years  old.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Sante  Fe,  N.  M.,  after  having  taught  school  in  that  city 
for  several  years  and  practiced  his  profession  there  for 
fifteen  years,  having  been  the  prosecuting  attorney  for  the 
northern  portion  of  the  Territory  and  having  suits  of  great 
importance  in  all  the  courts  of  the  Territory  as  well  as  in  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  It  is  a  matter  of 
record  that  during  his  incumbency  as  prosecutor  he  had 
excellent  success  and  sent  up  more  transgressors  than  any 
of  his  predecessors  ever  did.  His  next  holdforth  was  at 
Ogden,  where  he  took  a  prominent  position  at  the  bar  and  in 
politics.  He  was  from  the  first  opposed  to  the  old  fight  on 
religious  lines  and  has  the  honor  of  having  been  one  of  the 
first  to  advocate  division  on  national  party  lines  of  politics. 
He  was  elected  as  a  Republican  to  the  last  Legislative  Coun- 
cil of  the  Territory  and  was  chosen  President  of  that  body. 
In  the  electian  of  1900  he  was  elected  Attorney  General  of 
the  State  and  pursuant  thereto  removed  to  Salt  Lake  City  on 
January  7,  1901.  His  record  in  this  office  has  been  an 
admirable  one.  He  has  shown  ability  and  discretion  in  the 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


443 


discharge  of  the  duties   of   the  office,  and  is  a  courteous  and 
dignified  officer. 

JUDGE  C.  W.  MORSE. 

JUDGE  MORSE  is  a  native  of  Illinois,  having  been 
born  at  Cambridge,  Henry  County,  on  December  29,  1856. 
He  received  a  good  education  and  took  up  the  study  of  law, 
commencing  active  practice  at  Wellington,  Kansas,  in  1879] 
He  came  to  Salt  Lake  City  in  November,  1888,  and  opened 
an  office  here,  building  up  a  fine  practice  at  once  and  contin- 
uing in  it  till  the  beginning 
of  1901,  having  in  the  pre- 
ceding general  election  been 
chosen  to  the.  bench  of  the 
Third  District  Court  where, 
as  well  as  professionally  and 
privately,  he  has  been  sig- 
nally upright,  able  and  fair. 
He  is  one  of  the  most  pleas- 
ant men  in  public  life, 
never  loses  his  temper  or 
shows  the  slightest  annoy- 
ance however  trying  a  situ- 
ation may  be;  he  rules  on 
disputed  points  quickly  and 
accurately  and|  has  been 
sustained  in  nearly  if  not 
quite  every  appeal  taken 

C.    W.    MORSE.  fr°m     hiS    COUrt«        He     WaS 

elected    as    a    Republican, 
but  knows  no  politics  or  politicians  as  such  on  the  bench. 


JUDGE  S.  W.  STEWART. 

SAMUEL  W.  STEWART,  District  Judge  of  the  Third  Judicial 
District,    was   born  at  Draper,  Salt  Lake  County,   May   21, 


444 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


1867.     He  is  a  son  of  Isaac  M.  and  Elizabeth  White  Stewart, 
who  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Salt  Lake  valley.     His 
father   was    a   member  of  the  County  Court   of    Salt    Lake 
County  for  a  number  of  years  and  was  in  the  early  days  of  the 
county  active  in  the  educational  and  industrial  affairs  thereof. 
Judge    Stewart's    boyhood    days   were   spent  upon    his 
father's  farm,  where  he  early  learned   the  lessons  of  industry 
and    perseverance.     He    at- 
tended the  district  schools  of 
his    native  town    and  was   a 
student  of  the    University    of 
Deseret    during    the     years 
1885-6.     He    taught    in    the 
public  schools  of  the  iftate  for 
three  years   and   entered  the 
law  department   of   the  Uni- 
versity of   Michigan  in  1890, 
graduating  from   that  institu- 
tion in    1892  as  an   L.  L.  B. 
He  began  the  practice  of  law 
in  Salt   Lake    City    in  1893. 
He  was  married  to   Ella  M. 
Nebeker,  daughter  of  George 
and    Maria   L.    Nebeker,    in 
1894.     Judge     Stewart    was 
elected    a    member    of    the 
Third  State  Legislature   and 

served  as  chairman  of  the  judiciary  commiltee  of  the  lower 
house.  Was  the  senior  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Stewart 
&  Stewart  until  elected  to  the  Judgeship  in  1900,  in  which 
capacity  he  has  shown  marked  ability  and  impartiality . 


S.  W.  STEWART. 


L.  W.  SHURTLIFF,  EX-STATE  SENATOR. 

[Portrait  on  page  107.] 
No  FAMILY  name  sounds  more  familiarly  or  pgreeably  to 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  445 

the  long-time  residents  of  Utah  than  that  of  Shurtliff,  and  it  is 
quite  as  well  and  favorably  known  to  more  recent  accessions 
as  any  other  within  the  confines  of  this  goodly  State;  and 
within  the  circle  defined  by  such  name  none  is  better  known 
than  the  one  who  was  christened  Lewis  Warren,  if  even  so 
well  known.  He  reached  this  mundane  sphere  on  a  day  that 
has  since  become  memorable,  and  to  most  Utah  people 
somewhat  sacred — July  24 — the  year  being  1835,  the  place 
Sullivan,  Ashland  county,  Ohio — a  State,  by  the  bye,  which 
has  of  late  years  become  a  successful  rival  of  Virginia  in  the 
matter  of  providing  Presidents  for  the  United  States.  He  is 
of  sturdy  Puritan  stock,  though  his  father  and  mother  were 
members  of  the  Mormon  Church  before  he  arrived  at  years 
of  accountability.  The  family  took  an  active  part  in  the 
work  of  building  up  the  Church  and  were  subjected  to. many 
of  the  trials  and  privations  visited  upon  the  chosen  people  in 
those  days.  They  finally  made  the  overland  trip  and  after 
innumerable  hardships  reached  Salt  Lake  City  on  Sept.  23, 
1851.  Soon  after  they  removed  to  and  settled  in  Weber 
county,  where  they  underwent  all  the  vicissitudes  incidental  to 
pioneering,  Indian  depredations  being  a  conspicuous  and  for 
a  time  continuous  feature.  Having  previously  joined  the 
Church  he  occupied  several  positions  therein  and  was  called 
with  others  on  a  mission  to  Salmon  River,  Idaho,  in  1855,  it 
being  previously  uninhabited,  the  soil  strictly  virgin  and  the 
Indians  as  devilish  as  they  knew  how,  which  is  saying  consid- 
erable. In  one  encounter  two  missionaries  were  kijled,  sev- 
eral wounded  and  all  their  cattle  and  horses  stolen.  They 
were  finally  released  and  Elder  Shurtliff  made  his  way  back 
to  Ogden  in  1858,  while  the  Johnston  expedition  was  en 
route  and  things  generally  somewhat  unsettled.  His  wife 
departed  this  life  in  1866,  and  the  following  year  he  went  on 
a  mission  to  Great  Britain.  His  missionary  work  was  very 
effective,  and  on  his  return  home  he  became  Bishop  of  Plain 
City  and  in  1883  was  promoted  to  the  Presidency  of  Weber 
Stake.  In  1872  he  was  married  to  Emily  W.  Wainwright. 


446  V'TAH  AS  II  IS. 

In  1883  he  was  elected  County  Commissioner  and  held  the 
office  continuously  till  1886,  during  which  time  he  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  and  a  Councilor  in 
the  Territorial  Legislature.  He  was  again  Commissioner, 
also  Probate  Judge  for  two  terms.  In  1896  and  1898  he  was 
a  Senator  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
able,  conservative  and  conscientious  members  of  that  body. 
For  a  long  time  he  has  been  connected  with  the  Trans-Mis- 
sissippi and  National  Irrigation  Congresses  and  in  both  capac- 
ities renders  a  vast  amount  of  good  service  which  the  public 
seldom  hear  of.  Politically,  he  was  a  Democrat  till  1902, 
when  the  anti-expansion  and  some  other  tendencies  of  his 
party  made  him  "take  down  his  sign,"  and  he  became  a 
Republican.  He  is  a  good  citizen  in  any  party. 


R.  K.  THOMAS,  EX-STATE  SENATOR. 

[Portrait  on  page  107.  J 

RICHARD  KENDALL  THOMAS,  the  well  known  citizen  of 
Utah,  was  born  at  St.  Columb,  Cornwall,  England,  June  30, 
1844.  He  was  the  oldest  son,  but  the  third  child,  of  a  family 
of  four  daughters  and  two  sons.  His  mother  was  widowed 
when  he  was  about  six  years  old.  He  is  the  pioneer  to 
America  of  his  immediate  family  and  perhaps  fifty  near  rela- 
tives. Without  a  father  and  with  a  mother  charged  with  the 
raising  of  six  children,  without  much  of  this  world's  goods,  he 
early  in  life  felt  its  responsibilities.  At  thirteen  he  left  school 
and  was  apprenticed  to  the  business  of  linen  and  woolen 
draper  for  four  years.  At  fifteen  he  joined  the  Mormon 
Church,  the  only  one  of  his  family  who  has  embraced  it.  In 
May,  1863,  he  sailed  from  England,  arriving  in  Salt  Lake 
City  in  October  of  that  year.  Having  paid  his  passage  from 
England,  he  had  only  two  dollars  left  on  arriving,  but  was 
the  only  one  of  the  company  who  was  not  a  Church  emigrant. 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  447 

He  had  no  one  to  welcome  him,  and  the  first  night  slept 
under  a  wagon  on  Emigration  square.  In  the  spring  he  was 
employed  by  William  Jennings  to  clerk  in  a  branch  store  at 
Logan.  In  February,  1864,  he  arrived  in  Cache  Valley,  and 
the  first  night  slept  on  the  ground,  the  thermometer  down  to 
zero.  On  the  28th  of  the  following  February  he  was  mar- 
ried in  Logan  to  Caroline  Stockdale  of  Plymouth,  England, 
and  there  are  living  of  this  union  five  sons  and  four  daugh- 
ters. His  experience  from  this  time  to  the  spring  of  1885 
was  varied,  when  he  embarked  in  business  for  himself.  Since 
then  his  name  has  been  familiar  to  thousands  throughout  the 
State,  his  great  and  well-appointed  mercantile  establish- 
ment on  Main  street,  Salt  Lake  City,  being  one  that  has 
made  its  way  to  the  front  rank  in  the  whole  list  of  the  West- 
ern country.  When  the  people  divided  on  party  lines  he 
joined  the  Democratic  party;  was  elected  State  Senator,  and 
served  in  the  third  and  fourth  sessions  of  the  Legislature. 
He  is  Jeffersonian  in  dislike  of  display  and  ostentation.  While 
attached  to  English  soil,  America  is  his  favorite  country  and 
Utah  his  beloved  State,  and  he  thinks  there  is  no-place  like 
Salt  Lake  City  for  a  home. 


J.  B.  WILSON,  STATE  REPRESENTATIVE. 

PROMINENT  among  the  sons  of  Utah's  Pioneers  is  James 
Brigham  Wilson  of  Midway,  Wasatch  County.  Carson  City, 
Nevada,  was  the  scene  of  his  nativity,  and  his  natal  day  Aug- 
ust 22,  in  the  year  1856.  His  parents  were  of  good  old, 
sturdy,  Scotch-Irish  stock.  Their  names  were  James 
T.  Wilson  and  Elizabeth  Ross  Wilson,  and  in  1852  they 
arrived  in  Utah.  In  1855  they  were  called  upon  to  take  part 
in  the  mission  x>f  colonizing  Nevada,  and  thus  it  was  that  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Carson  City.  His  parents, 


448 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


however,  returned  to  Utah  in  1857,  and  Salt  Lake  City 
became  their  permanent  home.  Here,  when  eight  years  of 
age  and  the  eldest  of  five  children,  he  was  bereft  by  death  of 
his  devoted  mother,  but  his  surviving  parent,  though  only  a 
laboring  man,  put  forth  every  effort  to  obtain  for  his  son  the 
best  education  he  could,  and  that  received  in  the  common 
schools  of  the  city  was  supplemented  by  a  course  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Utah  in  1876. 

Young  Wilson  being  now 
at  the  age  of  20,  and  com- 
paratively well  equipped  to 
commence  the  battle  of  life 
on  his  own  account,  went  to 
Park  City  and  became  a 
contractor  in  cord  wood  and 
mining  timber.  For  ten 
years,  with  the  exception  of 
the  winters  of  1880,  '81  and 
'82,  when  he  taught  school 
in  Salt  Lake  City  and  South 
Jordan  nearby,  he  followed 
this  occupation  with  gratify- 
ing success.  On  Sept.  29, 
1881,  he  was  married  in 
Salt  Lake  City  to  Miss  Mar- 
garet Powell,  and  their 
union  has  already  been 
blessed  with  six  children, 
three  of  each  sex. 

Soon  after  his  marriage  Mr.  Wilson  decided  to  seek  out 
a  favorable  location  in  which  to  take  up  land  and  establish 
for  himself  a  permanent  home,  and  his  choice  fell  upon 
Wasatch  County.  In  1884,  therefore,  the  young  couple  moved 
to  Midway  where  he  engaged  in  farming,  stock-raising  and 
at  various  intervals,  wood  and  timber  contracting.  He  has 
always  taken  a  prominent  part  in  county  affairs  and  is  regarded 


C/ 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


449 


as  one  of  the  most  substantial  and  progressive  citizens  of 
that  section.  His  worth  was  fittingly  recognized  by  his  elec- 
tion Nov.  6,  1902,  as  Representative  from  the  Tenth  district 
to  the  Fifth  Legislature,  a  position  he  filled  with  marked 
ability  and  business  acumen.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  staunch 
Republican,  unswerving  in  his  convictions,  and  was  one  of 
the  first  to  declare  for  division  on  party  lines. 


WM.  M'MILLAN,  EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 

MR.  McMiLLAN  was  born  in  the  city  of  Carlisle,  Cumber- 
land county,  England,  August  i,  1852.    Since  as  early  as  1871 

the  gentleman  has  been  a 
railroad  man.  He  com- 
menced service  in  May, 
1871,  with  the  North  East- 
ern Railroad  company  as 
clerk,  near  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne,  and  continued  in  that 
position  until  June  26,  1879, 
at  which  time  he  determined 
to  emigrate  to  America.  He 
arrived  in  New  York  July 
9,  and  in  Salt  Lake  City 
July  i6th  of  the  same  year. 
On  the  second  of  Novem- 
ber, 1879,  he  commenced  in 
the  office  of  the  Utah  Cen- 
tral (now  S.  P.,  L.  A.  & 
S.  L.)  railway  company  at 
Deseret  station,  and  in  the 
fall  of  1880  he  was  advanced 

to  the  office  of  operator  and  train  dispatcher  at  Milford,  an 
mpo  rtant  station,  then  known  as  the  southern  terminus  of 
the-system.  In  the  summer  of  1881  he  was  appointed  agent 


WM. 


450  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

at  Milford,  which  position  he  filled  with  ability  and  faithful- 
ness until  December  12,  1884,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
the  office  of  the  paymaster  and  purchasing  agent  in  this  city. 
After  the  local  lines  here  were  absorbed  by  the  Union 
Pacific  in  1887,  Mr.  McMillan  for  four  years  was  chief  of  the 
motive  power  and  car  departments  in  this  city,  and  left  the  ser- 
ice  of  his  own  accord.  May  20,  1893,  he  entered  the  service  of 
the  Salt  Lake  and  Los  Angeles  Railway  company  as  chief 
clerk,  and  is  now  secretary,  treasurer  and  general  freight  and 
passenger  agent  of  that  company.  He  was  a  member  ot  the 
Fourth  State  Legislature,  and  was  the  author  of  what  is 
known  as  the  anti-compulsory  vaccination  bill,  which  became 
a  law,  being  passed  over  the  Governor's  veto. 

Religiously  he  is  a  Mormon  and  served  four  years  as 
Bishop  at  Milford.  He  is  now  Bishop  of  the  28th  ward  and 
received  his  appointment  February  9,  1902.  He  is  a  well- 
dispositioned,  popular  man. 


SARAH    E.    ANDERSON,   EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 

ONE  of  the  tragedies  of  this  life  was  the  departure  of 
this  estimable  lady  to  the  other  shore  at  a  comparatively 
early  age.  She  was  born  on  the  soil  of  Utah  in  1854  a°d 
died  two  years  ago.  She  was  a  good  deal  of  a  traveler  and 
was  accomplished  much  beyond  the  domain  of  ordinary 
womanhood.  In  1870  she  married  Dr.  P.  L.  Anderson,  an 
intimate  acquaintance  of  the  writer's;  he  died  in  1888,  leaving 
her  with  five  children  to  look  after,  a  sacred  duty  which  was 
sacredly  discharged.  The  children  are  all  attaining  to  the 
best  development  and  giving  promise  of  excellent  careers. 
The  feature  of  her  life  that  stands  out  most  conspicuously, 
apart  from  her  family  relationship,  is  her  contribution  to  the 
law- making  power  of  her  native  State,  having  been  a  member 
of  the  Second  State  Legislature  and  proving  herself  to  be  a 
most  active  and  useful  one.  She  engaged  in  many  beneficial 
enterprises,  among  them  the  beet  raising  industry,  and  in  all 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


451 


financial  and  social  connections  showed  herself  to  be  a 
remarkably  well-poised  and  capable  woman.  Her  picture 
shows  that  she  had  a  fine  appearance  and  it  scarcely  does 

her  justice,  but  of  course 
neither  it  nor  anything  that 
can  be  said  in  words,  can  do 
full  justice  to  the  subject. 
The  daughter  of  one  of  the 
founders  of  this  grand 
domain,  she  could  scarcely 
be  less  than  what  she 
became,  as  with  additional 
years  would  undoubtedly 
have  had  greater  honors. 
Sarah  Elizabeth  Ander- 
son's death  occurred  Dec. 
22,  1900. 

Her  husband  was  known 
as  a  prominent  physician 
throughout  the  West,  she 
being  the  first  lady  Repre- 
sentative in  Utah;  did  not  seek  for  political  fame,  -but 
was  a  staunch  advocate  of  equality  of  man  and  woman. 
Throughout  her  political  career,  her  views  were  not  marked 
with  wavering  indecision,  they  were  thoroughly  formed  and 
remained  firm.  Yet  she  did  not  lose  her  sweet,  womanly 
repose.  She  was  possessed  of  great  personal  magnetism; 
passing  acquaintances  became  warm  friends.  Not  only 
among  the  most  prominent  people,  but  numerously  among 
the  poor  and  needy,  her  name  passed  their  lips  as  a  benedic- 
tion. 


SARAH  E.  ANDERSON. 


J.  R.  MURDOCK,  EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 

THERE  is  no  sturdier,    more    thoroughly  representative 
citizen  of  Utah  than  John    Riggs    Murdock  of  Beaver.      He 


452 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


was  born  Sept.  13,  1826,  in  Cuyahoga  County,  Ohio.  His 
parents  joined  the  Mormon  Church  in  1831,  when  it  was  in 
its  infancy,  and  were  closely  associated  with  the  Prophet 
Joseph  Smith;  through  the  mobbing  which  culminated  in  his 
death  Mr.  Murdock  lost  a  brother,  one  of  twins,  the  other 
being  a  girl.  He  passed  through  many  exigencies  and 
changes  of  location,  having  passed  through  the  persecutions 
of  Illinois  and  Missouri,  finally  starting  West  with  the  Church, 

joining  the  Mormon  Battal- 
ion at  Council  Bluffs  and 
sharing  the  hardships  of  that 
memorable  andterriblemarch 
to  California.  He  came  to 
Salt  Lake  Oct.  12,  1847, 
and  at  once  joined  with  his 
father  in  pioneering  and 
development  work,  having 
helped  to  found  several  set- 
tlements. In  one  of  these. 
Lehi,  he  lived  for  fourteen 
years  and  was  Mayor  for 
one  term.  He  took  the  job 
of  carrying  the  U.  S.  mail  to 
Independence,  Missouri,  in 
1857,  and  made 'two  round 
trips  that  year,  beating  all 
records  in  the  matter  of  time 
and  undergoing  many  hair-breadth  escapes  from  the  Indians. 
In  1858  he  commanded  Gen.  Thomas  L.  Kane's  escort  to 
Omaha  and  was  commissioned  by  the  Government  to  con- 
clude terms  of  peace  with  Johnston's  army.  Was  in  charge 
of  the  immigration  trains  for  several  years  and  thus  and  other- 
wise has  made  more  overland  trips  than  any  other  man  known 
of.  In  1864  President  Brigham  Young  sent  him  to  Beaver 
(which  beautiful  town  he  assisted  in  building  up)  to  preside 
as  Bishop  of  the  ward  and  President  of  the  stake,  and  he  has 


J.    R.    MURDOCK. 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


453 


resided  there  ever  since,  during  which  time  he  has  held  many 
civil  and  military  offices;  among  the  former  were  Probate 
Judge  and  member  of  the  Legislature  for  seven  terms,  the 
last  one  being  the  third  State  assembly.  He  was  nominated 
by  the  Republicans  as  Presidential  Elector  in  1900  and  chosen 
by  a  substantial  majority. 

Bishop  Murdock  is  a  man  of  thrift  and  enterprise.  His 
years  rest  lightly  upon  him  and  he  greets  old  friends  as 
cheerily  and  vigorously  as  in  the  days  agone. 


GEORGE  C.  WHITMORE,  STATE  SENATOR. 

MR.  WHITMORE,  is  a  native  of  Texas,  having  been  born 
at  Waxahachie  in  1853.     He  came    with  his  parents  to  Utah 

and  located  first  at  Salt  Lake 
City.  In  1863  they  moved 
to  Arizona  and  six  years 
later  to  Nevada,  returning  to 
Utah  in  1870.  The  Senator 
has  lived  at  Nephi,  this 
State,  since  1875  and  there 
he  has  become  one  of  the 
solid  and  leading  citizens. 
He  has  always  been  a  stock- 
raiser,  and  in  1878  he  added 
to  his  calling  that  of  .general 
merchandising,  in  which  he 
has  ever  since  been  engaged. 
He  assisted  in  the  founding 
of  a  bank  in  that  town  in 
1885,  and  is  still  extensively 
connected  with  it.  He  was 
County  Commissioner  of 
Juab  County  and  chairman  of  the  Democratic  committee 


G.  C.  WHITMORE. 


454 


VI AH  AS  IT  IS. 


through  two  campaigns.     He  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
in  1900  and  his  term  will  expire  Jan.  i,  1905. 

Mr.  Whitmore's  connection  with  the  "Sagebrush"  De- 
mocracy is  briefly  referred  to  in  another  chapter.  He  was 
undoubtedly,  if  not  its  prime  founder,  at  least  one  of  its  patron 
saints .  No  one  went  to  greater  pains  or  expense  than  he  to 
push  the  movement  along,  and  he  hadn't  long  to  wait  for  the 
full  fruition  of  his  labors  in  the  division  of  the  people  on 
national  lines  of  politics.  His  Democracy  is  of  the  bedrock 
brand  and  no  one  need  ever  look  for  him  in  any  other  politi- 
cal camp. 


DANIEL  M'RAE,  REPRESENTATIVE. 

THE     Bishop    of    Granger    ward,    Salt     Lake    County, 

named  as  above,  was  an 
active  and  influential  mem- 
ber of  the  House  in  the 
Fifth  State  Legislature.  He 
was  born  April  12,  2846,  in 
tearfully  remembered  Nau- 
voo,  coming  to  Utah  with 
his  parents  in  1852,  and  set- 
tling in  Salt  Lake  City, 
where  he  was  raised  and 
educated.  He  joined  the 
Mormon  Church  on  April  4, 
1861,  and  has  held  several 
important  positions  as  well 
as  going  on  a  number  of 
trips  to  the  East  on  gospel 
and  other  work.  He  was 
married  1867  to  Thurza 
Symes,  who  died  in  1867, 

soon  after  giving   birth    to  a  daughter.     The  following  year 
he  married   Christine  Jensen    and    eight   children  have  been 


DANIEL  M'KAE. 


STATE  AhD  CTREE  OFFICIALS.  455 

born  to  them.  He  has  lived  in  Granger  nearly  twenty  years, 
and  held  his  present  position  all  that  time,  giving  general  sat- 
isfaction to  all  classes  of  people. 

In  the  Republican  county  convention  of  1902  the  Bishop 
was  nominated  for  Regresentative,  receiving  the  largest  vote 
of  any  of  the  candidates  in  the  following  contest  at  the  polls. 


JUDGE  H.  S.  TANNER. 

[Portrait  on  page  255.] 

ONE  of  the  Judges  of  the  recently  created  City  Court  of 
Salt  Lake  City  is  Henry  S.  Tanner,  and  he  has  already 
proved  himself  a  good  one.  He  is  a  young  man  and  a  native 
of  Utah,  his  birthplace  being  Payson,  Utah  County,  and  the 
time  of  birth  February  15,  1869.  He  received  the  founda- 
tion of  his  education  in  the  district  school,  afterwards  attending 
the  college  at  Logan  and  the  academy  at  Provo,  both  of 
which  bear  the  name  of  the  great  founder  Brigham  Young, 
and  from  the  latter  receiving  his  graduation  and  the  degrees 
of  bachelor  of  pedagogy  and  bachelor  of  didactics.  Later 
he  taught  school,  and  in  September,  1897,  began  the 
study  of  law  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  graduating  as  a  bach- 
elor of  laws  from  the  Michigan  University  in  June,  1899.  He 
at  once  began  practice  in  Salt  Lake  City,  and  on  Nov.  5, 
1901,  was  elected  to  his  present  position. 

Judge  Tanner  is  a  married  man,  having  been  united  to 
Laura  L.  Woodland  on  March  5,  1890.  He  has  done  con- 
siderable missionary  work  and  held  several  positions  in  the 
Mormon  Church,  of  which  he  is  a  taithful  member.  Politi- 
cally he  is  a  Republican. 

MRS.  M.  H.  CANNON,  EX-STATE  SENATOR. 

[Portrait  on  page  107.] 

THE  first  practical  demonstration  of  equal  suffrage  in 
Utah  occurred  with  the  election  of  Dr.  Mattie  Hughes  Can- 


456  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

non  to  the  State  Senate  in  1896.  The  peculiarity  of  the  situ- 
ation was  further  enhanced  by  the  fact  that  her  husband, 
Prest.  Angus  M.  Cannon,  "also  ran,"  he  being  a  Republican, 
she  a  Democrat.  It  was,  however,  a  friendly  contest,  and  did 
not  involve  the  division  of  the  house  by  any  means.  She 
was  married  to  him  in  1884,  and  has  three  bright,  healthy 
children  as  a  result. 

Mrs.  Cannon  is  a  native  of  Wales,  her  birthplace  being 
Llandidno.  She  came  to  Utah  with  her  parents  in  1861, 
where  she  was  raised  and  where  she  educated  herself.  Some 
rather  trying  experiences  befell  her  in  her  youth;  she  irri- 
gated the  family  garden,  emulated  the  example  of  Rutn  in 
the  wheat  fields,  herded  and  milked  cows, and  at  fourteen  taught 
a  primary  school  of  thirty  scholars  for  one  year  From  fifteen  to 
twenty  she  worked  in  a  printing  office  as  compositor, took  a  term 
in  the  University  of  Deseret,  graduating  from  the  academic  de- 
partment, afterwards  graduating  from  the  medical  department 
of  Michigan  University,  scientific  department  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  National  School  of  Elocution  and  Ora- 
tory. She  attended  a  full  course  of  lectures  in  the  Philadel- 
phia College  of  Pharmacy,  and  received  the  degrees  of  M. 
D.,  B.  S.  and  B.  O.  from  the  institutions  named.  Returning 
to  Utah  she  became  physician  of  the  Deseret  Hospital,  and 
after  three  years  went  to  Europe  and  for  two  years  visited 
medical  institutions  there,  and  on  her  return  established  a 
training  class  for  nurses. 

In  the  State  Senate  Mrs.  Cannon,  during  her  four  years' 
term,  made  an  excellent  record.  She  became  sponsor  for  all 
bills  relating  to  health,  hospitals,  etc.  Besides  this  she  has 
been  very  active  in  politics,  having  been  a  delegate  to  every 
State  convention  of  her  party  since  Statehood,  also  to  county 
and  city  conventions  and  primaries,  has  served  on  committees 
and  taken  the  stump  during  campaigns.  Among  her  honors 
might  be  mentioned  that  of  being  the  only  woman  vice-pres- 
ident of  the  American  Congress  of  Tuberculosis.  She  is 
young  enough  to  add  much  more  to  her  record  and  amply 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  457 

illustrates   the    adage   that    "where  there's  a   will   there's    a 
way." 


W.  L.  H.  DOTSON,  EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 

[Portrait  on  page  112.] 

MR.  DOTSON,  a  popular  merchant  and  politician,  was 
born  in  Pickens  County,  Alabama,  in  1833.  His  family 
moved  to  Mississippi  shortly  after,  where  young  Dotson  re- 
ceived an  education  in  the  common  schools.  Upon  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  civil  war  he  entered  the  Confederate  army  as 
sergeant  and  acting  quartermaster  of  the  Second  Mississippi 
Cavalry,  and  remained  in  that  position  for  three  years  and 
three  months.  At  the  close  of  hostilities  he  came  to  Utah 
and  located  first  at  Coalville;  he  then  went  to  Cove  Creek, 
Millard  County,  and  established  a  rarich  at  Pine  Creek,  a  few 
miles  south,  shortly  after.  From  there  he  went  to  Miners- 
ville  in  1870,  and  has  mainly  resided  there  ever  since. 

Mr.  Dotson  was  married  in  1853  to  Henrietta  Landrum, 
now  deceased,  and  seven  children,  two  boys  and  five  girls, 
were  born  to  them. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  been  three  times  a  mem- 
ber of  the  County  Court  of  Beaver  County.  He  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  1896,  and  served  with  decided  ability. 


EX-JUDGE  C.  S.  ZANE. 

[Portrait  on  page  255.] 

CHARLES    S.  ZANE  was  born    in    Cumberland  County, 

New  Jersey,  on  March  2,   1831.     He  was  descended  from  a 

certain    Robert   Zane,  a    Quaker,  who   came  from    England 

with  a  company  of  people  of  his  faith    and  settled  at  Salem, 

20 


458  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

Gloucester  County,  New  Jersey,  in  1672.  The  family  contin- 
ued to  reside  in  Gloucester  County  for  a  number  of  genera- 
tions. A  descendant  of  a  later  generation,  but  prior  to  the 
Revolution,  emigrated  to  the  western  part  of  Virginia  and 
left  numerous  descendants  there.  One  of  this  family  was  a 
member  of  that  committee  of  five  in  the  Virginia  House  of 
Burgesses  of  which  Patrick  Henry  was  chairman,  and  which 
drafted  the  resolutions  of  resistance  to  the  English  govern- 
ment. The  Virginia  branch  of  the  house  took  a  large  part 
in  the  settlement  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  The  well-known  ex- 
ploit of  Elizabeth  Zane  at  the  block  house  at  Zanesville  is 
still  remembered  among  the  cherished  traditions  of  the  Musk- 
ringum  valley.  The  New  Jersey  branch  of  the  family  contin- 
ued Quakers  until  within  the  present  century.  The  father  of 
Judge  Zane,  Andrew  Zane,  was  born  and  lived  during  his 
early  life  in  Gloucester  County,  New  Jersey,  and  there  mar- 
ried Mary  Franklin,  a  distant  relative  of  the  philosopher. 
Later  they  removed  to  Cumberland  County,  where  there  was 
no  Quaker  community.  They  identified  themselves  with  the 
Methodist  church,  but  always  clung  to  the  simplicity  of  dress 
and  speech  of  the  Friends.  The  father  Andrew  was  a 
thrifty  farmer  of  correct  and  religious  life,  of  the  most  indus- 
trious habits  and  excellent  judgment. 

Judge  Zane's  arrival  in  Utah  and  his  record  here  are 
elsewhere  detailed.  He  won  many  friends  and  not  a  few  op- 
ponents, but  all  hands  conceded  his  honesty,  integrity,  im- 
partiality and  capacity,  and  now  he  has  only  friends.  He  was 
the  State's  first  Chief  Justice,  and  filled  the  place  with  con- 
spicuous capability. 


W.  M.  ROYLANCE,  EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 

[Portrait  on  page  112.] 

MR.  ROYLANCE  first  opened  his  eyes  upon  the  light  of 
day  at  Springville,  Utah,  on   the    3ist   day  of  March,  1865. 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  459 

He  began  his  career  in  the  atmosphere  of  the  stock  ranch  and 
the  farm,  and  after  receiving  a  limited  education  in  the  public 
schools,  commenced  a  commercial  life  as  clerk  in  a  general 
mercantile  house.  For  a  short  time  he  quit  this  for  a  position 
in  the  Rio  Grande  Western  office  at  Springville,  but  a  year 
later,  when  only  twenty,  went  back  to  his  chosen  calling  as 
proprietor  of  a  wholesale  fruit  and  produce  institution,  a  busi- 
ness which  he  has  continued  to  follow  up  to  the  present 
time. 

He  has  held  several  political  offices,  having  been  in  1891 
a  member  of  the  first  Democratic  city  council  of  Springville, 
and  later,  in  1893,  city  recorder.  Prior  to  his  election 
to  the  State  Legislature,  he  was  a  defeated  candidate  for  the 
same  position,  but  in  the  election  of  1896  his  constituents  sent 
him  to  the  State  body  with  a  majority  of  2,000.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  1898  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House.  In 
1902  he  was  nominated  for  State  Senator,  but  failed  to  land. 

Mr.  Roylance  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  directors  of 
the  Springville  Banking  Company,  and  is  generally  recog- 
nized as  a  progressive  and  public-spirited  citizen.  He 
has  of  late  been  a  resident  of  Provo,  where  he  is  engaged 
in  the  commission  and  forwarding  business,  and  is  looked 
upon  as  one  of  that  progressive  town's  most  desirable  citizens. 


ABRAM  C.  HATCH,  DISTRICT  ATTORNEY. 

[Portrait  on  page  255.] 

THE  legal  representative  of  the  State  for  the  Fourth  Judi 
cial  District  is  an  active  and  efficient  officer.  He  is  a  native 
of  Utah,  having  first  beheld  the  light  of  day  at  Lehi  on  Dec- 
ember 14,  1856,  his  parents  being  Abram  Hatch  and  Pamelia 
Jane  Lett  Hatch,  both  members  of  the  Mormon  Church.  In 
1867- they  removed  to  Heber  City,  where  they  have  resided 


460  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

ever  since.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  obtained  the  best 
schooling  that  could  be  had  in  those  days;  he  engaged  in 
clerking  in  a  country  store  till  nineteen  years  of  age,  when  he 
went  to  Ashley  valley  and  engaged  in  the  business  of  cattle 
raising;  when  the  place  became  settled  he  pulled  out  for 
western  Colorado,  locating  a  little  north  of  what  was  then 
White  River  Indian  reservation,  following  the  same  occupa- 
tion then  and  ever  since.  The  Meeker  and  Thornburg 
massacres  occurred  while  he  was  living  there.  Returning  to 
Heber  in  the  fall  of  1879  ne  was  married  to  Maria  Luke  on 
December  17,  following.  By  the  marriage  he  has  become 
the  father  of  three  boys  and  one  girl.  His  official  life  began 
with  his  appointment  as  justice  of  the  peace  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
in  1882,  and  he  held  the  place  till  the  following  election.  He 
was  then  elected  County  Attorney,  but  declined  the  position; 
was  town  trustee  and  subsequently  town  attorney  for  Heber, 
and  in  November,  1893,  was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature. All  the  while  he  was  accumulating  a  knowledge  of 
the  principles  and  practice  of  law,  by  diligent  reading  and 
close  observation,  and  on  April  4,  1894,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  the  First  Territorial  district  at  Provo,  this  being 
followed  by  admission  to  the  Supreme  Court  in  February, 
1895.  In  the  first  State  election  of  1895  (November)  Mr. 
Hatch  was  the  Republican  candidate  for  District  Judge,  but 
the  district  was  then  a  Democratic  stronghold  and  he  was  de- 
feated. In  1896  was  appointed  to  the  vacancy  on  the  bench 
of  that  district  (by  that  time  the  Fourth)  occasioned  by  the 
resignation  of  Judge  Wilson;  and  in  the  election  follov. ing — 
November,  1896 — was  again  the  nominee  of  his  party  for 
Judge,  but  the  "Bryan  craze"  was  then  at  floodtide  and  an- 
other reverse  was  recorded.  In  1900  Mr.  Hatch  was  nomi- 
nated for  District  Attorney  and  triumphantly  elected,  this  be- 
ing the  office  he  now  holds. 

Personally,  Mr.  Hatch  is  a  pleasant,  affable  man,  easy  of 
speech  and  address,  but  forcible  enough  when  the  occasion 
calls  for  it.  In  politics  he  is  as  straightforward  as  in  business 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  461 

or    any    other   department  of    life,    and    nothing    could   add 
to  that. 


W.  D.  LIVINGSTON,  DISTRICT  ATTORNEY. 

[Portrait  on  page  255.] 

MR.  LIVINGSTON  was  born  April  26,  1871,  at  Salt  Lake, 
City,  his  parents  being  William  and  Lillias  Livingston.  They 
went  to  Sanpete  in  1882  and  settled  at  Fountain  Green,  where 
the  homestead  still  remains  and  where  the  subject  of  this  article 
worked  on  a  farm  until  he  was  eighteen.  He  was  elected 
County  Recorder  in  1894,  and  then  went  to  Manti.  where  he 
has  lived  ever  since.  He  studied  law  with  Sprague's  Corres- 
pondence School  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Salt  Lake 
City  in  1896;  was  appointed  Attorney  of  Sanpete  County  the 
same  year,  and  elected  to  that  position  in  1899.  In  1900  he 
was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  for  District  Attorney  and 
elected. 

Among  Mr.  Livingston's  earliest  experiences  might  be 
mentioned  teaching  school  in  Fountain  Green  while  fitting 
himself  for  other  callings.  His  father  came  to  Utah  in  1850 
and  was  one  of  the  builders  of  the  State  and  the  community 
in  which  he  lived.  He  died  in  1900  and  the  mother  followed 
him  four  weeks  later.  W.  D.  has  seven  brothers  and  five 
sisters,  besides  an  interesting  family  of  his  own.  He  is  one 
of  Manti's  most  progressive  and  prosperous  citizens. 


CHARLES  DE  MOISY. 

[Portrait  on  Page  255.] 

THE  man  who  looks  after  the  statistics  of  this  young  and 
booming  State,  and  does  it  in  a  thorough  and  satisfactory 
mariner,  is  a  native  of  Tennessee,  having  been  born  in  Wash- 


462  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

ington  County  on  April  12,  1851.  He  remained  there  till 
1864,  when  he  went  to  Chesapeake  Bay,  where  he  lived  till  the 
end  of  the  war.  In  1865  he  went  to  Cincinnati  and  here 
rounded  out  his  schooling,  which  had  by  no  means  been  neg- 
lected, and  went  into  the  business  of  civil  engineering,  which 
he  followed  till  1893.  He  came  to  Utah  in  1889,  in  connec- 
tion with  a  projected  Pacific  railroad  and  decided  to  settle  at 
Provo,  where  he  has  resided  ever  since  and  where  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1893.  Mr.  De  Moisy  is  a  family  man, 
his  wife's  maiden  name  being  Anna  M.  Gordon;  they  were 
married  on  Sep.  8,  1881,  at  Fort  Scott,  Kansas,  and  have  had 
six  children,  four  of  whom  are  living.  He  was  city  engineer 
of  that  place  for  four  years,  was  a  member  of  the  school 
board  for  the  same  length  of  time  and  secretary  of  the  fair 
association  for  several  years.  At  Provo  he  has  filled  the 
positions  of  justice  of  the  peace  and  school  trustee,  and  was 
appointed  State  Statistician  in  June,  1901.  He  has  been  chair- 
man of  the  Republican  committee  of  Utah  County  for  several 
years,  and  under  his  leadership  that  Democratic  stronghold 
capitulated,  in  the  Presidential  election  of  1900,  giving  a  de- 
cided Republican  majority,  greatly  to  the  surprise  of  the 
defeated  party,  as  well  as  a  good  many  of  the  victors;  the 
revolution  was  ratified  in  the  general  election  of  1902.  Not- 
withstanding his  decided  partisanship  Mr.  De  Moisy  is  by  no 
means  an  extremist;  on  the  contrary  he  is  quite  moderate  in 
speech  and  action  and  has  a  host  of  friends  among  people  of  all 
shades  of  opinion.  He  is  quiet  and  unobtrusive  in  demeanor, 
quite  approachable  and  affable,  is  engaging  in  conversation 
and  altogether  ranks  among  our  best  citizens.  He  is  ably 
assisted  by  Mr.  Fred  W.  Price. 


JAMES  ANDRUS,    EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 

[Portrait  on  page  112.] 

FOREMOST  among  the  frontiersmen,  colonizers   and  com- 
munity  builders  of  the   great   West  stands  the  man    whose 


SI  AIL  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  463 

name  appears  above.  He  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  having  been 
born  at  Florence,  Herron  County,  on  June  14,  1835.  He 
parents  went  to  Nauvoo  in  1837  an^  stayed  there,  participat- 
ing in  the  hardships  and  turmoils,  until  the  people  were  driven 
away.  They  left  in  1846,  and  went  to  the  Pawnee  village  in 
Nebraska,  stayed  with  the  Indians  for  some  time.  They  re- 
mained on  the  border  till  1848.  The  father  having  gone  on 
a  mission  to  England,  the  boy,  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  took  his 
father's  place  and  brought  the  family  successfully  through  to 
Salt  Lake,  where  he  remained  till  1861,  when  he  went  north 
to  Montana  and  Washington,  traveled  extensively  and  becom- 
ing quite  friendly  with  the  Flathead  Indians.  Returning,  he 
went  on  a  mission  to  England  in  1867,  but  was  called  home 
along  with  all  others  next  )/ear  because  of  the  Johnston's 
army  episode,  which  is  spoken  of  a  good  many  times  in  this 
book.  Soon  after  returning  he  went  on  a  mission  to  Uintah 
with  J.  W.  Fox  and  Jos.  Cummings,  then  went  on  the  Dixie 
mission,  which  place  he  has  never  forsaken,  although  travel- 
ing extensively  in  mission  and  exploration  work.  Has  made 
many  trips  across  the  plains  and  undergone  perils  and  hard- 
ships beyond  mention.  Was  Bishop  of  the  consolidated  four 
wards  of  St.  George  for  nine  years,  also  County  Commis- 
sioner and  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  Cavalry  by  appointment  of 
the  Governor.  He  has  a  large  family  and  is  a  large  man  all 
through . 

A  reference  to  Mr.  Andrus'   Indian   fighing   and  Legis- 
lative experiences  occurs  elsewhere. 


E.  W.  WILSON,  EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 

[Portrait  on  page  112.] 

ONE  of  the  most  popular  of  Zion's  citizens  is  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  appears  above,  albeit  he  is  by  no  means  a 
native.  He  was  born  at  Gibson  City,  Illinois,  some  thirty- 
eight  years  ago,  and  spent  the  earlier  part  of  his  career  on  a 


464  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

farm.  He  went  to  the  common  schools,  finally  taking  a  term 
in  the  high  school  of  his  native  town,  where  he  graduated, 
then  studied  law  at  Valparaiso,  Indiana,  and  being  admitted  to 
the  bar  practiced  in  the  courts  at  Fairview,  Illinois,  till  1889, 
when  he  came  to  Utah.  He  was  connected  with  the  Utah 
National  Bank,  Salt  Lake  City,  for  a  time,  and  in  1891  en- 
gaged in  the  insurance  business  with  Frank  Harris,  which 
continued  for  some  time.  He  is  at  present  connected  with 
the  National  Bank  of  the  Republic. 

In  1896  Mr.  Wilson  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats 
for  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  and  elected  by  a 
large  majority.  In  the  convention  he  came  close  to  being 
nominated  for  Senator,  but  failing  of  that  his  friends  insisted 
on  his  being  a  lawmaker  anyway,  and  he  was  one  of  the 
most  active,  intelligent  and  efficient  members  of  the  House  of 
the  second  session.  He  has  been  named  for  other  honors 
but  respectfully  declined. 


C.  ED.  LOOSE,  STATE  SENATOR. 

THE  writer  of  these  chapters  has  some  early  and  inter- 
esting recollections  of  Mr.  Loose,  having  as  a  boy  crossed 
the  plains  with  him  before  the  locomotive's  whistle  echoed  in 
the  gorges  of  the  Wasatch  Mountains,  the  train  in  which  the 
transit  was  made  being  a  medley  of  horses,  mules  and  cattle. 
The  progress  made  was  not  so  giddy  that  an  excellent  com- 
prehension of  the  country's  characteristics  could  not  be  had, 
the  impressions  generally  not  being  striking. 

Mr.  Loose  was  wafted  to  this  mundane  sphere  in  1853. 
He  became  a  sturdy,  vigorous  young  man  and  is  now  a  long 
way  from  being  an  old  one;  his  years  set  upon  him  so  lightly 
that  he  might  easily  be  regarded  as  at  that  stage  at  which  the 
gateway  separating  youth  from  maturity  has  just  been  passed. 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS. 


465 


Mr.  Loose  is  one  of  our  successful  mining  men,  the  famed 
Grand  Central  of  Tintic  being  one  of  the  monuments  to  his 
enterprise,  sagacity  and  push  in  the  matter  of  developing 
Utah's  great  mineral  wealth.  He  is  also  a  large  property 
owner  otherwise  and  has  amassed  a  fortune,  but  in  doing  so 
has  at  all  times  and  in  all  places  been  governed  by  legitimate 

methods  and  honorable  trans- 
actions. He  is  one  of  the 
most  public-spirited  men  in 
our  midst  and  if  the  list  of  his 
charitable  deeds  were  pa- 
raded before  the  public,  no 
doubt  he  himself  would  be 
surprised  at  the  array.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Provo 
City  Council  in  1899,  but 
served  only  a  short  time,  his 
business  interests  making 
further  service  impractic- 
able. In  1900  he  was  chosen 
an  Elector  on  the  McKinley 
and  Roosevelt  ticket  and  was 
made  bearer  of  the  State's 
vote  to  Washington.  The 
same  year,  in  June,  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  National 

Republican  Convention  at  Philadelphia  and  has  been  a  dele- 
gate to  several  State  and  other  conventions.  In  1902  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Republicans  of  Utah  County  for  State  Sen- 
ator and  triumphantly  elected.  He  has  a  legion  of  friends, 
embracing  men  of  all  shades  of  opinion. 


C.  E.  LOOSE. 


U.  S.  SENATOR  THOMAS  KEARNS. 

WHEN  Thomas   Kearns  entered   the  United  States  Sen- 
ate in  1901,  he  was  one  of  the  youngest  men  in  that  body,  if 


466 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


not  the  very  youngest.  At  the  present  time  there  are  two 
who  are  near  him  in  that  respect.  He  was  born  in  the  year 
1862  and  was  consequently  but  39  years  of  age  at  the  time 
spoken  of,  and  very  few  men  indeed  have  ever  held  member- 
ship in  that  great  arena  with  so  much  of  life,  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  things,  ahead  of  them.  He  spent  the  earlier  part 
of  his  career  on  a  farm  in  Nebraska,  but  the  growing  fame 
of  the  Black  Hills  gold  mines  proved  too  strong  an  attraction 
to  be  resisted  and  he  decided  to  cast  his  fortunes  with  the 
mining  industry.  After  a  more  or  less  successful  season  in 

the  hills  he  concluded  to  give 
Utah  a  trial,  and  coming 
here  located  at  Park  City,, 
having  then  just  arrived  at 
his  majority.  Without  other 
capital  than  good  health, 
good  judgment  and  a  robust 
body,  he  went  to  delving  and 
burrowing  into  the  hidden 
treasure  vaults  of  naturer 
and  for  seven  weary  years 
he  worked  for  wages  as  a 
miner  in  the  Ontario.  His 
endurance  and  enterprise 
were  rewarded  at  last  in  the 
acquisition  and  development 
of  the  Silver  King,  at  pres- 

THOMAS  KEARNS  ent  one  of  the  greatest  mines 

in  the  world.  He  is  also  connected  with  other  mines  of 
great  consequence  and  is  engaged,  along  with  Senator  W. 
A.  Clark,  Hon.  R.  C.  Kerens  and  others,  in  the  construction 
of  one  of  the  greatest  enterprises  of  the  day — the  San  Pedro 
Los  Angeles  and  Salt  Lake  Railway,  elsewhere  spoken  of 
at  great  length. 

Notwithstanding  his  great  good  fortune  and  prominence, 
Senator  Kearns  remains  as  genial  and  approachable  as  ever, 


STATE  AhD  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  467 

always  with  a  glad  greeting  for  a  friend  and  a  pleasant  word 
for  all  acquaintances.  As  a  neighbor  he  is  equal  to  the  best, 
and  as  a  dispenser  of  charity  and  generosity  he  is  too  well 
known  to  need  further  mention. 

The  Senator  has  a  way  of  "doing  things"  that  counts. 
He  does  not  theorize,  or  dally,  or  wait  for  something  to  turn 
up;  he  takes  right  hold  of  whatever  he  engages  to  do  and 
brings  about  results  at  once.  This  characteristic  among 
others  has  enabled  him  to  be  a  most  useful  representative, 
and  he  is  on  the  very  best  of  terms  with  the  head  of  the  Gov- 
ernment. He  may  not  make  as  good  a  speech  as  some  of 
them,  but  he  has  P  way  of  "getting  there"  which  no  amount 
of  speech-making  could  ever  accomplish. 


GEORGE  M.  CANNON,  EX-STATE  SENATOR. 

[Portrait  on  page  124.] 

THIS  gentleman  is  a  conspicuous  member  of  the  well- 
known  Cannon  family  of  this  State,  being  the  son  of  Angus 
M.  and  Sarah  M.  Cannon.  He  reached  this  mundane  sphere 
as  a  Christmas  gift  to  his  parents,  having  arrived  on  that  day 
in  the  year  1861  at  St.  George,  Washington  county.  In  1868 
his  parents  removed  to  Salt  Lake  City,  where  he  attended 
the  district  schools  till  twelve  years  old,  and  at  that  early  age 
began  an  active  business  career  as  bookkeeper  for  a  coal 
company.  Returning  to  school  as  occasion  permitted,  he 
finally  graduated  from  the  Deseret  University  in  1878,  after 
which  he  taught  school  for  two  years.  He  was  variously  con- 
nected with  the  University,  and  was  the  first  secretary,  after- 
ward president  of  the  .\lumni  Association.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  Recorder  of  Salt  Lake  County,  having  previously 
been  a  deputy  ^in  the  office,  and  on  his  twenty-third  birthday 
was  married  to  Miss  Addie  Morris,  by  whom  he  has  become 


468 


U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 


the  father  of  several  children.  He  was  an  earnest  member  of 
the  Peoples'  party,  and  upon  its  dissolution  cast  his  fortunes 
with  the  Republican  party,  in  which  he  has  been  an  active 
worker.  He  was  almost  steadily  a  member  of  the  Territor- 
ial committe  of  his  party,  and  in  1895  was  elected  chairman. 
He  was  a  candidate  for  the  Legislature  in  1891,  but  it  was  not 
a  Republican  year  and  he  went  down  with  his  ticket.  In  1895 
he  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Convention 
and  the  same  year  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  the  first  State 
Legislature,  being  elected  President  of  the  upper  branch,  a 
position  which  he  filled  with  marked  ability.  He  is  and  for 
years  has  been  cashier  of  Zion's  Savings  Bank  and  Trust 
Company. 


WILLARD  DONE,  REPRESENTATIVE. 

MR.  DONE  was  born  in  Moroni,  Utah,  on  Dec.  10,  1865. 

At    the    age    of    fifteen    he 
entered  the  Brigham   Young 

r  Academy     at     Provo,     and 

graduating  in  1883  he  im- 
mediately became  an  instruc- 
tor in  that  institution.  This 
position  was  held  for  three 
years,  when  he  accepted  an 
offer  to  take  charge  of  the 
newly  organized  Stake  Acad- 
emy, now  known  as  the  L. 
D.  S.  University,  Salt  Lake 
City,  and  here  he  has  resided 
ever  since.  For  one  year 
he  was  professor  of  theology 
WILLARD  DONE.  *n  the  Brigham  Young  Acad- 

emy at  Logan,    and   soon  after  took  up  other  callings.     He 


STATE  AND  OTHER  OFFICIALS.  •      469 

has  held  several  Church  positions,  and  was  elected  to  the 
House  in  1902.  He  was  married  on  Dec.  23,  1885,  to  Miss 
Amanda  Forbes,  and  seven  children  have  been  born  to  them, 
one  of  whom  is  dead.  Prof.  Done  is  an  active,  useful  citizen. 


JUDGE  THOMAS  MARIONEAUX. 

[Portrait  on  page  255.] 

THE  presiding  official  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  District  was 
born  in  Louisana  on  the  2ist  of  January,  1867.  In  1886  he 
took  a  change  of  venue  to  Denver,  Colorado,  where  he  stud- 
ied law  in  the  office  of  Patterson  &  Thomas,  also  that  of  Sena- 
tor Edward  O.  Wolcott.  Mr.  Marioneaux. remained  in  Den- 
ver till  the  fall  of  1889,  when  he  set  his  face  Zionward  and 
reached  here  without  incident  or  impediment.  He  at  once 
entered  into  employment  with  the  well-known  legal  firm  of 
Bennett,  Marshall  &  Bradley,  Salt  Lake  City.  June  10,  1902, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Utah  Supreme  Court,  and 
in  1894  was  appointed  official  reporter  of  the  Third  District 
Court,  which  position  he  held  till  Statehood.  In  June,  1898, 
he  moved  to  Beaver,  and  the  following  year  was  appointed 
District  Attorney  for  that  district,  being  elected  Judge  there- 
of in  1900  for  the  term  of  four  years. 

Judge  Marioneaux  is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  a  Roman 
Catholic  in  religion,  by  no  means  an  infrequent  combination. 
He  is  an  excellent  lawyer,  a  capable  and  impartial  Judge  and 
a  first-class  citizen  throughout. 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE. 


PROMINENT    MEMBERS    OF    THE    BAR,    PHYSI- 
CIANS AND  OTHERS. 

THIS  State  contains  a  goodly  share  of  men  and  women 
who  have  passed  the  different  and  difficult  stages  of  pro- 
fessional training,  graduated  with  honor  and  practice  their 
calling  with  success.  A  few  of  these  have  been  selected  as 
representatives  of  the  whole.  All  that  are  herein  named  have 
lived  here  a  good  while  (some  were  born  here)  and  have  thus 
acquired  a  standing  which  cannot  be  shaken  and  speaks  for 
itself. 

The  rule  elsewhere  obtaining  that  the  order  in  which 
the  sketches  appear  have  no  other  significance  than  showing, 
as  nearly  as  possible,  the  order  in  which  they  were  received, 
is  not  departed  from  herein.  It  is  necessary  to  keep  this 
before  the  reader  in  order  that  there  may  be  no  misunder- 
standing. 


FRANKLIN  S.  RICHARDS,  ATTORNEY. 

The  earlier  chapters  of  this  book  have  already  acquaint- 
ed the  reader  with  the  general  character  of  the  hard  trials 
and  grinding  circumstances  under  which  Utah  was  peopled 
and  built  up,  but  to  particularize  fully  would  require  a  dozen 
volumes  as  large  as  this,  and  it  would  even  then  be  question- 
able if  the  tale  had  been  fully  told.  Incidents  here  and  there 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE. 


471 


add  somewhat  to  the  story  in  chief,  all  illustrative  of  the  soul- 
wearying  task  which  the  Pioneers  and  their  immediate  fol- 
lowers took  upon  themselves  in  building  a  commonwealth 
where  nature  was  so  stubbornly  arrayed  against  them.  Surely 
children  born  at  such  times  and  under  such  circumstances  are 
"heirs  to  the  State"  and  all  the  good  things  it  can  give  its  loyal 
sons  and  daughters.  One  of  these,  and  a  most  conspicuous 
one,  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  Franklin  Snyder  Richards. 
He  first  opened  his  eyes  up- 
on this  "vale  of  tears"  less 
than  two  years  after  the  ex- 
iles of  Missouri  and  Illinois 
pitched  their  tents  in  the  val- 
ley of  the  Great  Salt  Lake 
and  adopted  it  as  their  home; 
among  this  far-famed  and 
widely  honored  band  were 
his  father  and  mother.  Frank- 
lin Dewey  and  Jane  Snyder 
Richards.  The  exact  date  of 
his  birth  was  June  20,  1849; 
the  place,  Salt  Lake  City, 
although  it  was  rather  a 
meagre  sort  of  "city"  at  that 
time.  The  mother  had  lost 
two  children  through  the  ex- 
pulsion from  Nauvoo,  and 
this  with  the  attendant  cir- 
cumstances and  her  own  poor  health,  argued  poorly  for 
the  physical  welfare  of  the  third  offspring.  The  family,  in 
common  with  others,  were  but  poorly  sheltered,  exposures 
to  inclement  conditions  were  the  rule,  and  it  is  a  wonder 
that  either  mother  or  child  ever  lived  to  see  the  fruition  and 
the  grand  and  consequential  work  which  then  had  its  incep- 
tion; but  the,y  did  live  and  prosper,  reaping  such  rewards 
as  were  then  wholly  shut  out  from  the  vision. 


FRANKLIN   S.    RICHARDS- 


472  VI AH  AS  IT  IS. 

Franklin  S.  was  early  given  such  school  advantages  as 
the  community  afforded,  and  proving  an  apt  scholar  he 
advanced  rapidly,  so  much  so  that  when  only  seventeen  years 
old  he  became  a  pedagogue  himself,  teaching  a  large  and 
select  school  for  three  years  and  helping  to  support  his 
father's  family  while  the  latter  was  on  his  last  mission  to 
Europe,  private  tutors  meantime  fitting  him  tor  loftier  flights 
On  December  18,  1868,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Emily  S. 
Tanner,  who  became  one  of  Utah's  foremost  women,  and  a 
goodly  family  has  been  theirs.  Two  of  their  sons,  Franklin 
Dewey  and  Joseph  Tanner,  became  members  of  the  bar  at  an 
early  age  and  have  been  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  U.  S.  Su- 
preme Court  and  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  California.  In 
1869  Mr.  Richards  removed  to  Ogden  and  there  took  up  the 
study  of  law,  meanwhile  filling  in  a  most  effective  manner  the 
offices  of  Probate  Clerk  and  County  Recorder.  Having 
thoroughly  digested  the  philosophy  of  law,  be  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  June,  1874,  and  it  is  needless  to  stiy  that  his  prog- 
ress has  been  steady  and  rapid,  he  being  at  this  time  one  of 
the  best  known,  most  highly  respected  and  busiest  men  in  the 
profession.  He  was  successful  from  the  beginning,  and  his 
record  is  a  great  chapter  of  successes,  to  set  forth  any  consid- 
erable part  of  which  would  be  quite  out  of  the  question.  He 
is  and  for  many  years  has  been  the  attorney  of  the  Mormon 
Church,  a  position  which,  during  some  of  the  more  stormy 
periods  of  Utah's  social  history,  has  placed  him  in  hazardous 
and  difficult  situations,  but  he  never  failed  to  acquit  himself 
and  his  cause  with  honor  and  steadfastness,  also  with  success 
whenever  the  "peculiar  conditions"  were  sufficiently  relaxed 
to  make  success  a  possibility.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
two  State  Constitutional  conventions,  including  the  last  one  r 
has  several  times  been  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legisla- 
ture, during  one  term  being  President  of  the  upper  branch, 
and  could  have  gone  to  Congress  in  1882  if  he  had  coveted 
the  distinction,  a  majority  of  his  party's  convention  being  out- 
spoken for  him;  notwithstanding  this,  his  great  regard  for 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE.  473 

the  welfare  of  his  people  caused  him  to  put  in  much  valuable 
time  at  Washington  during  the  sessions  of  Congress  when 
inimical  legislation  was  pending,  and  the  assistance  rendered 
the  Territorial  Delegate  at  such  times  was  very  great.  In 
1884  he  was  tendered  and  accepted  the  office  of  City  Attor- 
ney of  Salt  Lake  City,  which  necessitated  his  return,  and 
here  he  has  resided  ever  since.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
People's  party  when  came  the  dissolution  thereof  and  the 
division  of  the  voters  on  national  lines,  taking  the  Demo- 
cratic side  himself,  and  rendering  that  cause  from  time  to 
time  immeasurable  service.  It  should  be  mentioned,  before  it 
is  too  late,  that  he  is  a  member  of  the  bar  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  State  of  California; 
also  that,  in  1877,  he  went  upon  and  honorably  filled  a  mission 
to  Europe. 

This  brief  sketch  contains  a  life  story  which  might  be 
elaborated  into  a  goodly  volume.  It  imperfectly,  but  still  it 
is  hoped  impressively,  shows  forth  a  sample  of  the  splendid 
material  out  of  which  the  commonwealth  has  grown  and  upon 
which  the  grand  superstructure  depends.  Utah  has  much  to 
be  proud  of,  but  of  nothing  more  than  her  tried,  true  and 
gifted  sons  and  daughters,  conspicuous  among  whom  is 
Franklin  S.  Richards. 


ORLANDO  W.  POWERS,  ATTORNEY. 

[Portrait  on  page  132.] 

JUDGE  POWERS  has  had  a  most  active  career,  here 
and  elsewhere.  He  is  descended  from  illustrious  ancestry, 
traceable  back  to  mediaeval  English  history  and  embracing 
names  in  the  early  and  subsequent  history  of  the  United 
States,  many  of  them  figuring  conspicuously  in  Colonial  and 
Revolutionary  times.  He  was  born  on  June  16,  1850,  at 
Pultneyville,  Wayne  County,  New  York,  a  little  hamlet  on 

31 


474  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

the  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  sixteen  miles  north  of  Palmyra. 
There  his  early  boyhood  was  passed,  his  parents  being 
farmers  and  in  moderate  circumstances.  His  childhood  was 
similar  to  that  of  most  boys  who  grow  up  on  farms,  and 
not  possessing  a  surplus  of  physical  strength,  the  farm  work 
was  to  him  harder  than  to  most  children,  and  his  apparent 
lack  of  interest  in  the  work  caused  his  father  to  despair  of 
his  ever  amounting  to  anything  in  the  world.  He  was  edu- 
cated, for  the  most  part,  in  a  district  school,  attending  school 
winters  and  working  on  the  farm  during  the  summer  months. 
Later  he  attended,  for  two  terms,  the  Sodus  Academy,  and 
likewise,  for  two  terms  the  Marion  Collegiate  Institute  of 
Wayne  County,  New  York.  His  parents  were  not  financially 
able  to  give  him  an  elaborate  education,  although  his  mother, 
a  very  ambitious  and  naturally  intellectual  woman,  closely 
economized  and  hoarded  her  earnings  that  she  might  devote 
them  to  the  education  of  her  three  children.  When  young 
Powers  was  eighteen  years  of  age  he  was  given  the  choice  of 
taking  a  course  at  the  Cornell  University  or  of  attending  the 
law  school  of  Michigan  University  at  Ann  Arbor  and  per- 
fecting himself  for  the  legal  profession.  He  at  that  time  fully 
determined  to  become  a  lawyer,  and  from  a  justice  of  the 
peace  procured  a  copy  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  New  York, 
which  his  father  was  horrified  to  find  he  was  reading  one  day 
in  a  corner  of  the  rail  fence,  when  he  was  supposed  to  be 
hoeing  corn.  Shortly  after  that  he  was  called  upon  to  try  his 
first  case.  A  suit  had  been  instituted  by  an  administrator  to 
recover  upon  a  promissory  note,  and  the  defense  set  up  was 
that  the  note  was  a  forgery.  Powers  prepared  himself  for 
the  fray  and  wrote  out  in  full,  and  committed  to  memory,  his 
argument  in  advance;  the  verdict  of  the  jury  was  in  his  favor, 
and  for  his  services  he  received  five  dollars,  which  to  him 
then  was  a  large  sum  of  money,  and  he  immediately  invested 
four  dollars  of  the  same  in  "Metcalf  on  Contracts,"  which 
was  the  nucleus  of  his  law  library. 

Mr.  Powers  entered  the  law  school  of  Michigan  Univer- 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE.  475 

sity  in  the  fall  of  1869,  and  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1871, 
in  the  same  dass  with  Gov.  Charles  S.  Thomas  of  Denver, 
Colorado.  He  then  returned  home  and  worked  on  the  farm 
for  a  time  and  secured  other  employment  in  order  to  obtain 
the  means  with  which  to  start  into  practice.  In  the  fall  of 
1872,  he  then  being  just  past  twenty-one  years  of  age,  was 
nominated  by  the  Democrats  of  the  Western  Assembly  dis- 
trict of  Wayne  County  for  the  Legislature  of  New  York. 
The  district  was  overwhelmingly  Republican  and  he  was  de- 
feated at  the  polls,  his  opponent  being  the  Hon.  L.  T.  Yo- 
mans,  a  brother-in-law  of  ex-President  Grover  Cleveland.  In 
the  spring  of  1873  he  removed  to  Kalamazoo,  Michigan, 
landing  there  with  less  than  one  hundred  dollars  in  money, 
never  having  had  experience  in  a  law  office,  and  with  no 
practical  experience  at  the  bar.  He  succeeded  in  obtaining 
the  position  of  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  May  &  Buck.  The 
firm  allowed  him  his  board  and  permission  to  sleep  in  a  room 
back  of  the  office.  After  he  had  been  with  them  for  three 
months,  they  allowed  him  a  salary  of  ten  dollars  per  month 
in  addition  to  his  board  and  lodging,  requiring  him,  however, 
to  put  into  the  firm  five  hundred  dollars  worth  of  law  books, 
which  he  procured  by  borrowing  the  money. 

He  found  time,  in  the  midst  of  his  later  law  practice,  to 
act  for  many  years  as  county  chairman  for  the  Democrats  of 
Kalamazoo  County,  directing  his  party  in  several  hard  fought 
campaigns. 

In  1876  Judge  Powers  was  elected  City  Attorney  of  Kal- 
amazoo. In  the  Presidential  campaign  of  1876  he  stumped 
the  State  for  Samuel  J.  Tilden;  also  took  part  in  the  cam- 
paign in  Indiana,  speaking  through  the  northern  part  with 
Gov.  Hendricks  and  Daniel  W.  Voorhees.  A  strong  friend- 
ship grew  up  between  Judge  Powers  and  Gov.  Hendricks, 
and  thereaftef  the  former  was  a  staunch  supporter  of  the  great 
Indiana  statesman. 

In  1878  and  1879  Mr.  Powers  was  actively  engaged  in 
the- practice  oi  lais  profession,  being  connected  with  some 


476  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

the  largest  cases  of  that  section  of  the  State,  and  he  also  took 
a  prominent  and  active  part  in  polttical  and  public  affairs. 

In  1880,  after  bitter  opposition,  and  without  his  consent, 
Judge  Powers  was  almost  unanimously  nominated  for  Con- 
gressman from  the  old  Fourth  district  of  Michigan,  a  district 
that  had  almost  uniformly  been  represented  by  a  Republican. 
He  was  defeated  by  Julius  Caesar  Burrows,  now  Senator  from 
Michigan.  The  result  of  the  campaign,  however,  left  bitter- 
ness of  feeling  existing  among  the  older  element  of  the  party, 
which  had  desired  the  nomination  of  Dr.  Pratt,  which  feeling 
continued  and  was  a  factor  in  the  bitter  fight  that  was  after- 
wards waged  against  Mr.  Powers'  confirmation  for  Associate 
Justice  of  Utah,  when  the  same  was  pending  before  the  United 
States  Senate. 

In  1882  Mr.  Powers  wrote  a  law  book  upon  Chancery 
Practice  and  Pleading,  adapted  to  the  courts  of  Michigan. 
The  volume  contained  eight  hundred  and  forty-nine  pages 
and  three  hundred  and  five  practical  forms.  It  is  today  a 
recognized  authority  upon  the  subject  of  which  it  treats  and 
met  with  a  large  sale.  In  1884,  at  the  request  of  the  Rich- 
mond Backus  Company,  publishers  of  law  books  of  Detroit, 
Michigan,  he  wrote  a  work  of  four  hundred  and  thirty-six 
pages,  entitled  Powers'  Practice,  the  book  treating  of  the  sub- 
ject of  practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  Michi- 
gan. It  was  prepared  amid  active  professional  duties  and  met 
with  a  good  reception  from  the  bench  and  bar.  In  the  same 
year,  1884,  Judge  Powers  was  elected  one  of  the  four  dele- 
gates at  large  to  represent  the  State  at  the  Democratic  Na- 
tional Convention  at  Chicago.  His  candidacy  for  the  place 
was  opposed  by  the  element  in  his  party  which  became  dis- 
satisfied with  his  nomination  to  Congress,  nevertheless  in  the 
convention  of  nearly  nine  hundred  delegates,  he  received 
more  than  two-thirds  majority. 

In  1885  Judge  Powers  was  again  elected  City  Attor- 
ney of  Kalamazoo.  A  contest  arose  over  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  postmaster  for  that  city.  Mr.  Powers  went  to 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE.  477 

Washington  in  the  interest  of  a  friend,  and  there  procured  the 
assistance  of  Don  M.  Dickinson.  A  day  or  two  after  his 
return  to  Kalamazoo,  as  he  was  passing  the  telegraph  office 
he  was  handed  a  telegram  from  Mr.  Dickinson,  which  read, 
;<Will  you  accept  position  as  Associate  Justice  of  Utah  ? 
Answer  quick."  Mr.  Powers  had  no  thought  of  any  such 
appointment  but  immediately,  upon  receipt  of  the  telegram, 
he  turned  to  the  telegraph  office  and  wrote  the  reply  "Yes." 
That  was  in  April,  and  in  due  time  the  appointment  was 
made.  In  May  of  that  year  Mr.  Powers  came  to  Utah,  took 
the  oath  of  office  and  entered  upon  his  duties  as  Associate 
Justice  of  Utah,  and  Judge  of  the  First  Judicial  District,  with 
headquarters  at  Ogden.  His  experience  on  the  bench  was 
not  of  the  most  pleasant  nature.  The  laws  against  polygamy 
and  unlawful  cohabitation  were  then  being  enforced  with 
great  vigor.  The  Judge's  record  from  this  point  on  is  too 
well  known  to  need  repeating.  (His  political  career  is  referred 
to  elsewhere). 

On  October  26,  1887,  Judge  Powers  was  married  to 
Anna  Whipple,  daughter  of  George  Whipple,  an  old  resident 
and  merchant  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  They  have  had  two  chil- 
dren born  to  them,  Don  Whipple  Powers,  who  died  in  1886, 
and  the  other  Roger  Woodworth  Powers,  now  twelve  years 
of  age. 

Anticipating  that  the  division  upon  national  party  lines 
was  bound  to  come  here  in  Utah,  by  virtue  of  the  changed 
conditions,  Mr.  Powers  organized  what  was  known  as  the 
Tuscarora  Society,  a  Democratic  organization  composed  of 
Liberals,  which  grew  to  a  membership  of  eleven  hundred, 
and  which  was  a  strong  political  factor,  in  1892,  at  the  National 
Convention  at  Chicago;  the  Tuscarora  Society  ran  a  special 
train,  containing  a  drum  corps  and  about  sixty  members  of  the 
organization,  to  that  city,  where  they  were  a  feature  of  the 
convention  that  year.  Mr.  Powers,  with  Fred  J,  Kiesel,  at- 
tended that  convention  as  delegates  from  Utah,  representing 
the- Liberal  wing  of  the  Democratic  party.  Their  right  to  sit 


478  VI AH  AS  IT  IS. 

as  delegates  was  contested  by  Judge  Henderson  and  Hon. 
John  T.  Caine,  who  were  representatives  of  the  newly  formed 
Democratic  party  of  Utah.  The  latter  were  seated. 

In  1892  Judge  Powers  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  Utah,  and  served  during  the  session  of  1893. 
In  1895  he  was  unanimously  chosen  chairman  of  the  Demo- 
cratic State  Central  Committe  of  Utah,  and  waged  a  very 
energetic  campaign.  He  was  re-elected  chairman  in  1896, 
the  State  that  year  giving  a  very  heavy  Democratic  majority. 
At  the  request  of  the  National  Committee  in  1896,  Mr. 
Powers  stumped  the  States  of  Illinois,  Iowa.  Nebraska  and 
Wyoming,  part  of  the  time  speaking  with  Mr.  Bryan  from 
the  latter's  special  train.  Mr.  Powers  was  a  member  of  the 
Democratic  Convention  held  at  Chicago  in  1896,  and  was 
made  chairman  of  the  Utah  delegation.  He  submitted  the 
plan  which  was  afterwards  adopted,  for  the  organization  of 
silver  delegates  in  that  convention,  which  afterwards  proved 
so  effective  and  which  surprised  the  gold  standard  men  by  its 
completeness.  At  the  convention  he  placed  in  nomination 
for  the  Vice-Presidency  the  Hon.  John  W.  Daniel  of  Virginia, 
making  a  speech  that  was  very  highly  complimented. 

In  December,  1896,  he  resigned  as  chairman  of  the 
Democratic  State  Committe  and  announced  himself  as  a  can- 
didate for  the  United  States  Senate,  withdrawing,  however, 
before  the  balloting  commenced  in  favor  of  Hon.  Moses 
Thatcher,  the  conditions  at  that  time  impressing  Mr.  Powers 
that  it  was  his  duty  so  to  do.  Nevertheless,  during  nearly 
the  whole  fight  he  was  voted  for  by  Senator  Mattie  Hughes 
Cannon. 

In  1898  Mr.  Powers  again  became  a  candidate  for 
the  United  States  Senate,  and  was  one  of  the  leading  candi- 
dates during  the  whole  session,  which  resulted  in  no  election 
of  a  Senator  from  Utah. 

On  August  26,  1899,  an  attempt  was  made  by  an  ex- 
convict  named  John  Y.  Smith  to  take  the  life  of  Mr.  Powers 
by  means^of  an  infernal  machine,  loaded  with  giant  powder 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE.  479 

and  fulminating  caps.  The  contrivance  was  ingeniously  con- 
structed, but  by  one  of  those  fortunate  mental  warnings  which 
baffle  description,  but  which  are  sometimes  experienced,  Mr. 
Powers  did  not  open  the  box,  bat  turned  it  over  to  the  police 
who  discovered  its  dangerous  character.  The  Governor  of 
Utah  offered  a  reward  of  five  hundred  dollars  for  the  arrest  of 
and  conviction  of  the  perpetrator,  and  he  was  secured  while 
endeavoring  to  escape.  His  trial  was  had  in  December, 
1897,  and  he  was  convicted  of  an  assault  with  intent  to  mur- 
der. The  day  after  his  conviction,  he  ended  his  life  by  taking 
morphine  with  suicidal  intent.  After  his  conviction  he  con- 
fessed his  connection  with  the  effort  to  take  Mr.  Powers'  life. 
As  a  lawyer  Judge  Powers  is  the  head  of  a  well-known 
law  firm  of  Salt  Lake  City.  He  is  employed  in  cases  of  the 
highest  importance.  His  practice  is  very  large,  extending 
over  Utah,  Wyoming,  Idaho,  Nevada  and  Colorado,  and  com- 
prises all  branches  of  the  law.  He  is  constantly  called  upon 
to  speak  upon  public  occasions,  and  is  a  very  busy  man. 


CHARLES  W.  PENROSE,  EDITOR. 

[Portrait  on  page  157.] 

MR.  PENROSE  is  a  native  of  England,  having  been  born 
on  February  4,  1832,  at  Camberwell,  London.  He  acquired 
the  rudiments  of  an  education  at  an  astonishingly  early  age, 
and  could  read  and  was  familiar  with  the  teachings  of  the 
Bible  when  under  four  years  old.  Having  thus  a  spiritual  cast  of 
mind  he  easily  became  a  convert  to  the  Mormon  doctrine,  and 
was  baptized  May  14,  1850,  he  being  the  only  member  of 
his  father's  family  so  to  do.  He  was  ordained  an  elder 
when  only  nineteen  years  old,  and  went  into  active  service  in 
the  ministry  at  once,  this  being  greatly  to  his  detriment 
socially  and  financially.  He  underwent  many  hardships  in 
upholding  his  .convictions  and  discharging  his  duties,  but  he 
kept  on  undaunted.  In  1855  ne  was  married  to  Miss  Lucetta 


480  1 1AH  AS  IT  IS 

Stratford,  who  with  all  her  family  had  been  converted  by 
Elder  Penrose.  He  presided  over  several  conferences,  and 
when  opportunity  offered  wrote  articles  for  the  Millennial 
Star.  After  ten  years  of  active  service  he  was  released  and 
at  once  departed  for  America,  this  being  the  year  1861,  and 
being  accompanied  by  620  emigrants,  whom  he  looked 
after  faithfully  on  shipboard,  through  the  States  and  during 
the  then  dreary  journey  across  the  plains.  Arriving  in  Utah 
he  first  settled  in  Farmington,  and  though  not  accustomed  to 
such  severe  toil  as  fell  to  the  lot  of  the  Utah  settler  he  made 
the  most  of  it,  and  by  teaching  school  in  winter  soon  acquired 
a  home.  He  removed  to  Cache  Valley  by  call  in  the  fall  of 
1864,  and  repeated  his  Farmington  experiences  there,  the 
following  year  (April)  being  called  on  a  mission  to  England, 
and  the  drastic  overland  trip  was  again  undertaken;  he 
walked  most  of  the  way,  but  made  the  unusually  good  time 
of  thirty-six  days,  the  savages  being  exceedingly  hostile  the 
whole  way.  He  returned  from  this  mission,  which  was  a 
very  active  and  resultful  one,  in  1868.  His  next  move  was 
merchandising  at  Logan,  the  firm  being  Shearman  &  Penrose. 
He  held  various  other  positions  of  importance,  and  in  January, 
1870,  accepted  an  invitation  to  edit  the  Ogden  Junction,  then 
just  started.  Here  he  became  a  member  of  the  City  Council, 
held  various  Church  positions,  and  became  a  factor  in  politics. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  three  years 
later  became  editor  of  the  Deseret  News  and  moved  to  Salt 
Lake  City,  where  he  has  resided  ever  since.  He  was  again 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1879,  re-elected  two  years  later, 
and  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1882.  He  filled  another  mission  to  England  during  the 
"reign  of  terror,"  in  1885,  but  did  not  escape  the  wrath  of 
the  raiders  altogether,  for  in  1890  he  was  brought  before 
Judge  T.  J.  Anderson  as  witness  in  a  special  examination 
relating  to  Mormons'  eligibility  for  naturalization,  and  being 
asked  questions  regarding  his  marital  relations,  which  were 
not  at  all  in  issue,  he  refused  to  answer  and  was  sent  to  the 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE. 


481 


penitentiary  for  five  days,  the  legal  limit  for  contempt.  In 
October,  1892,  he  became  editor  of  the  Salt  Lake  Herald 
and  remained  there  till  1895,  when  he  was  appointed  first 
assistant  in  the  Historian's  office,  retiring  from  that  position 
in  January,  1899,  to  again  become  editor  of  the  JVews,  the 
position  he  now  holds. 

It  is  clearly  impossible  in  sketching  so  active  a  life  to 
set  forth  all  the  events  of  interest  in  this  narrow  compass,  but 
enough  is  presented  to  give  an  excellent  idea  of  the  whole. 
Personally  Mr.  Penrose  is  of  most  agreeable  disposition,  he 
writes  with  great  vigor  and  clearness,  and  is  unquestionably 
one  of  the  ablest  pulpit  orators  in  the  country. 


ALVIN  V.  TAYLOR,  ATTORNEY. 


MR.  TAYLOR,  although 


AJ,.VIN  V.  TAYLOR. 


one  of  the  youngest,  is  recog- 
nized as  among  the  ablest  of 
the  members  of  the  bar  of 
this  city,  where  he  was  born 
February  25,  1865.  He  is 
the  son  of  another  State 
Representative — Joseph  E. 
Taylor,  who  also  has  a  show- 
ing in  this  book — his  mother 
being  Louise  R.  Taylor.  At 
the  age  of  13  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  entered  the  Uni- 
versity of  Utah,  graduating 
therefrom  in  three  years. 
He  then  took  a  position  with 
the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph company,  remaining 
there  eleven  months,  then 
accepting  a  place  as  opera- 
tor and  agent  for  the  D.  & 


482  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

R.  G.  Railway  Co.  Here  he  remained  until  1886,  when  he 
went  into  the  stock  ranching  business,  and  in  1889  went  East  to 
study  law,  graduating  with  the  degrees  L.  L.  B.  and  L.  L.  JVL 
In  1891  Mr.  Taylor  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Virginia,  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  afterwards 
came  to  Salt  Lake  City,  in  which  city  he  has  practiced  law 
ever  since.  He  was  elected  to  the  first  State  Legislature  as 
Representative.  Is  at  present  Vice-President  and  General 
Manager  of  the  Salt  Lake  and  Suburban  Railway,  now  being 
built  in  Salt  Lake  City  and  county.  Is  also  interested  con- 
siderably in  mining,  and  is  President  and  Manager  of  the  South 
Quincy  Mining  Co.,  of  Park  City,  Utah, 


ORESTES  UTAH  BEAN,  DRAMATIST. 

UTAH  has  developed  several  dramatic  authors  of  marked 
ability,  some  of  whose  productions  have  been  placed  before  the 
public  and  received  marked  approval.  Among  them  are 
E.  W.  Tullidge  and  John  S.  Lindsay;  but  it  has  remained  for 
a  later  day  composer  to  bring  into  existence  a  play  whose 
merits  have  made  it  a  prime  favorite  with  the  theatre-going 
public  and  a  reputation  co-extensive  with  the  national  domain  at 
least.  This  man  is  Orestes  Utah  Bean  and  the  play 
"Corianton." 

Mr.  Bean  is  distinctly  a  Utah  product.  He  was  born  in 
Provo,  November  8,  1873,  his  parents  being  George  W.  and 
Elizabeth  B.  Bean,  the  former  being  a  Pioneer  and  noted 
Indian  interpreter.  The  family  subsequently  removed  to 
their  present  residence,  Richfield.  Young  Bean  was  educated 
and  subsequently  taught  a  class  in  the  Brigham  Young  Acad- 
emy at  Provo,  his  career  being  signally  successful.  A  favorite 
occupation  was  delving  into  the  historic  and  pre-historic  con- 
ditions of  America,  and  in  this  he  found  the  Book  of  Mormon 
very  interesting  and  helpful;  and  here  he  found  the  first  in- 
spiration for  the  play.  He  has  always  been  a  leading  spirit,, 
his  unconventional  and  original  methods  of  doing  and  saying 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE. 


483 


things  naturally  making  him  such;  as  an  illustration  of  this  he 
was  at  one  time  in  Richfield  a  school  teacher,  assistant 
superintendent  of  Sunday  schools,  president  of  the  literary 
society,  president  of  the  Mutual  Improvement  Association, 
captain  of  a  military  company,  teacher  of  a  theological  class, 
manager  of  the  dramatic  company,  captain  of  a  baseball  club, 
and  manager  of  public  entertainments.  Surely,  a  wide  range 
with  sufficient  variety  to  suit  most  people,  but  not  so  Mr. 
Bean;  and  in  order  that  no  valuable  time  might  be  wasted,  he 
took  up  the  production  of  his  biggest  work  so  far,  the  play 
spoken  of.  The  materials  for  a  play  were  hardly  supposed 
to  exist  in  the  Book  of  Mormon,  and  older  and  more  experi- 
enced heads  v,  ere  shaken  dubiously  when  he  mentioned  the 
possibilities  to  them.  On  this  he  worked  sometimes  till 
4  o'clock  in  the  morning.  Previous  to  this  exacting  labor 
he  was  an  athlete,  able  to  spring  over  two  horses  at  a  bound 

without  touching  either,  but 
he  soon  became  greatly  bro- 
ken down  in  nerve  and 
muscle.  He  acted  in  and 
staged  many  plays  with  suc- 
cess, revising  and  adapting 
them  to  the  company's  ca- 
pacities as  he  went  along, 
and  became  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted with  the  technique 
and  finesse  of  dramatic  rep- 
resentation. In  casting  about 
for  a  subject  for  a  play  on 
his  favorite  theme,  the 
"hidden  past  of  America," 
he  came  up  against  B.  H. 
Roberts'  amplified  sketch  of 
Corianton,  and,  while  this 
was  by  no  means  a  completed 
upon  which  to  rear  a  more 


ORESTES  UTAH  BEAN. 

theme,    it    served    as   a 


basis 


484  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

elaborate  structure.  Mr.  Bean  actually  composed  in  bed  and 
wrote  at  his  meals,  and  devoted  all  his  spare  time  to  the  pro- 
duction; his  system  was  saturated  with  it,  and  at  the  end  of 
two  years  the  work  which  he  expected  tb  complete  in  as 
many  months  was  finished.  He  encountered  the  usual  vicis- 
situdes in  getting  a  producer  and  finally  made  for  the 
theatrical  fountain  head,  New  York,  reaching  there  with 
75  cents  only.  Fortune  favored,  as  it  is  always  supposed 
to  do  with  the  daring,  and  he  secured  an  engagement  in  the 
original  production  of  "Ben  Hur,"  which  put  him  on  his  feet. 
While  at  this  he  worked  his  own  play  into  notice,  having  the 
satisfaction  to  have  it  pronounced  a  masterpiece  by  the 
critics,  but  he  was  an  unknown  quantity  and  the  theme  was 
not  popular.  He  stayed  with  his  work  faithfully,  however, 
under  the  most  trying  discouragements,  and  finally  the  Deseret 
Dramatic  Syndicate  sprang  into  existence  and  an  elaborate 
and  highly  successful  production  of  the  play  followed.  His 
picture  tells  the  rest. 


JOSEPH  C.  RICH,  LAWYER  AND  WRITER. 

ALTHOUGH  at  present  and  for  several  years  past  a  resid- 
ent of  Idaho,  Mr.  Rich  is  looked  upon  as  a  Utah  man,  his 
"bringing  up"  and  place  of  abode  up  to  the  time  of  bis 
removal  having  been  chiefly  in  Salt  Lake  City.  He  was 
born  in  historic  Nauvoo,  on  January  16,  1841,  and  came  to 
Utah  on  October  2,  1847,  with  his  father  and  mother,  these 
being  the  late  Apostle  Charles  C.  Rich  and  his  wife  Sarah, 
both  Pioneers  and  possessed  of  rare,  sterling  qualities.  Joseph 
went  with  his  father  to  California  in  1855  a°d  remained  there 
till  1857,  during  which  time  the  boy  went  to  school.  His  father 
bought  the  San  Bernardino  ranch  and,  with  Amasa  Lyman, 
founded  the  town  of  that  name.  On  his  return  Josesph  took 
up  arms  "ag'in'  the  Government"  as  represented  by  Johnston's 
army,  and  in  1860  went  on  a  mission  to  England.  In  1863 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE. 


485 


he  settled  with  a  colony  in  Bear  Lake  valley,  Idaho,  and  the 
families  moved  in  next  year,  by  which  means  he  became  a 
pioneer  ot  another  State,  this  being  the  third.  He  started 
the  first  paper  in  that  part  of  the  country,  the  Bear  Lake 
Democrat.  Having  read  law  in  the  office  of  Hosea  Stout, 

Salt  Lake  City,  he  continued 
his  studies  in  his  new  abode, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Salmon  City,  Idaho,  and  has 
been  a  practitioner  ever  since 
until  elected  Judge  of  the 
Fifth  judicial  district,  com- 
prising the  counties  of  Bear 
Lake,  Oneida,  Bannock, 
Bingham, Fremont  and  Lem- 
hi,  in  1898;  he  served  till 
1903,  when  he  left  the  bench 
and  resumed  the  practice  of 
law. 

Mr.  Rich   was  married  to 
Ann  Eliza    Hunter   in    1868 
nrA  has   had    nine    children 
JOSEPH  c.  RICH.  born    to   him,   six   of  whom 

are  living.     He  is  known  to 

old  newspaper  readers  and  others  hereabout  as  a  humorous 
writer  of  excellent  ability;  he  is  well  stocked  with  incidents 
of  interest,  which  he  relates  at  times  in  a  manner  all  his 
own.  He  is  an  agreeable  personage,  at  home  everywhere  and 
hasn't  an  enemy  in  the  world. 

At  present  he  resides  at  his  famous  Hot  Springs  on  the 
shore  of  the  beautiful  Bear  Lake,  the  most  attractive  and 
healthful  summer  resort  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region. 


S.  A.  KING,  ATTORNEY. 
-  SAMUEL  A.  KING  was  born    in    Fillmore   on  January   9, 


486 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


1868.  .His  parents  were  William  and  Josephine  Henry  King, 
the  latter  departing  this  life  when  the  boy  was  but  five 
weeks  old,  he  being  raised  by  his  grandparents  on  his 
mother's  side.  His  grandfather  was  an  Irishman,  and  in  this 
ancestry  is  traceable  the  ready  wit  and  copious  vocabulary 
which  characterizes  S.  A.  and  his  brother  W.  H.  The  former 

went  to  a  grammar  school 
at  Fillmore,  then  took  a 
term  in  the  B.  Y.  Academy 
at  Provo,  this  concluding 
in  1888.  In  1889  he  spent 
a  winter  ai  the  Utah  Uni- 
versity and  in  the  follow- 
ing year  worked  on  the 
Utah  Central  railway  till 
December,  when  he  went 
on  a  mission  to  England. 
He  spent  eighteen  months 
in  London  and  vicinity  and 
took  a  trip  on  the  continent, 
visiting  Belgium,  Holland, 
France,  Switzerland  and 
Italy.  In  1891  he  went 
through  Scotland  and  spent 
six  weeks  in  Ireland,  re- 
turning home  in  December, 

1891.  He  then  took  up  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of 
King  &  Houtz,  Provo,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
August,  1892.  He  was  married  to  Maynetta  Bagley,  Sep- 
tember 14,  1892,  and  immediately  proceeded  to  Ann  Arbor 
with  his  wife,  graduating  in  June,  1893.  He  then  returned 
to  Provo  and  opened  an  office,  becoming  attorney  for  the 
First  National  Bank,  holding  the  place  for  six  years;  was 
also  appointed  City  Attorney  and  served  for  two  years,  from 
1896  to  1898;  was  County  Attorney  and  District  Attorney 
from  May,  1899,  to  IQOI.  Mr.  King  is  a  Democrat  and  has 


S.    A.    KING. 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE. 


487 


figured  largely  in  many  campaigns.  He  is  engaged  exten- 
sively in  mining  and  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  King,  Burton 
•&  King,  lawyers,  having  a  fine  practice. 


NOBLE  WARRUM,  ATTORNEY  AND  EDITOR. 

BORN  in    1865  at  Greenfield,  Indiana.     He  attended  the 

public  schools  and 
high  school  at  that 
place.  Was  at  De 
Pauw  University  for 
two  years  and  took 
a  law  course  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Michigan,  in 
1887-9,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in 
the  Supreme  Court 
of  Utah  in  iSpOjbeing 
a  charter  member  of 
the  Utah  Bar  As- 
sociation. He  prac- 
ticed law  for  two 
years  in  Logan  and 
bought  the  Journal 
there,  in  charge  of 
which  he  remained 
for  five  years,  when 
he  came  to  Salt  Lake  as  editor-in-chief  of  the  Herald,  from 
which  position  he  resigned  in  1900  to  go  into  the  plantation 
business  in  Mexico.  Col.  Warrum  has  held  several  positions 
of  trust  since  locating  in  Utah  twelve  years  ago,  showing  the 
esteem  in  which  he  is  held  by  his  neighbors  and  fellow 
citizens.  He  was  Judge  of  the  Probate  Court  of  Cache 
County  and  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners 


WARRUM. 


488  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

for  two  years.  In  1894  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  and  the  following  year  was  de- 
feated for  the  District  Judgeship  of  the  First  Judicial  District 
by  three  votes.  He  was  that  fall  unanimously  nominated  and 
elected  by  a  large  majority  to  the  first  State  Senate.  At  the  close 
of  the  session  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Wells  as  Jud^e 
Advocate  General  with  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  the  State 
militia.  In  1890  Col.  Warrum  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
State  Senate,  a  position  he  filled  with  marked  ability. 

Although  Mr.  Warrum  has  always  stood  high  in  the 
councils  of  his  party  he  declares  that  politics  will  have  no 
attraction  for  him  henceforth,  as  his  entire  time  and  atten- 
tion will  be  given  to  the  culture  of  rubber  in  the  future  of 
which  he  has  unbounded  confidence. 


D.  O.  RIDEOUT,  JR.,  EX-STATE  SENATOR. 

[Portrait  011  page  107.] 

MR.  RIDEOUT  is  emphatically  a  Salt  Laker,  having  been- 
born  in  this  county  in  1854,  an<^  resided  here  almost  contin- 
uously ever  since.  In  1868  his  father  moved  from  the  city 
to  Draper,  where  the  boy  entered  the  school  taught  by  Dr. 
J.  R.  Park,  later  attending  the  Logan  College,  subsequently 
teaching  school  himself,  but  did  not  like  the  business  and 
went  to  grading  and  contracting.  Afterwards  he  went  into- 
merchandising  and  followed  it  with  considerable  success. 
From  1884  to  1886  he  was  justice  of  the  peace  of  Draper 
precinct,  and  in  1891  went  to  the  University  of  Michigan,, 
where  he  spent  two  years  in  the  law  class,  and  graduated, 
being  admitted  to  the  bar  afterwards.  He  has  considerable 
political  experience,  among  other  things  being  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  in  1896,  and  serving  in  the  second  and  third 
sessions,  where  he  was  an  able  and  efficient  member. 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE. 


489 


CHARLES    C.  RICHARDS,  ATTORNEY. 

ANOTHER  son  of  the  late  Apostle  Franklin  D.  Richards, 
is  the  one  named  above,  now  and  for  many  years  past  a 
well-known  and  successful  attorney  of  Ogden.  He  was  born 
in  Salt]  Lake  City  on  September  16,  1859,  anc*  sPent  his 
earlier  years  here,  going  to  his  present  place  of  residence 

when  his  parents  moved 
there,  in  1869.  To  a  liberal 
education,  he  has  added 
persistent  and  continuous 
study,  realizing  that  there  is 
no  royal  road  to  success,  and 
that  advantages  are  worth- 
less unless  accompanied  by 
unremitting  labor  and  care. 
It  thus  falls  that  Mr  Rich- 
ards, at  this  time,  is  in  the 
possession  of  a  fine  practice 
and  a  good  income,  and  is 
still  a  hard  worker,  delving 
in  the  caves  of  knowledge 
and  still  adding  treasures  to 
his  store.  For  many  years 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States. 

It  is  not  only  as  a  lawyer  that  Mr.  Richards  has  figured 
conspicuously  and  successfully,  but  in  the  political  field  as 
well.  He  held  several  county  positions  in  Weber  County 
at  an  early  stage  of  his  career,  among  them  being  the  offices 
of  County  Clerk  and  County  Attorney;  was  elected  to  the 
lower  house  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  in  1887  and  to  the 
upper  house  in  1889,  where  his  natural  aptitude  for  legisla- 
tion made  him  a  useful  and  effective  member.  It  was  while 
he  was  serving  his  term  in  the  House  of  Representatives 
that  the  Territorial  Reform  School  and  Agricultural  College 

33 


CHARGES    C.    RICHARDS. 


490  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

were  established,  and,  after  one  of  the  hardest  fights  ever 
made  in  the  Assembly,  he  succeeded  in  having  the  Reform 
School  located  in  Weber  county.  All  the  while  his  eye  was 
fixed  upon  the  Americanization  of  Utah,  by  having  conflicting 
political  elements  divided  by  the  means  prevailing  elsewhere, 
instead  of  religious  differences  being  the  line  of  demarcation. 
But  he  would  not  move  in  so  important  a  matter  until  the 
conditions  were  ripe — until  the  slow  but  steadily  moving  hand 
of  time  brought  about  such  amelioration  of  the  bitter  strife 
which  had  prevailed  that,  when  the  revolution  began,  noth- 
ing could  successfully  stand  against  it.  The  time  came  just 
.ifter  the  event  last  noted  and  he  was  placed  among  the  law- 
makers as  a  member  of  the  People's  party,  to  which  his 
allegiance  was  steadfastly  given,  up  to  the  time  it  vanished 
from  the  scene,  the  election  in  which  he  was  chosen  to  the 
upper  house  being  its  last  contest. 

It  took  acumen,  forethought,  matured  judgment  and  ex- 
ecutive capacity  to  effect  the  great  consummation  spoken  of, 
and,  even  when  the  pronunciamento  went  forth  and  the  new 
order  was  ushered  in,  there  were  mutterings  and  misgivings 
here  and  there.  The  People's  ranks  contained  not  a  few 
whose  devotion  to  the  cause  amounted  to  affection,  regarding 
the  organization  as  a  bulwark  against  present  aggression  and 
threatened  subjugation,  while  the  Liberals,  whose  ranks  had 
been  steadily  growing,  and  who  had  their  eager  gaze  fixed 
upon  the  citadel  as  a  near-at-hand  capture,  were,  in  many 
cases,  loth  to  give  up  the  party,  just  when  it  seemed  about 
to  achieve  the  object  in  chief  for  which  it  was  organized. 
Mr.  Richards,  at  such  times,  was  a  busy  man.  Much  of  his 
attention  was  taken  from  his  business  and  patriotically  be- 
stowed upon  the  movement  which  was  to  abolish  the  feudal 
system  and  install  the  better  and  brighter  condition  leading 
to  Statehood  and  independence.  He  placed  himself  in  com- 
munication with  the  great  Democratic  leaders  of  the  country, 
raised  money,  and  had  Honorables  Chauncey  F.  Black, 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE.  491 

Lawrence  Gardner  and  William  L.  Wilson,  the  President. 
Secretary  and  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  re- 
spectively, of  the  National  Association  of  Democratic  Clubs, 
United  States  Senator  Charles  J.  Faulkner,  of  West  Virginia, 
and  Hon.  William  D.  Bynum,  Member  of  Congress  from 
Indiana,  visit  us,  and  address  monster  political  meetings  in 
the  principal  cities  of  the  Territory;  negotiated  with  those 
who  were  most  progressive  and  least  stubborn,  here  in  Utah, 
gaining  point  by  point  and  one  concession  after  another,  till 
at  last  the  ways  were  cleared  and  the  craft  was  successfully 
launched.  It  would  take  a  volume  to  detail  all  the  work,'  or 
even  all  the  consummations,  wrought  through  the  clear- 
headed and  persistent  efforts  of  Mr.  Richards,  much  of  the 
time  not  only  without  available  help,  but  in  the  face  of  trying 
opposition  from  both  sides;  but,  having  decided  that  the 
time  had  come,  he  had  to  vindicate  himself,  and  he  did.  He 
was  chosen  as  Chairman  of  the  first  Democratic  Territorial 
Committee,  after  the  division,  and  led  the  party  to  victory ; 
later,  submitting  to  his  successor,  an  organization  which,  for 
discipline,  equipment  and  effective  work,  was  not  excelled  in 
the  older  commonwealths. 

Mr.  Richards  was  the  first  Mormon  to  be  appointed  to 
office  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  for  many  years, 
and  the  very  first  after  the  division  on  national  lines  here.  He 
received  the  endorsement  of  such  great  Democrats  as  Hon. 
J.  Sterling  Morton,  Secretary  of  Agriculture;  United 
States  Senators  Gorman  and  Faulkner;  Congressmen  Wilson 
and  Bynum;  Governor  Black,  and  many  others.  His  per- 
sonal acquaintance  with  President  Cleveland,  who  knew  of 
his  splendid  work  for  the  Democratic  party  in  Utah  and  ad- 
joining States  had  much  to  do  with  his  appointment  as  Sec- 
retary of  Utah,  which  was  not  only  a  testimony  of  his  own 
worth,  but  a  recognition  of  the  confidence  which  the  execu- 
tive placed  in  the  Mormon  people, 

He  is  still  young  and  energetic,  and  may  be  looked   for 


492  Ul  AH  AS , IT  IS. 

to  render   yet   other  service  to  the  people  among  whom  his 
life  will  be  spent. 


C.  C.  GOODWIN,  EDITOR. 

[Portrait  on  page  157.] 

FEW  names  are  better  known  in  the  Western  country 
than  that  of  Charles  Carroll  Goodwin.  He  is  a  native  of 
New  York,  his  birthplace  b^ing  Riga,  near  Rochester.  He 
received  a  liberal  education  in  the  local  institutes  of  learning, 
and,  at  an  early  age,  turned  his  face  towards  the  setting  sun, 
settling  at  Marysville,  California.  Here  he  established  a 
lumber  mill,  but  was  burned  out;  he  then  taught  school,  and, 
while  doing  this,  read  law  under  the  direction  of  his  brother, 
one  of  the  prominent  lawyers  of  California.  In  1860,  young 
Goodwin  retraced  his  steps  eastward,  as  far  as  Nevada, 
where  he  remained  for  some  time,  and  where  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  all  the  courts.  With  a  partner,  he  built 
a  quartz  mill  on  the  Carson  river,  but  it  was  swept  away  by 
a  tremendous  flood,  which  drowned  several  people  and  did 
incalculable  damage.  Upon  the  admission  of  the  Territory 
to  Statehood,  he  was  elected  to  a  District  Judgeship  and 
served  three  years;  then  was  editor  of  the  Inland  Em- 
pire, at  Hamilton,  and  remained  there  until  the  discovery  of 
the  Eureka  mining  district.  Going  there,  he  was  a  pioneer 
in  opening  those  mines.  Then  he  spent  a  year  in  California, 
trying  to  settle  the  titles  to  a  placer  mine,  but  it  was  too  much 
involved,  and,  being  called  to  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  he  wrent 
to  work  as  associate  editor  of  the  Territorial  Enterprise. 
When  R.  M.  Daggett,  the  editor-in-chief,  was  elected  to 
Congress,  he  took  his  place,  and  carried  on  the  paper  until 
1880,  when  he  came  to  Utah  and  bought  mining  interests  in 
the  pioneer  district — Lincoln.  While  thus  engaged,  he  re- 
ceived an  offer  (in  May)  to  take  charge  of  the  editorial  de- 
partment of  the  Salt  Lake  Tribune,  and  accepted,  remaining 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE.  493 

at    this    post    steadily,   till    October,    1901,   when   the   paper 
changed  hands  and  the  situation  was  no  longer  desirable. 

Judge  Goodwin's  present  connections,  and  some  account 
of  his  methods,  appear  elsewhere. 


JOHN  C.  GRAHAM,  EDITOR. 

[Portrait  on  page  157.] 

MR.  GRAHAM  was  born  in  Liverpool,  England,  July  23, 
1839.  When  about  eighteen  months  old,  his  parents  joined  the 
Mormon  Church,  and  he  was  thereby  brought  up  in  the  faith. 
In  1860,  they  embarked  for  America,  leaving  the  boy  behind, 
he  following  them  in  1864,  but  coming  straight  through  to 
Utah,  whereas  the  parents  tarried  two  years  in  New  York. 
For  eight  years  John  C.  was  in  the  headquarters  of  the 
European  mission,  as  an  assistant,  and  had  charge  of  the 
publishing  department  of  the  mission,  which  was  in  charge 
of  George  Q.  Cannon,  for  three  years.  Before  leaving  his 
native  land,  Mr.  Graham  was  married  to  Eliza  Morris,  of 
Woolwich,  near  London.  On  reaching  Zion,  the  position  of 
treasurer  of  the  city,  under  Mayor  Smoot,  wras  awaiting  him, 
in  which  he  remained  twenty-four  hours,  having  arranged 
for  a  systematic  bookkeeping  plan,  when  a  message  reached 
him  from  headquarters  of  the  Church,  offering  him  a  position 
in  that  office,  which  he  accepted.  Knowing  that  he  had 
dramatic  ability,  by  reason  of  amateur  experiences  in  England, 
his  services  were  secured  for  the  Deseret  Dramatic  Associa- 
tion, in  which  he  played  gratuitously  for  several  years,  be- 
coming at  the  outset  a  prime  favorite  and  making  a  great 
reputation,  which  was  the  means  of  acquiring  a  good  income 
later  on.  He  became  engaged,  with  others,  in  the  printing 
business  in  1870,  issuing  the  footlights,  an  entr'acte,  and 
later  the  Times,  in  1877  going  to  Provo  and  engaging  in  the 
publication  of  the  Enquirer,  with  which  he  has  been  con- 
nected ever  since.  From  the  spring  of  1873,  to  the  fall  of 
1874,  ne  was- on  a  mission  to  England,  being  associated  with 


494  UTAH  AS  11  IS. 

Albert  Carrington,  and  later  with  Joseph  F.  Smith,  in  the 
publication  of  the  Church  representative,  the  Millennial  Star, 
making  about  ten  years  of  his  life  given  to  Church  work  in 
Great  Britain.  He  is  one  of  the  surviving  members  of  the 
Deseret  Dramatic  Association,  and  could  have  made  a  fortune 
by  remaining  on  the  stage.  Under  his  control,  the  Enquirer 
and  its  adjuncts  have  grown  up  to  large  proportions,  and  he 
has  apparently  nothing  to  be  sorry  for,  in  a  business  way. 
He  has  held  and  holds  several  Church  positions,  and  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Republican  party  in  Utah  County, 
and,  as  chairman  and  otherwise,  contributed  largely  to  its 
success,  his  paper  being  the  only  one  in  Utah  supportive  of 
the  McKinley  ticket  in  1896,  and,  upon  the  latter's  accession 
to  the  Presidency,  Mr.  Graham  was  remembered  by  being 
made  Postmaster  of  Provo.  He  is  a  popular  and  prosperous 
citizen. 

DANIEL  D.  HOUTZ,  ATTORNEY. 

[Portrait  on  page  207. ', 

MR.  HOUTZ  was  born  in  Springville,  Utah,  March  n, 
1859.  His  father  was  Jacob  Houtz,  one  of  the  Pioneers  of 
Utah,  and  a  man  noted  for  enterprise  and  progressive 
achievements,  the  works  and  institutions  forwarded  by  him, 
being  in  evidence  wherever  he  has  lived;  the  mother  was 
Bridget  Daly  Houtz,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who  was  converted 
to  Mormonism  and  came  to  this  country  in  1854,  a°d  was 
married  in  1856;  she  still  lives,  but  the  father  is  dead.  Daniel 
began  his  schooling  in  the  district  schools  of  Springville,  and 
rounded  out  with  a  two-year  term  in  the  B.  Y.  Academy, 
Provo.  He  then  taught  school  for  four  years,  at  Tooele,  be- 
ing the  principal,  inaugurating  many  needed  improvements, 
and  studying  law  in  the  meantime.  Was  County  Attorney 
of  Tooele  County  for  two  terms,  and  in  1888  moved  to  Salt 
Lake  City,  where  he  became  Assistant  City  and  County 
Attorney,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1890.  The  same 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE.  495 

year  he  moved  to  Provo  and  has  remained  there  ever  since* 
being  City  Attorney  for  one  year.  Is  now  a  member  of  the 
law  firm  of  Warner,  Houtz  and  Warner. 

Mr.  Houtz  was  married  in  1886  to  Edna  Lyman, 
daughter  of  F.  M.  Lyman,  and  has  five  children.  Personally, 
he  is  a  pushing,  self-reliant  man,  loyal  to  his  family,  fond  of 
his  friends,  and  not  overly  resentful  to  those  who  are  not 
friends.  Politically,  he  has,  until  recently,  been  a  steadfast 
Democrat,  but  in  the  election  of  1902,  cast  his  allegiance  with 
the  Republicans,  as  many  another  did  before  him. 


E.  W.  SENIOR,  ATTORNEY. 

MR.  SENIOR  was  born  in  Doncaster,  England,  in  .March, 
1862.  His  father  was  an  English  barrister  and  his  mother 
an  American.  After  his  father's  death  he  was  brought  to 
Utah,  by  his  grandfather,  in  n 868,  the  latter  dying  when  the 
former  was  fourteen  years  old,  at  which  time  young  Senior 
began  the  battle  of  life  on  his  own  account.  He  educated 
himself  generally,  and,  while  so  doing,  read  up  on  law,  being 
later  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Utah. 

He  has  made  a  specialty  of  land  and  mining  practice  be- 
fore the  Interior  Department,  in  which  branch  he  stands  pre- 
eminently in  the  lead  in  this  State.  Incidentally,  he  has  spent 
both  time  and  money  in  reclaiming  the  waste  places  west  of 
the  Jordan  river  and  south  of  Great  Salt  Lake,  causing  many 
of  them  to  become  inviting  and  fruitful  localities.  The  carry- 
ing of  car  loads  of  our  fragrant  lilacs  to  the  flowerless  moun- 
tain towns  of  Colorado  was  an  idea  originated  by  Mr.  Senior 
and  carried  out  to  the  great  gratification  of  all  concerned,  by 
him,  at  his  own  expense;  he  was  also  the  originator  and  pro- 
motor  of  the  beautiful  ice  palace,  at  Leadville,  which,  in  the 
winter  of  189^5,  attracted  so  many  people  from  all  directions 
to  that  altitudinous  city.  He  is  a  thoroughly  progressive 


496 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


wide-awake  citizen,   who  wants   to   see   everybody  else,    as 
v.ell  as  himself,  advance  along  all  proper  beneficial  lines. 


DR.  R.   A.  HASBROUCK. 

THE  doctor  named  is  a  "Buckeye,"  having  been  born 
at  Weymouth,  Ohio,  on  April  8,  1858.  After  some  prelim- 
inary schooling,  he 
graduated  in  Bennett 
College,  Chicago,  in 
1882,  going  from 
there  to  Paris,  where 
he  studied  and 
passed  examination 
in  B.  S.,  becoming 
prepared  to  enter  the 
faculty  of  medicine 
upon  his  return  to 
thiscountry.  In 
1887-8,  he  was  as- 
sistant editor  of  the 
Chicago  Medical 
Times  and  resident 
physician  of  the  Ben- 
nett Hospital  there. 
After  some  time  thus 
spent,  he  resigned 
both  places  and 

turned  his  face  towards  the  setting  sun,  bringing  up  and 
settling  in  Salt  Lake  City,  where  he  has  been  signally  suc- 
cessful. 

Dr.  Hasbrouck  is  also  a  politician  and  mining  man.  He 
organized  the  Populist  party  in  Utah  and  was  chairman  of 
the  State  and  County  committees  until  the  party  endorsed 
Bryan  for  President,  when  he  broke  away  and  helped  to  or- 


DR.    R.    A.    HASBROUCK. 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE. 


497 


ganize  the  Socialists.  His  mining  investments  are  chiefly  in 
Bingham,  Utah,  and  Idaho,  and  have  resulted  quite  satisfac- 
torily. 

The  Doctor  is  a  direct  descendant  of  the  French  refugee 
Huguenots,  the  Hasbroucks  being  of  the  number  who  came 
to  America  in  1673,  and  settled  at  New  Poltz,  N.  Y.  He 
speaks  French  fluently  and  is  a  well  informed  man  generally. 


ALBERT  POWERS,  PHYSICIAN. 

DR.  POWERS,  Sanitary  Inspector  of  Ogden,  was  born  in 
Lawrence  County,  Illinois,  March,  8,  1845;  went  with  his 
parents,  to  Wisconsin  at  an-  early  age,  and  to  Iowa  in  1858, 

where  (at  Monona)  he  at- 
tended the  common  schools. 
In  1862,  he  enlisted  in 
Co.  H,  i7th  Iowa  Volun- 
teers, and,  being  wounded 
in  an  engagement,  returned 
home  in  December  of  that 
year;  afterwards,  attended 
and  taught  school,  and  then 
read  medicine  and  practiced 
medicine,  for  three  years, 
at  Castena,  Iowa.  He  then 
took  a  college  term  at  Keo- 
kuk,  and,  a  few  years  later, 
graduated  in  Marion  Sims' 
College  of  Medicine,  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  came  to 
Ogden  in  1875,  a°d  has 
ALBERT  POWERS.  practiced  there  ever  since, 

having  held  the  position  of  County  and  City  Physician  several 
times;  has  also  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Pension  Ex- 
aminers, for  Utah,  for  twelve  vears,  and  is -a  member  of  the 


498 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Utah  and  Weber  County  Medical  Societies  and  the  Amer- 
ican Association.  The  doctor  has  served  two  terms  in  the 
Ogden  City  Council  with  credit,  and  is  a  well  respected 
citizen. 


DR.  JAMES  E.  TALMAGE. 

A  MAN  of  great  attainments,  force  of  character  and 
natural  ability,  is  the  one  whose  name  appears  above.  He  is 
a  native  of  England,  having  reached  this  sphere  at  the  town 
of  Hungerford,  Berkshire,  on  September  21,  1862,  being  the 

second  child  and  oldest  son 
of  a  family  of  eleven,  the 
father  and  mother  being 
James  J.  and  Susannah  P. 
Talmage.  These  being  Mor- 
mons, the  son  himself  was 
baptized  into  the  Church  at 
the  age  of  ten.  He  acquired 
the  foundation  of  an  educa- 
tion in  the  local  schools,  and, 
having  an  "appetite  for 
knowledge,"  a  studious  dis- 
position and  the  faculty  of 
mer^<a]  assimilation  largely 
developed,  his  march  toward 
scholastic  eminence  was  up- 
ward and  onward.  When 
but  thirteen  years  old, his  par- 
ents set  sail  for  the  United 
States,  bringing  the  family 

with  them;  they  reached  Utah  in  1876  and  took  up  their 
residence  at  Provo,  where  James  entered  the  Brigham  Young 
Academy  and  soon  became  associated  closely  with  Dr. 
Maeser,  notices  of  whom  appear  in  that  connection.  Young 
Talmage  soon  graduated  and  at  once  became  a  teacher  in 


DR.  JAMES   E.   TALMAGE. 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE.  499 

the  more  advanced  branches,  and  graduated  from  the  col- 
legiate department  in  1881.  In  1882,  he  entered  Lehigh  Uni- 
versity, Bethlehem,  Pa.;  and,  after  an  active  experience,  re- 
tired and  received  the  baccalaureate  degree.  Subsequently, 
he  became  a  student  of  the  noted  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  had  to  live  economically,  but  managed 
to  get  along,  and  never  sacrificed  any  point  of  principle  re- 
garding his  religious  or  secular  career.  He  met  many  noted 
people,  among  them  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  and  the  good 
impressions  created  were  mutual.  His  skill  as  a  microscopist, 
made  him  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Microscopical  Society  of 
London;  also  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh, 
and,  soon  after,  he  became  a  Fellow  of  the  Geographical 
Society  of  London.  In  1897,  he  was  chosen  a  Fellow  of  the 
Geological  Society  of  America,  and  is,  besides,  a  member  of 
many  distinguished  societies. 

There  is  no  more  fluent,  perspicuous  speaker  of  English 
in  this  part  of  the  world,  if,  indeed,  anywhere,  than  Dr.  Tal- 
mage,  and  to  these  natural  qualifications  he  brings  the  pow- 
erful aids  of  deep,  broad  and  comprehensive  learning.  He 
is  an  extensive  traveler,  one  whose  travels  do  not  amount  to 
merely  going  somewhere,  but  are  the  means  of  gaining  newer 
and  better  information  regarding  the  people,  places  and  con- 
ditions traveled  among. 


JOHN  P.  MEAKIN,  "FRATERNAL  MINISTER." 

HERE  we  have  a  minister  without  a  church;  ergo,  with- 
out a  salary.  He  was  born  July  9,  1851,  at  Raunds,  North- 
ampton, England,  and  came  to  Zion  August  21,  1869.  He 
has  an  intellectual  fumily  of  a  wife  and  five  sons,  the  eldest  of 
these,  Fred  W.,  having  graduated  from  the  Philadelphia 
Dental  College,  the  second  being  in  the  theatrical  business, 
with  New  York^City  as  headquarters.  The  subject  hereof 
is  himself  a  dramatic  reader  of  unexcelled  ability. 


500 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Prof.  Meakin  is  a  man  of  aphorisms  rather  than  of  ser- 
mons. He  finds  no  fault  with  any  church,  but  wishes  they 
would  all  "talk  shop"  less  and  cultivate  the  spirit  of  pure  re- 
ligion more.  He  belongs  to  eeveral  fraternal  societies,  and 
as  a  lecturer  is  fluent,  versatile  and  decidedly  entertaining. 
Although  at  times  active  in  the  field  of  politics,  he  has  never 
sought  public  station,  and  cheerfully  admits  that  the  country 

can  run  along  without  his 
services  as  an  officeholder, 
and  would  rather,  as  he  ex- 
presses it,  "ask  one  man  for 
a  job  than  thousands." 
Honor,  he  contends,  "can- 
not  be  tacked  on,  or  doled 
out;  it  is  not  obtained  by 
gift,  but  comes  from  within." 
He  is  in  love  with  life,  hold- 
ing every  man  to  be  his 
brother  and  every  woman 
his  sister.  Altogether,  Prof. 
Meakin  is  a  thoroughly  good 
fellow,  sympathetic,  toler- 
ant and  charitable,  with 
more  native  ability  and 
genuine  character  than  the 
world  has  yet  given  him 
credit  for.  He  will  be  heard  from  wherever  he  may  be. 


JOHN    P.    MEAKIN. 


W.  K.  REID,  ATTORNEY. 

[Portrait  on  page  255.] 

MR.  REID,  who  is  a  leading  lawyer  of  Sanpete  County, 
resides  in  Manti.  He  was  born  in  Belfast,  Ireland.  October 
21,  1848,  and  came  to  Utah  on  November'  6,  1872.  Having 


PROFESSIONAL  PEOPLE.  501 

received  a  good  education  in  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow,  he  pro- 
ceeded to  put  it  to  good  use  by  teaching  school,  this  con- 
tinuing till  the  fall  of  1883;  while  thus  engaged,  he  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Utah  on  June  22,  1883.  He  held  the  office  of  County  At- 
torney for  nine  years,  and  Superintendent  of  District  Schools, 
five  years;  was  also  Probate  Judge  for  a.  term,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Twenty-first  Territorial  Legislature.  Mr. 
Reid  was  married  on  April  24,  1879,  to  Miss  Jane  Leatham, 
and  is  the  father  of  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom — eight  girls 
and  two  boys — are  living.  .  He  has  a  fine  practice,  extending 
throughout  the  State,  and  is  an  active  politician  when  politics 
is  *'on  tap." 


A.  J.  WEBER,  ATTORNEY. 

[Portrait  on  page  255.] 

MR.  WEBER  is  a  native  of  Iowa,  where  he  was  born 
some  forty -three  years  ago.  He  is  a  university  graduate,  an 
editor  and  a  lawyer  of  decided  ability.  He  formerly  resided 
in  Ogden,  but  ot  late  years  has  made  Salt  Lake  City  his 
home.  In  the  first  State  election  in  1895,  he  was  the  can- 
didate of  the  Democratic  party  for  Attorney  General,  but  the 
Republicans  had  the  call  on  everything  that  time,  and  he 
had  to  share  the  fate  of  his  ticket.  In  1900  the  performance 
was  repeated  with  some  variations,  none  of  them  having  any 
practical  bearing,  however;  it  is  to  be  said  in  his  favor  that 
he  made  a  splendid  canvass  and  deserved  the  success  he 
could  not  win. 

Mr.  Weber  has  become  noted  in  legal  circles  through 
his  remarkable  defense  of  Nick  Haworth,  slayer  of  a  night- 
watchman  at  Layton,  some  two  years  ago.  No  stone  was 


502  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

left  unturned  up  to  the  very  last  ditch.  The  attorney  has 
built  up  a  fine  practice  here,  and  is  a  thoroughly  good 
citizen. 


JOHN  ].  THOMAS. 

THIS  active  and  enterprising  citizen  of  Salt  Lake  City 
is  a  twin  brother  of  the  Postmaster  and  ex-Governor  Arthur 
L.  Thomas,  and  naturally  resembles  him  considerably.  He 
first  saw  the  light  of  day  at  Chicago,  111.,  on  August  22,  1851. 
In  1853  he  was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  where 
he  attended  the  public  schools  and  received  the  foundation 
of  an  education  which  was  afterwards  considerably  added  to. 
On  growing  up  toward  manhood  John  J.  took  the  advice  of 
Greeley  and  wended  his  way  westward,  bringing  up  in  Cal- 
ifornia, where  he  remained  for  some  lime  engaging  in  bus- 
iness. Later  he  came  to  Utah  and  finally  decided  to  make 
it  his  home.  Here  he  has  held  several  positions  of  promin- 
ence, being  a  member  of  the  City  Council  for  two  terms  and 
at  present  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Equalization.  He 
is  a  large  owner  of  and  dealer  in  realty  and  is  a  good  man  to 
have  in  any  community. 


SOME   NOTABLE  WOMEN. 


A    FEW    OF    THE    NAMES    THAT    ADORN    THE 
PAGES  OF  OUR  HISTORY. 

THIS  department  ought  to  be  one  of  the  longest  and  most 
comprehensive  in  the  book,  instead  of  being  the  briefest. 
The  roll  of  Utah  women  who  have  contributed  a  full  share 
toward  making  the  State  what  it  is  and  promises  to  be,  is  a 
long  and  altogether  splendid  one;  some  of  these  have  pre- 
viously herein  been  mentioned  in  an  incidental  yet  none  the 
less  impressive  way,  while  a  few  have  received  special  men- 
tion in  relation  to  their  public  stations.  It  is  deemed  proper 
to  single  out  a  few  from  the  many  who,  apart  from  such 
station,  have  "done  the  State  some  service,"  and,  by  the  labor 
of  their  minds  and  hands,  have  made  themselves  conspicuous 
in  the  commonwealth's  annals,  these  being  types  representa- 
tive of  all  the  grand  array,  none  the  less  grand  because  neces 
sarily  Abbreviated  here. 


MRS.  JANE  S.  RICHARDS. 

AMONG  the  notable  women  who  have  done  so  much  by 
their  faith  and  works  to  make  Utah's  fame  enduring  in  the 
annals  of  time,  no  name  is  more  deservedly  conspicuous  than 
that  which  heads  this  article.  She  is  a  native  of  the  Empire 


504 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


State,  her  birthplace  being  Pamelia,  Jefferson  County,  the 
date,  January  31,  1823.  The  parents'  names  were  Isaac  and 
Louisa  C.  Snyder,  both  New  Englanders,  of  excellent  social 
standing  and  good  attainments.  The  family  were  living  in 
Canada  when  the  faith  of  the  Latter-day  Saints  reached 
them,  and  it  was  at  once  embraced  by  all,  except  the  subject 
of  this  article  and  her  brother  Jesse,  The  family  set  out  for 
Missouri,  to  join  the  persecuted  people  with  whom  they  had 

connected  themselves,  but 
they  were  required  to  re- 
main at  La  Porte,  Indiana, 
for  two  years,  to  render 
assistance  to  the  Elders. 
The  girl,  then  but  seventeen, 
was  attacked  by  a  paralytic 
affliction,  which  brought  her 
to  the  brink  of  the  grave. 
She  then  accepted  the  Gos 
pel,  and  underwent  t  h  e 
severe  ordeal  of  being  bap- 
tized in  an  opening  made  in 
the  thick  ice  of  Lake 
La  Porte.  She  was  im- 
mediately healed,  and  has 
ever  since  been  a  staunch 
Latter-day  Saint.  Six 
months  later,  she  met  Elder 

(afterwards  Apostle)  Franklin  D.  Richards,  a  missionary, 
who  was  entertained  at  the  Snyder  residence,  and  about  a 
year  later  jecame  his  wife,  the  date  of  marriage  being  De- 
cember 18,  1842.  Taking  up  their  residence  at  Nauvoo, 
where,  on  December  2,  1844,  their  first  child  (Wealthy 
Lovisa)  was  born,  they  participated  in  many  of  the  heart- 
breaking persecutions  of  their  people.  On  June  u,  1846. 
the  little  family,  equipped  with  an  old  wagon,  drawn  by  oxen, 
and  so  much  of  provisions  and  utensils  as  were  necessary,  set 


MRS.  JANE   S.    RICHARDS. 


SOME  NOTABLE  WOMEN.  505 

their  faces  toward  the  West,  and  after  a  most  rigorous  jour- 
ney camped  at  Sugar  Creek,  Iowa,  where  the  wife  again  be- 
came a  mother,  this  time  of  a  son,  but  he  died  at  birth.  The 
sorrows  of  the  situation  were  unsoothed  by  the  husband,  he 
having  two  weeks  previously  started  on  a  mission,  to  pro- 
claim his  faith  to  the  people  of  England.  Think  of  such  ex- 
periences! The  mother,  suffering  and  helpless,  in  a  rude 
wagon,  a  long  way  from  civilization,  her  newly  born  babe 
dead  upon  her  breast,  the  husband  and  father  a  thousand 
miles  away,  bearing  a  message  of  peace  and  salvation  10  the 
human  family!  Soon  after,  upon  her  arrival  at  Winter  Quar- 
ters, her  little  daughter,  Wealthy,  died. 

In  due  course  of  time,  and  after  untold  hardships,  the 
family  reached  the  land  of  gathering — Utah.  Under  the  rude 
and  primitive  conditions  then  and  for  some  time  after  pre- 
vailing, the  progress  made  toward  securing  comfortable 
homes  was  slow,  but  it  was  sure.  Piece  by  piece  the  stren- 
uous situation  gave  way  to  better  things,  and  at  last,  "all  was 
well  with  the  Saints."  After  a  residence  of  several  years  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  during  which  the  husband  and  father  filled 
another  mission  in  England,  the  family  moved  to  Ogden, 
where  he  had  been  chosen  to  preside,  by  appointment 
of  President  Young,  and  where  Mrs.  Richards  took  up 
and  carried  forward  her  great  work  in  the  Relief  Societies. 
Though  not  desirous  of  publicity  and  in  anything  but  good 
health,  she  devoted  much  of  her  time  to  visiting  the  branches 
of  the  Stake  organization,  of  which  she  became  President  in 
1877,  having  five  years  previously  been  called  to  the  head  of 
the  Ogden  society.  Her  health  improving,  her  efforts  in- 
creased in  extent  and  effectiveness.  But  her  labors  were  not 
confined  to  Weber  Bounty,  nor  even  to  Utah,  but  took  on  a 
broader  and  more  comprehensive  scope.  She  was  for  many 
years  counselor  to  Mrs.  Zina  D.  Young,  the  President  of  al 
the  Relief  Societies,  and  was  also  Vice-President  of  the  Na- 
tional Relief  Society.  She  made  frequent  trips  east  and 
west,  always  making  influential  acquaintances,  creating  fa- 


33 


506  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

vorable  impressions,  and  doing  much  good  tor  the  cause  of  the 
people  generally  and  women  particularly.  She  became 
intimately  acquainted  with  such  women  of  world-wide 
renown  as  Susan  B.  Anthony  (who  was  very  much  at- 
tached to  her),  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  and  Belva  A.  Lock- 
wood.  She  attended  many  national  gatherings,  where  her 
work  and  her  personality  made  lasting  impressions. 

On  December  9,  1899,  the  crowning  sorrow  of  her  life 
befell  her,  in  the  death  of  her  honored  husband,  whose  career 
is  elsewhere  briefly  set  out  in  this  volume. 

Mrs.  Richards  in  the  mother  of  three  living  children: 
Hon.  Franklin  S.  Richards,  Mrs.  Josephine  Richards  West 
and  Hon.  Charles  C.  Richards,  her  third  son,  Lorenzo  M. 
Richards,  having  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-six  years.  He 
was  a  talented  young  man,  of  exceptional  business  ability  and 
pleasant  address.  He  left  a  charming  wife  and  daughter, 
who  are  now  respected  citizens  of  Ogden. 

Through  the  efforts  of  Mrs.  Richards,  an  elegent,  com- 
modious meeting  house,  for  the  Relief  Societies  of  Weber 
Stake,  has  been  erected  in  Ogden;  here,  conferences  are  held 
and  refreshments  are  provided  for  those  who  attend,  all  com- 
ers being  made  welcome.  The  house  was  finished  and  paid  for, 
with  its  equipment,  and  dedicated  on  July  19,  1902,  that  day 
being  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the 
Weber  Stake  Relief  Society  by  President  Brigham  Young, 
and  that  Society  being  the  first  Stake  Relief  Society  organ- 
ized in  the  Church. 


MRS.  CHESTER  E.  COULTER. 

MRS.  COULTER  is  best  known  to  Utah  people,  perhaps, 
through  her  association  with  club  work  and  membership  in 
the  Legislature.  She  has  been  prominently  connected  with 
the  principal  women's  clubs  of  Ogden,  in  which  city  she  has 


SOME  NOTABLE  WOMEN. 


507 


resided  during  the  past  eleven  years,  and,  more  recently,  was 
elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  Utah  State  Federation  of 
Women's  Clubs.  Mrs.  Coulter's  intellectual  gifts  and  charm 
of  personal  presence  brought  her  into  prominence  in  the  club 
with  which  she  is  connected,  the  appreciation  of  both  being 

shown  by  her  election,  twice 
over,  to  the  presidency  of 
the  Aglaia  Club,  the  chief  lit- 
erary society  of  Ogden,arid, 
later,  to  the  highest  office 
in  the  State  Federation. 
Her  attainments  have  not 
been  limited  to  club  lines. 
A  native  of  Illinois,  she 
graduated,  in  1878,  from 
the  High  School  at  Mt.  Car- 
roll, in  that  State,  and  after- 
ward from  the  Northwest- 
ern College,  in  1880.  She 
spent  three  years  studying 
in  the  literary  and  law  de- 
partments of  the  University 
of  Michigan,  and  received 
the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  that  institution  in  1885.  In  the 
same  year,  she  was  admitted  to  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Michigan  and  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois.  While  pur- 
suing her  studies,  she  was  teacher  and  tutor,  at  intervals, 
during  her  high  school,  college  and  university  life.  After 
her  marriage,  she  came  to  Utah,  where  she  has  resided  con- 
tinuously since  1888.  In  1897,  she  attended  the  summer 
lectures  at  her  alma  mater,  and  pursued  special  lines  of  study 
in  the  large  libraries  of  the  East.  She  says:  "Notwithstand- 
ing a  natural  tendency  toward  books,  rather  than  society,  I 
am  vitally  interested  in  the  progress  of  women  and  that 
of  the  world  in  general.  I  am  almost  a  fanatic  on  the 
subject  of  home,  and  think  woman  can  achieve  the  most  sat- 


MRS.   CHESTER   E.    COUNTER. 


508  U1AH  AS  II  IS. 

isfactory  results  in  this  field.  Perfected  social  conditions, 
however,  will  favor  woman's  independence  as  to  vocation, 
since  many  women  are  illy  calculated  for  motherhood  and 
home-making,  and  for  such,  as  far  as  happiness  and  welfare 
of  the  race  go,  it  were  better  they  should  seek  usefulness  in 
other  spheres  of  action." 

In  the  election  of  1902  Mrs.  Coulter  was  chosen  to  the 
lower  house,  being  the  only  woman  in  the  fifth  Legislature, 
She  was  appointed  to  the  most  important  chairmanship — the 
judiciary — and  in  that  and  all  other  capacities  made  an  en- 
viable record. 

Mrs.  Coulter  is  the  wife  of  Dr.  Chester  E.  Coulter,  one 
of  Ogden's  successful  physicians.  She  has  traveled  exten- 
sively in  the  United  States,  and  also  in  Canada,  the  West 
Indies  and  South  America,  and  has  resided  in  Illinois,  Mich- 
igan, California  and  Utah. 


MRS.    EMILY   S.    RICHARDS. 

• 

AMONG  the  grand  array  of  Utah  women,  whose  names 
and  fame  stand  out  conspicuously  and  honorably  before  the 
people  of  the  enlightened  world,  there  is  none  more  de- 
servedly prominent  or  worthily  praised  than  the  one  whose 
name  heads  this  chapter.  Her  nativity  and  the  circumstances 
surrounding  her  early  career  were  strikingly  suggestive  of 
those  of  many  of  the  heroines  of  the  Revolution,  whose  deeds 
have  shed  unfading  lustre  upon  American  achievement,  from 
the  dawn  of  freedom  down  to  its  fullest  fruition.  The  people 
were  sorely  pressed  in  fighting  stubborn  and  slowly  yielding 
nature,  as  well  as  many  of  the  creations  of  nature,  when  th 
subject  of  this  sketch  appeared  upon  the  scene,  the  time  being 
May  13,  1850,  and  the  place,  South  Cottonwood,  Salt  Lake 
County.  She  had  the  advantage  of  an  ancestry  whose  lives 
were  so  thoroughly  imbedded  in  principle  and  consecrated 
to  the  accomplishment  of  righteous  purposes,  that  hardships, 


SOME  NOTABLE  WOMEN. 


509 


dangers,  travail  and  toil  served  but  to  make  them  more  stead- 
fast and  loyal,  and,  under  such  influences,  their  daughter 
could  not  grow  up  otherwise  than  she  has  grown,  with  a 
mind  well  balanced  between  temporal  and  spiritual  things, 
a  heart  inclining  ever  to  the  right,  and  a  hand  always  ready 
to  execute  the  promptings  of  her  nature.  Like  many  another 
family  of  that  noble  band  of  Pioneers,  hers  had  known  wealth, 

comfort  and  refining  in- 
fluences which  these  with 
education  and  good  dispos- 
itions bring;  that  the  indur- 
ating experiences  through 
which  they  passed  in  settling 
Utah  and  laying  the  founda- 
tion stones  of  a  great  com- 
monwealth were  not  suffi- 
cient to  eradicate  the  genial 
effects  of  the  earlier  years, 
is  shown  not  only  in  their 
own  persons,  but  in  that  of 
the  one  concerning  whom 
these  lines  are  written.  In 
December, 1868. the  culmina- 
tion of  the  young  life 
romance,  which  ever  means 

so  much  for  weal  or  woe  to  the  race,  occurred — she  became 
the  wife  of  one  of  her  former  schoolmates,  Franklin  S.  Rich- 
ards, who  is  fully  mentioned  elsewhere.  It  proved  a  happy 
and  prosperous  union.  Soon  after  marriage  they  made  their 
home  in  Ogden,  which  proved  to  be  also  the  home  of  a  great 
reputation  for  both. 

Mrs.  Richards'  career,  as  a  notable  and  capable  worker 
in  the  cause  of  woman's  advancement,  began  soon  after  her 
arrival  in  Ogden,  when  she  received  an  appointment  as 
assistant  secretary  of  the  Female  Relief  Society;  she  then  be- 
came President  of  the  Young  Ladies'  Mutual  Improvement 


MRS.    EMII.Y   S.    RICHARDS. 


510  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

Association,  and  Vice-President  of  the  county  organization. 
During  a  long  term,  she  made  occasional  visits  East,  in  com- 
pany with  her  husband,  and  attended  many  gatherings  of 
women,  gaining  much  information  of  benefit  to  the  cause  in 
which  she  was  engaged.  In  1888  she  was  a  delegate  to  the 
International  Council  of  allied  organizations,  the  sessions  of 
which  continued  for  a  week.  A  delegation  from  Utah,  in 
the  interest  of  Statehood,  was  then  in  Washington,  and  "our 
peculiar  institutions"  were  receiving  unusual  attention  there- 
by. At  this  juncture.  Mrs.  Richards  succeeded  in  making  a 
broad,  wide  mark,  a  portion  of  the  details  of  which  were  thus 
in  one  of  the  local  papers: 


There  was  an  ominous  pause  in  the  mighty  throng  when  it  was  an- 
nounced from  the  platform  by  the  presiding  officer  that  the  Utah  delegate 
would  address  them.  Soon  a  lady  appeared,  moving  forward  among  the 
throng  oti  the  rostrum,  and  taking  her  place  beside  the  narrow  reading  desk. 
What  an  apparition!  It  was  not  a  feminine  Boanerges,  not  an  Amazon,  but  a 
delicate,  refined  Jady,  trembling  slightly  under  the  scrutinizing  gaze  of  the 
multitude,  yet  reserved,  self  possessed,  dignified,  and  as  pure  and  sweet  as 
an  angel  Her  appearance  was  a  powerful  antithesis  to  their  preconceived 
impressions,  and  the  change  of  feeling  in  the  audience  was  a-  most  instan- 
taneous. The  lady's  voice  began  its  utterances  on  a  scale  of  gently  tremu- 
lous pathos,  and  without  rising  into  high  pitch,  its  tenderness  sub  lued  every 
whisper  until  its  words  reached  every  ear  in  the  auditory  The  tenor  of  the 
address  was  what  might  have  been  expected  by  Utah  people,  an  orderly, 
scholarly  presentation,  su  h  as  would  serve  to  recite  facts  and  principles  and 
disarm  prejudice.  It  was  not  the  words  themselves,  but  the  gentle 
spirit  that,  like  the  morning  dawn,  went  with  the  words,  and  carried  winning 
grace  to  every  heart.  It  was  wonderful  how  sympathies  were  engmdered 
and  asperities  removed  When  the  ladv  concluded,  alter  half  an  hour's 
reading,  there  was  many  a  moist  eye,  and  many  a  listener  felt  thankful  that 
this  lovtly  apparition  had  given  them  a  new,  more  refreshing  and  more 
kindly  impression  of  Utah  people  and  institutions.  It  was  the  mighty  force 
of  the  gentle  sunlight  that  unlocks  the  iceberg  from  its  moorings  and  sets  it 
afloat  upon  the  broad  ocean. 

At  the  same  gathering  a  president  and  vice-president 
were  appointed  to  organize  suffrage  associations  in  Utah, 
Mrs.  Richards  being  assigned  to  the  latter  but  attaining  to 
the  former  position  through  the  refusal  of  the  appointee  to 
act.  The  work  was  successfully  carried  out. 


SOME  N01ABLE  WOMEN.  511 

In  1893,  Mrs.  Richards  was  appointed  President  of  the 
Utah  Board  of  Lady  Managers  for  the  Chicago  World's  Fair, 
and  a  daily  paper  of  that  city  had  the  following  very  com- 
plimentary mention  of  her  and  her  associates: 

All  of  the  Mormon  delegates  are  fine-looking  women.  It  is  said  that 
Utah  will  rival  Kentucky  in  its  pretty  women  if  you  only  give  twenty-five 
years  in  which  to  enjoy  the  advantages  that  have  only  recently  been  extend- 
ed to  them. 

The  President  of  the  World's  Fair  Board  of  Lady  Managers  from  Utah 
is  a  handsome  woman,  Utahn  by  birth,  but  of  New  York  descent.  She  is 
Emily  S.  Richards,  wife  of  Franklin  S.  Richards,  a  lawyer  of  Salt  Lake  City, 
who  achieved  distinction  in  the  law  and  has  argued  some  very  important 
cases  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States^ 

Not  even  in  metropolitan  New  York  and  cultured  Massachusetts  can  the 
superior  of  Mrs.  Richards  be  found  in  originality  of  work  and  independence 
of  thought. 

Mrs.  Richards  prepared  the  memorial  and  led  the  vic- 
torious campaign  for  equal  suffrage  at  the  time  of  our  Consti- 
tutional Convention,  the  President  of  the  Society,  Mrs.  Wells, 
being  absent  in  Washington.  She  was  elected  an  alternate 
to  the  Democratic  National  Convention  at  Chicago  in  1896, 
which  nominated  William  Jennings  Bryan  for  President.  She 
was  also  appointed  a  national  organizer  of  suffrage  associa- 
tions, and  spent  several  weeks  in  Idaho  working  for  equal 
suffrage  in  that  State. 

Many  important  positions  have  been  held  by  Mrs.  Rich- 
ards, she  being  Trustee  of  the  Agricultural  College  of  Utah; 
member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Salt  Lake  City  Free 
Library;  Director  of  the  National  Relief  Society;  Director  of 
the  Orphans'  Home;  President  of  the  Mothers'  Congress; 
Vice-President  of  the  Press  Club;  member  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  of  the  Woman's  Club,  and  President  of  the  Utah 
State  Council  of  Women,  which  she  represented  at  Washing- 
ton during  the  recent  suffrage  convention. 

It  would  be  unnecessary  as  well  as  requiring  a  great 
amount  of  space  to  give  in  detail  all  of  Mrs.  Richards'  labors 
and  achievements  in  behalf  of  the  cause.  To  her  more  than 
to  any  other  woman  belongs  the  honor  of  having  equal 


512  U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 

suffrage  made  an  integral  part  of  the  State  Constitution,  and 
she  has  figured  otherwise  in  politics.  Two  of  her  sons  are 
in  the  front  rank  of  our  rising  jurists,  being  members  of 
the  United  States  Supreme  and  other  courts.  She  loves  her 
family,  rejoices  in  the  friendship  of  her  friends  and  has  no 
enemies.  Always  generous,  well  appearing,  with  a  smile  for 
everyone  and  a  countenance  regular  and  comely,  looking 
quite  a  decade  younger  than  her  age,  invariably  busy  and  un- 
failingly accomplishing  things,  Mrs.  Richards'  life  story  is  not 
yet  told  by  many  years. 


MRS.  EMMELINE  B.  WELLS. 

OF  PURITAN  descent,  and  the  best  of  antecedents,  Mrs. 
Wells  is  a  type  of  a  class  worthy  of  great  consideration,  even 
as  she  herself,  without  reference  to  ancestry,  is  altogether 
worthy.  Her  maiden  name  was  Emmeline  Blanche  Wood- 
ward and  she  was  born  at  Petersham,  Worcester  County, 
Mass.  Her  family  was  of  Norman  extraction  and  came  from 
England  as  far  back  as  1630,  and  was  plentifully  represented 
in  the  great  struggle  for  American  independence.  She  was 
given  the  best  education  obtainable  at  the  time,  and  so  fast 
did  she  advance  that  at  the  age  of  fifteen  she  was  imparting 
scholastic  training  to  others.  Undoubtedly  she  had  experiences 
not  greatly  at  variance  with  those  of  other  young  people  of 
the  New  England  States,  but,  as  the  sequel  has  shown,  she 
had  a  spiritual  heart  and  when  the  time  came  for  its  develop- 
ment the  subject  was  ready,  notwithstanding  her  youth  and 
comparative  inexperience.  The  foundation  was  properly  laid, 
and  after  some  little  experience  along  gospel  lines,  accom- 
panied no  doubt  by  some  little  parental  influence,  she  was 
baptized  into  the  Mormon  Church  on  March  i,  1842 — 
a  cold  day  and  a  trying  time,  but  she  carried  it  through 
successfully  and  has  borne  out  in  the  best  possible  manner 


SOME  NOTABLE  WOMEN.  513 

all  the  duties  and  responsibilities  resulting  from  the  cere- 
mony. On  July  29,  1843,  she  was  united  in  marriage  to 
James  H.  Harris,  her  age  being  less  than  fifteen  and 
one-half  years.  After  participating  in  many  of  the  hard- 
ships and  perils  of  that  trying  period,  among  which  were 
the  death  of  her  first  child  on  October  6,  1844,  anc^  the. 
apostasy  of  her  husband  and  his  family,  she  joined  in  the  ex- 
odus of  her  people,  having  in  the  meantime  become  the  wife 
of  Bishop  N..K.  Whitney.  She  was  among  those  expelled 
by  the  mob  from  Nauvoo,  and  finally  reached  Salt  Lake 
valley  in  October,  1848.  The  experiences  following  were  of 
a  piece  with  many  that  are  recounted  herein  and  can  be 
summed  up  in  the  one  word  —  harrowing.  Two  other 
children  (subsequently  Mrs.  S.  W.  Sears  and  Mrs.  W.  W. 
Woods)  were  born  to  her  and  in  September,  1850,  her  hus- 
band died.  She  taught  school  and  got  along  as  best  she 
could,  and  in  October,  1852,  was  married  to  Gen.  D.  H. 
Wells,  that  Roman  of  modern  times  who  has  often  been 
mentioned  in  these  pages;  by  this  marriage  she  had  three 
daughters — Emmeline,  Elizabeth  A.  (now  Mrs.  John  Q. 
Cannon)  and  Martha  Louise. 

Mrs.  Wells  has  all  along  been  much  inclined  toward 
poetry  and  literature,  being  a  great  contributor  to  the  current 
publications.  She  has  been  editor  of  the  Woman's  Exponent 
since  1875,  nas  steadily  been  active  in  woman's  relief  work 
and  quite  a  factor  in  politics,  being  a  member  of  the  Repub- 
lican State  Committee.  She  is  still  vigorous  and  sprightly 
and  bids  fair  to  live  many  years  yet,  which  certainly  all  who 
know  her  will  cheerfully  hope  for. 


MRS.  ELIZABETH  C.    PIXTON. 

A  PIONEER  in  the  front  rank  and  a  grand  woman  is  Mrs. 
Pixtpn.      She   was  born  at  Chesterfield,  England,  on  Febru- 


514 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


ary  8,  1819.  She  was  the  daughter  of  John  and  Charlotte 
Cooper,  and  when  six  years  of  age  her  mother  died.  Living 
with  her  father  until  they  moved  to  Manchester,  she  was 
taken  and  cared  for  by  her  Aunt  Mary  Rigby.  At  the  age 
of  nineteen  she  was  married  to  Robert  Pixton.  She  re- 
mained in  England  for  two  years  :md  had  two  children,  Char- 
lotte and  George,  the  latter  dying  the  day  of  his  birth.  In 
December,  1843,  she  came  to  America  [and  joined  her  hus- 
band on  Island  21,  in  Arkan- 
sas. Here  they  remained 
-until  the  following  spring, 
when  they  moved  to  Nau- 
voo  with  Thomas  Silcock 
and  wife. 

Mrs.  Pixton  was  in 
Nauvoo  at  the  time  of  the 
martyrdom  of  Joseph  and 
Hyrum  Smith  and  heard  the 
Prophet  announce  that  he 
was  ''going  like  a  lamb  to 
the  slaughter."  Living  in 
Nauvoo  until  the  exodus, 
the  family  then  traveled  to- 
wards "the  promised  land" 
until  Mr.  Pixton  was  called 
to  go  to  Mexico  with  the 
Mormon  Battalion.  Mrs.  Pixton  yoked  and  unyoked  her  own 
ox-team  all  the  way  to  Salt  Lake  valley,  traveling  as  one  of  five 
wagons  in  President  Young's  company,  with  only  her  five- 
year-old  girl  as  wagon  companion.  The  company  arrived  in 
Salt  Lake  valley,  September  7,  1848. 

Subsequently  the  responsibility  of  their  large  family 
rested  upon  her  shoulders  nearly  all  the  time,  her  husband 
being  for  many  years  engaged  in  the  missionary  field.  Mrs. 
Pixton  and  four  of  her  children  now  live  at  Taylorsville.  She 


MRS.  ELIZABETH  C. 


SOME  NOTABLE  WOMEN. 


515 


has  almost  one  hundred  descendants,  one  among  the  number 
being  a  great-great-grandson. 


MRS.  E.  L.  H.  PEERY. 

ONE  of  the  best  and  most  favorably  known  women  of 
Ogden   particularly  and  Utah  generally,  is  Elizabeth  Letitia 

Higginbotham  Peery,  wife 
of  the  late  David  H.  Peery, 
a  sketch  and  portrait  of 
whom  appears  elsewhere. 
Mrs.  Peery  is  one  of  the  few 
who  had  the  honor  of  enter- 
ing this  life  at  the  headquar- 
ters of  the  Mormon  Church, 
historic  Nauvoo,  the  time 
being  a  most  tempestuous 
one  — January  13,  1846. 
When  two  years  old  she 
was  taken  to  Virginia  and 
lived  there  until  eighteen 
years  of  age,  when  she 
came  to  Utah  with  her 
mother  and  brothers,  this 
being  in  1864.  Her  marriage 
took  place  at  Hollidayburg,  Salt  Lake  County,  on  April  10, 
1865.  She  is  the  mother  of  seven  sons  and  three  daughters, 
two  of  the  latter  having  died  in  infancy.  Ogden  has  been 
her  home  for  many  years. 


MRS.    E.    I,,    H.    PEERY. 


DR.  NELL   C.  BROWN. 

THIS  popular  lady  practitioner,  whose  specialty  is  hair 
treatment,  is  a  native  of  Salt  Lake  City,  where  she  was 
born  May  10,  1872.  She  is  the  daughter  of  General  H.  B. 
Clawson  and  Mrs.  Emily  Y.  Clawson,  and  is  a  grand- 


516 


UTAH  AS  11  IS. 


daughter,  on  her  mother's  side,  of  the  great  Pioneer  leader, 
President  Brigham  Young.  As  a  child  she  attended  the 
local  public,  schools,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  entered  Kiel's 
Business  College,  San  Francisco,  returning  later  to  Salt  Lake 
City.  At  nineteen  she  was  married  to  the  late  Leigh  R.  Brown, 
to  whom  she  bore  a  son  and  two  daughters — the  eldest  twins, 
boy  and  girl.  Her  husband  died  December  5,  1899.  Mrs. 
Brown  then  went  to  San  Francisco,  and  studied  under  Dr. 


DR.    NELL   C.    BROWN. 

E.  E.  McLean,  the  leading  hair  physician  of  the  West.  In- 
genious, tactful  and  quick  to  learn,  she  made  rapid  progress 
in  her  chosen  profession,  and  by  her  personal  magnetism  and 
winning  ways  gained  many  friends.  After  graduating  she 
came  back  home  and  opened  offices  in  the  Templeton,  where 
her  patrons  became  so  numerous  that  she  was  compelled  to 
seek  more  commodious  quarters.  Her  present  establishment 
— 23  West  Third  South  Street — is  the  largest  of  its  kind  be- 
tween New  York  and  San  Francisco. 

It   is   a   pleasant  task   to  make  mention  in  these  pages, 


SOME  NOTABLE  WOMEN. 


517 


among  Utah's  self-made  men.  a  few  of  her  self-made  women, 
a  splendid  array,  conspicuous  among  whom  is  Dr.  Brown. 
The  phenomenal  success  attending  her  industry  and  persever- 
ance is  the  best  tribute  that  can  be  offered  to  the  practical 
side  of  this  wide-awake,  intelligent  little  woman,  whose  good- 
ness of  heart,  vivacious  disposition,  womanly  qualities  and 
attractive  ways  have  lost  nothing  by  reason  of  her  busy 
labors  in  the  arena  of  life's  realities. 


MRS.  W.  H.  JONES. 

THIS  well-known  resident  of  Salt  Lake  City  was  born  in 
Ontario,    Canada,   on    October    17,   1853.     Notwithstanding 

her  birthplace,  she  is  en- 
titled to  rank  as  a  native 
American,  her  parents  being 
such  at  the  time  of  her  birth. 
She  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Canada 
and  in  a  convent  at  Ogdens- 
burg,  N.  Y.  She  was 
united  to  her  present  hus- 
band— a  prominent  and  pros- 
perous mining  and  stock- 
man of  Salt  Lake  City — 
on  April  5.  1871,  in  New 
York,  and  soon  after  they 
came  to  Utah  and  have  lived 
here  ever  since.  Mrs.  Jones 
has  been  quite  active  in 
political  affairs  and  some- 
what noted  in  social  and  re- 
ligious circles.  She  was 

Treasurer  of  the  State  League  of  Republican  Clubs;  President 
of  the  Women's  Relief  Corps  for  six  years,  (which  position 
she  still  holds;)  President  of  the  Women's  Republican  Club 
for  three  years,  and  was  an  alternate  to  the  Republican  Na- 


MRS.    W.    H.   JONES. 


518 


U1AH  AS  U  IS. 


tional  Convention  of  1900,  which  nominated  McKinley  and 
Roosevelt,  being  the  only  lady  from  Utah  to  hold  such  a 
position;  she  is  also  President  of  the  Methodist  Church 
Society. 

Mrs.  Jones  is  tall,  well  appearing  and  highly  accom- 
plished. She  is  an  effective  worker  in  all  the  lines  named  and 
is  quite  popular  without  regard  to  religious  or  political  differ- 
ences, her  list  of  friends  and  acquaintances  being  very  exten- 
sive and  embracing  all  shades  of  opinion. 


MRS.    ELIZABETH  A.  HAYWARD. 

AMONG  the  prominent  women  who  have  become  so  not 
only  through  their  womanly  qualities  and   their    motherhood 

in  this  glorious  State,  but  also 
because  of  their  active  par- 
ticipation and  achievements 
in  public  affairs,  few  are  bet- 
ter known  or  entitled  to  more 
general  recognition  than  the 
one  above  named.  She  was 
born  in  Salt  Lake  City,  De- 
cember 23,  1854,  being  the 
daughter  of  Philip  and  Mar- 
tha Pugsley,  who  rank 
among  the  Pioneers,  having 
come  to  Utah  in  September, 
1853.  and  were  among  our 
best  known  and  most  re- 
spected citizens.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  achieved 
her  present  name  by  mar- 
MRS.  ELIZABETH  A.  HAYWARD.  riage,  on  December  23,  1875, 

to  Henry  J.  Hayward,  the    head  of  the    Salt   Lake  Building 
and  Manufacturing  Company. 

Mrs.  Hayward  has  contributed  nine  children  to  the  pop- 
ulation of   the   State   and  has   performed  a  wide  measure  of 


SOME  NOTABLE  WOMEN. 


519 


womanly  duties  otherwise.  She  has  taken  an  active  interest 
in  politics,  having  been  a  member  of  the  Woman's  Demo- 
cratic Club  since  its  organization,  immediately  after  State- 
hood. She  was  assistant  Secretary  for  one  year,  Secretary 
for  two  years,  then  President  for  the  years  1902  and  1903. 
She  was  also  President  of  the  Parents'  Club  of  the  Washing- 
ton school  district,  for  the  years  1901  to  1903,  and  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Library  Board  of  Salt  Lake  City.  She  has  an 
extensive  acquaintance  throughout  the  State  and  is  greatly 
respected  wherever  known.  She  will  undoubtedly  be  heard 
from  as  the  times  advance. 


MRS.  E.  J.  D.  ROUNDY. 

THIS   well-known    lady   whose    full    name    is  Elizabeth 
Jefford  Drake  Roundy,  is  a  native  of  England,  her  birthplace 

being  Axminst^r,  Devon- 
shire, the  time,  March  16, 
1830.  Her  father  and 
mother  were  George  M. 
and  Hannah  Jefford  Drake, 
the  former  being  a  descend- 
ant of  Sir  William  and  Sir 
Francis  Drake.  The  child 
was  orphaned  at  the  age  of 
ten  by  the  death  of  her 
father  and  her  mother  being 
an  invalid  her  path  was 
not  strewn  with  roses.  She 
was  raised  in  the  Episcopal 
church,  but  soon  discovered 
that  its  practices  did  not 
comport  with  her  reading  of 
Scripture,  and  this  led  to  m- 
MRS.  E.  j.  D.  ROUNDY.  vestigation.  Going  to  Lon- 

don, she  attended,  in  1851,  a 
meeting   of   Latter-day  Saints  and   then   heard    Elder  Jacob 


520  U1AH  AS  II  IS.     « 

Gates  pronounce  the  words  she  had  previously  received 
through  spiritual  communication.  She  at  once  applied  for 
baptism  and  it  was  performed  December  31,  1851.  She  was 
at  once  and  right  along  subjected  to  considerable  ostracism, 
even  her  mother  joining  in.  She  was  married  on  July  13,. 
1852,  to  Elder  Henry  R.  Ballam,  who  treated  her  brutally 
and  was  afterwards  expelled  from  the  Church,  but  was  re- 
admitted and  a  truce  patched  up,  the  terms  of  which  were 
poorly  kept.  Finally,  in  May,  1857,  she  set  sail  for  America 
and  landed  in  Philadelphia  July  3,  1857.  She  soon  after  gave 
birth  to  her  fourth  child,  a  girl,  two  boys,  the  second  and 
third,  having  died. 

Mrs.  Roundy  came  to  Utah  in  1859,  having  previously 
been  married  to  Daniel  Davis,  a  resident  of  Washington,  D.  C., 
to  which  place  she  removed  in  1860  and  lived  there  during 
the  war,  in  which  her  husband  engaged.  She  obtained  an 
appointment  in  the  Treasury  Department,  in  March,  1864, 
receiving  $75  a  month.  On  the  presentation  of  the  noted 
Cullom  anti-Mormon  bill  in  Congress  she  resigned  her  posi- 
tion and  went  to  work  for  her  people.  She  prepared  a  mem- 
orial which  was  signed  by  56  ladies  of  her  acquaintance  and 
was  presented  in  the  House  by  Gen.  B.  F.  Butler.  She  had 
a  harder  time  getting  a  hearing  in  the  Senate,  however;  and 
after  a  great  deal  of  persistence  she  succeeded  in  confronting 
the  great  Charles  Sumner,  who  accorded  her  thirty  seconds 
time,  which  he  greatly  extended  and  ended  by  promising  her 
(after  a  very  interesting  interview)  that  the  bill  should  never 
leave  the  committee  room,  which  it  never  did.  He  even  un 
bent  his  great  dignity  so  far  as  to  walk  with  her  to  the  door 
and  told  her  to  call  on  him  for  any  assistance  he  could  render. 

Mrs.  Roundy  (or  Davis)  was  a  witness  to  a  great  deal 
of  suffering  entailed  by  the  war  and  did  a  noble  work  in 
helping  to  alleviate.  Returning  to  Utah  she  resumed  her 
field  of  activity  in  behalf  of  the  right  and  has  been  most  in- 
dustriously engaged  ever  since.  A  complete  record  of  her 
achievements,  in  the  religious,  social  and  political  field  wpuld 


SOME  NOTABLE  WOMEN. 


521 


be  out  of  the  question.  Having  secured  a  divorce  from  her 
husband  on  the  ground  of  drunkenness  contracted  while  in  the 
army,  she  was  married  in  1897  to  Bishop  Jared  C.  Roundy, 
who  died  in  Arizona  in  1897.  She  attended  upon  the  poetess 
Eliza  R.  Snow  during  her  closing  days  and  was  very  near 
and  dear  to  her,  undergoing  many  privations  to  carry  out  the 
departing  woman's  wishes.  She  is  an  adept  in  oil  painting, 
which  she  first  took  up  when  62  years  old.  At  the  present 
time  she  is  President  of  the  Women's  Democratic  Club,  but 
her  friendships  extend  into  all  parties,  creeds  and  conditions. 


MRS.  E.  M.  COHEN. 

WELL   known    and  highly  respected   in   the   social   and 
political    circles    of    this   community    is    Mrs.   Elizabeth    M. 

Cohen,  wife  of  Joseph.  M. 
Cohen,  to  whom  she  was 
married  in  New  York  in 
1878.  She  was  also  born 
in  that  city  in  1860,  and 
graduated  with  honor  at  the 
schools  there.  Coming  to 
Utah  in  1880,  they  lived  in 
Park  City  till  1891,  when 
they  moved  to  Salt  Lake 
City  and  have  resided  there 
ever  since. 

Mrs.  Cohen  has  always 
taken  a  great  interest  in 
political  events,  but  did  not 
engage  in  practical  work 
until  the  admission  of  Utah 
into  ^the  Union.  She  then 
MRS.  E.  M.  COHEN.  allied  herself  with  the  Wom- 

en's   Democratic     Club,    in 
which  she  held  various   positions,  including  the  presidency, 

34 


522  UTAH  AS  IT  IS.' 

and  under  her  administration  of  the  latter  office  the  club  be- 
came a  potent  factor  in  local  politics.  Besides  these,  she  has 
been  chairman  of  the  Fortieth  District  Democratic  Committee, 
historian  of  the  State  Council  of  Women,  President  of  the 
Parliamentary  Club  and  member  of  the  Library  Board.  In 
1900  she  was  the  candidate  of  her  party  for  the  Legislature, 
but  it  was  a  sweeping  Republican  year  and  she  went  the  way 
of  the  ticket.  She  has  four  children,  the  eldest  being  married 
to  a  grandson  of  the  late  Apostle  Orson  Pratt. 

Undoubtedly  the  most  conspicuous  feature  of  Mrs. 
Cohen's  political  career  was  her  election  as  an  alternate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Convention  held  at  Kansas  City  that 
year,  becoming  a  full-fledged  delegate  through  the  magnan- 
imous action  of  Robert  C.  Chambers.  Being  the  first  woman 
who  was  ever  thus  honored  in  that  party,  she  was  naturally 
the  cynosure  of  all  eyes  from  first  to  last.  That  she  passed 
the  ordeal  successfully,  her  self-possession  and  womanly 
dignity  never  deserting  her  for  a  moment,  is  something  of  a 
tribute  to  the  women  of  Utah  as  well  as  herself.  Nor  was 
her  participation  in  the  proceedings  perfunctory  by  any 
means;  she  was  there  for  something  else  than  merely  looking 
on  and  voting.  When  the  proper  time  arrived  Congressman 
Richardson  taking  the  floor  said: 

"Gentlemen  of  the  convention:  You  see  before  you  the 
delegate  from  Utah.  True  to  her  sex,  she  was  too  modest 
to  present  herself  when  her  State  was  called.  I  now  take 
great  pleasure  in  introducing  to  you  Mrs.  Cohen,  the  lady 
delegate  from  Utah." 

Mrs.  Cohen  responded  as  follows: 

'<Mr.  Chairman  and  gentlemen  of  the  convention:  On 
behalf  of  the  State  of  Utah,  I  take  great  pleasure  in  second- 
ing the  nomination  of  that  grand  and  noble  exemplar  of  all 
that  is  pure  and  holy  in  political  and  domestic  life,  Hon. 
William  J.  Bryan,  and  the  Democrats  of  Utah  pledge  25,000 
majority  for  Mr.  Bryan." 

This  was  received  with  tumultuous  applause.     It  should 


SOME  NOTABLE  WOMEN.  523 

be  here  noted  that  Mrs.  Cohen  was  appointed   honorary  sec- 
retary of  the  convention. 

Mrs.  Cohen  has  an  attractive  personality  and  demean- 
or. She  is  an  excellent  exemplification  of  what  was  pre- 
viously contended  and  is  now  generally  recognized,  that 
women  can  engage  in  politics  without  sacrificing  one  jot  of 
their  native  modesty  and  dignity  or  neglecting  their  domestic 
affairs  in  the  smallest  measure. 


MRS.  V.  A.  STICKNEY. 

[Portrait  on  page  358.] 

MRS.  VENETIA  ANNA  STICKNEY,  the  organizer  and 
superintendent  of  the  Children's  Aid  and  Home-Finding 
Association  of  Utah,  was  born  April  20,  1848,  in  Phillips, 
Maine.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Andrew  J.  and  Lavina 
Parker,  of  Scotch  and  English  blood.  Her  mother  died 
when  she  was  eight  years  old  and  she  was  largely  dependent 
upon  her  own  efforts  for  an  education.  In  childhood  ^he  re- 
solved to  become  a  school  teacher;  many  obstacles  seemed 
to  hinder  her  progress,  yet  she  courageously  grappled  with 
her  studies.  While  others  wasted  their  time  she  studied,  and 
when  16  years  old  she  taught  her  first  district  school  in  her 
native  township. 

She  married  John  H.  Stickney,  moved  to  Minnesota  and 
became  mother  of  four  children.  Her  husband  died  in 
Minneapolis  in  1875,  leaving  her  with  three  children  aged 
two,  six  and  eight  years.  Again  she  entered  the  schoolroom 
for  a  living  and  continued  to  teach  for  eleven  years;  seven 
years  of  this  time  she  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  Minne- 
apolis, Minnesota.  Her  beautiful  children,  which  were  her 
life  aqd  hope,  were  taken  away  one  by  one  until  tfye  last  one. 


524  UTAH  AS  IT  IS.  > 

then  a  noble  man  22  years  old,  was  instantly  killed  in  a  rail- 
road accident,  and  she  was  all  alone.  In  her  great,  crushing 
sorrow,  while  the  heart  ached  and  bled  for  home  and  the  loved 
ones,  her  affections  went  out  to  others.  Even  while  she  was 
weak  from  her  own  suffering,  she  stretched  forth  her  hands 
to  the  needy  in  her  locality,  giving  her  time  and  personal 
efforts  to  the  sick  and  sorrowing  ones  within  her  reach.  She 
was  a  constant  worker  in  mission  work  and  Sunday  schools 
for  years  while  teaching  in  day  school.  All  forms  of  rescue 
work  in  Minneapolis  have  been  aided  by  her  work  and  humble 
means. 

In  1892  she  attended  the  Bible  Institute  in  Chicago,  111., 
and  did  Sunday  school  mission  work  at  the  same  time.  In 
•  1893  she  was  called  to  St.  Louis  to  take  charge  of  Bethesda 
Maternity  Hospital,  and  while  there  her  health  became  so  im- 
paired she  retired  from  public  work  for  saveral  years.  She 
afterwards  went  to  California  for  her  health  and  there  entered 
"home-finding"  work  with  the  American  Home-Finding  As- 
sociation of  the  Pacific  Coast.  She  was  in  this  position  when 
the  Scofield  disaster  occurred.  Through  correspondents  in 
Salt  Lake  City  and  Scofield,  she  was  urged  to  come  to  Utah 
to  arrange  a  home-finding  work  here.  She  responded  to 
this  call  and  reached  Salt  Lake  in  May,  1900.  With  the  aid 
of  the  Christian  workers  the  Society  was  organized  May  29th, 
1900,  as  the  American  Home-Finding  Association  of  Utah,  a 
branch  of  the  California  work.  Tw.o  years  later  the  work 
became  independent  of  the  mother  society  and  afterwards  in- 
corporated as  the  Children's  Aid  and  Home-Finding  Associa- 
tion of  Utah.  The  aim  and  object  of  this  work  is  to  preserve, 
on  a  patriotic  basis,  the  home  life,  by  placing  each  homeless 
one  with  a  select  family,  where  love  and  adoption  makes  the 
lone  one  a  member  of  the  family  receiving  it.  Through  Mrs. 
Stickney's  efforts  a  bill  for  protecting  dependent  children 
was  framed,  the  same  passing  both  houses  of  the  Utah  Legis- 
lature in  1903  without  a  negative  vote. 

The   hearts   of  the   people  of  Utah  are  ever  open  to  a, 


SOME  NOTABLE  WOMEN. 


525 


homeless    child    and   this    grand   work   is  meeting  with  the 
approval  it  deserves. 


MRS.  J.  FEWSON  SMITH. 

THIS  well-known  member  of  Salt  Lake  society  was 
born  in  Liverpool,  England,  in  March,  1832.  She  descended 
from  an  ancient  Norman-French  line  on  her  father's  side. 
She  was  liberally  educated  in  England  and  Germany  and  re- 
ceived Mormonism  in  April, 
1851;  was  married  and 
came  to  Utah  in  May,  1862, 
arriving  here  the  fall  of  the 
same  year.  At  the  sugges- 
tion of  President  Young, 
she  engaged  in  teaching  the 
following  year.  When  the 
cause  of  woman  suffrage 
was  introduced  here  she  im- 
mediately identified  herself 
therewith,  having  learned 
the  doctrine  of  "equal 
rights"  and  the  art  of  cam- 
paigning and  vote-getting 
in  her  childhood's  home. 
She  cannot  recall  the  time 
when,  at  elections-,  she  did 
not  Wear  the  badge  of  her 
father's  party;  she  therefore 

became  an  earnest  and  zealous  worker.  When  Statehood 
came  to  Utah  she,  as  ;i  whole-souled  Democrat,  united  her- 
self with  that  party  and  was  promptly  made  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee  of  her  precinct  as  well  as  chairman  of 
her  district,  which  position  she  held  until  failing  health  de- 
manded her  release.  She  was  the  first  vice-chairman  of  the 
first  State  convention  held  after  Statehood,  and  served  in  the 


MRS.  J.   FEWSON    SMITH. 


526  U1AH  AS  II  IS. 

same   capacity  still   later,  once   in   the  judiciary  convention. 

Though  much  pressed  to  run  for  office  Mrs.  Smith  ever 
stoutly  declined,  on  the  ground  that  she  religiously  believed 
in  the  divine  right  of  man  to  lead  and  direct,  with  woman 
a  close  second,  to  pick  up  the  reins  when  from  neglect  or  any 
other  cause  he  should  allow  them  to  drop.  But  she  was 
ever  an  active  member  of  the  important  "third  house"  of  the 
Legislature,  where  she  managed  to  do  some  good  work;  for 
instance,  she  was  instrumental  in  getting,  with  the  aid  of  Rep- 
resentative Mrs.  Coulter  and  Senator  McKay,  a  resolution  en- 
dorsing woman  suffrage,  the  first  attempt  of  the  kind  made 
in  the  State.  The  social  club  work  does  not  appeal  strongly 
to  her;  in  her  judgment,  it  is  carried  to  excess;  but  is  heartily 
in  accord  with  the  mother's  work,  being  a  member  of  the 
Mother's  Federation  and  President  of  the  Longfellow  branch. 

When  the  "Utah  State  Council  of  Women"  was  organ- 
ized, she  was  elected  recording  and  corresponding  secretary, 
from  which  position  she  has  recently  retired.  Her  most 
cherished  work  is  that  of  the  Children's  Aid  and  Home  Find- 
ing Association  of  Utah,  of  which  she  is  a  member  of  the 
board  of  directors,  a  work  well  worthy  the  earnest  attention 
of  all  interested  in  the  rescue  of  fallen  humanity.  She  was 
the  first-born  child  of  Elder  Joseph  V.  Vernon,  one  of  the  five 
members  of  Utah's  ill-fated  Pioneer  Manufacturing  Company, 
who  came  from  Liverpool  in  1852,  bringing  valuable  machin- 
ery for  the  manufacture  of  sugar.  In  company  with  Taylor, 
Collins,  Coward  and  Brown,  he  sought  to  establish  that  use- 
ful industry  here  even  at  that  early  date,  bringing  with  them 
their  own  money  for  investment;  but  not  finding  things  pro- 
pitious they  became  discouraged  and  finally  'gave  it  all  up. 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


TYPES    OF    THE    GRAND    ARRAY    THAT    HAS 
MADE  UTAH  WHAT  IT  IS. 

WOULD  that  it  were  possible  to  measure  the  length, 
breadth  and  consequence  of  the  wondrous  work 
wrought  by  those  who  are  presented  herein  and  their  fellows 
in  founding  and  building!  Such  a  consummation  in  such 
shape  and  within  such  compass  as  would  enable  one  to  com- 
prehend it  in  its  fullness,  would  be  a  marvel  of  our  time  or  of 
any  time.  The  reader  who  has  followed  patiently  the 
chapters  of  this  book  from  the  beginning  to  this  point,  will 
need  but  the  succeeding  portion  to  give  him  as  thorough  an 
understanding  regarding  the  subject  as  it  is  possible  to  im- 
part; and  having  achieved  so  much,  even  though  the  achieve- 
ment as  a  whole  be  far  from  full-orbed,  is  something  to  be 
thankful  for. 

The  work  of  building  up  so  nobly  begun  and  persist- 
ently carried  on  by  the  first  settlers  and  those  who  came 
later,  spoken  of  extensively  in  previous  chapters,  was  by  no 
means  fully  treated  therein  nor  has  it  ever  been  done  or,  as 
stated,  is  it  possible  to  do  it;  but  while  no  one  can  succeed 
entirely,  each  one  who  essays  the  task  can  do  the  most  of 
which  he  is  capable  and  add  something,  perhaps  considerable, 
to  what  already  exists  as  a  record.  This  undoubtedly  has 
been  done  in  most  if  not  all  instances.  The  builders  are  a 


528  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

much  more  extensive  and  comprehensive  class  than  that  of 
the  Pioneers,  embracing  as  it  does  not  only  the  beginners  but 
all  who  have  come  subsequently  and  made  Utah  their  home, 
these  containing  a  representation  of  pretty  much  "all  nations, 
kindreds,  tongues  and  people" — men  and  women  of  all  shades 
of  opinion  and  every  phase  of  belief.  Without  drawing 
such  lines  of  distinction,  and  looking  only  to  what  each  has 
done  to  upbuild  Utah,  this  department  is  compiled  and 
presented. 


WILLIAM  S.  GODBE. 

CONSPICUOUS  among  the  men  through  whose  sagacity, 
perseverance  and,  at  times,  courage,  the  45th  State  has  been 
pushed  to  a  lofty  place  among  the  great  industrial  and  pro- 
ductive centres  of  the  world,  is  the  gentleman  (now  deceased) 
whose  portrait  appears  herewith.  He  was  a  native  of  Eng- 
land but  came  to  the  United  States  at  the  early  age  of  ten 
years,  and  subsequently  having  become  a  convert  to  the 
Mormon  faith  he  settled  in  Salt  Lake  City,  where  he  soon 
became  engaged  in  commercial  enterprises.  He  established 
the  first  drug  store  that  was  ever  seen  between  the  Missouri 
and  Sacramento  rivers,  and  it  is  still  in  existence,  though  it 
has  been  in  other  hands  for  some  25  years,  Mr.  Godbe  hav- 
ing withdrawn  about  that  long  ago.  At  that  time  he  turned 
his  whole  attention  to  mining  and  milling,  with  which  he  had 
previously  been  connected  to  some  considerable  extent,  and 
he  became  one  of  the  best  known  and  most  active  workers 
in  those  industries. 

While  Mr.  Godbe  led  a  life  of  unsurpassed  activity,  it 
has  not  at  all  times  been  free  from  drawbacks  ot  a  more  or 
less  serious  character.  While  Utah  was  in  the  measurably 
quiescent  condition  which  preceded  the  advent  of  the  Union 
Pacific  railroad  there  was  but  little  occasion  or  opportunity 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


529 


for  friction,  and,  so  far  as  relates  to  him,  none  at  all.  But 
the  laying  of  the  first  iron  rail  upon  our  soil  marked  the  be- 
ginning of  a  new  era  in  which  he  was  destined  to  play  an 
important  part.  New  conditions  and  strange  circumstances 

were  ushered  in. 
The  mining  in- 
dustry was  begin- 
ning to  assume 
important  propor- 
tions and  the  na- 
tional h  i  gh  w  ay 
gave  it  an  irresist- 
ble  f  or  war  d 
movement.  Mr. 
Godbe  recogniz- 
ing with  unerring 
intuition  that  the 
first  few  drops  of 
water  from  the 
great  volume  had 
crept  across  the 
dyke  and  that  at 
once  the  flood 
would  f  o  1 1  o  w  ? 
sweeping  every- 
thing before  it, 
prepared  to  adjust 
himself  and  his 
affairs,  to  the  coming  commercial  tide.  In  the  Utah  Maga- 
zine, of  which  he  was  the  chief  owner  and  one  of  the  editors, 
the  unrestricted  and  systematic  opening  and  working  of  the 
mineral  resources  even  then  known  to  be  very  great,  was  ad- 
vocated with  fearless  and  able  persistence.  That  such  a 
policy  should  meet  with  opposition  seems,  in  the  light  of  ex- 
isting conditions,  to  be  almost  inexplicable,  but  so  it  was, 
many  of  his  frhends  and  associates  holding  to  the  belief  that 


S.   GODBE. 


530  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

his  action  was  premature.  He  maintained  his  course,  how- 
ever, and  while  he  never  resumed  his  former  affiliations,  he 
retained  to  the  end  the  good  will  and  respect  of  those  from 
whose  religious  brotherhood  circumstances  had  compelled 
him  to  withdraw.  After  some  time,  and  many  years  before 
his  death,  mining  ceased  to  be  a  proscribed  occupation  and 
was  engaged  in  by  all  classes. 

Extensive  as  were  Mr.  Godbe's  operations  in  Utah,  his 
labors  were  not  confined  to  this  commonwealth  b}-  any 
means.  In  Nevada  he  carried  on  mining  and  milling  to  an 
extent  that  has  placed  him  in  the  front  rank  of  the  many  en- 
terprising men  of  that  class.  He  but  recently  effected  a  sale 
of  his  interests  there  for  a  very  large  figure,  and  was  plan- 
ning other  large  transactions  when  sickness  overtook  him 
and  held  him  in  its  grasp  until  August  i,  1902,  when  he 
quietly  passed  to  the  other  shore,  leaving  a  multitude  of 
friends  and  not  one  enemy. 

Mr.  Godbe  was  a  profound  thinker,  a  thorough  inves- 
tigator and  had  a  mind  well  stored  with  the  learning  of  his 
own  and  other  days.  He  was  a  hne  speaker  and  a  writer 
equaled  by  but  few,  being  also  a  poet  of  recognized  ability 
and  extensive  reputation.  His  word  was  his  bond,  his  bus- 
iness contracts  were  sacred  obligations,  and  he  sought  to  live 
on  terms  of  peace  and  good  will  with  all  mankind. 


MOSES  THATCHER. 

IN  THE  long  and  gratifying  list  of  names  which  have  be- 
come conspicuous  at  home  and  abroad  by  reason  of  superior 
faculties  properly  trained  and  directed,  Utah  takes  especial 
rank.  No  commonwealth  had  a  beginning  more  inauspicious; 
as  is  shown  in  the  proper  places  in  this  book,  the  necessity 
for  producing  material  things  was  the  first  consideration,  scho- 
lastic culture  following  as  rapidly  as  hard  circumstances 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


531 


would  permit  But  it  did  follow,  in  fact  it  was  never  lost 
sight  of,  those  who  were  at  the  head  realizing  that  education 
must  accompany  all  other  forms  of  development  and  adding 

as  rapidly  to  what  was  first 
established  in  the  way  of 
schools  as  possible.  No 
matter  as  to  the  begin- 
nings, let  us  look  at 
results.  There  is  no  finer 
school  system  in  any  State 
than  that  of  Utah,  nor  a 
larger  proportionate  school 
attendance,  and  this  has 
been  the  case  for  years; 
the  growth  was  for  a  long 
time  measurably  slow,  but  it 
has  been  steady  and  acquired 
increased  momentum  as  it 
went  along,  and  it  eventua- 
ted the  University  of  Des- 
eret  (now  Utah,)  where  the 
gentleman  whose  portrait  appears  above  received  his  graduat- 
ing course,  his  preliminary  studies  having  been  previously 
attended  to  with  care. 

Mr.  Thatcher  has  attained  eminence  not  only  as  an  ex- 
ponent of  his  faith  and  a  diplomatic  agent  for  his  Church,  but 
in  the  field  of  politics  he  has  been  a  bright  and  shining  light. 
As  in  everything  else,  he  has  not  rested  upon  a  mere  super- 
ficial knowledge  of  political  systems,  but  has  made  a  thorough 
study  of  the  philosophy  and  practical  workings  of  our  and 
other  national  structures,  such  as,  with  his  great  rhetorical  gifts^ 
have  made  him  altogether  fit  to  occupy  the  lofty  station  for 
which  he  has  twice  been  named  and  to  which  he  was  once 
within  two  votes  of  being  chosen,  the  U.  S.  Senatorship. 
This  was  in  the  famous  struggle  in  the  Utah  Legislature  of 
1897;  fifty-four  ballots  were  taken  and  Mr.  Thatcher's  vote 


MOSES   THATCHER. 


532  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

steadily  increased  to  the  last,  when  it  was  30,  at  which  point 
the  opposition  effected  a  coalition  and  with  the  aid  of  one 
Republican  vote  he  was  defeated.  This  contest  is  elsewhere 
set  out  at  length.  The  result  was  more  of  a  blow  to  his 
supporters  and  friends  than  it  was  to  himself,  but  of  course, 
having  been  the  choice  of  the  majority  of  his  party  and  not 
having  forced  himself  into  a  candidacy,  he  had  the  right  to 
regard  the  unexpected  if  not  unjust  outcome  with  feelings  the 
reverse  of  pleasurable. 

Mr.  Thatcher  has  held  several  public  stations,  among 
them  being  for  several  terms  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature,  where  he  showed  such  a  natural  aptitude  for 
law-making  that  he  was  a  recognized  leader.  As  a  public 
speaker  he  has  but  few  equals,  and  on  all  occasions  he  can 
command  a  following  that  any  man  might  be  proud  of.  He 
has  reached  the  point  of  life  at  which  his  faculties  are 
matured  without  being  impaired,  and  the  legion  of  friends  by 
whom  he  is  surrounded  confidently  look  forward  to  the  time 
when  the  State  will  avail  itself  of  his  talents  and  capabilities 
in  a  loftier  political  station  than  any  he  has  yet  filled. 


NATHAN  TANNER. 

SOME  men's  lives  are  a  history  of  the  cause  they  repre- 
sent, and  by  publication  become  a  landmark  indicative  of  the 
passing  of  the  race  and  characteristics  of  the  age  in  which 
they  occur.  One  of  these  is  father  Nathan  Tanner,  frontiers- 
man, pathfinder,  Pioneer,  colonizer  and  builder,  but  above  and 
beyond  all,  a  true  humanitarian  and  a  devout  Christian.  He 
is  a  son  of  John  and  Lydia  Stuart  Tanner,  and  was  born  in 
Greenwich,  Washington  County,  New  York,  on  May  14, 1815, 
just  after  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  His  early  life  was  spent 
amid  domestic  circumstances  on  his  father's  farm,  and  when 
only  sixteen  years  of  age,  he  was  baptized  into  the  Mormon 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


533 


Church,  whereby  he  is  now  the  oldest  living  member  so  far 
as  known.  He  obtained  as  much  schooling  as  could  be  had 
in  those  primitive  times,  and  in  1833,  went  to  Kirtland,  Ohio, 

and  became  associated  with 
the  Prophet  Joseph,  with 
whom,  in  the  following  year, 
he  made  ihe  trip  from  Zion's 
Camp  to  Missouri,  and  be- 
came thoroughly  acquainted 
with  him.  During  that  time 
of  awful  travail  for  the  peo- 
ple, Elder  Tanner  was  a 
good  Samaritan  in  practice 
and  precept,  his  works  and 
teachings  being  of  great 
value  to  them.  (At  this 
latter  place  he  w;is  acting  in 
the  commissary  department.) 
In  1836,  being  then 
twenty  years  old,  he  went 
on  a  mission  to  the  Eastern 
States,  which  he  satisfac- 
torily filled,  and  while  so 

laboring  at  Bolton,  New  York,  became  the  husband  of 
Rachel  Winter  Smith,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  returned  to 
Kirtland  with  numerous  converts.  During  the  mobbings  and 
maraudings  in  Missouri  and  Illinois,  Elder  Tanner  was  nearly 
always  in  evidence.  His  love  for  the  people  and  their  lead- 
ers was  ever  superior  to  selfish  considerations,  and  no  peril 
was  too  great,  no  sacrifice  too  trying,  to  make  him  shrink 
from  standing  in  the  breech,  whenever,  by  so  doing,  others 
could  be  protected.  His  life,  his  property  and  his  sacred 
honor  were  all  and  almost  always  on  the  altar.  He  gathered 
up  the  homeless,  sheltered  the  refugees,  was  a  father  to  the 
fatherless  atod  a  helper  to  all  in  need.  The  mobs  at  various 
times  sought  to  "bluff"  him,  but  being  a  man  of  unflinching 


NATHAN   TANNER. 


534  U1AH  AS  II  IS. 

courage  and  of  unusual  physical  strength,  their  efforts  in  that 
direction  never  succeeded;  he  was  always  ready  for  them,  and, 
finding  him  out.  they  soon  let  him  alone.  His  prowess  was 
not  long  questioned  or  opposed  by  fair  means. 

The  military  came  to  Far  West  during  the  time  spoken 
of  and  without  process  took  Joseph  and  Hyrum  Smith  and 
Sidney  Kigdon  away  "for  counsel,"  as  was  said,  but  in  reality 
for  other  purposes,  as  was  partly  shown  by  the  words  of  the 
commanding  officer.  General  <^lark,  in  ordering  the  people  to 
leave — "Your  leaders  have  gone  into  the  hands  of  the 
authorities,  and  you  will  never  again  see  them  alive.  Their 
doom  is  sealed,  the  die  is  cast."  Mr.  Tanner's  father  had 
been  cut  across  the  skull  by  Captain  Odell  and  disabled  for 
some  time,  and  the  only  way  for  the  Saints  to  avoid  annihila- 
tion was  to  turn  over  their  property  and  leave  the  State 
within  the  brief  time  granted.  The  deeds  were  all  prepared 
ready  for  signature  and  acknowledgment.  Mr.  Tanner, 
with  a  file  of  gleaming  bayonets  confronting  him,  was  asked 
by  the  notary  public:  "Do  you  solemnly  swear  that  you  do 
this  act  freely  and  voluntarily?"  The  victim  replied:  "Do 
you  see  these  bayonets  here  ready  to  be  stuck  in  me? 
Does  it  look  as  if  it  was  freely  and  voluntarily?"  At  this 
he  received  a  blow  in  the  side  from  the  butt  of  a  musket  and 
knew  nothing  until  several  hours  later  when  he  found  him- 
self among  his  people  some  distance  away,  who  had  supposed 
him  dead.  "Vengeance  is  mine,"  saith  the  Lord;  yet  how 
sinfully  pleasurable  it  would  be  to  know  that  Mr.  Tanner 
had  met  his  persecutors  one  by  one  in  some  out-of-the-way 
place! 

Finally,  Elder  Tanner  bid  good-bye  to  the  land  of  the 
white  enemy  and  set  his  face  resolutely  to  the  territory  owned 
and  occupied  by  the  hostile  red  men.  He  reached  Utah  in 
the  fall  of  1848,  and  settled  on  the  Lyman  survey,  ten  miles 
south  of  Salt  Lake  City.  He  was  the  first  man  to  bring 
water  from  the  Big  and  Little  Cottonwood  streams  for  culin- 
ary and  irrigation  purposes,  a,nc|  in  all  matters  relating  to  the 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS.  535 

advancement  and  growth  of  the  community,  morally  and 
materially  he  then  and  thereafter  lent  a  steadfast,  willing  and 
efficient  hand.  He  bore  the  brunt  of  many  encounters  with 
the  red  men,  and  single-handed  taught  them  lessons  which 
did  them  and  the  people  good. 

He  was  always  on  hand  for  any  kind  of  work  looking 
to  the  safeguarding,  sustenance  and  advancement  of  *the 
people,  and  the  marks  of  his  early  enterprise  and  unflagging 
labor  are  yet  visible  in  many  public  places  of  the  common- 
wealth. He  has  been  on  several  missions  for  the  Church,  all 
of  which  he  has  filled  with  fidelity  and  ability;  has  served 
with  credit  in  all  the  campaigns  and  as  a  faithful,  conscien- 
tious, achieving  citizen,  has  no  superiors.  He  has  reared  a 
large  and  honorable  family,  many  of  whom  are  named  else- 
where in  this  book.  It  would  be  really  gratifying  to  be 
able  to  tell  in  detail  some  of  the  experiences  of  this  typical 
frontiersman  and  State  builder,  but  these  generalizations  will 
have  to  suffice,  and  the  reader  will  understand  why.  Suffice 
it  to  say  that,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-eight  years, 
Elder  Tanner  is  as  hale  and  hearty  as  most  men  a  score  of 
years  younger,  his  intellect  is  unimpaired,  his  faith  in  the 
great  work  in  which  he  was  ushered  into  manhood  is  as 
staunch  as  when  he  embraced  it,  and  he  bids  fair  to  fill  the 
wishes  of  his  many  triends  for  a  much  greater  extension  of 
life  upon  the  earth. 


DAVID  ECCLES. 

IN  ALL  the  business  circles  of  Utah,  constituting  a  mighty 
commercial  array,  there  is  no  name  more  widely  or  favorably 
known  than  that  of  the  gentleman  named  above.  He  is  a 
type  of  many  in  our  midst  who  illustrate  what  it  is  possible  to 
accomplish  with  energy,  capacity  and  determination,  even 


536 


VI AH  AS  IT  IS. 


when  unaided  by  capital  and  without  collegiate  training.  He 
was  born  in  the  "land  o'  cakes,"  the  exact  designation  being 
Paisley,  Wrenfordshire,  Scotland,  on  May  12,  1849.  When 
but  14  years  of  age  his  parents  emigrated  to  this  country 
and  settled  where  he  has  principally  remained,  in  Ogden. 
The  crude  schools  of  those  days  were  not  equal  to  the  task 
of  turning  out  graduates,  but  he  got  the  limit  of  their  capa- 
bilities. The  blindness  of  his 
father  made  it  necessary  for 
him  to  assume  the  burden 
of  the  family's  support,  and 
in  1867  he  removed  them  to 
Oregon  City,  Oregon,  where 
he  had  large  wood  contracts. 
Two  years  later  he  returned 
to  Ogden  and  has  lived 
there  ever  since.  Taking 
to  the  lumber  business,  in 
1873  he  became  associated 
with  H.  E.  Gibson  and 
W.  T.  Van  Noy,  which 
partnership  continued  till 
1876,  when  it  became  Gib- 
son &  Eccles,  this  contin- 
uing till  1880,  when  Mr. 
Eccles  went  into  business 
for  himself,  continuing  thus 

for  several  years.  In  1890  he  formed  the  Eccles  Lumber 
Co.,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  State,  of  which  he  has  all  along 
been  president;  he  holds  the  same  position  regarding  the 
Oregon  Lumber  Co.,  and  as  manager  devotes  much  time  to 
its  mills  in  Oregon.  In  1892  he  became  a  stockholder  and 
director  in  the  Commercial  National  Bank  of  Ogden;  later  he 
became  associated  with  the  First  National  and  Ogden  Savings 
banks,  becoming  president  of  both.  He  was  a  promoter  and 
is  a  large  owner  in  the  Sumpter  Valley  railroad  in  a  great 


DAVID   ECCLES. 


ECCLES   BUILDING,   OGDEN. 

(The  accompanying  cut  shows  one  of  the  big  structures  owned  by  Mr. 
Eccles,  it  being  what  was  formerly  known  as  the  Utah  Loan  &  Trust  Com- 
pany Building,  now  the  Eccles  Building.  It  is  one  of  the  largest  and  best 
appointed  business  structures  of  Ogden,  and  would  be  a  fine  one  in  any 
place.) 


3F> 


538  UTAH  AS  II  IS. 

timber  region  of  Oregon,  and  has  always  been  and  still  is  its 
president;  he  is  also  president  of  the  U.  O.  Lumber  Co.,  of 
Logan;  is  a  director  in  the  Ogden  Milling  and  Elevator  Co., 
and  in  the  Deseret  National  and  Deseret  Savings  banks  and 
Home  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  of  Salt  Lake;  also  a  large  owner 
in  the  Co-operative  Wagon  and  Machine  Co.  and  half  owner 
in  the  Grand  Opera  House  of  Ogden,  of  which  company  he 
is  president.  One  would  think  his  hands  pretty  well  rilled 
and  his  time  thoroughly  taken  up  with  the  foregoing  array, 
hut  it  is  not  all  by  any  means,  nor  can  it  all  be  told  in  this 
brief  space.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  railway  builders  of 
the  State,  was  one  of  the  promoters  and  vice-president  of 
the  Utah  Pacific,  a  director  in  the  Utah  Construction  Co.. 
and  is  a  large  owner  in  the  splendid  street  car  system  of 
Ogden,  which  has  been  completely  rejuvenated;  also  (with 
others)  the  Ogden  and  Hot  Springs  railway.  He  is  largely 
interested  in  several  sugar  factories,  having  been  the  chief 
promoter  of  those  at  Ogden,  Logan,  and  La  Grande,  Oregon, 
all  of  which  have  been  consolidated  under  the  name  of  Amal- 
gamated Sugar  Co.,  of  which  he  is  the  president. 

In  1887  Mr.  Eccles  was  triumphantly  elected  Mayor 
of  Ogden  and  gave  the  city  one  of  the  most  progressive  and 
pushing  administrations  it  has  ever  had.  It  is  a  great  good 
fortune  for  any  place  to  have  such  men  in  their  midst,  and 
the  "Junction  City"  is  peculiarly  favored  in  having  several 
such.  Any  one  of  them  is  worth  a  regiment  of  croakers  and 
inert  dreamers,  and  when  Mr.  Eccles  and  his  kind  are  con- 
templated it  is  no  longer  a  wonder  that  Ogden  has  kept  so 
splendidly  to  the  fore  in  the  presence  of  much  steady  and 
active  rivalry. 

Politically  Mr.  Eccles  is  a  Republican,  but  is  by  no 
means  hidebound  and  has  very  liberal  views  on  every  subject 
as  well  as  numerous  friends  in  all  organizations.  Religiously, 
he  is  a  member  of  the  Mormon  Church,  in  which  he  was 
reared,  and  is  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Church  loan  of 
$1,000,000.  He  was  married  in  1875  to  M'ss  Bertha  M. 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


539 


Jensen,  with  whom  he  has  reared  a  large  family, -all  of  whom 
are  living. 


ROBERT  PIXTON. 

MR.  PIXTON  was  born    February  27,  1819;  was  the  son 
of  George    and  Mary  Pixton   of  Manchester,   England.     His 

mother  died  when  he  was 
only  14  years  of  age,  and 
during  the  summer  days  of 
his  early  youth  he  worked 
with  his  father  in  the  brick 
yards.  During  the  winter 
seasons  he  was  employed 
by  the  Quaker  Hall  Man- 
ufacturing Co.,  of  Manches- 
ter. He  had  scarcely 
reached  the  age  of  19  when 
he  was  married  to  Elizabeth 
Cooper,  and  shortly  after- 
wards, being  dissatisfied 
with  his  labors  in  England, 
he  resolved  to  set  sail  for 
Quebec.  His  wife,  however, 
persuaded  him  to  go  to  the 
United  States,  in  company  with  the  families  of  Joseph  and 
Thomas  Bateman,  with  whom  he  had  lived  for  several  years. 
While  on  board  the  vessel  bound  for  America,  he  was  con- 
vinced of  the  truthfulness  of  the  gospel  as  proclaimed  by  the 
Latter-day  Saints  and  after  arriving  in  St.  Louis,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1841,  he  and  Thomas  Bateman  moved  up  the  river  to 
Augusta,  where  he  was  baptized  by  Elder  Bateman,  in 
Skunk  Creek.  He  afterwards  removed  to  Nauvoo,  111.,  where 
he  entered  into  partnership  with  a  Mr.  Filshaw  and  was  sub- 


ROBERT  PIXTON. 


540  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

sequently  joined  by  his  wife  who  had  just  arrived  from 
England.  The  partnership  was  then  dissolved  and  Mr.  Pix- 
ton  worked  on  the  Temple  until  it  closed.  He  then  drove  a 
team  to  Sugar  Creek  for  President  Young,  after  which  he 
and  the  company  returned  to  Nauvoo  for  their  families,  with 
whom  they  started  west.  The  company  traveled  to  Mt. 
Pisgah,  where  they  were  overtaken  by  Col.  Allen,  who  made 
the  historic  call  for  500  of  the  most  able-bodied  men  in  the 
various  Mormon  camps  for  military  service  in  the  Mexican 
war.  Few  volunteered  quicker  than  Mr.  Pixton.  He  went 
with  the  troops  to  Mexico  around  by  California,  where  he, 
with  others,  discovered  gold  in  Sutler's  mill  race.  On  his 
return  he  met  his  wife  in  Salt  Lake  valley  where  they  settled 
for  a  few  years.  In  1862  he  went  to  England  and  filled  an 
honorable  mission  for  nearly  four  years.  Soon  after  his  return 
he  was  called  as  a  missionary  and  colonizer  to  southern  Utah. 
This  mission  he  held  until  his  death,  which  took  place  at 
Taylorsville,  in  1882. 


JOHN  COOK. 

THIS  well-known  and  long-time  resident  and  business 
man  of  Salt  Lake  City  was  born  under  the  skies  which  over- 
hang the  home  part  of  Edward  VII. 's  dominions,  the  exact 
location  being  Cranwell,  Lancashire,  and  the  date  Septem- 
ber 28,  1818.  At  an  early  age  he  moved  to  Derbyshire, 
where  he  went  to  school,  then  started  out  in  life  by  going  to 
Manchester,  Lincolnshire,  where  he  engaged  in  the  butcher 
business,  learning  which  trade  he  remained  there  working  in 
it  for  fourteen  years.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1846 
and  worked  in  the  Eastern  districts  till  the  following  spring, 
when  he  took  up  his  line  of  march  for  the  West,  striking 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  from  there  going  on  to  Keokuk,  Iowa. 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


541 


in  1848.     Still   the   star   of   empire  pulled  him  along,  and  in 
the  spring  of  1850  he  pushed    out  for  the  land   of   the  Saints, 

reaching  here  in  Milo  An- 
drus'  company  of  immi- 
grants in  August  of  that 
year,  and  here  he  has  lived 
ever  since.  He  at  once 
engaged  in  the  business  in 
which  he  was  brought  up 
and  in  which  he  was  greatly 
successful,  following  it  till 
1892,  when  he  retired  from 
active  pursuits  and  has  since 
enjoyed  the  repose  to  which 
an  industrious  and  enter- 
prising career  of  long  dura- 
tion entitles  him. 

Mr.  Cook  has  a  goodly 
family,   among    whom    may 
be      noted     the    well     and 
JOHN  COOK.  widely  known  stenographer 

and   court  reporter,  W.    L. 

Cook,  and  deserves  the  high  standing  in  business  as  well  as 
social  circles  which  correct  habits  and  uprightness  in  life  in- 
variably bring. 


AXEL  EINARSEN. 

THE  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  on  the  island  of 
Lesso,  Denmark,  August  9,  1843.  His  father  dying  three 
months  before  his  birth,  his  mother  was  left  in  impoverished 
circumstances  with  six  children.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  Mr. 
Einarsen  left  his  native  land  for  America,  his  grandfather 


542 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


and  one   brother   having  already  emigrated.      He   arrived  in 
the  United  States  in  1862,  crossing  the  plains  the  same  year, 

and    settled   in    Utah,  where 
he  has  ever  since  resided. 

During  the  Black  Hawk 
war  he  served  as  a  volun- 
teer, being  engaged  in  sev- 
eral battles  with  the  Indians 
and  in  one  of  them  very 
nearly  losing  his  life.  After 
the  cessation  of  hostilities 
he  engaged  for  a  number 
of  years  in  freighting,  in 
which  he  was  very  success- 
ful, accumulating  consider- 
able means,  and  thereafter 
turned  his  attention  to  farm- 
ing. 

Mr.  Einarsen  was  one 
of  the  pioneers  in  the  sugar 
industry  of  the  State,  being 
associated  with  Bishop  Mad- 
sen  in  the  manufacture  of  the  first  sugar  made  in  Utah;  also 
raised  the  first  sugar  beets  in  that  part  of  the  State.  He  is 
at  present  a  successful  farmer,  cattleman  and  merchant  of 
Axtell,  Utah;  and  is  highly  esteemed  by  a  host  of  friends  for 
his  manly  attributes  and  enterprising  spirit. 


AXEL    EINARSEN. 


JOSEPH  PARRY. 

As  A  colonizer  and  builder,  making  the  waste  places  fer- 
tile and  the  rough  ones  smooth,  the  above  named  stands  in 
the  front  rank.  He  is  a  Welshman  by  birth,  the  youngest  of 
thirteen  children,  whose  father  and  mother  were  Edward  and 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


543 


Mary  F.  Parry,  his  birthplace  being  New  Market,  Flintshire, 
North  Wales,  the  date  being  April  4,  1825.  The  family  was 
brought  up  under  humble  circumstances  and  at  an  early  age 
of  this  subject,  both  father  and  mother  died.  Soon  after  he 
went  to  Liverpool  and  entered  upon  a  career  of  numerous- 
vicissitudes,  bring  \\ithout  money  ^r  friends.  He  soon  ob- 
tained work,  however,  and 
in  good  time,  having  heard 
Mormonism  preached,  he 
became  a  convert,  exper- 
iencing in  so  doing  the 
greatest  opposition  from 
his  family;  but  one  sister 
with  her  household  subse- 
quently embraced  the  faith 
and  came  to  Utah. 

On  September  i,  1848, 
Mr.  Parry  was  married  to 
Jane  Payne.  Through  lack 
of  means  the  husband  came 
first  to  this  country,  his  wife 
following  as  soon  as  he 
could  raise  the  money,  and 
dying  soon  after  arrival, 
from  cholera.  He  then 
went  to  St.  Louis,  and  in> 
April,  1850,  was  married  to  Eliza  Tunks.  After  numerous 
hardships  they  reached  Salt  Lake  City  in  1852.  Here  he 
engaged  in  such  work  as  could  be  obtained  until  1853,  when 
he  moved  to  Ogden  and  has  resided  there  ever  since,  his  ex- 
perience being  similar  to  that  of  most  others  of  his  time. 
He  went  on  the  noted  Salmon  River  mission  to  the  Indians 
in  1855,  and  underwent  experiences  by  flood  and  field,  dan- 
gers innumerable  and  famine  ever  threatening,  such  as  tried 
men's  souls,  accounts  of  which  occur  in  other  places  herein 
and  are  too  .voluminous  to  be  detailed.  He  got  back  to 


JOSEPH    PARRY. 


544  U1AH  AS  11  IS. 

Ogden  finally,  where  he  h.is  had  a  career  not  quite  so  much 
given  to  the  rougher  aspects  of  life.  He  has.  however,  been 
through  the  crusade  mill  and  served  a  term  in  the  Govern- 
ment "reformatory"  for  unlawful  cohabitation.  He  is  a  man 
of  thrift  and  progress,  is  connected  with  several  large  bus- 
iness concerns  and  has  held  many  important  public  stations. 
It  may  here  be  mentioned  that  he  is  the  father  of  23  children 
.and  is  highly  respected  by  all  classes  of  people. 


ALFRED  SOLOMON. 

IN  THE  history  of  Utah's  industrial  development,  no  name 
in  the  State  is  deserving  of  more  honorable  mention  than 
that  which  heads  this  sketch.  Bishop  Solomon,  in  connec- 
tion with  his  brother  James,  has  the  notable  distinction  of 
being  the  first  importer  of  machinery  into  Utah  for  shoemak- 
ing,  the  firm  of  Solomon  Bros,  having  been  organized  for 
that  purpose  in  1870. 

Alfred  Solomon  was  born  September  10,1836,31  Truro, 
Cornwall,  England,  and  is  the  son  of  William  Solomon  and 
Mary  Jane  Hocking.  He  was  educated  in.  the  common 
schools  of  Truro,  and  was  baptized  into  the  Church  of 
Jesus  Christ  of  Latter-day  Saints,  April  6,  1854.  Although 
his  parents  and  relatives  were  opposed  to  his  becoming  a 
Mormon  and  also  to  his  emigrating  to  America,  he  never- 
theless made  arrangements  for  his  departure  and  sailed  from 
Liverpool  for  Boston  on  the  ship  ''George  Washington," 
March  27,  1857.  From  Boston  he  went  to  Iowa  City,  Iowa, 
where  he  remained  a  short  time,  working  to  earn  money 
with  which  to  continue  his  journey  across  the  plains.  He 
arrived  in  Salt  Lake  valley  September  12,  1857,  after  a  trip 
full  of  interest  and  incident,  and  settled  in  Salt  Lake  City, 
\vhichhas  ever  since  been  his  home.  During  the  Johnston  army 


POUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


545 


affair,  ',n   the  winter  of   1857-58,  he   did   military  service  Tin 
Echo  canyon,  and  at   the  time  of  the  move  south,  in  1858, 
was  detailed  to  remain  in    Salt   Lake   City  to  aid  in  burning 
and  destroying  the  property,  should   the   army  prove   hostile 
after  its  arrival  in  the  city.     When  peace   had    been  restored 
Mr.  Solomon  settled  down   at  the  shoemaking  business,  tak- 
ing charge  of  Robert  J. 
Golding's     store      and 
shoe   business.     For  a 
number    of    years    he 
acted      as     a      special 
policeman    and  also  as 
a     constable     in     Salt 
Lake  City.    He  was  in 
1886     honored      more- 
over with  the   appoint- 
ment  of  City    Marshal 
and  Chief  ot  Police  and 
under   his   regime — for 
four  years — the    peace 
and  welfare  of  the  city 
were    ably    conserved. 
Mr.  Solomon  is   also  a 
veteran        artilleryman 
and  when  the  first  fire 
department  was  organ- 
ized  in   Salt   Lake,  he 
became  a  member  of  it. 
It  was  in  1870  as  has  been  stated,  that  the  present  firm 
of  Solomon  Bros,  came   into  being,  for  the  improved   manu- 
facture of  boots  and  shoes,  nothing  in  this  line,  so  far,  having 
been  accomplished  save  by  hand.     The   best   and  latest   im- 
proved machinery  to  be   had   at  the   time  was  imported  from 
the  East,  and  this  year  saw  the  first  machine-made  foot-wear 
produced  in  the  then  Territory.      Since  then,  this  well-known 
firm  has  grown-  and   developed  with  sturdy  vigor,  on*a  safe, 


ALFRED    SOLOMON. 


546  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

conservative  basis,  until  today  its  shipments  extend  all  over 
this  inter-mountain  region.  Only  recently  the  firm  has 
equipped  its  factory  with  the  finest,  latest  improved,  and  fast- 
est plant,  with  greatly  increased  capacity,  and  the  large  output 
attests  the  excellence  of  the  goods  made  and  the  favor  in  which 
they  are  so  widely  held. 

Mr.  Solomon  was  ordained  a  Bishop  and  set  apart  to 
preside  over  the  Twenty-second  Ward  at  its  organization, 
March  31,  1879,  which  position  he  still  holds.  In  1891  he 
left  for  a  mission  to  England,  where  he  labored  successfully 
as  president  ot  the  Newcastle  and  Cheltenham  conferences, 
and  also  for  a  short  time  as  president  of  the  European 
mission.  He  returned  home  July  4,  1893,  and  was  called  to 
labor  in  the  Salt  Lake  Temple. 

Bishop  Solomon  has  had  three  wives  and  is  the  father 
of  twenty-three  children.  He  is  a  man  of  substantial  worth, 
safe,  conservative  and  honorable  in  all  his  dealings,  one 
whose  roots  have  sunk  deep  and  spread  wide  in  the  social 
and  commercial  field,  and  a  pioneer  whose  works  have  given 
a  forceful  impetus  to  the  material  development  of  the  re- 
sources of  this  inland  empire. 


JAMES  SOLOMON. 

THE  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  September  26,  1831, 
at  Truro,  Cam  wall,  England,  where  he  passed  the  first 
twenty-nine  years  of  his  life.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  Protestant  school  in  his  native  town  and  thereafter  was  em- 
ployed as  general  salesman  by  his  father,  who  was  in  business 
as  a  boot  and  shoe  merchant.  He  joined  the  Church  of  Jesus 
Christ  of  Latter-day  Saints  on  May  7,  1857,  and  on  Novem- 
ber 22,  of  the  same  year,  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Hill 
Stephens,  of  Burdock,  near  Falmouth,  England.  His  wife  was 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


547 


the  daughter  of  a  well-to-do  farmer  whose  family  comprised 
three  sons  and  three  daughters.  Mrs.  Solomon  was  born  on 
September  29.  1826. 

It  was  on  May  7,  1861,  that  Mr.  Solomon,  accompanied 
by  his  wife,  set  sail  for  the  new  world,  the  vessel  in  which 
they  embarked  being  the  "Monarch  of  the  Sea."  On  their 
arrival  at  New  York,  they  took  train  to  St.  Joseph.  From 

there    the     steamer     "West 

Wind"  took  them  as  far 
north  as  Florence,  above 
Omaha,  from  which  point 
their  journey  across  the 
plains,  with  ox  teams,  began. 
When  the  company  in 
which  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Solo- 
mon traveled  had  reached 
Loop  Horn,  they  heard  of 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run  and 
the  defeat  of  the  North.  "We 
had  understood,"  said  Mr. 
Solomon  in  speaking  of 
this  incident,  "that  in  this 
war  both  the  North  and  the 
South  would  get  an  awful 
thrashing,  for  the  Prophet 
Joseph  had  phrophesied  the 
war  and  the  carnage  that 

v,  ould  follow  many  years  before,  so  that  the  people  were  not 
surprised  at  the  news  of  the  disaster."  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Solo- 
mon arrived  in  Salt  Lake  City,  September  12,  1861.  "1  had 
a  penny  in  my  pocket  when  I  reached  the  city,"  said  Mr. 
Solomon,  and,  with  a  quiet  chuckle  he  added,  "I've  got  it 
yet." 

On  the  journey  to  Zion  he  suffered  a  little  from  chills 
and  fever,  but  his  wife  walked  every  step  of  the  way  from 
Florence  to  Salt  Lake.  In  1862  he  bought  the  land  on  which 


JAMES   SOLOMON. 


548  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

his  commodious  residence  now  stands  and  by  his  industry 
and  good  judgment  has  accumulated  a  large  landed  estate, 
consisting  of  city  realty,  farming  lands,  mining  and  coal  fields, 
as  well  as  stocks  and  bonds,  etc. 

Soon  after  his  arrival  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Mr.  Solomon 
began  in  a  small  way  making  and  repairing  shoes,  and  being 
known  as  a  handy  man,  did  odd  jobs  at  various  times.  Raw- 
hide was  the  stock  chiefly  used  in  those  days  for  the  manu- 
facture of  shoes,  but  the  advent  of  the  railroad  brought  leather 
depots  within  easier  reach.  Mr.  Solomon  was  likewise  em- 
ployed as  policeman  and  detective  at  various  periods  during 
the  early  days  of  his  residence  here,  but  in  1870  he  and  his 
brother  Alfred  organized  the  firm  of  Solomon  Bros.,  which 
has  since  grown  and  prospered  year  by  year.  They  manu- 
factured boots  and  shoes  for  Z.  C.  M.  I.  until  under  the  direc- 
tion of  W.  H.  Rowe  that  firm  started  to  do  their  own 
manufacturing.  The  Solomon  Bros,  started  business  in  a 
small  place  on  Main  street,  part  of  which  was  occupied  by 
Charles  Crow,  harness-maker.  Then  they  moved  to  a  small 
building  near  the  Valley  House.  Leaving  this  they  went  to 
the  premises  subsequently  occupied  by  the  old  1 3th  Ward 
store  and  where  R.  K.  Thomas'  store  now  stands.  After  a 
time  here  they  moved  across  the  street  and  then  moved  back 
again,  but  for  about  twenty-five  years  they  have  occupied  the 
premises  they  are  now  in,  renting  first  and  then  purchasing 
the  store  building  from  Charles  Donelson  and  leasing  the 
ground  of  Levi  Richards.  The  present  factory  was  erected 
in  the  spring  of  1899,  is  located  on  Third  North,  between 
Third  and  Fourth  West,  and  is  splendidly  equipped  with  the 
finest  machinery  to  be  had. 

Mr.  Solomon  was  ordained  a  Seventy  in  1867,  and  so  far 
has  filled  a  life-mission  in  promoting  the  industrial  develop- 
ment of  the  City  and  State.  He  is  of  independent  mind  in 
local  politics,  aiming  to.  vote  for  those  he  thinks  are  the  best 
men,  but  is  broad  and  tolerant  in  his  views,  progressive  and 
conscientious.  He  is  fond  of  a  good  joke,  possesses  a  cheer- 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


549 


ful,  sunny  disposition,  and  is  esteemed  and  loved  by  a  host  of 
friends. 


ALFRED  EDWARD  SOLOMOM. 

THIS  enterprising  and  progressive  citizen,  who  has  been 
since  1886  in  charge  of  the  factory  of  Solomon  Bios.,  boot 
and  shoe  manufacturers  of  this  city,  is  a  native  son,  naving 


ALFRED   E.    SOLOMON   AND   FAMILY. 

been  born  in  Salt  Lake  April  21,  1861.  He  was  educated  at 
the  public  schools,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  Solomon  Bros. — his  father  and  uncle  respectively. 
Here  he  learned  the  business  of  boot  and  shoe  making  in  all 
its  details,  and  when  fully  equipped  by  training  and  experi- 
ence was  given  the  management  of  the  factory,  a  position  he 
has  rilled  ever  since  with  much  ability  and  conservative  care. 
He  has  seen  the  .business  grow  and  develop  into  its  present 


550  UTAH  AS  H  IS. 

large  proportions — from  handicraft  to  machine  production — 
and  is  ever  on  the  alert  to  adopt  improved  appliances  for  the 
superior  manufacture  of  his  firm's  well-known  product.  Only 
last  year  he  made  an  extensive  tour  of  the  leather  and  ma- 
chinery emporiums  of  Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  purchasing 
new  equipment  for  the  factory,  and  improving  its  machinery 
with  the  latest  appliances.  Under  his  direction  and  the  com- 
bined management  and  good  judgment  of  the  Solomon  Bros., 
the  force  employed  has  grown  steadily  larger  until  now  46 
men  and  girls  are  employed,  thus  distributing  a  large  amount 
in  wages  every  week  for  the  support  of  many  who  otherwise 
would  have  to  seek  maintenance  elsewhere.  Hence  to  Solo- 
mon Bros,  is  due  at  least  as  much  credit  as  is  given  to 
those  who  make  two  blades  of  grass  to  grow  where  only  one 
grew  before;  for  they  were  pioneers  in  this  field  of  industry, 
are  producers  of  wealth  and  promoters  of  home  manufac- 
ture, and  deserve  not  only  praise  but  widespread  patronage, 
assisting  as  they  are  in  the  work  of  teaching  the  people  by 
their  own  example  to  become  self-sustaining  and  helping  to 
keep  money  at  home  that  otherwise  would  be  sent  abroad 
never  to  return.  That  the  patronage  extended  Solomon  Bros. 
is  constantly  growing  is  attested  by  the  gradual  increase  of 
the  force  employed,  and  this  is  prophetic  of  the  majestic  pro- 
portions the  industry  must  assume  within  the  next  decade. 

Alfred  E.,  the  present  factory  manager,  is  still  in  early 
manhood,  and  is  acknowledged  to  possess  more  than  usual 
ability  in  the  direction  of  affairs  under  his  charge.  He  is  cau- 
tious and  prudent  without  being  a  plodder  in  any  sense  of  the 
term,  his  business  acumen  being  grounded  upon  the  axiom — 
'•Be  sure  you're  right,  then  go  ahead."  This  is  also  character- 
istic of  both  his  father  and  uncle,  and  the  result  is  that  they 
have  accumulated  comfortable  estates  without  the  aid  of 
speculation  or  any  desire  to  hastily  get  rich,  while  losses  to 
any  extent,  outside  the  chances  of  legitimate  trade,  have  been 
but  few.  The  solid,  substantial  character  of  the  business  is 
a  reflex  of  the  solidity  and  substantiality  of  the  men  them- 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


551 


selves.  Young  Solomon  (or  Fred,  as  he  is  familiarly  called) 
was  married  to  Miss  Katherine  Moffatt,  in  May,  1886,  and 
five  children  have  come  to  bless  their  home.  He  is  also  a 
member  (as  is  his  father,  uncle  and  brothers)  of  the  New 
State  Gun  Club,  owns  considerable  farming  lands  and  has 
residence  property,  and  is  one  for  whom  the  future  holds 
much  in  store. 


HENRY    DINWOODEY. 

ONE  of  the  earliest  recollections  of  the  writer  of  these 
chapters,  as  relates  to  business  men  in  Utah,  is  that  of  Henry 
Dinwoodey.  That  was  in 
1862,  when  his  establish- 
ment was  in  its  infancy  (it 
was  established  in  1857), 
and  contained  but  little  that 
was  not  made  therein.  He 
was  even  then  well  to  the 
fore  among  the  pushing  and 
enterprising  men  of  affairs 
hereabouts,  and  how  his  busi- 
ness has  grown  is  a  wonder- 
ful tale. 

Mr.  Dinwoodey  is  a  na- 
tive of  England,  having  been 
born  in  Warrington,  Lanca- 
shire, on  September  nth, 
1825.  He  dees  not  look  so 
old  by  many  years,  but  is  so 
hale  and  vigorous  in  appear- 
ance that  he  really  belongs 

among  the  middle-aged  class.  Until  his  25th  year  his  life 
was  spent  in  his  native  land,  where  he  received  an  education 
in  the  common  schools,  and  in  1849,  having  become  a  convert 


HENRY     DINWOODEY. 


552  U1AH  AS  11  IS. 

to  the  doctrines  of  the  Latter-day  Saints,  he  set  sail  for  the 
United  States,  Utah  being  of  course  the  objective  point.  It 
was  a  most  trying  voyage.  The  vessel  was  a  sailer,  and 
after  being  out  of  sight  of  land  several  days,  cholera  broke 
out  among  the  passengers,  and  so  dreadful  were  its  ravages 
that  he  participated  in  the  burial  of  over  forty  victims,  the 
bodies  being  consigned  to  the  depths  of  the  ocean.  Besides 
this,  the  trip  was  an  exceedingly  stormy  and  perilous  oner 
but  New  Orleans  was  reached  at  last.  Here  he  remained 
six  months,  and  the  following  spring  went  to  St.  Louis,  where 
he  lived  five  years  working  at  pattern  making.  He  then 
fitted  out  two  ox  teams,  and  loading  his  family  and  effects  in 
the  wagons,  made  his  way  across  the  plains,  reaching  Salt 
Lake  City  in  safety  in  September,  1855. 

Mr.  Dinwoodey  never  was  an  idler,  so  it  is  easy  to  un- 
derstand that  there  was  a  great  deal  to  do  as  soon  as  he  got 
righted  up  in  Zion.  The  nucleus  of  the  great  establishment 
which  bears  his  name  was  soon  constructed  and  added  ta 
steadily,  notwithstanding  that  trade  was  slow  for  a  long  time 
because  of  the  scarcity  of  money.  He  took  an  active  part 
in  Church  affairs,  and  has  held  all  its  offices  up  to  High 
Priest,  which  he  now  is  and  has  been  since  1873.  He  is  not 
only  a  self-made  and  thoroughly  substantial  man,  but  has 
been  the  means  of  putting  many  another  on  the  road  to  per- 
manent prosperity. 

Mr.  Dinwoodey  was  married,  just  previous  to  his  depart- 
ure from  his  native  land,  to  Miss  Ellen  Gore,  who  died  child- 
less in  Salt  Lake  City  in  1855.  He  has  been  married  twice 
since  then  and  has  had  a  family  of  nine  children. 

Mr.  Dinwoodey,  on  arriving  here,  at  once  became  active 
in  Church  work  and  contributed  largely  to  building  the  Tem- 
ple and  other  structures.  In  fact,  he  has  always  been  public- 
spirited  and  progressive  whether  in  religious  or  secular  affairs. 
He  was  commissioned  by  Governor  Mann  as  captain  of  the 
first  infantry,  Nauvoo  Legion,  having  been  elected  thereto 
October  loth,  1869.  He  has  several  times  served  in  the  City 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


553 


Council  of  Salt  Lake;  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  Dese- 
ret  Agricultural  and  Manufacturing  Society;  was  a  regent  of 
the  Deseret  University,  and  has  been  and  is  connected  with 
several  enterprises  besides  his  own.  Being  essentially  a  self- 
made  man,  he  appreciates  the  labors  of  others,  and  from  the 
beginning  of  his  furniture  store  and  factory — then  a  modest 
little  place  of  one  story  on  Main  street — to  the  present  time, 
in  the  mammoth  establishment  on  First  South  street,  he  has 
been  the  employer  of  an  army  of  men,  all  of  whom  have 
been  promptly  and  adequately  paid.  It  is  now  the  greatest 
business  of  the  kind  in  the  Western  country  and  is  an  endur- 
ing monument  to  its  founder. 


JAMES    H.    MOYLE. 

AMONG  those  of  our  grand  State  who  have  arisen  to  dis- 
tinction, not  through  adventitious  circumstances  but  by  means 
of  sterling  qualities,  close  ap- 
plication and  ceaseless  ener- 
gy, the  gentleman  above 
named  stands  conspicuous. 
It  does  not  detract  from,  but 
rather  adds  to,  the  situation 
that  he  was  born  on  the  spot 
where  he  has  grown  up  to 
legal  and  political  promi- 
nence— Salt  Lake  City,  the 
date  being  September  15, 
1858.  His  earlier  education 
was  obtained  in  the  district 
schools,  was  more  fully  de- 
veloped in  a  term  at  the 
University  of  Utah  and 
rounded  out  by  a  term  in  the 
University  of  Michigan,  at 
Ann  Arbor,  the  literary  de-  JAM£S  H  MOVLE 


554  U1AH  AS  II  IS. 

partment  of  which  he  entered  in  1882,  and  although  he  con- 
tinued his  studies  therein,  entered  the  law  department  in  1883 
and  graduated  in  1885.  He  was  married  on  Nov.  17,  1887, 
to  Alice  E.  Dinwoodey,  and  they  have  an  interesting  family. 
Mr.  Moyle  has  held  several  public  positions  and  came 
close  to  holding  others  more  prominent.  He  began  his  official 
career  immediately  after  his  return  from  Ann  Arbor  as  assist- 
ant City  and  County  Attorney,  afterwards  being  elected  and 
re-elected  as  County  Attorney.  He  also  served  one  term  in  the 
Territorial  Legislature,  in  all  of  these  stations  showing  marked 
ability.  He  was  the  choice  of  the  Democratic  caucus  for  U. 
S.  Senator,  held  during  the  last  hours  of  the  session  of  the 
Legislature  of  1899,  but  through  a  combination  of  circum- 
stances (explained  in  a  preceding  chapter)  that  body,  with  its 
great  Democratic  majority,  failed  to  elect  any  one.  It  should 
be  here  remarked  that  during  the  campaign  which  resulted 
in  the  election  of  that  Legislature  he  was  chairman  of  the 
Democratic  State  Committee,  and  the  result  showed  how  well 
things  were  carried  along.  In  1900  he  was  the  candidate  of 
his  party  for  Governor,  but  the  political  tide,  by  reason  of  the 
successful  ending  of  the  war  with  Spain,  had  turned  strongly  to 
the  Republicans  and  no  Democrats  were  elected.  He  is  a  hard 
man  to  beat,  in  court  or  elsewhere,  and  being  young  and  vig- 
orous has  no  doubt  the  greater  part  of  his  record  yet  to  make. 


IRVING    A.    BENTON. 

THE  great  railway  lines  centering  in  Salt  Lake  City 
have  brought  us  more  than  improved  conditions,  great  as 
these  are  and  promise  to  continue;  they  are  responsible  for 
the  coming  and  staying  of  some  people  whose  presence  is  an 
acquisition  of  much  consequence  to  the  community.  Among 
them  all  none  is  better  or  more  favorably  known  than  the 
one  whose  name  heads  this  chapter,  and  who  holds  with 
marked  ability  and  universal  satisfaction  the  responsible  office 
of  general  passenger  agent  of  the  Rio  Grande  system. 


FOFNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


555 


Colonel  Benton  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  on  the 
loth  day  of  December,  1847.  In  1868  he  settled  at  Fremont, 
Neb.,  and  there,  on  August  9,  1871,  he  became  chief  clerk 
in  the  freight  department  of  the  Union  Pacific,  this  being  the 
beginning  of  what  has  rounded  out  into  a  great  railway 
career.  In  1881  he  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  agent 
of  the  U.  P.  at  Ogden,  remaining  there  four  years,  at  the 
end  of  which  term  he  came  to  Salt  Lake  City  and  took  a 
place  as  chief  clerk  in  the  office  of  W.  C.  Borland,  general 
agent  of  the  road.  The  advancements  went  steadily  along, 
and  on  May  i,  1886,  he  became  joint  ticket  agent  of  the  U. 
P.  and  D.  and  R.  G.,  holding 
this  position  until  June,  1890, 
when  he  entered  the  arena 
of  political  appointments, 
having  been  made  postmas- 
ter of  Salt  Lake  City.  In  De- 
cember, 1882,  we  was,  with- 
out solicitation  on  his  own 
part,  made  U.S.  Marshal  of 
the  Territory  of  Utah,  and 
held  the  place  until  July  ist 
of  the  following  year.  Soon 
after  he  went  back  to  rail- 
roading, becoming  ticket 
agent  of  the  Rio  Grande 
Western,  and  on  May  i, 
1902,  he  was  appointed  to  the  position  first  above  named? 
that  of  general  passenger  agent.  That  he  is  an  entirely 
capable  official  and  an  altogether  popular  citizen  is  partly 
attested  by  the  foregoing  lines.  He  is  a  business  man 
from  beginning  to  end,  and  conducts  his  company's  affairs 
in  so  systematic  and  comprehensive  a  manner  that  the  details 
of  his  department,  gigantic  as  they  are,  are  always  in  such 
shape  that  a  tyro  might  understand  them.  For  the  re- 
mainder, the  reader  is  referred  to  his  accompanying  portrait. 


IRVING   A.    BENTON. 


556 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


WILLIS  JOHNSON. 

AT  THE  city  of  Ogden,  on  November  4,  1868,  the  above 
named  gentleman  made  his  first  appearance  on  this  stage  of 
action.  He  received  an  education  in  the  common  schools  and 
finished  up  with  a  term  in  the  Brigham  Young  Academy  at 

Provo.  He  then  went  into 
farming  and  stock  raising 
until  1898,  when  he  went 
into  the  mercantile  business, 
in  which  he  is  still  engaged 
at  Circleville,  Piute  County, 
his  place  of  residence,  hav- 
ing a  branch  establishment 
at  Twin  Falls,  Idaho.  He 
was  elected  to  the  State  Sen- 
ate in  1900  and  rendered 
good  service  during  the  two 
terms  following.  He  was 
appointed  a  World's  Fair 
Commissioner  by  the  Gov- 
ernor in  March,  1903. 

Mr.  Johnson  was  mar- 
ried on  April  i,  1891,  to 
Miss  Dora  Morrill,  and  has 

five  children,  a  girl — the  eldest — and  fo«r  boys.  He  is  well 
known  as  a  busy  man  and  a  sterling  citizen.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Republican,  but  is  not  a  fanatic  in  that  respect  or 
anything  else.  The  Burns  standard — "A  man's  a  man  for  ar 
that" — undoubtedly  obtains  with  Mr.  Johnson. 


DAVID    R.  ROBERTS. 

THIS  prominent  citizen  of  northern  Utah  was  born  in 
Logan  on  March  30,  1871,  his  father  being  Robert  D. 
Roberts,  a  native  of  Wales,  who  came  to  Utah  with  a  hand- 
cart company  in  1856.  He  settled  in  Logan  in  1859, 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


557 


he  still  resides.  His  wife,  Hannah  Roberts,  also  came  from 
Wales,  four  years  after  his  departure,  reaching  Utah  in  1860, 
The  subject  of  this  article  spent  his  early  days  in  the  canyon, 
on  the  farm  and  in  the  public  schools,  finally  graduating  from 
Brigham  Young  College  with  the  class  of  1890.  After  this 
he  engaged  in  the  implement  business  and  at  railroading. 
He  was  married  to  Miss  Tryphena  Davis  of  Logan,  on  De- 
cember 6,  1893,  and  on  the 
i6th  of  the  same  month  left 
on  a  two  years'  mission  to  the 
States  of  Indiana  and  Illi- 
nois. Returning,  he  again 
embarked  in  the  implement 
business,  associating  with  it 
grain  and  produce.  He  also 
became  interested  in  live 
stock,  and  spent  much  time 
and  energy  in  the  interest  of 
the  farmers  of  the  Western 
country,  getting  the  ^>est 
markets  for  their  products. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Fifth 
State  Legislature  as  a  Re- 
publican by  a  good  majority, 
although  the  county  has  all 
along  been  Democratic.  He 

is  also  chairman  of  the  Republican  City  Committee  of  Logan, 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  great  Irrigation  Congress  at 
Ogden  in  1903. 

Mr.  Roberts  is  the  father  of  four  children,  one  of 
whom  is  dead.  He  stands  very  high  in  business  and  other 
circles  wherever  known. 


DAVID   R.    ROBERTS. 


PIERRE    A.    DROUBAY. 

THE  subject  of  this  bit  of  history  is  probably  at  the  head 
of  the  list  in  his  county,  as  one  of  the  beet  posted  and   most 


558 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


enterprising  citizens  of  the  "republic  of  Tooele."  Few  men 
have  the  practical  experience,  and  fewer  have  done  as  much  for 
the  development  of  the  natural  resources  of  Tooele  valle}'  as 
he.  It  can  be  truthfully  said  of  him  that  he  has  accomplished 
much  with  little,  and  has  demonstrated  what  a  good  mind 
with  energy  and  will  power  can  do  in  a  few  years.  The 
fact  is  given  that  he  has  put  up  more  houses,  made  more 
ditches,  built  more  fences  and  bridges  by  his  own  efforts  (and 

besides,  worked  in  canyons, 
in  mines  and  on  railroads) 
than  any  other  man  there 
today. 

Mr.  Droubay's  life  is 
full  of  adventure  and,  if 
written  in  book  form,  would 
be  as  interesting  to  read, 
and  as  dramatic  as  a  dime 
novel.  Born  in  France, 
September  25,  1855,  with 
his  parents  he  came  to  Utah, 
arriving  in  Salt  Lake  City 
with  ox-cart  immigrants,  Oc- 
tober 27th,  1864.  They 
camped  for  several  days  on 
the  public  square  where  the 
City  and  County  building 
now  stands.  He  walked  all 
the  way  from  Council  Bluffs 
on  the  Missouri  river  to  this  city,  the  wagon  used  by  his  par- 
ents being  also  occupied  by  two  more  families  and  all  their 
earthly  belongings,  so  that  for  those  who  were  able  to  walk 
there  was  no  room  to  ride. 

He  moved  from  this  city  to  Tooele  valley  in  the  fall  of 
1867.  lived  with  his  parents  until  22  years  of  age  and  then 
took  unto  himself  a  wife.  Starting  out  to  fight  the  battle  of 
life  on  his  own  behalf,  modest  and  meagre  were  his  equip- 


PIERRB  A.    DROUBAY. 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS.  559 

ment,  consisting  chiefly  of  a  yoke  of  cattle  and  Schuttler 
wagon,  two  cows,  a  few  household  utensils  and  $2.30  in  cash. 
He  located  on  a  ranch  and  began  to  live  on  the  product  of 
his  labors.  This  enterprise  he  was  successful  in.  He  then 
went  to  Tooele  City  where  he  embarked  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits, but  still  retained  ownership  of  his  large  ranch,  compris- 
ing 2,500  acres,  all  fenced  and  improved,  stocked  with  cattle 
and  horses  and  enhanced  with  fish  ponds.  He  has  also  made 
a  splendid  success  of  his  mercantile  venture,  and  is  now  the 
happy  possessor  of  the  best  store  in  Tooele  County.  Ever 
since  its  incipiency  he  has  enjoyed  and  is  now  favored  with  a 
very  liberal  patronage,  so  that,  today,  his  is  a  paying  and  pros- 
perous business. 

Mr.  Droubay  has  a  large  family,  consisting  of  two  wives 
and  several  grown-up  children,  all  living  in  harmony  and  con- 
tentment. Being  frequently  asked  how  he  exercises  such 
noteworthy  control  and  manages  his  household  so  well,  he 
says:  "I  train  my  children  while  young  in  the  way  that  they 
should  go;  we  retain  the  confidence  of  each  other,  mutually 
help  each  other,  and  thus  live  together  in  harmony  and 
peace."  He  is  a  strong  adherent  to  the  faith  of  the  domi- 
nant Church,  and  his  zeal  and  faith  have  been  many  times 
exemplified  by  his  works.  His  politics  are  rather  inde- 
pendent, and  though  he  strongly  favors  the  Republican  side 
of  national  politics,  he  is  not  a  bigot  or  a  zealot.  He  respects 
all  men's  opinions  oven  as  he  expects  his  own  to  be  respected, 
and  has  no  enmity  for  anyone  because  of  differences  politi- 
calty  or  religiously.  Indeed,  he  has  friends  in  all  parties  and 
all  creeds,  and  so  demeans  himself  at  all  times  and  under  all 
circumstances  as  to  deserve  their  friendship  and  esteem.  He 
has  frequently  been  mentioned  in  connection  with  legislative 
honors,  and  while  he  would  undoubtedly  serve  the  people 
with  credit  to  himself  and  advantage  to  them,  he  does  not 
crave  office,  and  holds  the  post  of  honor  to  be  the  private 
station.  It  is  not  at  all  unreasonable  that  a  man  who  does  so 
much  to  build  up  the  State  generally  and  the  community  in 


560 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


which  he  lives  particularly,  who  pays  more  taxes  than  any 
•other  person  in  his  neighborhood  and  is  one  of  the  heaviest 
lax-payers  in  the  State,  should  be  officially  recognized. 

Mr.  Droubay  is  bright  and  intelligent,  above  the  average, 
and  although  his  years  are  replete  with  marvelous  events,  he 
is  still,  at  this  writing,  strong  and  vigorous  and  a  pillar  of 
strength  in  the  community.  His  word  is  as  good  as  his  bond; 
he  is  full  of  courage  and  good  will,  and  while  he  has  accumu- 
4ated  a  large  estate,  he  is  as  approachable,  easy  of  manners 
and  as  humble  as  when  younger  and  in  different  circum- 
stances; and  now,  with  the  assistance  of  his  boys,  who  have 
(been  thoroughly  trained,  he  is  able  to  take  life  easier  and  enjoy 
some  of  the  comforts  of  an  ideal  home  that  are  cherished  by  all. 


H.  G.  PARK. 

IN  Hamilton  Gray  Park  we  have    a  man  whose  experi- 
ences, if  told  in  full,  would  amount  to  a  goodly  history  of  the 

development  of  the  common- 
wealth. He  made  his  first 
appearance  upon  this  stage 
of  action  as  far  back  as  1826, 
on  November  25th.  When 
but  fourteen  years  of  age,  he 
accepted  the  doctrines  of  the 
Latter-day  Saints  and  was 
baptized  at  Kilbirnie,  Scot- 
land, and  immediately  be- 
came a  teacher  in  the  cause 
of  the  gospel,  from  which 
position  he  advanced  steadi- 
ly to  others.  Having  previ- 
ously married,  he  emigrated 
to  the  United  States  in  1854, 
being  in  charge  of  the  com- 
pany which  sailed  en  September  4th.  He  had  been  here  but 
-two  years  when  he  became  business  manager  for  President 


H.    G.    PARK. 


FOUNDERS  AND   BUILDERS.  561 

Brigham  Young  and  remained  in  this  calling  for  several 
years.  During  this  time  he  rendered  some  trying  service  at 
road-making  and  bridge  building  in  the  canyons,  making  the 
first  roads  in  many  places,  and  furnishing  the  first  logs  for 
lumber.  Most  of  this  was  so  severe  an  ordeal  that  anyone 
possessed  of  less  will  power,  faith  and  physical  strength  must 
have  failed,  but  he  failed  not  at  any  point.  Part  of  the  time 
he  subsisted  on  frozen  bread,  in  snow  up  to  his  waist.  His 
faithfulness  in  every  accepted  trust  became  so  pronounced 
that  it  could  not  but  bring  its  reward,  and  thus  he  was  ad- 
vanced along  the  highway  to  prosperity  until,  many  years  ago, 
he  could  mingle  with  the  people  and  things  of  life  upon  more 
desirable  terms.  First  and  last  he  always  enjoyed  the  full 
confidence  of  the  great  leader,  and  was  entrusted  with  many 
important  features  of  the  grand  enterprises  which  were  worked 
up  for  the  benefit  of  the  people.  In  1869  he  went  on  a  mis- 
sion to  Great  Britain,  which  was  honorably  tilled,  returning 
in  1871,  taking  a  second  one  in  1875  an^  being  president  of 
the  Scotch  mission.  On  his  return  from  this  mission  in  1877, 
he  entered  the  service  of  Z.  C.  M.  I.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and- 
has  remained  there  uninterruptedly  ever  since,  being  very 
popular  with  all  hands,  from  the  superintendent  down  to  the 
office  boys. 

Besides  his  numerous  Church  positions,  Mr.  Park  has 
been  a  captain  in  the  Nauvoo  Legion,  but  political  places  or 
politics  in  any  form  he  would  have  none  of.  On  Feb.  21,  1896, 
a  sad  bereavement  befell  him  in  the  sudden  and  unex- 
pected death  of  his  beloved  wife,  a  woman  whose  many 
virtues  and  kindly  ways  endeared  her  to  all  who  knew  her. 

Mr.  Park  is  a  careful,  thrifty  man, generous  in  his  ways,' 
attached    to    his    friends    and   grounded  in   his  faith  like  the 
Rock  of  Ages.     He  is  the  owner  of  the  Manitou  Hotel  and 
other  valuable  property  in  Salt  Lake  City,  and  is  greatly  re- 
spected by  people  of  all  shades  of  opinion. 

Agnes  (the  wife  above  spoken  of) ,  was  the  daughter  of 
John  Steel  and  Jessie  Alexander,  was  born  early  in  1826  in 


562 


U1AH  AS  IT  JS. 


Kilbirnie,  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  and  received  the  gospel  in  1841. 
She  was  married  when  about  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  was 
the  mother  of  ten  children,  four  boys  and  six  girls.  She  left 

her  native  land  for  Utah,  Au- 
gust 27, 1850,  sailing  from  the 
Victoria  docks,  Liverpool,  on 
September  3,  1850,  in  the 
good  ship  North  Atlantic. 
After  a  rough  and  tedious 
voyage  she  arrived  at  New 
Orleans  on  November  3rd. 
On  account  of  sickness  and 
adverse  circumstances,  she 
remained  at  St.  Louis  until 
April  27,  1852,  losing  a  lit- 
tle girl,  Marion  Marintha, 
just  before  starting  for  Salt 
Lake  City.  After  a  long 
and  perilous  journey  the 
family  arrived  at  the  "Old 
Fort,"  Sixth  ward,  Salt  Lake 
City,  in  the  evening  of  Sep- 
tember 9,  1852.  She  was 
wife  and  mother  and  a  consistent 


AGNES   S.    PARK. 


a    faithful    and    devoted 
member  of  the  Church. 


JAMES  W.  CAHOON. 

THIS  well  known  legislator  and  man  of  affairs  was  born 
March  31,  1854,  at  Murray,  Salt  Lake  County.  He  began 
his  business  career  as  a  rancher  in  southern  Utah,  which  he 
continued  for  five  years,  after  which  he  went  to  work  in  the 
smelters,  remaining  in  this  calling  till  1902,  a  period  of  twenty- 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


563 


one   years.      He  then  went  into  real  estate,  tarming  and  mer- 
chandising, being  elected  to  the  Legislature  the  same  year. 

Mr.  Cahoon  is  a  large  property  owner  and  an  exceed- 
ingly busy  man.  He  is  the 
proprietor  of  the  Opera  House 
and  several  of  the  principal 
business  buildings  of  his  town, 
his  residence  being  one  of  the 
finest,  most  commodious  and 
best  appointed  in  Murray, 
which  boasts  several  that  are 
far  beyond  the  common.  He 
has  been  signally  successful  in 
all  his  undertakings  and  en- 
joys a  wide  measure  of  popu- 
larity. He  took  unto  himself 
a  wife  in  the  person  of  Miss 
Martha  E.  Proctor  on  Janu- 
ary 10,  1876,  and  eight  chil- 
dren— six  of  them  girls — have 
come  to  bless  their  home.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican, 
but  his  friendship  extends  to  all  classes  of  people. 


MAHONRI  M.  STEELE. 

IN  Mr.  Steele  we  have  a  Government  employe  who  has 
proved  himself  to  he  efficient,  honest  and  thorough.  He  is  a 
native  of  Utah's  Dixie,  having  been  born  at  Toquerville, 
Washington  County,  on  February  2,  1870.  .  He  received 
his  early  schooling  in  the  district  schools  and  wound  up 
by  graduating  in  the  normal  department  of  the  L.  D.  S.  Col- 
lege in  1892,  after  which  he  taught  school  for  five  years. 
During  this  time  he  also  turned  his  attention  to  politics,  and 
began  his  official  career  by  being  elected  justice  of  the  peace 


564 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


of  Panguitch  precinct,  afterwards  County  Recorder  of  Gar- 
field  County  in  1893.     In  1895  he  was  elected  County  Clerk, 

and  held  the  office  up  to  Jan. 
7,  1901.  He  was  chairman 
of  the  Republican  commit- 
tee of  that  county  for  five 
consecutive  years,  beginning 
with  1885;  was  twice  a 
member  of  the  State  com- 
mittee, also  has  been  chair- 
man of  the  Sixth  Judicial 
District  committee  and  of 
the  Tenth  Senatorial  district. 
On  the  assembling  of  the 
Fourth  State  Legislature  he 
was  given  the  important 
position  of  Chief  Clerk  of 
the  House  and  filled  it  with 
marked  ability.  Shortly  af- 
ter this  term  expired  he  was 


MAHONu   M.    STBEI.K. 


Mail  Inspector  for  this 
region  of  country,  a  position  which  he  still  holds  and  in 
which  he  is  giving  the  greatest  satisfaction. 


WILLIAM  C.  A.  SMOOT. 

IN  Mr.  Smoot  we  have  one  of  the  few  remaining  Pio- 
neers of  1847,  arriving  here  with  the  others  on  July  24th. 
He  is  a  native  of  Tennessee,  Roane  County,  where  he  was 
born  on  yanuary  30,  1828.  He  attended  the  schools  of  that 
section;  moved  to  Illinois  in  1839,  an^  at  ^e  age  °f  eignt  years 
was  baptized  into  the  Mormon  Church,  staying  with  them  con- 
stantly afterwards,  which  caused  him  to  be  in  Nauvoo  during 
the  troublous  times.  Here  he  worked  on  the  Temple  and 


FOUNDERS  AND   BUILDERS. 


565 


Seventies'  Hall  until  they  were  completed,  and  with  the  first 
exodus  made  his  way  across  the  plains  to  the  uninhabited  moun- 
tains of  the  West.  On  arrival  here  he  went  to  farming  at 
once,  and  when  the  crops  were  planted  went  to  work  build- 
ing the  adobe  and  log  structure  which  is  known  to  history 
as  the  Old  Fort,  its  style  of  architecture  being  Mexican; 
before  this  labor  was  finished,  however,  he  left  to  meet  the 
emigrants  coming  in,  meeting  his  people  at  Pacific  Springs, 
head  of  the  Sweetwater.  He 
moved  from  Salt  Lake  City 
to  Cottoriwood,  to  take 
charge  of  the  Church  farm, 
in  1850,  and  from  there  to 
Sugar  House,  where  he  has 
resided  ever  since,  in  1854. 
His  chief  occupations  have 
been  milling,  farming  and 
carpentering,  at  all  of  which 
he  has  been  quite  successful. 
The  monotony  of  civil  life 
was  broken  somewhat  by 
eleven  years  service  in  the 
Life  Guards,  being  one  of 
the  mounted  minute  men 
and  subject  to  call  at  any 
time;  in  this  as  in  all  other 
things,  he  was  signally  effi- 
cient. 

Mr.  Smoot  is  the  head  of  a  large  and  prosperous  family, 
while  his  connections  are  among  the  best  in  the  State,  em- 
bracing the  late  Mayor  A.  O.  Smoot  (whose  portrait  is 
on  a  previous  page),  his  brother  and  Senator  Reed  Smoot, 
his  nephew.  He.  is  upright  in  his  dealing,  charitable  in  his 
judgment,  always  willing  to  live  and  let  live,  and  has  well 
earned  all  the  good  things  of  life  which  have  come  to  him. 
Being  quite  well  preserved,  he  may  look  forward  to  many 


WIMJAM    C.  A.    SMOOX. 


566 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


more  years'  existence  this  side  of  the  veil,  where  his  friends, 
whose  name  is  legion,  hope  to  enjoy  his  society  as  long  as  he 
cares  to  stay  in  their  midst. 


JOSHUA    MIDGLEY. 

ALTHOUGH  not  among  the  first  comers,  Mr.  Midgley  is 
entitled  to  rank  as  a   Pioneer,  for  Utah,  when  he  came  to  it, 


FOUR   GENERATIONS  OF   THE    MITGLEY   FAMILY 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS.  567 

was  an  exceedingly  "wild  and  woolly"  place  except  at  the 
far-apart  nuclei  of  civilization  and  none  too  far  advanced  there. 
He  was  born  October  15,  1832,  at  Almonbury,  Yorkshire, 
England,  and  joined  the  Mormon  Church  in  September,  1846. 
In  January,  1850,  he  emigrated  to  this  country  with  his 
father,  landing  at  New  Orleans  after  a  long  and  tedious  voy- 
age. He  then  proceeded  to  St.  Louis  and  served  a  term  as 
apprentice  at  painting.  In  1852  he  came  to  Utah  and  settled 
in  Salt  Lake  City,  working  generally  at  his  trade,  chiefly  on 
the  public  works,  until  1865,  when  he  established  a  place  of 
his  own,  which  steadily  grew.  He  early  became  a  member  of 
the  noted  Tabernacle  choir  and  almost  equally  famous  Nauvoo 
brass  band.  He  was  second  bugler  in  company  A,  Nauvoo 
Legion,  and  in  this  capacity  was  one  of  the  Spartans  who 
went  out  to  "welcome"  the  army  of  the  United  States  under 
Albert  Sidney  Johnston.  He  is  a  Patriarch  in  the  Church, 
not  only  officially  but  in  a  domestic  sense,  as  the  accompany- 
ing cut  of  four  generations  of  his  family  shows,  having  been 
married  on  April  18,  1853,  to  Jemima  Hough,  also  of  Eng- 
land and  also  of  the  Tabernacle  choir,  and  they  became  the 
parents  of  twelve  children,  six  of  whom  are  living.  They 
are  among  the  oldest,  if  not  the  oldest  residents  of  the  Twelfth 
ward,  Salt  Lake  City,  having  lived  there  fifty  years.  He 
has  done  a  great  deal  of  colonizing  in  the  Territory,  and  is 
recognized  in  the  community  as  an  upright,  progressive 
citizen. 


WILLIS  E.  RQBISON. 

WILLIS  EUGENE  ROBISON,  the  son  of  Benjamin  H. 
Robinson  and  Lillis  Andree  Robison,  was  born  March  i, 
1854,  m  tne  town  of  Crete,  Will  County,  Illinois.  His  par- 
ents emigrated  to  Utah  when  he  was  a  mere  babe  and  settled 
in  Fillmore,  where  he  was  raised  to  manhood,  assisting  his 
father  in  duties  common  to  pioneer  life,  such  as  farming. 


568 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


stock  raising,  freighting,  etc.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
was  employed  as  a  clerk  in  the  Co-operative  store  in  Fillmore, 
and  later  on  was  put  in  charge  of  a  lumber  yard  belonging 
to  the  same  institution.  His  education  was  limited  to  such 
branches  as  were  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  that  timef 
and  obtained  by  working  nine  months  in  the  year  and  going 
to  school  in  the  winter,  and  yet  it  may  be  said  that  none  of 

his  classmates  outstripped 
him  in  the  race  for  knowl- 
edge. 

In  the  year  1874  ^e 
married  Miss  Sarah  A.  Ell- 
ett,  who  still  -presides  over 
his  domestic  happiness.  Two 
years  later  the  young  couple 
moved  to  Scipio,  where  they 
lived  for  twelve  years.  Dur- 
ing this  time  Mr,  Robison 
filled  a  mission  to  the  South- 
ern States,  expounding  the 
doctrines  of  the  Mormon 
Church,  laboring  principally 
in  the  State  of  Tennessee. 
While  there  Elders  John  H. 

Gibbs  of  Paradise,  Cache  County,  and  William  S.  Berry  of 
Kanarra,  Iron  County,  companions  of  his,  were  killed  by  a 
masked  mob  at  Cane  Creek,  Tenn.,  and  to  Elder  Robison 
was  assigned  the  sad  duty  of  taking  their  bodies  home  to 
their  friends  in  Utah,  a  responsibility  which  he  readily  ac- 
cepted and  successfully  accomplished,not withstanding  the  diffi- 
culties encountered  en  route  and  the  disadvantage  of  being 
alone  to  watch  over  the  bodies  night  and  day. 

In  1888  he  moved  to  Piute  County,  where  he  lived  for 
about  a  year,  when  he  was  called  by  his  Church  authorities 
to  move  to  Loa  as  Bishop.  That  winter  he  served  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislature  in  the  lower  house,  representing  Iron, 


WILLIS   E.    ROBISON. 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS.  569 

Beaver,  and  Piute  counties.  This  body  was  the  one  that  gave 
to  Utah  its  free  school  law,  and  by  a  bounty  on  sugar  made 
it  possible  for  the  Lehi  Sugar  Factory  to  usher  in  an  industry 
that  is  bringing  so  much  wealth  into  this  region;  and  to  both 
of  these  measures  Mr.  Robison  gave  his  hearty  support. 

Piute  County  at  that  time  was  quite  large  and  the  county 
seat  in  the  extreme  western  end,  which  made  it  very  incon- 
venient for  the  people  in  the  eastern  end,  where  Mr.  Robi- 
son resided,  so  he  sought  to  have  the  local  seat  of  govern- 
ment removed  to  a  more  central  locality;  failing  in  this,  he 
began  working  to  have  the  county  divided,  in  which  he  was 
successful,  and  was  honored  by  the  Legislature  in  being  per- 
mitted to  name  the  newly  created  county,  together  with  its 
first  set  of  officials;  he  called  the  county  Wayne,  after  one  of 
his  sons  (who  was  afterward  accidentally  killed),  and  at  the 
first  regular  election,  held  the  following  November,  he  was 
elected  county  superintendent  of  schools,  a  position  which,  by 
subsequent  elections,  he  continued  to  hold  for  eight  years,  and 
then  declined  to  accept  another  nomination,  although  upon  the 
removal  of  his  successor  from  the  county,  he  finished  his 
term  by  appointment  and  is  still  retained  on  the  board  of  ex- 
aminers. He  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion of  1895,  represented  his  district  in  the  State  Legis- 
lature of  1903  and  was  one  ot  the  "Big  Five"  of  that  ses- 
sion, all  the  other  House  members  belonging  to  the  opposite 
political  party — Republican. 

At  present  Mr.  Robison  is  President  of  the  Wayne 
Stake  of  Zion,  a  position  in  which  he  was  called  to  act  when 
the  stake  was  organized  by  his  Church  in  1893.  He  has 
filled  many  positions  of  trust,  both  appointive  and  elective, 
and  has  never  yet  met  defeat  at  the  polls.  This  he  attributes 
to  the  fact  of  belonging  to  that  class  which  Abraham  Lincoln 
designated  as  the  "common  people."  His  sympathies  have 
always  been  with  the  laboring  class  as  against  the  wealthy,  he 
loves  best  to  associate  with  them  and  they  are  his  friends. 
He  is  conservative  in  his  views  and  expressions,  never  made 

37 


570 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


a  political  speech  in  his  life,  and  never  had  a  lawsuit  or  a 
referee  case.  He  tills  the  soil  for  a  livelihood,  teaches  his 
family  that  all  honorable  work  is  commendable,  and  an  hon- 
est man  is  the  noblest  work  of  God.  He  is  a  writer  of  some 
ability,  and  among  his  productions  numerous  poems  have 
appeared,  which  entitle  him  to  a  place  in  the  literary  corner 
assigned  to  the  poets  of  Utah.  He  is  now  and  always  has 
been  an  active  factor  for  good  in  every  community  in  which 
he  has  resided. 


WILLIAM  VAN  DYKE. 

IF  HE  were  now  alive  Mr.  Van  Dyke  would  be  72  years 
old,  having  been  born  in  Philadelphia  that  long  ago.     When 

ten  years  of  age  his  step- 
father and  mother  moved  to 
Nauvoo,  Illinois,  where  they 
lived  for  seven  years,  having 
previously  embraced  the 
faith  of  the  Latter  -  day 
Saints.  One  of  his  bitter 
experiences  there,  conspicu- 
ous among  the  many,  was 
seeing  Joseph  and  Hyrum 
Smith  taken  to  Carthage 
jail  alive  and  brought  back 
dead.  The  family  joined  in 
the  general  exodus,  and  at 
Mt.  Pisgah  the  responsibili- 
ty for  everything  was  thrown 
upon  the  young  man  through 
WH.LIAM  VATT  DYKE.  the  enlistment  of  the  others 

in  the  famed  Mormon  Battalion  in  1847.  They  soon  went 
on  to  Council  Bluffs  and  awaited  there  the  return  of  the  father 
the  following  year.  The  young  man  made  the  trip  as  far  as 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS.  571 

Sweetwater  with  the  company  headed  by  Brigham  Young 
in  1848,  then  returned  to  help  the  family  along.  The  next 
year  he  came  through  with  the  train  that  brought  the  first  lot 
of  merchandise  to  Utah,  for  Livingston  &  Kincaid,  arriving 
September  2Oth.  The  old  folks  came  on  the  next  year  and 
lived  in  Salt  Lake  City  a  while,  then  going  to  Lehi,  two  years 
later  going  south  to  help  settle  Cedar  City.  The  young  man 
went  to  them  in  1853,  but  soon  returned  to  Lehi  and  settled 
there,  took  a  farm  on  shares  and  prospered  right  along.  The 
Indians  were  continually  troublesome,  and  in  one  fight  in 
which  he  participated  at  Pelican  Point,  three  men  of  his  com- 
pany were  killed.  In  1854  ne  went  with  a  company  under 
Bishop  David  Evans  to  Snake  Creek,  west  of  White  Moun- 
tain, now  the  boundary  between  Utah  and  Nevada,  and  while 
here  some  members  of  the  party — himself  among  them — 
found  by  accident  a  big  piece  of  ore,  which  being  broken 
open,  fairly  sparkled  with  gold.  They  did  not  look  for  its 
source  and  were  soon  recalled.  Although  the  region  has 
been  noted  for  its  gold  production  for  years,  and  many  parties 
have  gone  out  searching  (the  writer  has  gone  five  times), 
nothing  even  remotely  resembling  the  nugget  spoken  of  has 
ever  been  found  where  they  were. 

Returning  again  to  Lehi,  Mr.  Van  Dyke  was  married  to 
Charlotte  Pixton  on  December  27,  1856,  and  two  years  later 
moved  to  Plain  City,  Weber  County,  where  they  lived  till 
1864,  when  .they  went  to  Ogden  and  stayed  there  till  1890, 
when  the  final  move  was  made  to  Salt  Lake  City,  where  the 
wife  died  November  12,  1892.  They  had  ten  childen,  six  of 
them  boys.  He  was  engaged  at  different  times  in  numerous 
enterprises,  in  all  of  which  he  was  successful,  and  was  known 
to  all  as  an  honest,  upright  man.  He  died  January  18,  1901. 


D.   H.  PEERY. 

THOSE  who  knew  David  Harold  Peery  in   his  lifetime 
were   acquainted   with   a   man   whose   breadth  of  view  and 


572 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


faculty  of  accomplishment  were  unsurpassed.  He  was  born 
in  Tazewell  County,  Va.,  on  May  16,  1824.  His  parents 
were  Major  David  Peery  and  Eleanor  H.  Peery.  His  early 
boyhood  was  spent  in  the  State  of  his  birth  and  Kentucky, 
his  education,  which  began  in  the  common  schools,  being 
completed  in  the  Emery  and  Henry  College  in  1842-3.  From 
1844  to  1845  he  taught  school,  and  the  following  year  drifted 

into  merchandising  with  his 
brother  John  D.,in  the  county 
where  he  was  born.  He  al- 
so conducted  a  bank  until 
1861,  when  the  war  broke 
things  up  generally,  and  a 
year  later  he  enlisted  himself 
with  the  gallant  men  who 
went  afield  under  the  Stars 
and  Bars,  becoming  assist- 
ant commissary  under  Gen. 
Humphrey  Marshall.  He 
embraced  the  faith  of  the 
Latter-day  Saints  the  same 
year  and  came  to  Utah  in 
1864,  reaching  Salt  Lake 
City  on  August  31.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1866,  he  moved  to 
his  death,  which  occurred 


D.    H.    PEERY. 


Ogden  and  remained   there  till 
September  19,   1901. 

Mr.  Peery  came  of  a  wealthy  and  influential  family  and 
was  himself  a  man  capable  of  acquiring  great  means  and  in- 
vesting them  wisely.  His  home  at  Ogden — the  Virginia — 
is  in  some  respects  the  grandest  and  largest  residence  in  the 
State.  He  engaged  in  several  lines  of  business,  notably 
milling  and  merchandising,  for  several  years  was  President 
of  Weber  Stake  of  Zion,  and  served  two  terms  in  the 
Territorial  Legislature  with  decided  ability.  The  writer  en- 
joyed a  personal  acquaintance  with  him,  and  always  found 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS.  573 

him  one  of  the  most  hospitable  and  entertaining  men  in  the 
country;  he  exemplified  in  everything  the  typical  Southern 
gentleman  and  had  a  host  of  friends  wherever  known. 

(An  account  of  Mr.  Peery's  marriage  appears  in  a  previ- 
ous chapter  relating  to  Mrs.  Peery). 


JOHN    BECK. 

IN   THE  eighth  volume   of  the    "National  Cyclopedia  of 
American    Biography"  the  above-named    gentleman    is    set 

down  as  a  "miner,  finan- 
cier and  philanthropist," 
and  those  who  know  him 
best  will  be  disposed  to 
give  ready  assent  as  to  all 
the  designations.  He  is 
a  son  of  John  and  Caro- 
line Beck,  and  was  born 
in  Aicheberg,  Wurtem- 
berg,  Germany,  on  March 
19,  1843.  The  family 
were  noted  for  their  thrift 
and  the  parents  conspicu- 
ous for  their  educational 
and  charitable  work.  Be- 
ing of  an  adventurous  dis- 
JOHN  BECK.  position,  he  started  out  at 

an  early  age  to  do  something  for  himself,  and  showed  good 
business  aptitude  as  well  as  the  faculty  of  acquiring  languages. 
In  1862,  while  in  French  Switzerland,  he  became  a  con- 
vert to  Mormonism  and  succeeded  in  bringing  his  family  into 
the  fold,  afterwards  engaging  in  missionary  work  and  suffer- 
ing persecution  of  various  kinds.  In  1864  he  set  sail  for  the 


574  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

United  States  and  arrived  in  Utah  in  October,  having  crossed 
the  plains  with  ox  teams.  Here  he  underwent  the  varying 
experiences  of  the  time,  some  of  his  adventures  with  Indians 
and  otherwise  belonging  in  the  hair-breadth  escape  depart- 
ment, having  fought  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  (elsewhere 
spoken  of),  and  lost  all  his  property.  In  1865  he  located  in 
Lehi,  where  he  leased  a  farm  and  engaged  in  sheep  raising 
and  other  pursuits,  being  successful  :\s  usual.  In  1870,  the 
Tintic  discoveries  drew  him  there,  and  he  invested  in  the 
Eureka  mine,  but  lost  his  time  and  labor  and  $6,000  besides. 
Nothing  daunted,  he  continued  his  researches,  and  one  day 
happened  upon  a  projecting  ledge  which  his  instincts  told  him 
was  the  outcrop  of  a  great  deposit  of  wealth.  He  located 
it,  and  here  we  have  the  beginning  of  the  famed  Bullion-Beck 
mine,  which  has  contributed  so  many  millions  to  the  wealth 
of  the  country.  Lately  his  fortunes  have  fluctuated  some- 
what and  his  wealth  has  dwindled,  but  his  spirit  is  yet  un- 
daunted and  he  pushes  ahead  as  determinedly  and  confidently 
as  of  yore.  He  has  owned  any  amount  of  property,  has  in- 
vested in  most  of  the  great  enterprises  of  the  State,  and  heM 
positions  of  large  responsibility  and  confidence.  His  phil- 
anthropic nature  and  readiness  to  assist  those  who"  have  any 
showing  of  merit  have  made  him  too  oft  a  victim,  but  those 
who  know  and  appreciate  him  have  faith  that  the  future  con- 
tains much  that  is  good  for  him. 


W.  L.  AND  B.  L.  CROFF. 

WILLIAM  LUTHER  CROFF  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Northfield,  Summit  County,  Ohio,  on  March  25,  1840;  his 
parents  being  William  C.  and  Julia  A.  B.  Croff.  The  family 
moved  into  the  wilds  of  Sheboygan  County,  Wisconsin, 
in  1847,  and  in  1851  another  move  was  made,  this  time  to 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


575 


Noble  County,  Ind.  Two  years  later  the  moving  impulse 
was  again  in  the  ascendant,  and  the  family  landed  in  Cass 
County,  Iowa.  The  father  being  a  blacksmith  and  wagon- 
maker  opened  up  a  shop  on  a  large  scale,  with  William  as 
his  principal  helper.  A  large  business  was  done,  principally 
through  the  California  and  Utah  emigrants,  for  two  years, 
when  they  moved  to  the  western  part  of  the  State,  where, 
the  regulation  two  years  again  expiring,  Kansas — then  a 
territory  just  emerging  from  the  "Jim  Lane  war" — was  set- 
tled in.  William  worked  on 
the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joe  rail- 
road till  the  civil  war  broke 
out,  when  he  became  a  re- 
cruiting worker,  and  subse- 
quently for  a  short  time  was 
in  Price's  and  McCullough's 
Confederate  army  of  inva- 
sion. Returning  home  he 
found  the  family  property 
destroyed  and  the  home  'sac- 
rificed tor  just  enough  to 
take  them  back  to  Iowa.  In 
1862  he  determined  to  goto 
Pike's  Peak,  and  took  a  con- 
tract with  Alex.  Majors  to 
drive  an  ox  team.  Getting 
as  far  as  Ft.  Laramie  he  got 
the  Salmon  River  gold  fever, 
and  on  short  notice  took  his 
leave,  and  on  foot  and  alone  trudged  along  the  Platte  through 
a  hostile  Indian  country,  his  only  solace  being  his  violin.  He 
soon  had  the  good  fortune  to  strike  an  emigrant  company  of 
thirty-eight  wagons  headed  for  Salmon  River  and  Utah,  and 
on  August  25,  1862,  landed  at  Provo,  Utah,  concluding  to 
remain  there  for  the  winter.  He  went  to  work,  was  kindly 
treated  and  was  soon,  by  investigation  and  attention,  a  con- 


w.  i,.  CROFF. 


576  VI AH  AS  IT  IS. 

vert  to  the  faith  of  the  Latter-day  Saints>  joining  the  Church 
the  following  spring.  After  farming  for  three  years  he  went 
to  Montana  and  there  and  in  Sweetwater,  Wyo.,  followed 
mining.  In  1868  he  went  with  others  to  the  head  of  Green 
River,  Wyo.,  for  ties  for  the  Pacific  railway,  and  in  1869  he 
and  Ben  took  a  contract  for  grading  through  some  of  the 
heaviest  rock  work  on  Promontory  Point,  Utah,  which  they 
successfully  performed. 

In  November,  1869,  William  and  his  two  brothers  went 
prospecting,  and  among  others  discovered  Eureka  Hill,  Tin- 
tic,  and  worked  there  for  three  years  with  indifferent  success. 
He  followed  various  occupations  till  1875,  when  he  started  for 
St.  George  to  work  on  the  Temple,  and  on  the  way  found 
some  rich  silver  ore  at  what  subsequently  became  known  to 
the  world  as  Silver  Reef,  his  being  the  first  location  ever 
made  in  that  wonderful  place.  After  filling  an  industrial  mis- 
sion to  Mt.  Trumbull  he  returned  to  mining  in  Tintic.  From 
1882  to  1889  he  lived  in  Minersville,  where  he  served  as  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  and  engaged  extensively  in  mining  in  Lin- 
coln, having  done  very  well  at  times  and  being  the  largest 
holder  of  property  there  now.  In  1899  he  moved  to  Eureka, 
where  he  has  continuously  engaged  in  mining  and  merchan- 
dising. He  served  a  term  as  City  Councilman,  and  has 
been  counselor  to  the  Bishop  since  1900.  It  may  here  be 
mentioned  that  Mr.  Croff  has  contributed  extensively  to  the 
building  of  every  temple  in  the  State,  and  is  exceedingly 
liberal  in  all  his  transactions. 


BENJAMIN  LEWIS  CROFF,  a  small  part  of  whose  story 
is  told  in  the  foregoing  sketch  of  his  brother,  was  born  March 
6,  1847,  in  Northfied,  Summit  County,  Ohio.  He  came  to 
Utah  in  1864,  but  for  several  years  has  resided  at  Colonia 
Juarez,  Mexico,  near  which  he  is  and  from  the  first  has  been 


POUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS. 


577 


extensively  interested  in  mining.     Prior  to  that  time  he  lived 

in  Minersville,  Utah,  where  his  unsurpassed  ability  as  a  black- 
smith and  miner  brought 
him  no  small  degree  of 
prosperity.  He  and  W.  L. 
located  the  noted  Creole 
mine  in  Lincoln  district,  and 
from  it  they  have  taken 
ore  running  about  $1,000 
a  ton;  they  still  hold  a 
large  interest  in  it.  Previ- 
ous to  this,  however,  Ben 
had  extensive  mining  ex- 
perience in  Colorado  in 
1862-3-4.  He  has  been  a 
married  man  since  a  short 
time  after  his  advent  in 
Utah,  and  is  the  father  of 
several  bright  children.  He 
is  a  kindly  disposed  man 
to  everybody  and  afraid  of 
nobody,  a  faithful  member 

of  the  Church  of  the  Latter-day   Saints,  and   stands  well  in 

all  places  where  he  is  known. 


B.  i,.  CROFF. 


CHARLES    LAJMMERSDORF. 

No  NAME  is  more  conspicuous  in  mining  circles  in  Utah 
than  that  of  Mr.  Lammersdorf.  He  is  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  that  great  industry  and  a  very  successful  one.  He  came 
here  in  1872  and  has  remained  with  us  ever  since.  His  first 
stand  was  in  Tintic,  where  he  engaged  in  the  hotel  business 
and  merchandising,  being  also  postmaster.  When  the  won- 
ders of  Silver  Reef  broke  upon  the  world  Mr.  Lammersdorf 


578 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


was  early  upon  the  ground,  being  in  .fact  ,one  of  the  first  to 
engage  in  practical  operations  there,  his  field  subsequently 
taking  in  Frisco,  Beaver  Lake,  Washington  and  finally  Gold 
Mountain,  where  is  located  the  property  of  the  Sevier  Min- 
ing and  Milling  Co.,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  in  which  he  became  the  sole  owner;  a  deal  for  it  has 
been  made  and  payments  are  going  on  at  stated  intervals.  It 
is  a  gold  proposition  and  very  valuable. 

Mr.  Lammersdorf  was  born  on  the  banks  of  the  historic 


CHARLES   LAMMERSDORF. 


MRS.    CHARLES   LAMMEKSDORF. 


Rhine,  in  Prussia.  He  was  married  on  March  19,  1860,  to 
Miss  Walburga  Koch,  and  came  to  America  on  December 
3ist  of  the  same  year.  He  lived  in  New  York  until  the 
civil  war  broke  out,  passing  all  through  it.  From  there  he 
went  to  Chicago  and  lived  there  for  several  years.  Thence 
he  went  to  Omaha  and  built  one  of  the  largest  hotels  in  ex- 
istence at  the  time,  and  finally  came  westward,  landing  in 
Utah  as  stated. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lammersdorf  have  had  great,  almost 
crushing  bereavements,  in  the  loss  by  death  of  all  their  eight 
children,  three  boys  and  five  girls,  the  youngest  two  being 


FOUNDERS  AND  BUILDERS.  579 

interred  in  the  Salt  Lake  City  cemetery.  The  parents,  how- 
ever, promise  to  see  a  great  deal  more  of  this  world's  pro- 
ceedings before  going  to  another.  They  have  a  host  of 
friends  here  and  wherever  else  they  have  lived.  Mr.  Lam- 
mersdorf  is  a  whole-souled,  genial  man,  a  friend  to  everybody 
and  a  foe  to  none.  His  greeting  is  a  regular  tonic,  and  his 
heartiness  of  manner  insures  him  a  welcome  wherever  he 
goes.  He  is  7°  years  old,  his  wife  64. 


,SEGO  LDUY,    UTAH   STATE   FI.OWER, 


MINISTRY   AND    MISSIONS. 


SOME    REPRESENTATIVES   OF    GOSPEL  WORK- 
ERS   ALONG    DIFFERENT    LINES. 

HpHOSE  who  are  devoting  the  greater  part  or  all   of  their 

•*"      time  to  the   work   of  the   spiritual   welfare  of  mankind 

are  as  numerous  in  proportion  to  population,  as  diversified  in 

beliefs  and  practices  and  as 
zealous  in  their  ministrations  in 
Utah  as  elsewhere  in  the 
civilized  world.  The  limits  of 
space  imposed  upon  this  vol- 
ume as  a  whole  and  thereby 
this  department  particularly 
make  it  necessary  to  observe 
the  rule  elsewhere  obtaining  by 
giving  special  notice  of  a  few, 
these  being,  as  nearly  as  possi- 
ble representative  of  all.  It  is 
also  the  case,  as  elsewhere,  that 
the  order  of  mention  has  no 
significance,  the  first  one  hav- 
ing been  received  before  any 
practical  work  was  done  on 
TYPICAL  YOUNG  MORMON  the  volume,  the  others  being' 
MISSIONARY.  secured  at  subsequent  and  dif- 

ferent dates,  these  being,  as  nearly  as  possible,  in  the  order  of 
reception. 


MINISTRY  AND  MISSIONS. 


581 


The  work  of  the  ministry  and  those  who  are  working  in 
the  mission  field  involves  some  opposition  and  occa- 
sionally a  little  contention, 
here  and  elsewhere;  but 
with  that  this  work  is  not 
concerned.  So  long  as  each 
is  striving  in  accordance 
with  his  best  habits  to  do 
good  a  mention  is  cheerfully 
given. 

It  must  be  understood 
in  this  connection  that  all 
the  missions  and  all  the  min- 
isterial work  alluded  to,  even 
by  Utah  people,  are  not 
located  in  Utah,  although 
chiefly  directed  from  here. 
There  are  thousands  of 
young,  middle-aged  and  el- 
derly members  of  the  Mor- 
KATHER  GUINAN  (CATHOLIC.)  mon  Church  spending  their 

whole  time  in  foreign  lands  and  in  other[States,  in  the  great 
work  of  bringing  sinners  to  repentance  and  making  better 
those  who  are  already  good,  all  this  without  money  and  with- 
out price.  They  are  a  goodly  band  whose  reward  will  not 
be  that  of  money  or  earthly  honors. 


JOHN    NICHOLSON. 

[Portrait  on  page  157.] 

AMONG  those  whose  lives  are  devoted  chiefly  to  the 
spiritual  welfare  of  their  fellow  men,  the  name* of  that  sturdy 
Latter-day  Saint,  that  true  friend,  that  sterling  citizen  and 
talented  worker  whose  name  appears  above  is  conspicuous. 
While  the  great  raid,  having  in  view  the  "regeneration"  of 


582  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

Utah  by  sending  her  best  citizens  to  the  penitentiary,  was  at 
its  height,  Elder  Nicholson  was  naturally  selected  as  a  victim; 
not  only  was  he  sought,  but  found.  The  officers  knew  where  to 
go  when  they  wanted  him,  and  were  quite  sure  he  would  not 
disappoint  them  by  being  somewhere  else  at  the  appointed 
time;  for  this  reason,  perhaps,  he  was  not  among  the  earlier 
victims.  When  the  time  came  he  was  on  the  way  from 
home  to  his  editorial  desk  in  the  Deseret  News  office,  and  the 
whole  affair  went  through  so  quietly  that  it  didn't  seem  to  be 
at  all  out  of  the  ordinary.  Neither  the  process  servers  nor 
the  prosecuting  attorneys  had  any  trouble  whatever;  on  the 
contrary,  while  not  shielding  himself  in  the  smallest  measure 
he  arranged  with  the  prosecutors  to  shield  his  wives,  his  con- 
duct in  tnis  respect  being  in  bold  and  refreshing  contrast  to 
that  of  a  few  others.  He  told  the  attorneys  that  if  they 
would  leave  his  family  out  of  it  he  would  place  himself  upon 
the  stand  and  give  them  all  the  evidence  they  required.  It 
was  a  risky  thing  for  them  to  do — or  would  have  been  ordi- 
narily— but  they  knew  they  were  dealing  with  a  man  whose 
word  was  a  sacred  pledge,  and  so  accepted  his  offer.  As  a 
witness  Mr.  Nicholson  "extenuated  nothing  nor  set  down 
aught  in  malice;"  his  wives  were  his  wives,  their  children 
were  his  children  and  that  was  all  there  was  of  it — no  apolo- 
gies, no  dodging,  no  nonsense.  In  sentencing  him  to  the 
customary  six  months  imprisonment  and  a  fine  of  $300  and 
costs,  Judge  Zane  took  occasion  to  half  compliment  him 
upon  his  speech  in  reference  to  the  question  whether  or  not 
the  defendant  had  anything  to  say.  He  had,  and  said  it,  not 
offensively,  presumptuously  or  dramatically,  but  plainly,  can- 
didly and  pointedly. 

Mr.  Nicholson  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  his  birthplace  be- 
ing St.  Boswells,  Roxburgshire;  the  time,  July  i-},  1839. 
His  parents  were  John  Nicholson  and  Elizabeth  Hewison. 
The  most  of  the  lad's  childhood,  after  reaching  the  age  of 
ten,  was  passed  in  Edinburgh.  The  parents  being  poor  his  ed- 
ucational advantages  were  limited  but  he  made  the  best  use  of 


MINISTRY   AND  MISSIONS.  583 

them,  and  being  a  great  reader  with  excellent  assimilative 
faculties  he  grew  up  a  well-informed  man.  He  first  heard 
Mormonism  preached  on  a  highway,  and  becoming  interested, 
"read  up"  on  it,  wiih  the  result  that  he  was  baptized  by  Elder 
Robert  Hogg  on  April  8,  1861.  He  soon  gave  his  whole 
time  to  the  ministry,  in  1864  and  1865  becoming  President  of 
the  Sheffield  and  subsequently  Birmingham  conference,  and 
the  following  year  emigrating  to  Utah  in  charge  of  a  com- 
pany of  over  three  hundred  qf  his  co-religionists.  His  ex- 
periences en  route  were  varied  and  interesting,  the  inevitable 
element  of  hardship  largely  figuring.  Arriving  here  he  en- 
gaged in  various  occupations  before  drifting  into  journalism, 
which  he  did  in  January,  1868,  on  the  Daily  Telegraph  of 
Salt  Lake  City,  although  he  had  previously  contributed  to  it 
and  other  publications;  going  from  that  paper  to  the  News 
soon  after,  he  remained  with  it,  with  some  slight  lapses,  for 
twenty-five  years.  One  of  these  lapses  was  the  six  months 
spent  in  Uncle  Sam's  hostelry,  during  which  he  had  some 
trying  experiences,  among  them  the  death  of  his  father  and 
the  refusal  of  U.  S.  Marshal  E.  A.  Ireland  to  let  him  attend 
the  funeral.  He  afterwards  heaped  coals  of  fire  on  Ireland's 
head  by  defending  him  in  a  local  paper  against  unjust 
charges.  For  the  past  eleven  years  Elder  Nicholson  has  been 
engaged  entirely  in  temple  work  in  Salt  Lake  City,  having 
charge  of  an  important  division  thereof.  He  is  one  of  our 
best  speakers,  being  forceful,  impressive  and  entertaining;  as 
a  writer  he  is  equally  gifted. 

With  this  imperfect  sketch  and  the  incidental  mention 
previously  made,  the  reader  who  does  not  know  him  can 
form  a  reasonably  good  idea  of  this  decidedly  good  man. 


BEN    E.    RICH. 

THIS  stalwart  representive  of  the  faith  of  the  Latter-day 
Saints,  being  at  the  head  of  the  Southern  States  mission,  was 


584 


UTAH  AS  IT  JS. 


born  in  Salt  Lake  City  on  November^,  1855.  He  was 
baptized  ten  years  later  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  quo- 
rum of  Seventy  for  twenty-two  years.  He  also  spent  a  year 
in  Montana  in  missionary  work.  In  his  boyhood  he  was  em- 
ployed for  twelve  years  as  a  salesman  by  the  great  Z.  C.  M. 
I.  of  Salt  Lake.  He  was  married  to  Diana  Farr  on  Decem- 
ber 27,  1877,  and  has  eight 
children,  six  of  them  boys. 
Much  of  his  early  married 
life  was  spent  in  Ogden, 
where  for  several  years  he 
followed  merchandising, 
much  of  the  time  on  his  own 
account.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Ogden  City  Coun- 
cil from  1883  to  1885,  and 
was  County  Recorder  from 
the  latter  date  to  1888.  Here 
he  drifted  into  literature  and 
produced  the  book  "Mr, 
Durant  of  Salt  Lake  City," 
which  presented  the  doc- 
trinal features  of  Mormon- 
ism  in  narrative  style,  and 
became  quite  popular,  sever- 
al thousand  copies  being  sold. 
He  also  became  prominent  in  politics,  being  an  active  worker 
in  the  People's  parly  until  its  disappearance  in  1892,  when 
national  lines  were  drawn — a  condition  of  things  which  her 
perhaps,  was  more  instrumental  in  bringing  about  than  any 
other  man — and  he  entered  the  ranks  of  the  Republican 
party  where  he  has  remained  ever  since.  In  this  capacity  he 
became  a  delegate  for  six  occasions  to  the  National  Republi- 
can league  convention. 

In  1893  Mr.  Rich   moved   to  Idaho,  and  at  once  became 
prominent  in   public  affairs.     He  was  twice  chairman  of  the 


BEN   E.  RICH. 


MINISTRY  AND  MISSIONS. 


585 


Republican  State  committee  and  executive  committee,  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  convention  of  1896.  After 
his  assignment  to  his  present  field  he  engaged  in  the  publica- 
tion of  the  Southern  Star,  a  weekly  publication  dovoted  to 
the  interests  of  the  Church  in  the  South,  and  remained  with 
it  till  its  suspension. 

Like  his  noted  brother  Joseph  C.,  Ben  is  always  in  a 
good  humor  and  is  fond  of  a  joke.  He  is  an  able  speaker 
and  writer  and  thoroughly  in  earnest  in  all  he  does. 


REV.  J.  R.  GRAEBNER. 

JOHN  REINBOLD  GRAEBNER,  the  son  of  A.  L.  Graebner, 
professor    of  theology   and   doctor  of   divinity  of  Concordia 

Seminary,  St.  Louis,  Mo,, 
and  Anna  Schaller,  was 
ushered  into  this  sphere  of 
existence  at  Watertown, 
Wis.,  March  6,  1878.  He 
was  educated  at  the  parochi- 
al schools  of  Milwaukee  and 
St.  Louis,  and  at  the  Con- 
cordia College  of  Ft.  Wayne, 
Ind.,  and  Concordia  Semi- 
nary of  St.  Louis. 

In  August,  1900,  Mr. 
Graebner  came  to  Salt  Lake 
City,  where  he  assumed  the 
pastorate  of  the  German 
Evangelical  Lutheran  St. 
John's  church.  From  the 
beginning  the  services  were 

RBV.  J.   R.   GRAUBNBR.  hdd  .'"   the   Swedish  LlUher- 

an  Zion's  church  edifice,  but 
at"  this    writing,    January,    1904,  through   the  efforts  of  this 

38 


586 


U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 


alert,  progressive  young  pastor,  a  lot,  6xio  rods  on  Seventh 
South  and  State  streets,  has  been  purchased,  and  it  is  expected 
that  by  the  fall  of  1904  a  church  building  will  be  erected  to 
cost  between  $2,000  and  $3,000.  The  German  Lutheran  St. 
John's  church  has  a  voting  membership  of  12  members,  45 
communicant  members  and  a  congregation  of  85  souls.  The 
average  attendance  is  about  30. 

The  Rev.  Graebner  was  married  in  1901  to  Miss  Hed- 
wig  Sievers  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  their  union  has  been 
blessed  so  far  with  one  boy.  An  engraving  of  the  pastor 
accompanies  this  sketch. 


R.    F.   NESLEN. 

ROBERT  FRANCIS  NESLEN    (familiarly  known  as  Uncle 
Robert)  was  born  in  Lowestoft,  Suffolk,  England,  December 

10,  1832.  His  parents  be- 
ing Wesleyan  Methodists,  at 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  became 
a  Wesleyan  local  preacher. 
In  the  year  1852  he  joined 
the  Mormon  Church,  was 
ordained  a  priest  and  sent 
into  the  ministry  in  the 
counties  of  Norfolk  and  Suf- 
folk. In  January,  1853,  with 
his  parents,  six  sisters  and 
two  brothers,  he  emigrated 
to  Utah,  embarking  at  Liver- 
pool on  the  ship  "Golconda," 
for  New  Orleans.  During 
the  voyage  she  was  dis- 
masted, having  encountered 
a  severe  white  squall.  Pass- 
R.  F.  NKSLEN.  ing  up  the  Mississippi  and 


MINISTRY  AND   MISSIONS.  587 

Missouri  rivers  via  St.  Louis  to  Keokuk,  he  went  thence 
by  ox  team  to  Utah,  1,565  miles,  stopping  at  old  Fort  Bridger 
and  doing  military  duty  in  protecting  the  emigration  from 
Indian  raids.  On  arriving  at  Salt  Lake  City  he  joined  the 
Tabernacle  choir,  also  the  Nauvoo  brass  band;  was  com- 
missioned first  lieutenant  by  Governor  Brigham  Young  and 
passed  through  all  the  vicissitudes  of  pioneer  life,  working 
with  pick  and  shovel,  in  the  canyon,  at  carpentering,  etc. 
He  assisted  in  building  the  old  Arsenal  and  Salt  Lake  The- 
ater, and  after  the  completion  of  the  latter  was  prompter, 
actor  and  costumer  for  upwards  of  nine  years.  He  has  crossed 
the  Atlantic  ocean  nine  times,  filled  four  missions  to  Great 
Britain,  traveling  from  Land's  End,  Cornwall,  to  north  of  Aber- 
deen, Scotland,  South  Wales  and  nearly  every  county  in  Eng- 
land. He  filled  a  mission  in  New  York,  New  Jersey  and 
Connecticut.  Was  appointed  Bishop's  traveling  agent  in  the 
years  1860-61  for  Utah,  Juab  and  Sanpete  counties;  was  a 
special  guard,  in  connection  with  others  for  years,  for  Presi- 
dent Brigham  Young,  and  was  one  of  the  marshals  of  the 
day  at  his  funeral,  representing  the  High  Priests  quorum.  He 
was  the  President's  neighbor  for  twenty-five  years,  visiting 
him  during  his  last  illness  and  hoisting  the  first  flag  at  his 
death  over  the  Emporium  corner  on  Main  and  First  South. 


REV.  A.  G.  H.  OVERN. 

THE  Rev.  A.  G.  H.  Overn,  Lutheran  missionary  and 
pastor  of  "Our  Savior's  Church,"  was  born  in  Fond  du  Lac 
County,  Wisconsin,  June  17,  1850.  His  parents  were  among 
the  early  settlers  of  the  State  and  were  natives  of  Norway. 

After  receiving  a  common  school  education  he  studied 
at  Luther  College,  Decorah,  Iowa,  and  at  Luther  Seminary, 
Madison,  Wis.,  where  he  graduated  in  1879.  This  seminary 
is  now  located  at  Hamlin,  Minnesota. 


588 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Mr.  Overn's  first  charge  was  at  Chicago,  111.,  where  he 
was  ordained  in  the  summer  of  1879.  During  the  nearly 
twenty-five  years  of  his  ministry  he  has  labored  in  various 
fields,  especially  in  the  larger  cities,  until  he  was  stationed  at 
Salt  Lake  City  in  the  fall  of  1900.  He  represents  "The 
Synod  for  the  Norwegian  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  of 
America,"  of  which  he  is  a  member,  and  preaches  both  in 
the  English  and  Dano-Norwegian  languages. 


GRANITE   STAKE   TABERNACLE, 
SALT  LAKE  COUNTY. 


THE   FINE   ARTS. 


HOW    THEY    HAVE    GROWN    IN    OUR    MIDST- 
THEIR   DEVOTEES. 

UTAH  is  truly  a  favored  land  in  all  respects,  and  in  none 
more  than  regarding  the  fine  arts.  Already  we  have 
several  who  are  noted  throughout  the  civilized  world  and 
others  coming  along  whose  rare  talents  will  undoubtedly  secure 
for  them  high  places  in  the  temple  of  fame.  In  Maud  Adams, 
the  actress,  and  Dallin,  the  sculptor,  for  instance,  we  have 
representatives  who  bear  aloft  our  name  and  fame  wherever 
civilization  holds  sway;  while  in  painting  and  music  we  have 
a  list  so  long  that  to  make  full  mention  of  all  would  swell  the 
proportions  of  this  book  far  beyond  the  limit  set  for  it. 
Emma  Lucy  Gates,  with  her  bird-like  voice,  fine  appearance 
and  gentle  manners;  Emma  Ramsey,  not  less  gifted;  Lizzie 
Thomas  Edwards,  Nellie  Druce  Pugsley,  Agatha  Berkhoel, 
Arvilla  Clark,  Nannie  Tout,  Bob  Easton  and  many  more  of 
our  lyric  phenomena  with  wide  and  well-earned  reputations 
have  not  yet  fully  developed;  and  such  excellent  artists  as 
Lorus  Pratt,  J.  T.  Harwood,  G.  M.  Ottinger,  Harry  Culmer, 
Dan  Weggeland,  Fred  Lambourne,  Lee  Greene  Richards, 
Mahonri  Young,  Alma  Wright,  Edward  Evans,  Louise  Rich- 
ards, J.  L.  Fairbanks  and  Mary  Teasdel,  with  the  noted  A. 
L.  Lovey,  cartoonist,  and  Clyde  Squires,  J.  S.  Sears  and 
Waldo  Midgley,  illustrators,  form  a  galaxy  of  which  any  State 


590 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


might  be  proud  even  if  there  were  no  others,  which  there 
are,  lots  of  them.  Of  musicians,  there  is  no  end.  Elocution, 
photography,  engraving,  etc.,  have  also  able  and  abundant 
exponents,  some  of  each  class  being  given  extended  notice 
that  a  fair  idea  may  be  had  of  the  rise,  advancement  and  at- 
tainments of  all. 


JOHN    J.  M'CLELLAN. 

IN  PRESENTING  to  our  readers  a  specially  selected  list  of 
Utah's  most  talented  devotees  of  art,  the  name  of  John  Jasper 

McClellan  is  properly  placed 
among  the  first.  His  ability 
in  the  realm  of  music  has 
nothing  of  the  meteoric — 
his  brilliance  is  that  of  a 
fixed  star  growing  brighter 
in  the  process  of  develop- 
ment, and  the  future  for  him 
in  his  chosen  profession  is 
very  promising.  He  pos- 
sesses in  his  equipment  the 
radium  of  exceptional  abili- 
ty, his  mastery  of  the  piano 
and  great  organ  having  won 
for  him  a  reputation  un- 
equaled  by  any  artist  of  his 
years — a  reputation,  in  fact, 
such  as  is  seldom  earned  by 

JOHN  j.  M'CMJIAAN.  the   most   noted   performers 

until  the  meridian  of  life  is 

passed.  Prof.  McClellan  is  not  yet  thirty  years  of  age,  hav- 
ing been  born«at  Payson,  Utah,  April  20,  1874,  and  sti^  his 
position  in  the  musical  world  is  founded  on  the  rock  of  ac- 


THE  FINE  ARTS.  591 

knowledged  success.  He  is  one  of  those  artists  who  are 
born,  not  made;  for  from  early  childhood  he  displayed  singu- 
lar musical  ability  and  began  the  study  of  music  at  the  age 
of  ten.  Such  was  his  talent  that  when  eleven  years  old  he 
became  organist  of  the  church  in  his  native  town.  Until  1-7 
he  continued  practice  upon  the  piano  and  organ  without  a 
competent  teacher,  but  in  July,  1891,  he  left  Utah  for  Sagi- 
naw,  Michigan,  where,  for  eighteen  months,  he  pursued  his 
studies  under  that  splendid  German  master,  Albert  W.  Platte. 
He  augmented  his  studies  there  by  becoming  assistant  organ- 
ist of  St.  Paul's  church,  and  played  occasionally  in  the  First 
Congregational  church  of  the  same  city.  He  then  entered 
the  newly  founded  Ann  Arbor  Conservatory,  where  he  be- 
came the  piano  pupil  of  Johann  Erich  Schmaal  and  studied 
theory  and  organ  with  Prof.  Stanley,  director  of  the  school. 
A  year  and  a  half  later  the  great  Spanish  pianist,  Alberto 
Jonas,  became  head  of  the  piano  school.  Under  this  able 
teacher  McClellan  received  exceptional  encouragement,  and 
for  over  two  years  he  was  chorister  and  organist  in  St. 
Thomas  Catholic  church.  During  his  course  at  Ann  Arbor 
he  founded  the  University  of  Michigan  Symphony  Orchestra , 
and  was  for  two  terms  president  of  the  Euterpe  Musical 
Club.  He  also  held  other  important  places.  The  directors 
of  the  conservatory  desired  his  retention  as  one  of  the  faculty, 
but  he  declined  all  offers  and  returned  home. 

In  September,  1896,  Prof.  McClellan  opened  a  studio  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  and  for  two  years  was  director  of  music  in  the 
L.  D.  S.  College,  spending  half  of  his  time  the  year  follow- 
ing in  charge  of  the  musical  affairs  of  the  B.  Y.  Academy, 
Provo,  the  other  half  in  Salt  Lake  City  with  his  piano  and 
theory  students.  In  August,  1899,  accompanied  by  his  wife, 
he  left  for  Berlin,  where  he  spent  a  year  with  Xaver  Schar- 
wenka,  the  noted  Hungarian  pianist,  and  also  under  Ernest 
Jedliczka,  the  Russian  master.  On  his  return  to  Utah,  Prof. 
McClellan  was  tendered  the  chair  of  music  in  the  State  Uni- 
versity, and  was  appointed  organist  at  the  Tabernacle.  Since 


592  U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 

his  incumbency  of  the  latter  position  the  organ  has  been  re- 
modeled and  improved  at  an  expense  of  $12,000,  and  to  Prof. 
McClellan  is  due  the  credit  for  this  splendid  accomplishment. 
He  it  was  also  who  conceived  the  idea  of  giving  free  organ 
recitals  every  week  in  the  Tabernacle — an  institution  that  has 
met  with  the  greatest  interest  and  satisfaction. 

As  a  composer  Prof.  McClell^n  occupies  a  high  plane, 
many  of  his  compositions  having  been  enthusiastically  re- 
ceived. His  classes  have  been  eminenty  successful  and  many 
of  his  pupils  have  been  thoroughly  equipped  for  high  pro- 
fessional careers,  some  at  present  being  in  Europe,  where 
they  are  giving  the  greatest  promise  of  success  and  attesting 
the  merits  of  their  fundamental  training  under  his  direction. 


MISS    GRATIS.  FLANDERS. 

THE  musical  career  of  this  lady  extends  over  a  period 
.of  eighteen  years,  a  period  teeming  with  activity  and  most 
gratifying  success.  For  the  past  twelve  years  as  piano 
teacher  Miss  Flanders  has  stood  at  the  head  of  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  active  musical  clienteles  in  Salt  Lake  City. 
Leaving  a  large  class  of  promising  pupils  in  Chicago  on  ac- 
count of  health  considerations,  she  sought  this  musical  center, 
and  since  her  advent  here  has  been  an  important  factor  in 
the  artistic  life  of  this  city,  and  has  done  much  towards 
creating  a  musical  taste  for,  and  appreciation  of,  classical 
music  by  her  frequent  public  recitals.  She  has  turned  out 
more  fine  players  than  many  teachers  can  boast  of.  Among 
those  who  have  achieved  distinction  in  the  art  of  piano- 
forte playing  may  be  mentioned  Miss  Geneva  Ellerbeck, 
Spencer  Clawson,  Jr.,  Miss  Irma  Watson  and  Miss  Pearl 
Rothschild,  besides  many  younger  performers  of  note. 
Musical  talent,  even  of  a  high  order,  counts  but  little  in  the 
making  of  a  great  educator  unless  accompanied  by  pro- 
fessional enthusiam  and  a  genuine  interest  in  the  welfare  of 


THE  FINE  ARTS. 


593 


the  student.  Miss  Flanders  is  an  indefatigable  worker.  Her 
strong  personality  and  magnetism  react  on  her  pupils  and 
inspire  them  with  some  of  her  own  love  and  enthusiasm  for 

music,. as  is  shown  by  their 
performances  in  public.  Miss 
Flanders  makes  frequent 
trips  east  for  the  purpose  of 
hearing  grand  opera  and 
keeping  herself  in  touch  with 
musical  movements  and  new 
ideas.  Two  seasons  ago  she 
spent  the  summer  in  Europe, 
where  she  had  the  oppor- 
tunity of  meeting  Miszkous- 
ki,  Franz  Kullak  and  other 
celebrities,  as  well  as  of  at- 
tending the  Wagner  Festival 
in  Bayreuth  and  hearing 
opera  in  Paris.  She  has  oc- 
cupied the  chair  of  music  in 
Rowland  Hall  for  the  past 
WANDERS.  eight  years.  Miss  Flanders 

be^an  her  study  of  the  piano 

at  the  age  of  six  in  New  York  City,  and  for  several  years  was 
a  pupil  of  the  eminent  pianist  and  teacher,  Emil  Liebling,  in 
Chicago.  Much  of  her  success  in  teaching  is  due  to  this 
noted  master.  She  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  studying  har- 
mony with  the  late  Frederic  Grant  Gleason  and  Adolph 
Weidig.  Without  reference  to  her  musical  attainments  she 
is  a  popular  member  of  society. 


L.  A.  RAMSEY. 

MR.  RAMSEY,  portrait  and  figure  painter  and  brother  to 
Emma  Ramsey,  the  "Utah  nightingale,"  was  born  in  Illinois 


594 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


but  came  to  Utah  with  his  parents  when  but  a  lad.  Was  edu- 
cated in  the  schools  of  Payson  and  the  B.  Y.  Academy  of 
Provo.  He  began  the  study  of  art  very  young  and  has  been 
a  devoted  student  ever  since.  In  1895-6  he  attended  the  art 
school  in  Boston,  where  he  distinguished  himself  in  sculpture 

as  well  as  in  painting.  Af- 
ter spending  several  years  in 
the  mountains  of  the  West 
he  returned  East  to  spend 
two  years  more  in  the  Art 
Academy  of  Chicago,  and 
from  there  went  to  Paris 
where  he  again  distinguished 
himself  by  taking  the  high- 
est honors  of  any  foreigner 
in  the  school  in  the  January 
concour  in  figure  drawing,. 
1903.  While  in  Paris  he  re- 
ceived commissions  to  paint 
the  portraits  of  Baron  and 
Baroness  Openheim  and  sev- 
eral other  distinguished  peo- 
ple. On  his  return  to  Utah 
he  was  given  charge  of  the 
art  department  of  the  L.  D. 
S.  University,  and  appointed  by  the  Governor  one  of  the  four 
artists  on  the  governing  board  of  the  Utah  Art  Institute^ 
which  position  he  still  holds. 

While  Mr.  Ramsey  has  specialized  on  portraits  and 
figures,  his  landscapes  and  historical  compositions  are  attract- 
ing some  attention  The  frontispiece  of  this  book  is  from 
one  of  his  compositions.  It  represents  the  Pioneers'  first 
view  of  Salt  Lake  valley,  the  recumbent  figure  in  the  wagon- 
being  that  of  President  Brigham  Young.  It  tells  a  story  all 
its  own. 


I,.    A.   RAMSEY. 


1HE  FINE  AR1S. 


595 


AGNES    DAHLQUIST. 

Miss  AGNES  DAHLQUIST  has  lately  returned  from  a 
three  years'  stay  in  Berlin,  Germany,  where  she  studied  at 
the  Stearns  Conservatory  of  Music  and  from  which  she 
graduated  with  great  honors.  Miss  Dahlquist  is  one  of  the 
very  few  of  Utah's  musicians  who  came  home  with  a  di- 
ploma from  one  of  the  greatest  musical  institutions  of  Europe. 
She  is  a  native  of  Utah,  having  been  born  in  Salt  Lake  City. 

Her  love  of  music  exhibited 
itself  in  her  earliest  child- 
hood. When  about  four 
years  old  she  would  steal 
away  and  was  often  found 
sitting  on  doorsteps  in  the 
dead  of  winter  with  tears  in 
her  eyes  listening  to  music 
within.  She  commenced 
studying  the  piano  when 
nine  years  old;  later  she 
commenced  studying  under 
Prof.  Anthon  Pederson,  and 
under  his  excellent  tutorship 
she  advanced  to  the  very 
front  rank  of  home-trained 
musicians.  She  became  a 
very  successful  teacher  and 
had  all  the  pupils  she  could 
handle;  in  fact,  for  several 
months  before  she  went  abroad  she  had  to  refuse  several  ap- 
plications. Besides  her  regular  course  in  piano,  harmony  ,theory, 
etc.,  at  the  conservatory,  Miss  Dahlquist  also  took  private 
lessons  on  the  piano  from  the  world-renowned  master,  Xaver 
Scharwenka,  and  pipe  organ  lessons  from  that  greatest  of 
German  organists,  Prof.  Otto  Dienel.  When  about  to  leave 
Berlin  Miss  Dahlquist  was  offered,  through  the  faculty  of  the 


AGNES 


596 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


Stearns  Conservatory,  a  position  as  instructor  of  the  piano  in 
the  Conservatory  of  Music  of  Chicago,  but  as  she  would 
have  to  enter  into  an  agreement  for  four  years  the  offer  was 
declined.  She  is  now  meeting  with  good  success  as  teacher 
of  piano,  theory  and  harmony,  and  has  already  several  very 
promising  pupils  that  will  finish  with  her  before  going  abroad. 


CHARLES  KENT. 

THIS  favorite   baritone    was  ushered  into  the  mundane 
sphere  at   Newcastle-on-Tyne,   England,  May  i,  1866.     He 

got  the  rudiments  of  his 
musical  education  at  the 
noted  Town  Hall  of  that 
place,  where  there  is  a  grand 
organ,  and  sang  there  in  his 
boyhood.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1882,  and 
went  to  St.  Paul  and  was 
there  during  the  great  fire 
in  which  the  Union  depot  was 
burned.  Ogden,  Utah,  was 
his  next  stopping  place  in 
September,  1883,  and  here 
he  led  a  choir  in  the  Fifth 
ward  for  eight  years.  One 
day  in  1894  he  met  George 
Primrose,  the  noted  min- 
strel, and  sang  for  him, 
which  resulted  in  Mr.  Kent's 
immediate  engagement  as 
-"extra  man,"  a  most  unprecedented  thing  and  a  mark  of  high 
appreciation.  He  rose  from  that  to  stage  manager  and  musi- 
cal director,  which  he  filled  for  five  years;  was  associated  in 


CHARGES  KENT. 


THE  FINE  ARTS. 


597 


work  with  Mr.  Hyde  of  Hyde  &  Beaman,  one  of  the  greatest 
managerial  concerns  in  the  country,  and  after  playing  the  Keith 
&  Proctor  circuit  for  a  season  came  to  Salt  Lake  for  a  long 
stay,  and  opened  his  present  studio  in  the  Constitution  build- 
ing, where  as  a  vocal  teacher  he  has  achieved  a  wide  repu- 
tation. 

Prof.  Kent's  soul  is  in  his  work  and  this  always  counts 
largely  for  success.  He  is  one  of  the  most  sympathetic  of 
baritones,  his  singing  having  a  resonant  charm  that  is  a  de- 
light to  all  listeners.  He  takes  pleasure  in  being  recognized 
as  a  Utah  man  and  all  who  know  him  reciprocate  the  feeling. 


J.  M.  CHAMBERLAIN. 

JOHN  MARVIN  CHAMBERLAIN  was  born  May  27,  1844, 
in  the  town  of  Leicester,  England.     He  left  England  March 

29,  1853,  on  the  sailing  vessel 
falcon,  and  was  nine  weeks  on 
the  sea.  Came  to  New  Or- 
leans, then  took  steamboat  up 
the  Mississippi  river  to  Keo- 
kuk,  Iowa;  traveled  across  the 
plains  by  ox  team  to  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah,  arriving  October 
16,  1853,  walking  all  the  way. 
Like  others  of  that  time,  he 
lived  through  many  hard  trials. 
Was  married  to  Louise  Raw- 
lings  February  21,  1876,  and 
has  seven  fine  boys  to  keep  up 
the  family  name.  In  1866  he 

J.    M.   CHAMBBRI.Am.  ^^    .Q   ^    g^   JJ^  ^ 

in   Sanpete,  in  Major  Casper's  company.     He  always  loved 
music  and  studied  the  organ  and  piano  with  Prof.  Orson  Pratt. 


598  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

President  Brigham  Young  said  he  had  a  future  as  a  musician, 
which  has  been  fully  borne  out.  He  played  on  the  Taber- 
nacle organ  for  eight  years;  has  written  quite  a  number  of 
compositions  for  the  piano  and  organ,  two  of  the  most  popu- 
lar being  the  "Marvin  Waltz,"  which  has  had  five  editions,  and 
the  beautiful  piece  entitled  "Heart  Tones."  Prof.  Radcliffe 
said  of  this  last  named  piece  that  it  is  one  of  the  finest  ever 
published  in  Utah  and  a  credit  to  the  State.  Mr.  Chamber- 
lain has  written  quite  a  number  of  popular  songs  for  Sunday 
school  use,  among  them  "Marching  Homeward,"  and  "When 
Jesus  Shall  Come  in  His  Glory."  He  has  been  the  leader  of 
the  Eighth  ward  choir  over  thirty  years,  and  connected  with 
the  Eighth  ward  Sunday  school  the  same  length  of  time. 
The  children  all  love  him.  He  has  taught  piano  and  organ 
music  for  over  twenty-five  years,  and  is  the  musician  of  the 
firm  of  Vansant  &  Chamberlain,  No.  51  and  53  Main  street, 
who  have  sold  a  large  number  of  pianos  and  organs  all  over 
this  Western  country.  He  has  thousands  of  friends  whose 
homes  are  made  happy  by  his  square  dealing-.-  winning  ways 
and  pleasing  personality. 

In  the  earlier  years  here  and  during  the  Indian  troubles 
Mr,  Chamberlain  acquired  the  art  of  expert  shooting,  which 
with  fishing  are  his  favorite  pastimes.  He  has  any  number  of 
trophies,  such  as  deer  heads,  antlers  and  skins  of  animals.  It 
should  also  be  said  of  him  that  there  are  no  places  where  enter- 
tainments have  taken  place  in  Salt  Lake  City  in  which  he  has 
not  played  for  charity,  this  amounting  to  many  hundreds  of 
times  and  being  a  record  of  its  own.  Prof.  Chamberlain  is 
one  of  the  most  approachable  and  unaffected  of  the  able  men 
before  the  public. 


JOHN    HAFEN. 

MR.  JOHN  HAFEN,  the  popular  landscape  painter,  was 
born  in  Scherzingen,  Canton  Thurgan,    Switzerland,  March 


THE  FINE  ARTS. 


599 


-22,  1856.  He  emigrated  to  Utah  in  1862.  His  residence  and 
studio  are  at  Springville,  Utah.  He  studied  in  the  Julian 
Academy,  Paris,  under  Jules  Lefebvre  and  Ben.  Constant. 
He  received  the  State  prize  of  $500  in  1900,  and  the  medal 

of  honor  in  1902  from  the 
Utah  Art  Institute;  was 
awarded  the  first  prize  of 
$100  for  the  best  work  of 
art,  and  the  first  prize  for 
the  best  landscape  by  the 
State  Fair  of  1902.  He  was 
decorator  of  the  interior  of 
the  Salt  Lake  Temple,  and 
his  really  fine  achievements 
are  visible  wherever  one 
may  go.  His  career  is  by 
no  means  developed,  it  is 
only  fairly  under  way.  He 
is  one  of  the  men  whose 
genius  have  shed  luster  up- 
on the  youngest  of  the 
States,  and  its  people  are 
not  slow  in  making  due  ac- 
knowledgment of  the  fact, 
while  hoping  that  he  and  all  others  may  receive  a  full  meas- 
ure of  encouragement  in  the  field  for  which  nature  has  so 
well  equipped  them. 


JOHN   HAFKN. 


MERCY  RACHEL  BAKER. 

IN  ANOTHER  domain  of  art  than  that  which  in  this  de- 
partment has  already  been  considered  to  some  extent,  a  fine 
figure  is  here  presented.  It  is  that  of  Miss  Mercy  Rachel 
Baker,  the  principal  of  the  Baker  School  of  Oratory  in  the 


600 


U1AB  AS  IT  JS. 


Templelon  building,  Salt  Lake  City.  The  art  to  which  she 
has  become  devoted  is  one  that  is  of  inestimable  value  to  the 
development  of  the  best  manhood  and  womanhood  of  the 

State  — the  art 
of  elocution  and 
oratory;  and 
Miss  Baker  has 
shown  herself 
to  be  a  con- 
spicuous suc- 
cess in  her 
chosen  field. 

S^h  e  was 
born  in  Men- 
don ,  Cache 
County,  Utahr 
Sept.  29,  1875, 
and  received 
her  earlier  edu- 
cation in  the 
public  schools. 
After  graduat- 
ing from  col- 
lege, she  took 
up  the  occupa- 
tion of  teaching, 
in  which  she 
met  with  re- 
markable suc- 
cess. During 
the  years  1894- 
95  she  taught 
in  the  Woodruff 
school  at  Logan,  Utah,  and  occupied  the  position  of  critic- 
teacher  for  the  normal  students  of  the  B.  Y.  College.  Her 
spare  time  was  passed  in  the  study  of  literature  and  ex- 


MERCY    RACHEL   BAKER. 


THE   FINE  ARTS.  601 

pression,  one  that  was  dear  to  her  above  all  others  from  early 
childhood.  She  spent  her  summer  vacations  in  the  Utah 
University  trying  to  perfect  herself  along  the  lines  of  litera- 
ture and  psychology.  In  1896  she  went  east  and  resumed 
her  studies  with  some  of  the  best  doctors  and  professors 
there.  At  Boston  she  entered  the  Posse  Gymnasium;  at  Cam- 
bridge Dr.  Sargent's  Sanitary  Gymnasium  and  Harvard  Uni- 
versity; and  in  1891  she  graduated  with  high  honors  from 
the  Emerson  College  of  Oratory.  After  her  graduation 
Miss  Baker  visited  the  leading  schools,  colleges  and  universi- 
ties of  Boston,  Cambridge,  New  York,  Buffalo  and  Chicago, 
where  she  gained  much  knowledge  of  methods  that  was  to 
prove  useful  to  her  in  the  future.  Since  her  return  to  Utah 
she  has  held  the  position  of  teacher  of  oratory  and  physical 
education  in  Preston  Academy,  Idaho,  and  in  1903  she  came 
to  Salt  Lake  City,  where  she  established  the  Baker  School 
of  Oratory.  Here  she  is  meeting  with  marked  success  in  her 
work,  so  much  so  that  additional  help  for  the  ensuing  year 
is  contemplated. 

Miss  Baker  is  a  well  educated,  talented  and  accomplished 
young  lady  of  rare  gifts  and  excellent  qualities  of  mind  and 
character.  Her  methods  are  original,  but  at  the  same  time 
strictly  psychological  and  scientific.  She  has  the  art  of  de- 
veloping power  and  originality  in  her  pupils,  is  quick  to  per- 
ceive the  needs  of  her  students  and  to  adapt  her  methods  to 
those  particular  needs.  As  a  reader  she  possesses  marked 
ability  and  displays  a  tact  and  talent  beyond  that  usually  ob- 
served in  this  profession.  Her  work  is  artistic,  sincere  and 
sympathetic,  and  she  interprets  the  thought,  feeling  and 
beauty  of  the  author's  words  in  an  artistic,  effective  and 
charming  manner.  That  she  is  a  Utah  girl  is  a  consideration 
lending  special  interest  to  her  work  and  its  success  in  the 
domain  of  art.  She  is  another  figure  in  the  splendid  galaxy 
of  Utah's  talented  daughters  who  add  to  its  reputation  as 


30 


602 


U1AH  AS  II  IS. 


an  art  center,  and  she  is  likewise  one  of  the  self-made  women 
of  our  State. 


C.  E.  JOHNSON. 

EVERYBODY  in  this  chain  of  hills  knows  genial,  pushing 
'•Charley"  Johnson.  He  was  launched  upon  this  sea  of 
trouble  about  1860,  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  was 

brought  to  Utah  by  his  par- 
ents soon  after.  His  father, 
Joseph  E.,  was  one  of  the 
noted  journalists  of  his  time, 
having  published  newspa- 
pers in  Iowa  and  Nebraska 
before  coming  to  Utah, where 
he  established  the  Farmer'1* 
Oracle  at  Spring  Lake, 
Utah  County, afterwards  6W 
Dixie  Times  at  St.  George. 
He  was  one  of  the  most 
pushing,  energetic,  progres- 
sive men  in  Utah,  and  made 
the  desert  literally  blossom 
wherever  he  went.  He  had 
a  large  and  intelligent  fami- 
ly, Charles  E.  being  but  one 
of  several  sons.  The  old 
editor  and  builder's  portrait  appears  on  page  157. 

The  subject  of  this  chapter  has  for  years  been  one  of 
the  leading  photographers  of  the  Western  country,  his  finely 
equipped  establishment  on  West  Temple  street  being  a  fine 
art  gallery  as  well.  It  is  a  favorite  resort  of  the  theatrical 
profession.  Acknowledgment  is  here  made  of  the  assistance 


C.    E.  JOHNSON. 


THE  UNh  AR1S. 


603 


furnished    this   work  by    Mr.  Johnson,  most  of  the  portraits 
herein  contained  being  the  product  of  his  studio. 


J.  A.  DEBOUZEK. 

THIS  noted  engraver  was  born  in  1874  *n  France.  He 
emigrated  with  his  parents  to  Nebraska  at  the  age  of  four, 
and  located  on  a  farm.  From  his  eighth  year  up  to  the 
twenty-fifth  he  made  his  way  through  the  public  schools  and 

took  a  degree  in  college  at 
Vallpariso,  Ind.,  and  another 
at  the  Chicago  Art  Institute, 
and  traveled  as  a  commer- 
cial salesman  practically  all 
over  the  United  States. 
After  two  years  spent  in 
Chicago  engraving  houses, 
he  started  the  DeBouzek 
Engraving  Co.  in  Salt  Lake 
City.  From  that  on  this 
house  has  been  a  great  suc- 
cess. No  competition  could 
stand  before  it  and  now  it 
sends  work  all  over  the  in- 
termountain  country,  and 
owns  the  finest  engraving 
plant  in  the  West.  From  a 
penniless  boy  at  eight 
years  that  could  neither 

write  nor  speak  English  he  has  worked  up  to  a  fine  position  in 
the  world,  though  the  artistic  life  is  seldom  a  successful  finan- 
cial one.  He  owns  in  addition  to  the  engraving  plant  some 
farming  lands  in  Oklahoma  and  with  his  successful  mining 
ventures  has  no  regrets  because  of  the  artistic  life  not  being 
an  altogether  remunerative  one. 


J.    A,    DEBOUZEK. 


Part  III.— Appendix. 


NOTEWORTHY   EVENTS    OF    RECENT    OC 

CURRENCE,  DROPPED  STITCHES  AND 

CORRECTIONS. 


IT  WAS  fondly  hoped  at  the  beginning  of  this  work  and, 
in  fact,  until  a  long  time  after,  that  there  would  be  no 
need  of  appendix,  addenda  or  corrections,  or  anything  in  that 
line,  but  this  wish  was  not  to  be  gratified.  The  prolonga- 
tion of  the  publishing  beyond  the  time  at  which  it  was  ex- 
pected the  book  would  appear — the  end  of  1903 — has  made 
it  advisable  to  mako  mention  of  some  important  events  occur- 
ring about  and  since  that  time  and  thus  have  everything  up 
to  date.  Also  some  errors  have  been  disclosed  that  need 
attention,  these  occurring  in  spite  of  the  closest  scrutiny; 
and  though  mainly  typographical  they  are  in  some  cases 
misleading,  and  under  any  view  of  the  case  are  exceedingly 
annoying.  The  "dropped  stitches,"  as  to  data  and  departures, 
are  gathered  up  and  properly  placed  in  their  department, 
which  no  doubt  will  be  found  quite  interesting  on  its  own  ac- 
count and  therefore  no  excuses  need  be  offered  for  it. 


THE   WAR   FOOTING. 


UTAH'S  MILITARY  STATUS  AND  RECORD  AT 
HOME  AND  ABROAD. 

SHORTLY  before  the  holidays  a  systematic  and  sympa- 
thetic strike  broke  out  in  the  great  coal  fields  of  the 
southeastern  part  of  Utah  and  the  interior  of  Carbon  coun- 
ties, this  rapidly  becoming  a  menace  to  law  and  order.  The 
strikers  had  determined  that  their  places  should  not  be  filled 
by  non-union  men,  and  it  was  decided  upon  to  call  out  the 
armed  force  of  the  State,  organized  as  the  National  Guard  of 
Utah,  and  this  was  done.  In  frigid  weather  the  boys  per- 
formed their  duties  faithfully  for  several  weeks,  until  the 
menace  had  passed  and  peace  and  security  were  assured, 
then  returned  to  their  homes.  They  are  a  fine  lot  of  young 
men,  well  commanded,  and  can  be  depended  upon  in  any 
emergency.  This  introductory  statement  paves  the  way  for 
a  chapter  relating  to  Utah's  general  military  service  and 
capacity. 

This  State  has  not  made  much  of  a  reputation  in  a  mili- 
tant way,  because  the  people  as  a  rule  incline  to  the 
peaceable  side  of  propositions;  yet  it  has  not  exempted  itself 
from  warlike  measures  by  any  means  nor  have  its  people 
been  any  more  backward  when  there  was  a  call  for  armed 
force  than  have  people  elsewhere.  As  a  matter  of  record, 
for  a  long  period  following  the  first  year  or  two  of  Utah's 
settlement,  fighting  with  the  aborigines  was  a  common,  and 
for  months  at  a  time  a  continuous,  thing;  much  of  this  was  on 
account  of  the  Government,  for  which,  as  has  already  been 
shown,  there  has  been  no  setttement  made.  It  is  to  be 
observed  that  none  of  this  was  sought,  the  policy  being  to 
treat  the  natives  kindly  and  to  meet  force  with  force  only 


606  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

when  compelled  to  do  so,  a  plan  which  has  produced  much 
more  beneficial  results  than  indiscriminate  and  relentless  war- 
fare ever  could  have  accomplished. 

The  ''disloyalty  of  the  Mormons"  has  been  paraded 
before  the  public  so  much  by  embittered  opponents  or  disap- 
pointed partisans  that  it  is  accepted  in  some  places  and  by 
a  few  people  as  a  matter  of  course.  It  is  industriously  pre- 
sented— though  not  so  industriously  as  once  was  the  case — 
that  the  Saints  have  a  government  of  their  own,  above  and 
separate  from  all  other  governments,  that  hey  are  a  law 
unto  themselves,  and  so  on.  and  hence  their  persecutions  in 
their  former  homes  and  in  Utah.  A  part  of  their  disloyal 
tendencies,  it  is  claimed,  is  shown  in  their  taking  no  part  in 
the  war  of  the  rebellion,  their  position  being  counted  worse 
than  that  of  the  rebels  themselves  because  of  taking  no  hand 
on  either  side.  Perhaps  it  never  occurred  to  the  critics  that 
the  same  objection  might  have  been  urged  against  the 
Quakers,  but  no  matter  as  to  that.  It  ought  to  be  consid- 
ered, even  where  it  is  not,  that  no  call  was  made  on  the  Mor- 
mons for  aid,  that  no  requisition  was  made  even  on  the  Ter- 
ritory which  they  inhabited.  Perhaps  they  would  not  have 
responded  if  such  call  had  been  made — perhaps  they,  or  some 
of  them,  might.  It  would  be  charitable  as  well  as  legal  to 
give  them  the  benefit  of  the  doubt,  especially  in  view  of  the 
antecedent  and  recent  facts  that  Mormons  in  large  numbers 
have  been  enrolled  in  the  armies  of  the  United  States  and 
gone  forth  to  fight  under  its  flag  at  the  direction  of  its  offi- 
cers. Utah,  like  California,  contained  a  great  many  Confed- 
erate sympathizers  who.  if  they  had  been  subjected  to  a 
strong  enough  pressure  to  make  them  enter  the  civil  war  at 
all,  would  unhesitatingly  have  placed  themselves  amid  that 
gallant,  splendid  array  over  whose  serried  columns  floated 
the  "bonny  blue  flag,"  the  Stars  and  Bars  of  the  sunny  South- 
land. From  personal  observation,  which  may  have  been  im- 
perfect because  of  the  extreme  youth  and  equally  extreme 
disloyalty  of  the  writer,  he  believes  that  the  greater  number 


1HE  WAR  P  001 ING.  607 

here  inclined  sympathetically  toward  the  Confederates,  and 
there  were  other  reasons  for  this  than  sheer  opposition  to  the 
Union  cause.  In  the  first  place,  the  matchless  unanimity,  the 
uncontrollable  enthusiasm,  the  chivalry,  daring  and  unques- 
tionable prowess  characterizing  the  Southern  armies  chal- 
lenged the  admiration  of  the  whole  world,  while  their  earlier 
achievements  afield  seemed  to  proclaim  them  the  winners  in 
advance  of  the  desperate  game  in  which  so  much  was  at 
stake.  That  such  people  were  contemplating  the  glamour 
rather  than  the  actuality  is  neither  here  nor  there;  but  for  that 
glamour  all  soldiers  would  be  assassins,  all  leaders  butchers, 
and  all  fighting  governments  despoilers.  I  have  given  this 
as  a  matter  of  belief;  it  remains  as  a  matter  of  fact  that  all 
were  not  rebel  sympathizers,  and  the  ranks  of  the  other  class 
contained  some  of  the  biggest  and  best  informed  men  in  the 
community.  Among  these  were  George  A.  Smith,  first 
counselor  to  President  Brigham  Young;  President  Daniel  H. 
Wells;  Thomas  Watson,  one  of  the  most  extensive  travelers, 
experienced  business  men  and  best  posted  citizens  in  the 
community;  Elias  Smith,  editor  of  the  Deseret  JVcws,  and 
several  others.  The  writer  was  an  apprentice  in  the  News 
during  the  greater  part  of  the  war,  and  most  of  the  mechani- 
cal force  looked  at  things  political  as  he  did.  One  day  came 
the  announcement  of  the  capture  of  Donelson  by  Grant;  the 
editor  came  into  the  composing  room  with  the  dispatch,  his 
countenance  fairly  beaming.  "Oh,"  said  he,  UI  told  you  fel- 
lows you  had  better  not  be  too  fast  rejoicing  over  rebel  vic- 
tories. You  see  the  bull  dog  has  got  hold  at  last!"  In  this 
connection,  it  may  as  well  be  noted  that,  whether  it  is  true  or 
not  that  no  Mormons  engaged  in  the  civil  war,  a  great  many 
who  were  on  one  side  or  the  other  have  since  entered  the 
Church,  some  of  them  immediately  or  shortly  after  the  fight- 
ing ceased. 

The  showing  becomes  a  much  better  one  when  it  is  con- 
sidered that  the  Mormons  have  promptly  responded  to  every 
call  made  upon  them  by  the  Government,  and  these  have  not 
been  so  seldom  as  the  antis  would  have  the  world  believe.  It 


608  U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 

should  further  be  held  in  remembrance  that  Mormons  vied 
with  Gentiles  in  responding  to  the  last  calls  made,  in  1898; 
that  the  service  of  the  Mormons  was  equal  to  that  of  any 
other  soldiers  in  the  field  and  that  proportionately  as  many  of 
them  were  killed  and  wounded.  Just  at  this  point  let  us  look 
at  another  proposition :  Some  of  the  boys  who  went  forth 
to  do  battle  for  their  country  were  not  only  sons  of  polyga- 
mists,  but  polygamous  offspring  themselves!  It  is  thus  shown 
that  lives  which  the  Government  did  all  it  could  to  repress, 
and  whose  authors  were  hounded,  imprisoned  and  fined,  were 
offered  and  received  in  defense  of  its  honor  and  its  flag!  One 
of  these  climbed  very  high,  not  only  in  rank  but  in  achieve- 
ments ot  gallantry  and  skill  on  the  field  of  battle;  his  name  is 
Richard  W.  Young,  and  he  was  a  major.  A.  M.  Musser 
had  two  sons,  both  the  offspring  of  polygamous  unions,  in 
that  army,  and  there  were  others,  all  of  whom  made  splendid 
records.  Let  us  look  at  these  things  occasionally  and  not 
quite  so  often  at  the  other  side. 

Returning  to  the  National  Guard:  The  National  Guard 
of  Utah  was  organized  pursuant  to  law  in  March,  1894.  The 
report  of  the  Adjutant-General,  Charles  S.  Burton,  for 
1902,  shows  that  within  a  few  days  of  the  executive  ap- 
proval of  the  act  providing  for  the  Guard,  three  companies 
were  mustered  in  with  their  full  complement  of  officers 
and  men;  and  the  work  of  enlistment  progressed  with 
such  rapidity  that  within  a  few  months  a  somewhat  imposing 
brigade,  so  far  as  concerns  numerical  strength  and  variety  of 
branches  of  the  service,  had  come  into  existence.  There  were 
no  less  than  sixteen  companies  of  infantry,  three  troops  of 
cavalry,  two  batteries  of  light  artillery,  together  with  a  signal 
and  a  hospital  corps,  the  counties  represented  in  these  organ- 
izations being  Cache,  Box  Elder,  Weber,  Morgan,  Davis, 
Tooele,  Utah,  Sanpete,  Sevier,  Garfield  and  Salt  Lake,  the 
equipment  of  this  large  body  of  men  being  made  possible  by 
the  fact  that  Utah's  share  of  the  Congressional  appropriation 
biennially  made  for  the  support  of  the  National  Guard  of  the 


THE  WAR  FOOTING.  609 

country,  had  been  accumulating  as  a  credit  on  the  books  of 
the  War  Department,  and  it  became  at  once  available  upon  the 
requisition  of  the  Governor  when  the  bill  for  the  organization 
of  the  militia  of  this  then  Territory  h:id  become  law.  It 
thus  transpired  that  a  sum  approaching  eight  thousand  dol- 
lars could  be  drawn  in  ordnance  and  quartermaster  supplies; 
and  this  was  done,  permitting  the  complete  equipment  of  our 
forces  in  arms  and  other  ordnance  and  the  issue  to  them  of 
the  usual  requisite  portions  of  the  fatigue  or  service  uniform. 
But  the  Guard  had  entered  only  upon  the  experimental  period 
of  its  existence,  and  great  as  was  the  zeal  and  enthusiasm  of 
both  officers  and  men,  these  were  soon  found  to  be  an  imper- 
fect substitute  for  experience.  It  became  apparent  that  for 
the  effective  maintenance  of  the  organization  something  more 
was  needed  than  guns  and  clothes  from  Washington.  From 
some  source  means  had  to  be  procured  to  pay  the  rent  of  ar- 
mories and  drill  halls;  to  hire  horses  for  the  mounted  service; 
to  furnish  subsistence  and  per  diem  to  those  called  into  active 
service;  and  to  meet  the  numerous  incidental  expenses  neces- 
sarily incurred.  The  generosity  of  the  Legislature  at  the 
time  was  not  equal  to  the  ardor  of  the  recruits,  doubtless  due 
to  a  lack  of  knowledge  as  to  the  needs  of  the  situation  as  well 
as  to  a  recognition  of  the  state  of  the  treasury.  The  result 
was,  at  any  rate,  that  the  different  organizations  either  taxed 
themselves  individually  for  the  means,  or  suffered  in  efficiency 
and  interest  from  the  lack  of  the  indispensable  facilities  above 
referred  to.  The  path  of  prudence  therefore  lay  along  the 
lines  of  retrenchment;  and  while  the  legislative  appropriation 
increased  with  each  succeeding  session,  through  a  friendly 
recognition  of  the  unselfish  and  patriotic  service  which  our 
young  men  had  undertaken  to  perform,  a  reduction  in  the 
strength  of  the  organization  became  a  necessity.  To  the 
credit  of  those  earlier  companies  it  must  be  said,  however, 
that  nearly  all  of  them  served  out  with  honor  and  with  com- 
mendable efficiency  the  full  term  of  their  enlistment;  after 
which  it  was  comparatively  easy  to  restrain  and  discourage 


610 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


recruiting  at  remote  and  unsuitable  stations.  To  give  legis- 
lative sanction  to  this  policy  and  to  emphasize  the  idea  of 
efficiency  rather  than  numbers,  our  law-makers  have  amended 
the  military  code  from  time  to  time  in  conformity  with  the 
view  set  forth,  until  at  present  the  authorized  strength  of  the 
'organized  militia  may  not  exceed  ten  companies  of  infantry, 
two  troops  of  cavalry,  two  batteries  of  artillery,  and  a  signal 
and  hospital  corps,  with  a  total  of  about  nine  hundred  men  if 
each  organization  shall  contain  its  maximum  number  of  mem- 
bers. This  force,  or  even  two-thirds  of  it,  will  probably 
answer,  for  years  to  come,  every  need  and  requirement  of 
the  State.  The  aim  should  be  to  make  it  compact  and  effi- 
cient, and  to  this  end  every  reasonable  encouragement  should 
be  extended  both  officially  and  on  the  part  of  the  public  gen- 
erally. 

Other  incidents  in  the  history  of  the  National  Guard  during 
the  eight  years  of  its  existence  maybe  briefly  summarized  as 


UTAH    BOYS    IN   THE    PHILIPPINES. 


THE  WAR  FOOTING. 


611 


follows:  Some  of  its  companies  have  on  different  occasions 
performed  duty  in  connection  with  other  threatened  riots  or 
danger  to  the  public  peace  and  good  order,  in  each  case  man- 
ifesting great  prudence  and  discretion  in  the  delicate  service 
required.  It  has  been  assembled  five  times  in  general 
encampment  for  instruction,  besides  three  or  four  times  as 
battalions  or  by  company  for  instruction  in  camp  duty.  It 
furnished  from  its  commissioned  strength  almost  every  officer 
who  served  with  Utah's  volunteers  in  the  recent  war  with 
Spain,  as  well  as  a  large  proportion  of  the  enlisted  men  of 
those  organizations,  whose  glowing  record  for  patriotism  and 
gallantry  will  ever  find  a  place  in  the  annals  of  the  Nation  and 
in  the  hearts  of  the  people  of  this  State;  while  in  the  some- 
times exacting  duties  required  in  time  of  peace,  such  as  turn- 
ing out  for  parades,  processions  and  other  occasions  of  cere- 
mony, there  has  always  been  a  ready  willingness  to  respond, 
at  whatsoever  personal  inconvenience  and  frequently  at  con- 
siderable individual  expense. 

The  organized  strength  of  the  Guard  at  present,  as 
shown  from  the  latest  returns  and  muster  rolls  of  the  organi- 
zations, is  as  follows: 


Date  of 
Enlistment. 

Station. 

Commis- 
sioned 
Officers. 

Non-Com- 
missioned 
Officers 
and 
Privates. 

Total. 

Gen.  Staff  and   Field 
Officers  and   Staffs 

Salt  Lake. 

22 

22 

Signal  Corps  

Nov    1  3    '04 

Suit  Lake 

2O 

27 

Hospital  Corps  

Feb    *Q7 

Salt  Lake 

I  3. 

tl 

Company  B  

Oct    IQ    'Q? 

Bountiful 

•i 

CQ 

C7 

Company  F  

Nov   24   '97 

Manti 

I 

74 

7C 

Battery  A  
Company  H  

Sept.  16,  'oo 
Jan    21,  '01 

Salt  Lake. 
Salt   Lake 

4 

2 

55 

^8 

g 

Company  G  

April  9,  '01. 

Provo 

7 

c7 

60 

Company  A  
Troop  A  .    ... 

April  27,  '01. 
Feb   18    '02 

Nephi  
Salt  Lake 

2 

42 

44 

07 

ist  Infantry  Band  

Nov.  '02  

Salt  Lake 

IQ 

O/ 
IQ 

Totals  

47 

4O2 

44.C 

612  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

The  names  of  the  commissioned  officers  of    the  National 
Guard  of  Utah  are  as  follows: 

GOVERNOR'S  STAFF. 

Gen.  C.  S.  Burton,  Adjutant  General Salt  Lake  City 

Col.  N.  W.  Clayton,  Quartermaster  General "         '«       " 

Col.  S.  H.  Pinkerton,  Surgeon  General '•         "       " 

Col.  Benner  X.  Smith,  Judge  Advocate  General "         "       " 

Col.  W.  J.  Shealy,  Commissary  General Ogden,  Utah 

Col.  Geo.  A.  Seaman,  Ins.  Gen.  Target  Practice Abraham, Utah 

Lt.  Col.  E.  S.  Ferry,  Aide-de-Camp Salt  Lake  City 

Lt.  Col.  John  D  Spencer,  Aid-de-Camp «•       "       " 

General  John  Q.  Cannon,   Brigadier  General **       «*       •* 

BRIGADE    STAFF. 

Lt.  Col.  H.M   H.  Lund,  Asst,  Ins.  Gen.  Act.  P.  M Salt  Lake  City 

Lt.  Col.  W.  F.  Beer,  Asst.  Surgeon  General '•       "       " 

Lt.  Col.  J.  D.  Ford,  Asst.  Ins.  Tar.  Practice "       "       " 

Major  S.   A    King,  Judge  Advocate Provo,  Utah 

Major  R.  J.  Glendenning,  Aid-de-Camp Salt  Lake  City 

Major  E.  S.  Woodward,  Aid-de-Camp "       "       '• 

Lt.  Col.  J.  A.  Greenwald,  ist  Inf. "       "       " 

FIRST  INFANTRY   STAFF. 

Major  L.  S.  Heywood,  ist  Battalion,  ist  Inf Bountiful, Utah 

Major  Wm.  T.  Dunn,  2nd  Battalion,  ist  Inf Nephi,    Utah 

Major  C.  M    Benedict,  Regimental  Surgeon Salt  Lake  City 

Capt.  Sam  S.  Porter,  Quartermaster «*       "       " 

Capt.  F.  S.  Munn,  Adjutant "       "       " 

Capt.  C.  W.  Bewman,  Asst.  Inf.  Rifle  Practice "       "       " 

UNB    OFFICERS. 

Capt.  W.  C.  Webb,  Battery  A.,  Lt.  Arty Salt  Lake  City 

Capt.  W.  C.  Andrews,  Company  A,  ist.  Inf Nephi.    Utah 

Capt  S.  J.  Ulman,  Troop  A,  ist.  Cav Salt  Lake  City 

Capt.  G .  N.  War  wick,  Company  D,  ist.  Inf. "       "       " 

Capt.  Lamoni  Cill,  Company  E.  ist.  Inf. Bountiful,Utah 

Capt.  Fred.  Kammerman,  Company  F.,  ist.   Inf. Manti,  Utah 

Capt.R   H.  Thomas,  Company  G,  ist  Inf Provo,  Utah 

Capt.  W.  G.  Williams,  Company  H,  ist  Inf Salt  Lake  City 

Capt.  A.  A.  Smith,  Signal  Corps "       "       " 

ist.  Lieut.  H  L    Hennings,    Dattery  A •«       "       '• 

"       "      W.  E.  Kneass,  Battery  A ; "      "       '« 

«'       "      E.  V.  Smith,  Troop  A "       u 

••       "      J   A.  Hyde,  Company  A Nephi,  Utah 

"      "      O.  H.  Hassing,   Company  I) Salt  Lake  City 


THE  WAR  FOOTING. 


613 


"  "  W.  P.  Whittaker,  Company  B » Bountiful,Utah 

"  "  David   Nielson,  Company  F Manti,  Utah 

11  "  O.  P.  Smoot,   Company  G Provo,  Utah 

"  A.  B.  Pembroke,  Company  H Salt  Lake  City 

"  "  A.  J.  Skidmore,   Signal  Corps "       "       " 

"  '•'  L.  H.  Bero,  Signal  Corps u       "       " 

2nd  Lieut  Fred  U.  Leonard,  Battery  A "       »'       «' 

"  "  A.  W.  Caine,  Jr.,  Troop  A "       "       4< 

"  *'  E.  D.  S.  Sorenson,   Company   A Ne phi,  Utah 

"  *•  A.  W.  Hodgert,  Company  D Salt  Lake  City 

11  "  Walter  Duncan,  Company  E Bountiful,Utah 

"  "  Ernest  Jorgenson,  Company  E Manti,  Utah 

"  «'  F.  G.  Dust,  Company  G Provo,  Utah 

"  "  F.  P.  Bassett,  Company  H Salt  Lake  City 

The  services  of  the  Mormon  Battalion,  the  Black  Hawk 
and  other  veterans,  are  elsewhere  spoken  of. 


RECENT  EVENTS. 


POLITICAL  AND  OTHER  OCCURENCES  WORTHY 
OF   RECORD. 

AS  previously  indicated,  there  have  been  some  things  take 
place  which  could  not  be  presented  in  the  previous 
chapters  by  reason  of  not  having  occurred  when  those  chap- 
ters were  printed,  but  which  are  available  now  and  entitled 
to  mention.  Among  these  are  the  municipal  elections  which 
occurred  throughout  the  State  on  November  5,  1903,  and 
which  resulted,  in  a  majority  of  cases,  in  a  change  in  the 
personnel  as  well  as  the  policy  of  administration.  In  Salt 
Lake  City,  for  example,  the  Republicans  were  completely 
overthrown,  their  victorious  opponents  being  about  as  much 
surprised  as  themselves.  The  Democrats  carried  all  the 
general  offices  and  six  out  of  fifteen  councilmen.  The  pres- 
ent city  government  is  as  follows,  the  Democratic  councilmen 
being  marked  * : 

Mayor,  Richard  P.  Morris;  Recorder,  John  S.  Critchlow; 
Attorney,  Charles  C.  Dey;  Auditor,  Charles  B.  Felt;  Treas- 
urer, Fisher  S.  Harris.  Councilmen:  T.  R.  Black,  A.  F. 
Barnes,*  A.  J.  Davis,  E.  H.  Davis,*  George  D.  Dean,  F.  S. 
Fernstrom,*  E.  A.  Hartenstein,*  Thomas  Hobday,  L.  D. 
Martin,  G.  M.  Neuhausen,  Joseph  H.  Preece,  W.  J.  Tudden- 
ham,*  R.  S,  Wells,*  L.  J.  Wood,  F.  J.  Hewlett. 

The  new  Mayor,  Richard  P.  Morris,  is  a  son  of  Richard 
V.  and  Hannah  P.  Morris,  and  was  born  in  the  city  he  now 


RECENT.    EVENTS. 


615 


presides  over  on  December  23,  1857.  He  was  educated  in 
the  local  schools,  and  at  the  early  age  of  thirteen  began  tele- 
graphing and  railroad  work,  having  remained  on  the  old 
Utah  Central  for  twenty-five  years.  Fifteen  years  ago  he 
quit  railroad  work  and  went  into  the  coal  business  and  en- 
gaged in  other  enterprises. 
His  rise  as  an  official  was 
rapid  and  steady,  beginning 
with  a  term  as  Councilman 
from  the  Third  ward,  fol- 
lowed by  an  election  to  the 
office  of  City  Treasurer  in 
1899  and  re-election  'm  I9°1' 
on  which  latter  occasion  he 
enjoyed  the  distinction  of  be- 
ing the  only  man  on  his 
ticket  who  pulled  through. 
In  November,  1903,  he  was 
nominated  for  Mayor  by 
the  Democratic  convention, 
and  though  his  and  his  as- 
sociates' chances  were  for  a 
while  regarded  as  nil,  he 
succeeded  in  being  elected 
by  the  startling  majority  of  over  2,200,  his  triumph  being  so 
pronounced  as  to  carry  the  whole  ticked  through.  The 
writer  has  enjoyed  a  personal  acquaintance  with  Mayor 
Morris  for  many  years;  in  fact,  they  were  telegraphers  on 
the  same  line  for  a  long  time.  He  is  capable  and  exact  in 
all  his  doings,  a  thorough  business  man  and  a  first-class 
citizen. 

Charles  B.  Felt,  the  new  City  Auditor,  was  born 
in  Salt  Lake  City  January  i^,  1860.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  and  entered  the  Deseret  University,  from 
which  he  withdrew  at  an  early  age  to  enter  business.  He  en- 
tered the  employ  of  Gilmer,  Salisbury  &  Co.,  then  operating 


RICHARD   P.    MORRIS. 


616 


U1AH  AS  IT  IS. 


extensive  stage  lines  throughout  the  West,  in  the  auditing  de- 
partment. Mr.  Felt  went  to  Europe  in 'the  fall  of  1880  in  the 
interest  of  the  Mormon  Church,  spending  two  years  at  the 
headquarters  of  the  European  mission  in  the  financial  and 

emigrating  department,  tak- 
ing up  the  position  of  audi- 
tor for  Gilmer,  Salisbury  & 
Co.  and  some  mining  cor- 
porations on  his  return  in 
1882.  In  1888  he  became 
superintendent  of  the  Mon- 
tana &  Arizona  Stage  Co., 
continuing  headquarters  in 
Salt  Lake.  Disposing  of 
those  interests  in  1895,  he 
accepted  the  position  of 
cashier  of  the  First  Bank  of 
Mercur,  remaining  with  that 
institution  during  the  time  of 
its  existence.  He  was  depu- 
ty County  Clerk  under  D. 
C.  Dunbar  during  1897,  resigning  to  accept  a  position  under 
O.  J.  Salisbury,  acting  as  his  private  secretary  and  as  secre- 
tary and  manager  of  the  Groesbeck  Co.,  now  occupying 
the  same  position  in  the  Salisbury  Co.,  successors  to  the 
other.  He  has  occupied  several  important  Church  positions, 
and  has  been  an  active  worker  in  the  Democratic  ranks  since 
the  division  on  national  lines.  He  was  a  candidate  for  the 
suffrages  of  the  people  for  the  first  time  in  the  campaign  of 
1903,  when  he  was  elected  to  his  present  position. 


CHARLES   B.    KELT. 


OGDEN. 


Mayor,  William  Glasmann;  Recorder,  W.  J.  Critch- 
low;  Treasurer,  James  Halvorsen;  Attorney,  J.  E.  Bagley; 
Judge,  J.  A.  Howell.  Councilmen,  R.  B.  Paine,  T.  H.  Carr, 


RECENT  EVENTS.  617 

Alex.  Moyes,  J.  E.  Williams,  William  Craig,  Harvey  Ran- 
dall, S.  W.  Chambers,  Max  Davidson,*  J.  E.  Nye,  Rollo 
Emmett.* 

PROVO. 

Mayor,  W.  M.  Roylance;*  Recorder,  W.  E.  Harding; 
Attorney,  Jacob  Evans;  Justice  of  the  Peace,  A.  A.  Noon; 
Marshal,  W.  K.  Henry;*  Councilmen :  Niels  Johnson,  C.  F. 
Decker,*  James  Gray,*  W.  D.  Roberts,  Jr.,*  Jesse  Harding, 
C.  H.  Miller,  A*.  L.  Booth,  J.  B.  Richmond,  E.  D.  Partridge,* 
Moroni  Snow.* 

LOGAN. 

Mayor,  E.  W.  Robinson;  Recorder,  Hattie  Smith; 
Treasurer,  Lucy  F.  Pardon;*  Attorney,  T.  E.  Keeler;*  Mar- 
shal, Elmer  Crockett;  Justice  of  the  Peace,  L.  S.  Cardon;* 
Councilmen:  H.  E.  Hatch,*  H.  J.  Carlisle,*  T.  H.  Smith, 
William  Evans,*  John  Quayle,  John  Crawford,  Eli  .  Bell, 
George  Lindquist,  James  McNeil,  N.  M.  Hansen  .* 


SOME  PROMINENT  RAILROADERS. 

E.    E.    CALVIN. 

MR.  CALVIN  was  born  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  on  Oct.  16, 
1858,  and  received  his  earlier  education  in  the  public  schools. 
He  enteied  the  railway  service  as  a  telegraph  operator  on  the 
Big  4  railroad  in  1875,  an<3  went  to  the  Union  Pacific  in  the 
same  capacity  in  April,  1877,  remaining  there  till  October, 
1879.  He  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  Union  Pacific 
coal  mines  at  that  time,  a  position  that  was  held  till  June,  1881, 
becoming  train  dispatcher  on  the  Oregon  Short  Line  in 
April,  1882,  and  there  remaining  till  June,  1887.  He  was 


618 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


superintendent  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  from  June,  1887,   till 

February,  1891,  and  filled 
the  same  position  on  the 
Oregon  Short  Line  from  the 
latter  date  till  June,  1895. 
He  was  made  general 
superintendent  of  the  Inter- 
national and  Great  Northern, 
a  position  that  was  held  from 
June,  1895,  fo  March,  1897, 
on  which  latter  date  he  be- 
came general  superintendent 
of  the  Oregon  Short  Line, 
so  continuing  till  May,  1903, 
and  on  the  i5th  of  May  fol- 
lowing was  assigned  to  his 
present  station,  assistant  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  Oregon 
Short  Line. 

Perhaps  no  one  ever 
held  so  many  important  posi- 
tions in  the  same  length  of  time,  and  certainly  no  one  ever 
filled  them  more  acceptably,  as  the  steady  advancement  dis- 
closes. 


E.  CALVIN. 


D.    E.     BURLEY. 

THIS  gentleman,  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  popular 
among  the  widely  known  railroad  men  of  the  West,  is  a 
native  of  Ohio,  having  been  born  in  Buller  County  in  1849. 
In  the  spring  of  1861  his  parents  moved  to  Greencastle, 
Ind.,  where  he  went  through  the  public  schools  and  took  a 
course  in  Asbury  College  from  1865  to  1867.  He  moved  to 
Omaha  in  the  spring  of  1870  and  lived  there  till  1873,  when 
he  went  to  Sidney,  Neb.,  with  an  old  frontiersman,  remaining 


RECEN1  EVENTS. 


619 


there  till  the  next  year  when  he  returned  to  Omaha,  and 
accepted  an  appointment  as  deputy  sheriff,  which  place  he 

held  till  Jan.  i,  1878.  He 
then  went  to  Spotted  Tail  Ind- 
ian agency,  20  miles  north 
of  Yankton,  Dak.,  where  he 
had  charge  of  a  tradership. 
The  next  fall  he  again  re- 
turned to  Omaha,  and  was 
'  soon  after  appointed  travel- 
ing passenger  agent  for  the 
Union  Pacific,  with  head- 
quarters at  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land, and  in  charge  of  all  the 
territory  within  a  great  ra- 
dius embracing  all  east  of 
Parkersburg,  W.  Va.,  and 
Mobile,  La.,  and  south  of 
Philadelphia  and  Harris- 
burg,  Pa.  On  July  i,  1889* 
the  headquarters  were  re- 
moved from  Baltimore  to 

Philadelphia,  and  on  Jan.  i.  1891,  he  was  transferred  to  Salt 
Lake  City,  being  promoted  to  the  position  of  General  Agent 
Passenger  Department  for  the  Union  Pacific  and  in  charge 
of  the  territory  between  Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  and  Huntington, 
Oregon.  On  March  17,  1897,  he  left  the  Union  Pacific  and 
went  to  the  Oregon  Short  Line  as  general  passenger  and 
ticket  agent,  the  position  he  now  holds  and  which  he  has  all 
along  held  with  the  greatest  of  satisfaction  to  the  company 
*nd  the  public. 


D.    E.    BURLEY. 


THOMAS    M.    SCHUMACHER. 


THIS  noted    railroad  man  was  born  Feb.    16,   1861,   at 
Williamsport,  Pa.      He   commenced  railroading  in    1879   as 


620 


UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 


telegraph  operator.  In  1880  he  went  into  train  service  as 
fireman  and  brakeman,  and  in  1882  returned  to  office  work, 
where  he  filled  various  positions,  as  bill  clerk,  cashier  and 

chief  clerk  in  C.  C.  C.  &  I. 
offices,  St.  Louis  and  East 
St.  Louis,  until  1887.  From 
Nov.  ist, 1887, to  ApriljiSpi, 
was  chief  clerk  in  the  Union 
Pacific  office  at  St.  Louis, 
and  from  April,  1891,  to  Oc- 
tober. 1894,  was  chief  clerk 
in  the  general  freight  office 
of  the  Union  Pacific  at 
Omaha.  In  October,  1894, 
he  was  appointed  general 
agent  of  the  Union  Pacific 
at  San  Francisco,  remaining 
there  until  Nov.  ist,  1899. 
Then  went  with  the  Conti- 
nental Fruit  Express  Co.,  as 
vice-president  and  general 
manager,  being  there  for 
two  years.  He  then  returned 
to  the  Union  Pacific  as  general  agent  at  San  Francisco  in 
November,  1900,  remaining  there  until  September,  1901.  He 
was  then  appointed  traffic  manager  of  the  Oregon  Short 
Line  at  Salt  Lake  City,  his  present  position.  That  he  is  a  cap- 
able and  satisfactory  representative  of  the  great  interests 
which  employ  him  is  attested  by  his  steady  advancement. 


THOMAS   M.    SCHUMACHER. 


DANIEL    S.    SPENCER. 


THIS  exceedingly  popular    railway  man  first    opened  his 
eyes  upon  this  sinful  world  on  June   12,  1857,  in  Salt  Lake 


RECENT  EVENTS 


621 


City.  He  went  to  school  at  an  early  age,  and  acquired  as 
much  in  the  way  of  an  education  as  the  facilities  of  the  time 
would  admit  of,  meaning  a  very  good  one.  His  first  employ- 
ment was  in  the  Deseret  Telegraph  Company's  office  on  Main 
street,  where  he  began  in  the  usual  way.  It  did  not  take  him 
long  to  become  quite  expert  in  the  business,  and  after  some 

two  years  of  such  service  he 
was  employed,  in  1874,  by 
the  then  Utah  Central  and 
Utah  Southern  railways,  the 
former  now  the  Oregon 
Short  Line  and  the  latter 
the  San  Pedro.  His  rise 
was  continuous  and  rapid, 
filling  all  the  minor  stations 
until  1877,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed ticket  agent,  then 
train  dispatcher  and  then 
chief  clerk  of  the  passenger 
department.  On  the  absorp- 
tion of  the  two  roads  named 
by  the  Union  Pacific  he  be- 
came chief  clerk  in  the 
passenger  department  of  the 
mountain  division,  holding 
this  place  till  March,  1897, 
when  the  Oregon  Short  Line,  having  been  detached  from 
the  Union  Pacific,  he  became  chief  clerk  to  Mr.  Burley, 
elsewhere  spoken  of  at  length.  On  March  4,  1901,  Mr. 
Spencer  was  promoted  to  the  responsible  station  he  now  holds 
— assistant  general  passenger  agent. 

It  is  a  needless  task  to  set  forth  a  person's  merits  when 
a  statement  of  his  career  so  well  discloses  them.  The  writer 
worked  in  the  office  where  Mr.  Spencer  began  his  business 
career  and  can  cheerfully  testify  that  no  more  attentive,  up- 
right, affable  boy  ever  rendered  service  anywhere  within  the 


DANIEL  S.   SPENCER. 


622 


I TAH  AS  IT  IS. 


writer's  knowledge.  These  qualities  have  followed  him  into 
manhood  and  grown  with  his  growth,  and  he  is  respected  by 
all  who  know  him.  He  is  a  married  man  with  a  goodly  fam- 
ily, and  is  quite  as  favorably  regarded  as  a  citizen  as  in  his 
business  callings.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  he  has  by  no  means 
reached  the  summit  of  his  career. 


LEHI    SUGAR    FACTORY. 


DROPPED  STITCHES. 


A  FEW  LITTLE    MATTERS    OVERLOOKED  AND 
UNDERLOOKED  IN  PREVIOUS  CHAPTERS. 

IN  THE  second  line  of  Congressman  HowelFs  sketch  on 
page  412,  the  reader  will  please  strike  out  "was  moved" 
and  insert  in  lieu  thereof  "his  parents  moved  to  Wellsville, 
of  course  taking  him  with  them."  No  mention  is  made  of 
Mr.  Howell's  mercantile  career  in  that  place,  which  was  very 
extensive,  successful  and  long  continued. 


UTAH  once  had  a  county  which  is  not  elsewhere  named 
herein,  bearing  the  musical  name  of  Shambip.  That  the  peo- 
ple of  the  early  days  were  somewhat  short  on  eatables,  wear- 
ables, lucre  and  in  fact  all  things  tending  to  make  life  enjoy- 
able is  well  enough  known;  but  that  they  were  as  hard  up 
for  names  as  the  foregoing  circumstance  would  indicate  is  not 
so  well  understood. 


TOWARD  the  beginning  of  this  book  is  a  picture  of  the 
"first  house  in  Utah,"  which  it  seems  was  not  the  first  one, 
there  being  a  record  of  one  or  two  other  structures  which 
were  called  houses,  for  want  of  a  better  name,  perhaps.  The 
picture  represent  the  first  house  in  Salt  Lake  City  at  least* 


024  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

IN  A  flight  of  rhetorical  fancy,  on  page  99,  the  writer 
declares  that  "white-throated  peace  perches  upon  the  ram- 
parts of  the  State."  Perhaps  the  bird  is  there  yet;  but  at  this 
particular  writing  she  must  wear  a  troubled  look  at  times  and 
seem  as  if  she  thought  some  of  taking  a  little  fly  just  for 
exercise.  She  will  settle  down  again,  though. 


THE  house  on  page  201,  labeled  as  that  of  H.  C.  Ward- 
leigh,  belongs  to  Dr.  A.  S.  Condon,  statesman,  physician  and 
all-round  good  man.  He  and  his  family  live  in  the  place,  of 
course. 


IN  THE  mention  of  Joseph  F.  Smith  as  a  boy,  eight  years 
old,  driving  h;s  mother's  team  (page  363),  he  is  pronounced 
the  youngest  teamster  in  the  business.  It  appears,  however, 
that  F.  M.  Lyman  at  the  same  age  drove  a  team  entirely 
across  the  plains. 


ON  PAGE  406,  after  the  caption  "William  H.  King,"  in- 
sert "ex-Representative  to  Congress;"  and  on  page  408,  after 
the  caption  "James  T.  Hammond,"  insert  "Secretary  of 
State." 


AMONG  the  sweet  singers  of  Utah,  many  of  whom  are 
named  on  page  589,  should  be  placed  the  name  of  Viola 
Pratt  Gillette,  now  well  and  properly  advanced  in  profes- 
sional life. 


AMONG  those  entitled  to  mention  in  the  ministry  depart- 


DROPPED  STITCHES.  625 

merit,  as  well  as  on  general  principles,  is  Lycurgus  A.  Wil- 
son, of  Salt  Lake  City,  a  faithful  worker  for  many  years.  He 
is  a  native  of  Utah,  having  been  born  at  Salem  in  1856.  He 
was  a  telegraph  operator  at  fifteen  and  taught  school  for 
twelve  years.  He  studied  law  for  three  years  with  Judge 
Booth  of  Provo,  and  went  to  Mexico  with  John  W.  Young  as 
his  attorney.  After  a  year's  stay  business  affairs  collapsed 
and  returning  here  went  to  work  as  a  book-keeper  in  the 
office  of  Bishop  Preston  until  the  opening  of  the  Temple, 
when  he  took  a  place  in  it  and  has  remained  there  ever  since. 
He  is  a  faithful,  upright  man. 


SEVERAL  newspapers  have  been  started  of  late,  chief 
among  them  being  the  daily  Ogden  State  Journal,  an  out- 
growth of  the  weekly  by  the  same  name.  The  stalwart  son 
of  Utah,  F.  J.  Cannon,  who  brings  to  journalism  the  qualities 
of  a  statesman,  is  editor,  the  management  being  as  formerly. 
It  is  Democratic  in  politics.  t^ftDCTOf t  Llbflfo 

The  morning  Examiner,  also  of  Ogden  and  also  Demo- 
cratic,  a  well-appearing,  well  conducted  sheet,  became  a  more 
recent  entity  in  the  field. 

The  Christian  Advocate  and  Children^  friend,  both  of 
Salt  Lake,  are  entitled  to  mention.  So  is  the  Crisis  a  very 
recent  Socialist  production  of  the  same  place. 

The  Manti  Free  Press  has  disappeared  from  the  scene, 
the  Messenger  having  absorbed  it,  the  latter  being  now  con- 
ducted by  N.  P.  Nelson. 

The  Tri-City  Times,  weekly,  issued  at  American  Fork 
by  J.  T.Jakeman,  is  the  newest  venture  to  record  in  this  line. 


WHILE  two  or  three  female  doctors   are   mentioned  in 
these  pages,  they  are  spoken  of  chiefly  in  some  other  connec- 


626 


U1AU  AS  II  JS. 


tion.  There  is  one  in  Salt  Lake  who  is  a  Pioneer,  a  thor- 
oughly good  woman  and  is  devoted  exclusively  to  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine,  in  which  she  is  very  successful.  Her  name 
is  Romania  B.  Pratt  and  she  is  the  mother  of  a  large  and  re- 
spectable family,  among  whom  is  Parley  P.,  headman  of  the 
Pratt  Drug  Co. 


THERE  is  an  Information  Bureau,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Mormon  Church,  near  the  south  entrance  of  the  Temple 
block,  Salt  Lake  City.  Here  tourists  or  anybody  else  can 
get  all  the  pointers  needed  for  their  immediate  guidance.  It 
is  conducted  by  Benjamin  Goddard,  a  capable  and  obliging 
man;  he  and  his  numerous  aides  are  ever  ready  to  oblige 
callers  without  its  costing  them  anything  or  their  receiving 
pay  .otherwise.  The  non-Mormon  element  have  a  similar 
bureau,  but  naturally  the  word  given  out  is  different. 


GREAT   TABERNACLE   ORGAN. 


ERRATA. 

HERE  is  a  string  of  errata  for  which  the  writer  acknowl- 
edges no  responsibility  whatever: 

On  page  170,  sixth  line  from  the  bottom,  the  name  should 
bej.  W.  Hughes. 

Page  173,  under  cut  of  Phil.  Margetts,  insert  another-  t 
in  the  surname'. 

On  page  386,  "Governor  Durkel"  should  be  "Governor 
Durkee." 

Page  390,  second  line  from  the  top,  for  1892  read  1902. 

Page  434?  second  line  ot  Aquila  N^beker's  sketch, 
"Lovena"  should  be  "Lurena."  Some  of  the  matter  follow- 
ing, while  relating  to  Mr.  Nebeker,  has  more  application  to 
his  father. 

Page  454,  Bp.  McRae's  birth  is  deferred  till  the  year 
2846,  a  circumstance  which  would  deprive  us  of  the  good 
Bishop's  company  for  a  long  time.  Of  course  the  year  is 
1846. 

Page  463,  second  line  from  top,  for  "Herron"  read 
"Huron." 

Page  =;2i,  third  line  from  top,  for  i8o7  read  i87o. 


CORRECTIONS 

Not  appearing  in  Errata. 


Page  252,  "Barratt  Hall"  should  be  "  Brigham  Young 
Memorial." 

Page  141,  third  line  from  bottom,  "two"  should  be  "five." 

Page  443,  S.  W.  Stewart .  omitted  from  index. 

Page  481,  A.  V.  Taylor,  omitted  from  index. 

Page  497,  "Albert  Powers,  Physician,"  should  be  "Dr. 
H.  J:  Powers;"  "Sanitary  Inspector"  should  be  omitted 
from  first  line  of  sketch,  name  under  portrait  and  index  to  be 


IN  CONCLUSION— IN  MEMORIAM. 

IT  HAS  been  suggested  that  the  perpetrator  of  this  vol- 
ume, having  said  so  much  about  other  people,  say  something 
about  his  own  career;  and  as  it  is  a  short  story  and  no  one 
else  wants  to  bring  up  the  tail  end  of  the  procession,  he  com- 
plies. 

The  writer  of  the  foregoing  chapters  (and  this  one  also) 
happened  to  the  earth  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century; 
which  side  of  the  line  is  unimportant.  The  place  was  the  little 
town  of  St.  Francisville,  on  the  Des  Moines  river,  a  short 
distance  above  where  it  (the  river,  not  the  town)  empties  into 
the  Mississippi,  a  place  then  noted  for  catfish  and  Baptists,  the 
writer  being  neither. 

The  father's  and  mother's  Christian  names  were  Foster 
Ray  and  Sarah  Catherine;  the  former  died  at  Manti,  Utah, 
on  May  27,  1892,  the  latter  at  Madisonville,  Kentucky,  in 
1857,  leaving  the  writer  a  thousand  miles  from  home,  very 
young,  very  small  and  very  tender,  conditions  which — es- 
pecially as  to  the  latter — he  has  outgrown  forlo!  these  many 
years. 

Time  passed  along,  as  it  always  does,  and  the  writer 
went  to  school.  Presumably,  he  learned  something;  but  it 
couldn't  have  been  very  much,  because  of  his  having  learned 
something  since  and  the  stock  on  hand  even  now  not  being 
so  extensive  as  to  justify  starting  an  institute  on  the  capital 
acquired. 

Pretty  soon  matters  got  to  be  warm.  The  North  and  the 
South  were  saying  rude  things  and  doing  real  mean  ones  to 
each  other.  The  grandmother  in  the  case,  God  bless  her, 
who  had  been  for  many  years  trying  to  get  her  wayward  off- 
spring to  pull  out  for  the  valleys  of  the  mountains,  at  last 


IN  CONCLUSION. 


629 


succeeded,  and  all  hands  lined  out  for  the  land  of  the  setting 
sun.  Within  a  reasonable  time  we  were  upon  the  broad 
plains  which  placed  their  mighty  stretch  between  us  and  the 
place  we  wanted  to  get  to.  After  a  few  weeks'  stay  at  Flor- 
ence, Neb.,  then  a  promising  place  with  as  much  as  seven 
houses  and  twenty-four  inhabitants,  a  company  was  got  to- 
gether and  the  wide  ocean  of  real  estate  lying  to  the  west 
was  entered  upon. 

The  novelty  of  such  experience  soon  wore  away  and  the 
experiences  became  monotonous  and  fatiguing.  Among  the 
boys  of  the  train  with  whom  the  writer  continually  associated 
were  C.  Ed.  Loose  and  his  brother  Warren.  The  former  is 

the  well-known  millionaire 
of  Provo,  whose  career  is 
extensively  set  out  in  an- 
other place  in  this  book;  the 
other  lives  in  California,  and 
both  are  royal  good  men  as 
they  were  then  royal  good 
boys.  When  not  walking 
along  or  sitting  down  with 


one  or  both  of  these,  talking 
tariff  or  prize  fights  andswap- 
ping  lies,  the  writer  was  in 
the  habit  of  taking  a  family 
heirloom  in  the  shape  of  an 
old  yager  of  the  time  of  Te- 
cumseh  and  going  out  hunt- 
ing, shooting  (at)  jack  rabbits 
and  such.  The  gun  was 

HkC    *  ^    ^^   P™^  '" 

the  train  —  a  chronic  kicker. 

Once,  while  in  a  hurry  and  somewhat  nervous,  too  much 
powder  and  shot  were  tumbled  into  the  ancient  piece  of  ar- 
tillery and  when  it  went  off  the  writer  went  down.  His 
guardian  angel  had  provided  for  him  a  nice,  soft  cushion 


THE   WRITER. 


630  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

omposed   of  prickly   pears,  and  on  this  he   dropped.       He 
also  got  up  again. 

Occasionally,  when  quite  done  up  with  pedestrianism,  the 
writer  was  permitted  for  a  short  time  to  occupy  a  sitting  place 
on  the  forward  part  of  the  hurricane  deck  of  the  prairie 
schooner,  overlooking  the  patient,  plodding  oxen  that  were  es- 
corting him  to  Zion  at  the  rate  of  a  mile  in  an  hour  and  a  quart-er. 

Time  continued  to  pass,  there  being  no  law  against 
passes  at  the  time.  That  magnificent  structure  erected  by 
Dame  Nature  when  she  was  a  young  girl,  Independence  Rock, 
was  reached.  It  still  stands  out  conspicuously  in  the  writer'i 
memory,  who  remembers  it  as  being  cleft  and  a  stream  of  water 
running  through.  The  opening,  to  the  youthful  mind,  which 
had  read  things,  was  suggestive  of  the  Pass  of  Thermopylae, 
where  Leonidas  with  a  handful  of  men  succeeded  in  failing 
to  keeping  back  a  million  or  so  of  Persians;  also  that  other 
pass  in  Switzerland,  where  a  man  named  Arnold  Winkelreid 
(who  must  have  been  addicted  to  the  vintage  that  made  Mil- 
waukee famous)  threw  himself  into  the  breach  and  became  at 
once  a  pincushion  for  the  Austrians'  spears,  shouting  as  he 
did  so — "Make  way  for  (hie!)  liberty!"  On  a  smooth  and 
flat  surface  some  distance  above  the  ground  the  writer  in- 
scribed his  name  along  with  those  of  several  other  fools. 
The  only  point  remembered  after  that  until  near  the  end  is 
Fort  Bridger,  which  secured  a  place  in  the  warder  of  the 
brain  by  reason  of  a  log  cabin  which  passed  itself  off  as  a 
ranch  house,  store,  restaurant,  postoffice,  residence  and  a  few 
other  things  that  can't  be  remembered.  The  solitary  oc- 
cupant was  a  man  who  had  a  keg  of  sorghum  which  he  sold 
at  fifty  cents  a  pint.  By  reason  of  the  protective  tariff  regu- 
lations ot  the  Sioux,  who  required  a  goodly  percentage  of 
sugar  among  the  voluntary  contributions  placed  upon  their 
outspread  blankets  along  the  road  and  who  collected  once  a 
day  on  an  average,  the  saccharine  supply  of  the  train  had 
run  out;  so  the  man  disposed  of  all  his  sweetened  tar  at  the 
figure  named. 


IN  CONCLUSION.  631 

Time — but  never  mind  about  time.  One  night  the  pil- 
grims reached  a  place  not  far  from  where  is  now  the  world- 
renowned  Park  City,  and  were  informed  that  early  next  day 
we  would  obtain  a  view  of  the  glorious  valley  toward  which 
we  had  been  toiling.  Next  morning,  without  waiting  for 
breakfast,  the  writer  set  out  hot-footed  for  the  summit,  and 
reached  it  a  long  time  ahead  of  the  train,  so  much  so  that  he 
felt  something  like  one  of  the  oldest  inhabitants  when  it  came 
lumbering  along.  The  valley  burst  upon  the  vision  all  at 
once.  Beautiful  spectacle!  Glorious  panorama!  Delight- 
some consummation !  The  end  of  travel  and  its  attendant 
travail  for  three  leaden-footed  months  outspread  before  the 
longing  yet  satisfied  gaze!  So  absorbed  was  the  youth  in  his 
reflections  and  emotions  that  for  a  time  the  customary  method 
of  expressing  exuberance  was  unthought  of,  but  not  for  long; 
and  when  it  did  come,  the  outburst  of  enthusiastic  hurrahing 
would  have  scared  an  Indian  into  retirement. 

The  train  pulled  into  town  at  last  and  camped  right  on 
the  spot  where  the  great  City  and  County  Building  stands.  It 
was  the  last  night  of  camping  out.  Next  morning  Captain 
Walling  bade  all  hands  good-bye,  and  the  company  disin- 
tegrated. Many  of  them  went  to  work  in  different  parts  of 
the  city,  some  went  into  the  country,  a  few  went  on  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  the  remainder  went  to  jail. 

A  period  of  looking  around  with  nothing  doing  for  the 
writer  followed,  ending  with  an  engagement  as  apprentice 
in  the  Deseret  News  office,  where  he  was  placed  upon 
the  road  to  fortune  at  the  rate  of  $16  a  month  and 
found — sometimes.  Three  years,  containing  each  some  47 
months,  elapsed  after  a  while,  and  the  apprentice  became  a  full- 
fledged  printer.  Then  a  season  of  rambling  followed  by  more 
printing,  during  which  practical  telegraphy  was  learned  and 
followed  at  different  times.  More  printing,  and  in  the  midst 
of  it  the  reading  of  law  was  taken  up  and  an  admission  to 
the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  effected,  without  the  aid  of  a 
crow-bar,  in  1877,  mixing  the  practice  of  law  with  that  of 


632  UTAH  AS  IT  IS. 

editorial  work  at  different  times  and  places.  Started  (and 
stopped)  several  papers,  and  worked  on  many  more.  Be- 
sides the  foregoing,  he  played  on  the  stage,  hauled  wood, 
herded  sheep,  drove  stock,  handled  teams,  served  as  a  soldier, 
conducted  a  gymnasium,  prospected  the  mountains,  worked 
at  mining,  went  on  a  mission,  got  married,  wrote  essays,  en- 
gaged in  politics,  held  offices  and  did  a  few  other  things  not 
occurring  to  the  mind  just  now.  He  is  the  husband  of  one 
wife  and  the  father  of  nine  healthy  children,  one  of  the  sons 
having  engaged  in  the  humane  work  of  converting  Filipinos 
to  love  for  American  institutions  by  taking  their  country  with- 
out their  consent  and  killing  them  when  they  kicked  about  it; 
another  son  is  at  this  time  on  a  Church  mission  in  the  goodly 
kingdom  of  the  Dutch,  and  doing  well.  And  as  nothing 
more  need  be  said,  this  may  properly  be  pronounced  the  end. 
Indulgent  reader,  the  writer  respectfully  subscribes  him- 
self as 

Yours  to  swear  by.  or  at,  as  occasion  may  require, 


INDEX. 


EXPLANATIONS. — Where  a  person  or  other  subject  occurs  more  thftn 
once  in  a  chapter,  only  the  page  where  it  is  mentioned  the  first  time  is 
here  given,  but  is  repeated  wherever  first  mentioned  in  any  other  chapter. 

Names  of  persons  occurring  in  a  group,  club,  society  or  organization 
are  not  individually  given  in  that  connection  unless  accompanied  by  picture, 
general  mention  being  made  by  appropriate  headings. 

Subjects  accompanied  by  picture  are  marked  f. 


Aboriginal  Incidentsf 54 

Adams,  Maude 175 

Agriculture  (and  Irrigation) ....  313 

Agricultural  College 208,  243 

Agricultural  Park 268 

Akers,  T.  P 137 

All  Hallows  Collegef 301 

Allison,  E.  M.t 109,  433 

Alta  Clubf 260 

American  Fork  (Creek) 314 

Amalgamated  Sugar  Co. f 282 

Anderson,  E.  H.f 113,  124,  421 

Anderson.S.  E.f 450 

Andrus,  Jamest....60,  110,  147,  462 

Apostles,  The  Twelvef 30 

Appendix 604 

Assembly  Hall,  Salt  Lakef 399 

Associate  Justices 147 

Attorney  Generalf 122 

Attorneys,  District 122 

Auditor,  Statef 122 

Baker,  Jim 18 

Baker,  Mercy  Rachelf 599 

Baker  School  of  Oratory 599 

Ballam,  H.  R 520 

Baptist  Church 310 

Barnett,  Rev.  F 311 

Barnum,  E.  M 137 

Bar  Association...  .  254 


Barratt  Hall,  Salt  Lakef 249 

Barrett,  Lawrence 179 

Bartch,  G.  W.t-..  106,  121,  197,  410 

Bartholomew,  Sister  M 297 

Baskin,  R.  N.f 122,  191,  409 

Bateman,  W.  J :..  268 

Bean,  0.  U.f 482 

Bear  River 313 

Beck,  Johnf 329,  573 

Beet  Sugar  Industry 282 

Bell  Telephone  (Rocky  Mountain)  288 

Benton,  I.  A.f  554 

Benton,  Thomas  H 218 

Bernhisel,  J.  M 69 

Bingham  Canyon  Railway 232 

Bingham  Canyon,  Mines  of 325 

Bishopric,   Presiding,   L.  D.  S.f     23 

Black,  C.  F 490 

Blacksmith  Fork 314 

Black  Hawk  (Chief) 61 

Black  Hawk  War 61,  542 

Bonneville 16 

Booth,  Edwin. 179 

Booth,  J.  E.f  122,  14S,  205,  248. 

256,  435 

Boreman.  J.  S 93,  147 

Bowring,  H.  E.... 173 

Brandeburg,  L.  G 64 

Breeden,  M.  A.f 122,  442 

Bridger,  Fort 18 


634 


INDEX. 


Bridger,  Jim 17,     23 

Brigham  Young  Academyf  206, 

>43,  380,  422,  591,  594 

Brigham  Young  College 209 

Brigham  Young  Trust  Co 402 

Brocchus,  P.  C 147 

Brooks,  J.  G 311 

Bromley,  J.  E 72 

Brown    Rev.  D.  A 311 

Brown,  Dr.  N.  C.f 515 

Bryan,  W.  J 120 

Bodden,  Herman 331 

Bulfamonte,  Rev.  P 3<>1 

Bullion,  First  Produced 327 

Barley,  D.  E.Jf 618 

Burlington  Railway 236 

Burrows,  J.  C 476 

Burton,  R.  T.f 29,  385 

Butler,  B.  F 520 

Bynum,  W.  D 491 

Cahoon,  J.  W.f 563 

Caine,  J   T.'t 134,141,  1S1 

Calvin.  E.  E.t 617 

Campbell,  A.  G 235 

Campbell,  W.f! 137 

Camp  Floyd  District 333 

Cannon,  G.  Mf 124,  467 

Cannon,  A.  M  t 392 

Cannon,  G.  Q.f 394 

Cannon,  F.  Jf 402 

Cannon,  J  Q 612 

Cannon,  Mrs.  M.  H.f 107,  455 

Cardenas 16 

Carey,  Annie  L 179 

Castle  Gate,  Utahf 292 

Cath-lios,  The 293 

Catholic  Cathedralf 300 

Central  Christian  Church 312 

Centrnl  Pacific  Ry..  The. ...218,  223 

Chamberlain,  J.  M.t 597 

Children's  \  and  H.  F.  Associa- 
tion   357 

Churches.  Other  than   Mormon 

and  ('atholic 305 

"         Baptist,   Organization 

of 310 

Baptist.  Founders  and 

OhVers  310 

Ce*  tral  Christian,  Or- 
ganization of 312 


Churches,     Central     Christian, 
Founders  and  Officers 

of 812 

Jews,  Organization  of  311 
Jews,    Founders    and 

Officers  of 311 

Lutheran,      Organiza- 
tion of 309 

Lutheran,       Founders 

and  Officers  of 309 

Methodist     Episcopal, 

Organization  of 308 

Methodist     Episcopal, 
Founders  and  Officers 

of 308 

Presbyterian,     Organ- 
ization of 308 

Presbyterian, Founders 

and  Officers  of 308 

Protestant    Episcopal, 

Organization  of 305 

Protestant    Episcopal, 
Founders  and  Officers 

of 305 

Cities,  The  Principal 187 

Salt  Lake,  Ogden,  Provo 

and  Logan 

Cities  and  Towns,  Population  of  183 
City  and  County  Building.   Snlt 

Lakef 194,  316 

Clawson,  Rudj^erf 95,  379 

Clove,  Jamesf 207.  436 

Clowes,  J.  C 214 

Clubs 254 

Cluff,  Benjamin,  Jrf 2-16 

Coal  and  Iron 340 

Cohen.  Mrs.  E.  M.f 521 

Coinage.  First  in  Utahf 53 

Cook,  Johnt 540 

Combat  Thickens  then  Sui'sid*^, 

"Tie 94 

Commercial  Club 265 

Connor,  Gen.  P.  E.f 82 

Constitutional   Convention,  the  104 

Coronado 16 

Couldock,  C.  W 179 

Counter,  Mrs  C.  E.f 5n6 

Cowley,  M.  F.f 376 

Counties 182 

County  Seats 182 

Croff,  B.  L.f 576 


INDEX. 


635 


Croff,  W.  L.f 574 

Cummings,  Ardelle 180 

Cummings,  Birdie 180 

Cummings,  Laron 180 

Dahlquist,  Agnesf 595 

Dark  Days  of  Utah's  Mediaeval 

History 76 

Davis,  Jefferson 15 

Dawson.  J.  W.f 100 

Deardorff,  H.  F.f 264 

De  Bouzek,  J.  A.f 603 

Deep  Creek 339 

De  Moisy,  Chariest 255,  461 

De.seret  News  Officef 154,  155 

Deseret  Agricultural  and  Manu- 
facturing Society 268 

Deseret  National  Bankf 276 

Dinwoodey,  Henryy 551 

District  Judges 148 

Dixon,  J.  D.f 118,  422 

Done,  Willardf  468 

Do'son,  W.  L.  H.f Ill,  112,  457 

Doty,  J.  D.f 100 

Dougall,  W.  B 216 

Drama,  The 172 

"       First  and  Later  Actors 

in 172,  161 

Dropped  Stitches 623 

Droubay,  P.  A.f 558 

Durkee,'  Charlesf 100 

Dyer,  Frank 103 

E-^gle  Gatej 192 

Early  Callers 15 

Eccles  Building,  Ogdenf 537 

Eccles,  Davidf 536 

Editors  of  Utah.  Past  and  Pre- 

pentf 157 

Einarsen,' Axel 541 

Election,  First  One  68 

Elections. Delegates  to  Congress, 

Lastfor 133 

Elections,    P^irst    State   Candi- 
dates in 106,  120 

Elections,  First  Opposition  in...   129 

Elections,  General 120 

Elections,  Municipal 131,  614 

Eleemosynary 345 

Elks,  The 262 

Elks  Club  House,  Salt  Lakef  ....  262 

Elks  Parade,  Salt  Lakef 263 

Emery,  G.  W.f 100 


Engineers,  B.  of  L 267 

Enzensperger,  Josf 264 

Estray  Poundf 193 

Evolution  of  the  School,  (Paro- 

wan)f 242 

Faust,  H.  J 73,  136 

Federal  Officials,  Utah 124 

Felt,  C.  B.f 616 

Felt,  D.P.t V57 

Fields  of  Manufacture  and  Com- 
merce   269 

Fifth  Election 121 

Legislature,  The 114 

"      Senatoral  Election 1]9 

Fine  Arts,  The 589 

First  Election 68 

House  in  Utahf 22 

Mining  Here,  The 318 

National  Bank,  Ogden  1^9,  281 

Paper,  The 152 

Legislature 108 

State  Officers.. 106 

Presidency,     The   Present 

Members  oft 27 

Fitch,  Thomas 136 

Flanders,  Gratiat 592 

Foley,  J.  A.f '. 230 

Fraternal,  Industrial   and  other 

Organizations 254 

Freed,  L.  D.f ^64 

Fuller,  Frank 136 

Gentile  Elected  in  1860  133 

Gibbs,  J.  F.t 163 

Gillette,  Viola  Pratt 624 

Godbe,  W.  S.t -.128,  528 

Goddard,  Benjamin 626 

Gold  Mountain 333 

Governors  of  Utah,  Group  oft ..  100 
"      "      Times       of 

Service 100 

Goodwin,  C.  C.f 157,  492 

Governor's  Staff  Officers 122 

Graebner,  Rev,  J.  R.f 585 

Graham,  J.  C.f 157,  493 

Granite  Stake  Tabernacle,  Salt 

Lake  Cityf 588 

Grant,  H.  J.f 371 

Grant,  J.  M.f 190 

Gray,  D.  R.f 224 

Great  Salt  Lake,  The 197 


636 


INDEX. 


Great  Salt  Lake,  The  First  White 

Man  in 18 

Great  Work  Begun,  The 21 

Groo,  Byronf 157,  441 

Groves,  Dr.   W.  H.,  Latter-day 

Saints  Hospital! 346 

Glasmann,  Williamf   157,428 

Guinan,  Father,  Catholic! 581 

Hafen,  John! 598 

Hall,  W.C.f 413 

Hamlin,  A.  L.f 112,  417 

Hammond,  J.  T.f 118,  408 

Hansen,  J.  E.f 112 

Harding,  Stephen!  100 

Hard  Living 46 

"     Menu 46 

Harris,  F.  S.f 265 

Harrison,  E.  L  T 128 

Hasb-ouck,  Dr.  R.  A.f 496 

Hatch,A 136 

Hatch,  A.  C.t 255,  459 

Hat  Island,  Great  Salt  Lake!...  49 

Hayward,  Mrs.  E.  A.f 518 

Heated  Term,  Elsewhere,  The...  92 

Hobbs,  P.D.f 419 

Holy  Cross  Hospital 351 

Hooper,  Wm.  H.t 129 

Home,  Mrs.  A.  M.f 112,  439 

Houtz,  D  D.f 207,  494 

Houtz,  Heber 61 

Howell,  Josephf 412,  623 

Hull,  Thomasf 124 

Illinois  Central  Ry 228 

Station! 228 

Incidents,  Original    Aboriginal  54 

Incorporated  Places 182 

Information  Bureau 626 

Inspiration,  The  Sagebrush 144 

Intermountain  Milling  Co.!  ....  286 

Irrigation,  Agriculture 313 

"          Inception  of 22 

Jefferson,  Thomas 15 

Jenson,  Andrew! 387 

Jews,  The 31i 

Johnson,  C.  E.! 602 

Johnson,  J.  E! 157,  602 

Johnson,  Willis! 556 

Jones,  Mrs.  W.  H.! 517 

Judges 147 

"      State...                            .  148 


Judges  and  Lawyers,  Group  oft  255 

Judicial  Districts '  147 

Judge  Miners  Home,  The!.. .344,  345 
Justices,   Chief,   from  the   Be- 
ginning   147 

Associate,   from    the 

Beginning 147 

Kearns'  St.  Ann's  Orphanage!..  353 

Kearns,  Thomas! 353,  465 

Kearns,  Mrs.  Thomas 353 

Keeley  Institute!  356 

Kellogg,  Clara  L 179 

Kelsey,  E.  B 129 

Kenner,  F.  R 138,  628 

Kenner,  S.  A.! 138.  728 

Kent,  Charles! 596 

Kenyon  Hotel!.., 291 

King,  S.  A! 207,  486 

King,  W.  H.! 145,  406 

Lagoon  Resort! 239 

Lammersdorf,  Charles! 577 

Lammersdorf,  Mrs.  Charles!....  578 
Lammersdorfs  Sevier  Mining 

Claims! 334 

Lammersdorfs  Reduction 

Works!  336 

Langtry,  Mrs 179 

Last  of  the  Delegates 133 

Last  Resting  Place  (Brigham 

Young)! 45 

Latter-day  Saints'  University!..  249 
Latter-day  Saints'  Hosp'ital 

(Groves)! 346 

Lawrence,  H.  W 129 

Leary,  J.  C.! 264 

Legislature,  Members  of!-  107,  112 

Lewis,  A.  B.! 114,  415 

Lewis',  A.  B.  Great  Enterprises.  335 

Liberal  Party 127 

Lincoln,  Abraham 213 

"Lingerlonger"! 195 

Littlefield,  E.  A! 169 

Livingston,  W.  D.  f 255,  461 

Logan  City 208,  617 

Loop,  Tintic  Line  R.  G.  W.! 227 

Loose,  C.  E! 464,  629 

Loose,  Warren 629 

Lund,  A.  H.! 27,  3^6 

Lund,  R.  C.! 431 

Lutheran  Church..... 309 

Lyman,  F.  M.f 367 


INDEX. 


637 


Marioneaux,  Thomasf 255,  469 

Marysvale 333 

Maxwell,  G.  R 130 

Mayors  of  Salt  Lakef 190 

McCarty,  W.  M.t 118,  411 

McClellan,  J.  J 590 

McCornick  &  Co.,  Bankers! 278 

McGrorty,  W.  M 129 

McMillan,  Williamf 449 

McRae,  Danielt 454 

Meakin,  J.  P.f 499 

Merchandising  and  Municipali- 
ties      69 

Merrill,  M.  Wf 374 

Metal  Production  and  Dividends.  343. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church 308 

Midgley,  Joshuaf 566 

Miller,  0.  P.f 29,  386 

Miner,  J.  A.f 255 

Mines  and  Mining 317 

Mining,  Origin  and  Growth  of..  317 

Mining,  The  First  Here 318 

Mines  of  Bingham,  The 325 

Ministry  and  Missions 580 

Modern  Moses,  The 32 

Money  andTrade 51 

Mormon  Battalion 14,  613 

Mormon  Church,  the  Origin  of..     26 
Mormon  Church,  Progress,    Or- 
ganization and  Officers  of 26 

Mormon  Church,  Officials  of 361 

Mormon  Temple,  Salt  Lakef....  196 

Morris,  R.P.f 614 

Morse,  C.  W.f 443 

"Motion  Carried,"  Thef 48 

Movement,  The  Next 324 

Moyle,  J.H.f 553 

Mulvey,  M.  E.f 264 

Murdock,  J.  R.f 114,  451 

Musser,  A.  M.f 216,  390 

National  Parties,  The  Growth  of  135 
Native  Beauties, Big  and  Little. f     59 

Nebeker,  Aquilaf 107,  434 

Nebeker,W.  G.f 107,  434 

Nelson,  A.   C.f 118,  425 

Neslen,  R.   F.f 237,  586 

Nicholson,  John 157,  581 

Notable  Women,  Some 503 

Ogden  City 199,  616 

Ogden   Sugar   Factory!., 283 


Ontario  Mine 330 

Oregon  Short  Line  Ry 221 

Park,  Agnes,  S.f 562 

Park,  fl.  G.f 560 

Parry,  Josephf 542 

Parry  Block,  Ogdenf 200 

Past  and  Present  Officeholders  400 

Patti 179 

Paul,  J.  H.f 253 

Peery,  Mrs.  E.  L.  H.f 515 

Peery,D.H.f 571 

Penrose,  C.  W.f 157,  479 

Period  of  Friction,  The 76 

Professional  People 470 

Pioneers,  Who  They  Were 19 

Pioneers  Reception  Committee, 

Thef 14 

Pioneer  Mines  and  District,  The  322 
Pioneer  Monument  and  Brigham 

Young  Staluef 38 

Pixton,  Mrs.  E.  C.f 514 

Pixton,  Robertf 539 

Pony  Express,  Thef 71 

Population  in  1851 68 

Population  Present 182 

Population  by  Cities,  Towns,  and 

Counties 182 

Porter,  D.  H.f 264 

Post  Offices 182 

Powers,  Albertf 497 

Powers,  0.  W.f 132,  473 

Pratt,  Mrs.  R.  B 625 

"  P.P 47 

Presbyterian  Church 308 

Press,  The 152 

Preston,  W.  B.f 29,  383 

Progress  and  Present  Status  of 

Principal  Cities 187 

Prominent  Members  of  Bar 470 

Prominent  People  Pictured  and 

Penned 359 

Prominent  People  of  Provof 207 

Prominent  Railroaders,  Some...  617 

Prospector,  Thef 319 

Protestant  Episcopal  Church....  305 

ProvoCity 204 

Provo  City  Officers 206,  617 

Pyper.G.D.f 180 

Raddon,  S.  L.f 168 

Raddon,  W.A.f 168 

Railroad,  The 217 


638 


INDEX. 


Rambouillet  Ramst 258 

Ramsey,  L.  A.f 593 

Rawhns,  J    L.f 116,  1X5,  404 

Reid,  W.  K.f 138,  255,  500 

Representatives  in  Legislature!  112 
Residence  of  H.  C.  Wardleigh, 

(A.  S.Condon)    Ogdenf 201 

Residence  of  0.  W.  Powerst....  195 
Residence  of  Reed  Smoot  (Pro- 

vojf 205 

Residence  of  S.  A.  King  (Provo)f  206 
Retreats   for  Sick  and  Unfortu- 
nate    345 

Reynolds,Georgef 90 

Rich,  B.   E.f 583 

Richards,  Mrs.  E.  S.t 508 

Rich,  J.  C.t 484 

Richards,  C.  Ct 

Richards,   F.  D.f 136,  396 

Richards,  F.  S.t •- 470 

Richards,  Mrs.  J.  S.y 503 

Richards,  Willardt 157 

Rideout,  D.  0 107,  110 

Rio  Grand  Western  Ry.f 225 

Roberts,  B.  H  t .....150,  391 

Roberts,  D.  R.j 556 

Roberts  Case,  The 149 

Robison,VV.  E.t 567 

Rocky  Mountain  Bell  Telephonet  288 

Roundy,  Mrs.  E  J.  D.t 519 

Roylance,  W.  M.T 112.  458 

Sagebrush  Democracy,  The 137 

Sagebrush  Demooracy,  Organi- 
zers of ." 138 

Saltair  Beach  Paviliont 233 

Salt  Lake  Cityt 188,  189 

Salt  Lake  Press  Club... 266 

Salt  Lake  Theatret 180 

Salt  Lake  and  Ogden  Ry 238 

Salt  Lake  and  Los  Angeles  Ry.  230 
San   Pedro,     Los    Angeles  and 

Salt  Lake  Ry 233 

Scanlan,  Rev.  L.t 294 

Schools  and  Schoolingt 241 

Schumacher,!.  M.t 619 

Second   General   Election,    The  120 

Second  Legislature,  18*7 110 

Second  Senatorial  Election 116 

Senate,  Members  oft 107,  108 

Senator,  The  Latestt 151 

Senior,  E.  W 495 


Shaffer,  J.  W.t 100 

Shurtliff,  L.W.t.. 107,  444 

Silver  Reef: 342 

Singleton,  A.t 207 

Singleton  Clothing  Co.  (Provo)  286 

Sloan,  E.  L 157 

Smith,  Eliast 157,  259,  607 

Smith,  G.  A.t 420 

Smith,  H.  M.t 38L 

Smith,  Hyrum 30 

Smith,  Johnt 383 

Smith,J.  F.t 27,  361 

Smith,  J.  Ht -%8 

Smith,  J.  M.t 259 

Smith,  Joseph  the  Prophet 30 

Smith,  Mrs.  J.  F.t 525 

Smoot  A.  O.t 190 

Smoot,  A.  0.  Jr.t 107 

Smoot,  Reedt 151,  379 

Smoot,  W.  C.  A.t 20,  564 

Snail- Paced  Communication 66 

Societies  and  Clubs 2~>4 

Solomon,  Alfredt -~>44 

Solomon,  A.  Et r>49 

Solomon,  Jamest 546 

Spencer,  D.  S 620 

State  Bar  Association 254 

State  Boards 123 

State  Builders,  The 11 

State  Builders,  their  journey, 
advents,  tribulations  and  tri- 
umphs    11 

State  of  Deseret,  The 63 

State  of  Deseret,  its  Officers 63 

Statehood  101 

State  Legislatures,  The 108 

State  Officers,  First 106 

State  Officers  of  1903,t 118 

Steele,  M.  M.t 564 

Stenhouse,  T.B.H.t 157,  159 

Stickney.  Mrs.  V.  A.t 358,  523 

St.  Mark's  Hospitalt 349 

St.  Mary's  Academy,  Salt  Lake 

Cityt 1 296 

Stock  Exchange,  The  342 

Talmage,  J.  E.t 498 

Tanner,  H.  S.t  255 

Tanner,  Nathant 532 

Taylor   Brothers   Co.   (Provo)t  284 

Taylor,  J.  E.t 110,112,  438 

Taylor,  J.  W.t 373 


INDEX. 


639 


Taylor,  T.  N 207 

Teasdale,  Georgef 370 

Telegraph,  The 210 

Tingey,  C.   S.f 118,  424 

Tintic  Mining  District 328 

Tintic  Discoveries 329 

Thatcher,  Mosesf 530 

Third  Legislature Ill 

Third  Senatorial  Contest  117 

Thomas,  A.  L.f 100,  425 

Thomas,  J.  J 502 

Thomas,  R.  K 107,  446 

Thompson,  Ezraf 190 

Thompson, Jamesf 437 

Thoresen,  I.  C.f 440 

Thurman,  S.  R.f 14U 

Utah  Boys  in  Philippines! 610 

Utah  Central  and  Southern   Ry.  220 
Utah's  Military  Status  and  Rec- 
ord    605 

Utah  Press  Association 256 

Utah  State  Flower  (Sego  LilyH  579 

Utah  State  Officers! 118,  121 

Utah  Wool  Growers  Association.  258 

Union  PncificRy 219 

Unitarian  Church 311 

Van  Dyke,  Williamf 570 

Vaughn,  V.  H.f 100 


Walker  Brothers'  Bankf 274 

Warde,  Frederick 179 

Warrum,  Noblef 487 

Weber,  A.  If 255,  501 

Wells,  D.  H.f 190,400,  H07 

Wells,  Emmeline  B 512 

Wells,  H.  M  f 100,  118,  180,  400 

West,  C.  W.f 100 

Whitmore,  G.  C.t 453 

Whitney,  H.  G 153,  179 

Whitney,  0.  F.f Ill,  388 

Wilson,  E.  W.f 120,  463 

Wilson,  J.  B.t 447 

Wilson,  L.  A 625 

Winder,  J.  R.f, 27,  364 

Wood,  G.  L.f 100 

Woodruff,  A.  O.f 378 

Woodruff,  Wilf ord 30,  99 

Woolen  Mills 283 

Young,  Brigham  f 

11,  30,  33,  100,  174,  212 

Young,  Brigham,  Jr.f 398 

Young,  Brigham,  Statuef 38 

Zane,  C.  S.f 96,  255,  457 

Zion's  Co-operative   Mercantile 

Institution! 269 

Zion's  Savings  Bankf 280 


